@inproceedings{NeubauerFischerHackenberg, author = {Neubauer, Katrin and Fischer, Sebastian and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {Risk Analysis of the Cloud Infrastructure of Smart Grid and Internet of Things}, series = {The Tenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, (CLOUD COMPUTING 2019), 10th Mai 2019, Venice, Italy}, booktitle = {The Tenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, (CLOUD COMPUTING 2019), 10th Mai 2019, Venice, Italy}, publisher = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-61208-703-0}, issn = {2308-4294}, pages = {82 -- 87}, abstract = {Cloud Computing (CC), Internet of Thing (IoT) and Smart Grid (SG) are separate technologies. The digital transformation of the energy industry and the increasing digitalization in the private sector connect these technologies. At the moment, CC is used as a service provider for IoT. Currently in Germany, the SG is under construction and a cloud connection to the infrastructure has not been implemented yet. To build the SG cloud, the new laws for privacy must be implemented and therefore it's important to know which data can be stored and distributed over a cloud. In order to be able to use future innovative services, SG and IoT must be combined. For this, in the next step we connect the SG infrastructure with the IoT. A potential insecure device and network (IoT) should be able to transfer data to and from a critical infrastructure (SG). In detail, we focus on two different connections: the communication between the smart meter switching box and the IoT device and the data transferred between the IoT and SG cloud. In our example, a connected charging station with cloud services is connected with a SG infrastructure. To create a really smart service, the charging station needs a connection to the SG to get the current amount of renewable energy in the grid. Private data, such as name, address and payment details, should not be transferred to the IoT cloud. With these two connections, new threads emerge. In this case, availability, confidentiality and integrity must be ensured. A risk analysis over all the cloud connections, including the vulnerability and the ability of an attacker and the resulting risk are developed in this paper.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FischerNeubauerHackenberg, author = {Fischer, Sebastian and Neubauer, Katrin and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {A Study about the Different Categories of IoT in Scientific Publications}, series = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2020: the Eleventh International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs and Virtualization, October 25-29, 2020, Nizza}, booktitle = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2020: the Eleventh International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs and Virtualization, October 25-29, 2020, Nizza}, publisher = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-61208-778-8}, pages = {24 -- 30}, abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used as a synonym for nearly every connected device. This makes it really difficult to find the right kind of scientific publication for the intended category of IoT. Conferences and other events for IoT are confusing about the target group (consumer, enterprise, industrial, etc.) and standardisation organisations suffer from the same problem. To demonstrate these problems, this paper shows the results of an analyses over IoT publications in different research libraries. The number of results for IoT, consumer, enterprise and industrial search queries were evaluated and a manual study about 100 publications was done. According to the research library or search engine, different results about the distribution of consumer-, enterprise- and industrial- IoT are visible. The comparison with the results of the manual evaluation shows that some search queries do not show all desired publications or that considerably more, unwanted results are returned. Most researchers do not use the keywords right and the exact category of IoT can only be accessed via the abstract. This shows major problems with the use of the term IoT and its minor limitations.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaimerlTschernitzSchilleretal., author = {Haimerl, Simon and Tschernitz, Christoph and Schiller, Tobias and Weig, Christoph and Briem, Ulrich and Galka, Stefan}, title = {Development of a Simulation Framework for Urban Ropeway Systems and Analysis of the Planned Ropeway Network in Regensburg, Germany}, series = {Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 11-14 Dec. 2022, Singapore}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 11-14 Dec. 2022, Singapore}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-6654-7661-4}, doi = {10.1109/WSC57314.2022.10015510}, pages = {1413 -- 1424}, abstract = {To evaluate the performance of a ropeway in an urban environment, simulations of the dynamic passenger transport characteristics are required. Therefore, a modular simulation model for urban ropeway networks was developed, which can be flexibly adapted to any city and passenger volume. This simulation model was used to analyze the ropeway network concept of the German city Regensburg and to determine the expected operating conditions. The passenger volume, different types of persons, their occurrence probability and their destination distribution is depending on the location and daytime and can be defined for each individual station. In an initial analysis, the number of passengers currently occurring in bus traffic were projected onto the ropeway network. To enable climate-friendly and efficient operation, different strategies were developed to significantly reduce the number of gondolas. The best fitting strategies resulted in significant cost savings while passenger comfort, as represented by queue time, remained unchanged.}, language = {en} } @techreport{HauerHaugSchultzetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Hauer, Franziska and Haug, Sonja and Schultz, Maximilian and Scharf, Anna and Weber, Karsten}, title = {KINiro, K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz f{\"u}r Nichtregierungsorganisationen - Bedarf, Akzeptanz und Umsetzungsm{\"o}glichkeiten. 3. Arbeitspapier: K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in Nichtregierungsorganisationen: Quantitative Erforschung der Umsetzung in deutschen NROs}, publisher = {OTH Regensburg}, address = {Regensburg}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.11094.66883}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-73518}, pages = {105}, abstract = {Hintergrund und Fragestellung K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz (KI) stellt ein wichtiges Thema der Digitalisierung dar und hat das Potenzial viele Arbeitsfelder grundlegend zu ver{\"a}ndern. Mit dem Einsatz von KI wird die Hoffnung verbunden durch Automatisierung Zeit und Geld zu sparen. Dies k{\"o}nnte besonders interessant f{\"u}r Organisationen sein, die wenig Ressourcen zur Verf{\"u}gung haben, da sie nicht gewinnorientiert oder ehrenamtlich arbeiten. Dazu z{\"a}hlen Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO), die einen wichtigen Bestandteil der Zivilgesellschaft darstellen. Aufgrund der komplexer werdenden Arbeit von NROs scheint KI M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Bew{\"a}ltigung aktueller und zuk{\"u}nftiger Herausforderungen zu bieten. {\"U}ber den Einsatz von KI in NROs ist derzeit jedoch wenig bekannt. Methodik Es wurde eine quantitative Querschnittstudie deutscher Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO) zum Thema KI durchgef{\"u}hrt. Der Web-Survey baut auf den Erkenntnissen des Scoping Reviews und der qualitativen Interviews auf und vertieft den Einblick in die Bereiche aktuelle Nutzung von KI, Wissenstand in den Organisationen sowie vorhandene und noch ben{\"o}tigte Ressourcen. Daf{\"u}r wurden 343 NROs verschiedener Gr{\"o}ßen und Handlungsfelder befragt und die Ergebnisse quantitativ analysiert. Ergebnisse Die meisten NROs sind der Anwendung von KI gegen{\"u}ber positiv eingestellt und planen den Einsatz f{\"u}r die Zukunft oder testen ihn bereits. Daf{\"u}r werden meist schnell umsetzbare, externe Anwendungen wie Schreibunterst{\"u}tzungen oder Text{\"u}bersetzung f{\"u}r B{\"u}rot{\"a}tigkeiten in den Arbeitsablauf eingebaut. Diese Nutzung beschr{\"a}nkt sich h{\"a}ufig auf erste Versuche und wird durch interessierte Einzelpersonen vorangetrieben. F{\"u}r gr{\"o}ßere Umsetzung fehlen h{\"a}ufig Zeit, Geld und Wissen. Da die NROs selbst erwarten, dass die Nutzung von KI in den n{\"a}chsten Jahren zunehmen wird, werden mehr Wissensaufbau und Austausch in den Organisationen notwendig. Schlussfolgerung Das Interesse an der Thematik scheint in der Zielgruppe vorhanden zu sein, wie die hohe Teilnahmebereitschaft nahelegt. Doch handelt es sich um ein eher neues Thema f{\"u}r die NROs, sodass der Einsatz noch getestet wird und feste Strukturen, welche die Anwendung systematisieren und regeln noch aufgebaut werden m{\"u}ssen. Um dies zu erm{\"o}glichen, sind mehr Wissen, Richtlinien und finanzielle Ressourcen notwendig. Die Umsetzung hat in den NROs jedoch wenig Priorit{\"a}t, da zun{\"a}chst andere H{\"u}rden {\"u}berwunden werden m{\"u}ssen.}, language = {de} } @techreport{VetterHaugDotteretal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Vetter, Miriam and Haug, Sonja and Dotter, Caroline and Weber, Karsten}, title = {EVEKT - Erh{\"o}hung der Verbraucherpartizipation an der Energiewende durch KI-Technologien und datenbasierte Mehrwertdienste. 4. Arbeitspapier: Akzeptanz und Nutzungsbereitschaft von Smart-Meter-Anwendungen und datenbasierten Mehrwertdiensten}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.33227.60968}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77421}, pages = {36}, abstract = {Um Leistungsschwankungen im Stromnetz durch fluktuierende erneuerbare Energien auszugleichen, sollen in Deutschland intelligente Messtechnologien in Privathaushalten verbaut werden. Diese gelten als zentraler Bestandteil sog. Smart-Grids (intelligente Stromnetze), die Stromnachfrage und -angebot steuern, um Stromnetzstabilit{\"a}t zu gew{\"a}hrleisten. Die Werte, die bei der Messung des Stromverbrauchs in Privathaushalten erhoben werden, k{\"o}nnen an die Verbraucher*innen mithilfe von Apps oder anderer Smart-Meter-Plattformen (datenbasierte Mehrwertdienste) r{\"u}ckgemeldet werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde eine Online-Befragung der Wohnbev{\"o}lkerung in Deutschland (n=2.027) durchgef{\"u}hrt, deren Ergebnisse im Folgenden dargestellt werden. Abgefragt wurden Bekanntheit, Nutzungsbereitschaft und Akzeptanz intelligenter Stromz{\"a}hler bzw. Smart-Meter sowie Anwendungsszenarien. Der H{\"a}lfte der Befragten ist der Begriff Smart-Meter bekannt, etwa ein Zehntel aller Befragten verf{\"u}gt nach eigenen Angaben bereits {\"u}ber einen intelligenten Stromz{\"a}hler oder einen Smart-Meter. Zudem bestehen bei einem hohen Anteil der Befragten Erwartungen bez{\"u}glich N{\"u}tzlichkeit und Energiereduktion. Ein Nutzungsszenario mit Kostensparhinweisen wird h{\"a}ufiger gew{\"u}nscht als eine Anzeige des Echt-zeitstromverbrauchs mit dem Energieverbrauch von einzelnen Haushaltsger{\"a}ten. Bei den Inhalten der Apps w{\"u}rden vor allem finanzielle und ideelle Anreize zum Energiesparen motivieren. Dem Datenschutz messen die Befragten h{\"o}chste Bedeutung zu. Als Schlussfolgerung kann formuliert werden, dass intelligente Messtechnologien bis zu einem gewissen Grad schon bekannt, aber in Deutschland wenig verbreitet sind. Die Nutzungsm{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r Strom- und Kostenreduktion werden bisher kaum ausgesch{\"o}pft. Bestehenden (Datenschutz-)Bedenken gegen{\"u}ber der Technologie sollte mit intensiver Aufkl{\"a}rung und Information begegnet werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{EzerGrabingerHauseretal., author = {Ezer, Timur and Grabinger, Lisa and Hauser, Florian and Staufer, Susanne and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {EYE TRACKING AS TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION: FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF DATA QUALITY AND IMPROVEMENTS}, series = {INTED2024 Proceedings: 18th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain. 4-6 March, 2024}, booktitle = {INTED2024 Proceedings: 18th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain. 4-6 March, 2024}, publisher = {IATED Academy}, isbn = {978-84-09-59215-9}, issn = {2340-1079}, doi = {10.21125/inted.2024.0802}, pages = {2955 -- 2961}, abstract = {Eye tracking serves as a powerful tool across a variety of empirical research areas: From usability research over cognitive research to educational research and applications in classrooms. However, data noise in eye tracking data poses a challenge to researchers and educators, as it leads to gaze positions being measured imprecisely under unfavorable conditions. In our previous study, we systematically investigated factors that influence data quality and are easily controllable in a classroom or laboratory environment, such as illumination, sampling frequency, and head orientation. However, no recommendations regarding the light source and light orientation could be provided, as these influences could not be analyzed in sufficient detail. Yet, a further examination of these factors, eliminating human influences by using an artificial head, revealed significant differences between individual settings. Hence, in this empirical study of eye tracking as an educational technology, we delve deeper into examining the impact of both light source and light orientation on data quality. This is investigated with an artificial head together with the Tobii Pro Spectrum eye tracking device. To measure data quality, we use the metrics precision and standard deviation as indicators of data noise. The obtained results derive practical advice for educators and researchers, such as not to illuminate the subject from the rear, in order to gather useful data for research and future classroom applications. Thereby, this study serves as a complement to our previous research, answering open questions regarding best practices for researchers and educators when using eye trackers. It aims to provide valuable insights into producing data of the highest quality possible when using eye trackers, both in laboratory settings and in future classrooms applications.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FolgerHachaniFuxenetal., author = {Folger, Fabian and Hachani, Murad and Fuxen, Philipp and Graf, Julian and Fischer, Sebastian and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {A Transformer-Based Framework for Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Time Series}, series = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2025, The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, April 06, 2025 to April 10, 2025, Valencia, Spain}, booktitle = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2025, The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, April 06, 2025 to April 10, 2025, Valencia, Spain}, publisher = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-258-6}, issn = {2308-4294}, pages = {52 -- 57}, abstract = {This paper introduces a comprehensive Transformer-based architecture for anomaly detection in multivariate time series. Using self-attention, the framework efficiently processes high-dimensional sensor data without extensive feature engineering, enabling early detection of unusual patterns to prevent critical system failures. In a subsequent laboratory setup, the framework will be applied using fuzzing techniques to induce anomalies in an Electronic Control Unit, while monitoring side channels, such as temperature, voltage, and Controller Area Network messages. The overall structure of the architecture, as well as the necessary preprocessing steps, such as temporal aggregation and classification up to the optimization of the hyperparameters of the model, are presented. The evaluation of the model architecture with the postulated restrictions shows that the model handles anomaly scenarios in the dataset robustly. It is necessary to evaluate the extent to which the model can be used in practical applications in areas, such as cloud environments or the industrial Internet of Things. Overall, the results highlight the potential of Transformer models for the automated and reliable monitoring of complex time series data for deviations.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EzerGrabingerHauseretal., author = {Ezer, Timur and Grabinger, Lisa and Hauser, Florian and Staufer, Susanne and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {EYE TRACKING METRICS FOR DISTINGUISHING GLOBAL AND FOCAL GAZE PATTERNS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW}, series = {INTED2024 Proceedings: 18th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain. 4-6 March, 2024}, booktitle = {INTED2024 Proceedings: 18th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain. 4-6 March, 2024}, publisher = {IATED Academy}, isbn = {978-84-09-59215-9}, issn = {2340-1079}, doi = {10.21125/inted.2024.0814}, pages = {3005 -- 3014}, abstract = {Global and focal eye tracking gaze patterns are distinguished in a variety of domains, such as radiology research, empirical software engineering, behavioral psychology, and cartography research. A global gaze pattern is present if a participant in an eye tracking study gains an overview of the stimulus, whereas a focal pattern emerges during a more detailed evaluation of a specific part of the stimulus. With this higher-level measure of global and focal gaze patterns, cognitive effort, expertise levels, and even neurological characteristics - such as autism - can be quantified. Furthermore, with this measure, cognitive efforts of students in certain tasks can be investigated and clues for targeted support can be provided. These properties in particular make this eye tracking measure valuable for the education domain. In the field of eye tracking research, many researchers have established distinct criteria for differentiating global and focal gaze patterns. Moreover, it is rarely quantitatively measured which of these patterns is present, but rather determined based on qualitative considerations. However, some studies explicitly use quantitative metrics like saccade-length or fixation-duration to distinguish between global and focal gaze patterns. This is the focus of the present systematic literature review: It searches for and compiles the eye tracking metrics used in the literature to distinguish global from focal gaze patterns in a quantitative way. In doing so, this study fills the yawning gap in quantitative metrics for determining global and focal gaze patterns. In the long run, this can be used to answer questions about cognitive load and problems in processing tasks during eye tracking studies and to provide further insights into the cognitive processes of students. The present paper first discusses definitions of global and focal gaze patterns and presents examples in which this metric has already been applied. Then, the research questions together with search strings and search engines used for the systematic literature review are described. Finally, the results are summarized, presenting a compilation of and connections between quantitative metrics utilized in the literature to distinguish between global and focal viewing patterns.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GalkaSchmid, author = {Galka, Stefan and Schmid, Florian}, title = {Initialization of Simulation-Based Digital Twins for Internal Transport Systems}, series = {IFAC-PapersOnLine}, volume = {58}, booktitle = {IFAC-PapersOnLine}, number = {19}, editor = {Schlund, Sebastian and Ansari, Fazel}, address = {Wien}, organization = {International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC)}, issn = {2405-8963}, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.09.127}, pages = {1084 -- 1089}, abstract = {To support operational decisions using simulation-based digital twins, it is crucial to synchronize the simulation model quickly and accurately with the load state in the real system. This minimizes the typical transient behavior of material flow simulations to a short period of time. This paper presents a concept for initializing a simulation model using the example of a distribution center that uses SAP EWM as a warehouse management system. As part of a study, the influence of the presented initialization concept on the simulation models' transient behavior is investigated. The simulation model used as a reference is in an 'empty' load state at the beginning of the simulation. The study results indicate that the proposed approach can significantly shorten the transient behavior.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-8066, title = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2025, The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, April 06, 2025 to April 10, 2025, Valencia, Spain}, editor = {Fischer, Sebastian and Neumann, Christoph P. and Aßmuth, Andreas}, publisher = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-258-6}, issn = {2308-4294}, language = {en} } @article{GalkaFollathBross, author = {Galka, Stefan and Follath, Alexander and Bross, Florian}, title = {Vorgehensmodell zur Erstellung Digitaler Zwillinge f{\"u}r Produktion und Logistik}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb}, volume = {117}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb}, number = {11}, editor = {Bauer, Wilhelm and Volk, Wolfram and Z{\"a}h, Michael}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1515/zwf-2022-1127}, pages = {691 -- 696}, abstract = {Der Digitale Zwilling (DZ) ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Industrie 4.0 und erm{\"o}glicht Anwendungen wie Predictive Maintenance, virtuelles Prototyping oder die Steuerung von Produktions- und Logistikprozessen. Herausforderungen bei der Entwicklung des Digitalen Zwillings entstehen durch fehlende Struktur und Standards. Mit diesem Beitrag soll ein Vorgehensmodell f{\"u}r die Erstellung eines Digitalen Zwillings im Bereich der Produktion und Logistik aufgezeigt werden. Das Vorgehensmodell hilft bei der Einordnung, f{\"u}r welche Anwendungsf{\"a}lle ein Digitaler Zwilling entwickelt werden kann, welche Schritte bei einer Umsetzung erfolgen m{\"u}ssen, und gibt einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Voraussetzungen und Komplexit{\"a}t bei der Entwicklung. Das zentrale Element bildet dabei die zielgerichtete Aufbereitung und Analyse der zugrunde liegenden Daten mittels des in der Industrie etablierten Vorgehensmodell CRISP-DM.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{EzerGreinerGrabingeretal., author = {Ezer, Timur and Greiner, Matthias and Grabinger, Lisa and Hauser, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Eye tracking al technology in education; data quality analysis and improvements}, series = {Proceedings of the 16th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2023), Seville, Spain, 11/13/2023 - 11/14/2023}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2023), Seville, Spain, 11/13/2023 - 11/14/2023}, editor = {G{\´o}mez Chova, Luis and Gonz{\´a}lez Mart{\´i}nez, Chelo and Lees, Joanna}, publisher = {IATED}, doi = {10.21125/iceri.2023.1127}, pages = {4500 -- 4509}, abstract = {Eye tracking has proven to be a powerful tool in a variety of empirical research areas; hence, it is steadily gaining attention. Driven by the expanding frontiers of Artificial Intelligence and its potential for data analysis, eye tracking technology offers promising applications in diverse fields, from usability research to cognitive research. The education sector in particular can benefit from the increased use of eye tracking technology - both indirectly, for example by studying the differences in gaze patterns between experts and novices to identify promising strategies, and directly by using the technology itself to teach in future classrooms. As with any empirical method, the results depend directly on the quality of the data collected. That raises the question of which parameters educators or researchers can influence to maximize the data quality of an eye tracker. This is the starting point of the present work: In an empirical study of eye tracking as an (educational) technology, we systematically examine factors that influence the data quality, such as illumination, sampling frequency, and head orientation - parameters that can be varied without much additional effort in everyday classroom or research use - using two human subjects, an artificial face, and the Tobii Pro Spectrum. We rely on metrics derived from the raw gaze data, such as accuracy or precision, to measure data quality. The obtained results derive practical advice for educators and researchers, such as using the lowest sampling frequency appropriate for a certain purpose. Thereby, this research fills a gap in the current understanding of eye tracker performance and, by offering best practices, enables researchers or teachers to produce data of the highest quality possible and therefore best results when using eye trackers in laboratories or future classrooms.}, language = {en} } @misc{Fischer, author = {Fischer, Sebastian}, title = {A Security-, Privacy-and Usability-Scoring System for IoT Devices}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HachaniSteyFuxenetal., author = {Hachani, Murad and Stey, Miguel and Fuxen, Philipp and Graf, Julian and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {GFDG: a genetic fuzzing method for the Controller Area Network Protocol}, series = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Coud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, booktitle = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Coud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, organization = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-258-6}, issn = {2308-4294}, pages = {40 -- 45}, abstract = {Ensuring the security of modern automotive systems is critical due to their increasing complexity and reliance on interconnected Electronic Control Units. The Controller Area Network still serves as a key communication protocol within these systems, making it a primary target for security testing. Traditional fuzz testing approaches for Controller Area Networks often rely on random or brute-force message generation, not leveraging the system's feedback to improve the generation process. This paper introduces the Genetic Fuzz Data Generator, a fuzzing method that leverages Genetic Algorithms and side-channel analysis to enhance Controller Area Network security testing. The Genetic Fuzz Data Generator dynamically refines its fuzzing strategy by evaluating system responses through side-channel data, such as processing unit temperatures and power supply variations. By structuring Controller Area Network messages as genetic individuals and applying evolutionary principles—including selection, crossover, and mutation—the Genetic Fuzz Data Generator systematically identifies active Controller Area Network IDs and generates targeted fuzz messages. Experimental validation was conducted on a real automotive electronic control unit within a controlled laboratory setup. The first results demonstrated the approach's effectiveness, revealing system anomalies, including a Denial of Service vulnerability that disrupted functions of the investigated Electronic Control Unit. The findings highlight the potential of feedback-driven fuzzing for improving the efficiency of black-box security testing in Controller Area Network-based systems. Future research could further optimize fitness functions or explore additional side-channel metrics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuchmannSchwaegerlPeinl, author = {Buchmann, Thomas and Schw{\"a}gerl, Felix and Peinl, Ren{\´e}}, title = {To Model, to Prompt, or to Code? The Choice Is Yours: A Multi-Paradigmatic Approach to Software Development}, series = {Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Technologies, 10-12.Juni 2025, Bilbao}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Technologies, 10-12.Juni 2025, Bilbao}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}, doi = {10.5220/0013557100003964}, pages = {296 -- 303}, abstract = {This paper considers three fundamental approaches to software development, namely manual coding, model-driven software engineering, and code generation by large language models. All of these approaches have their individual pros and cons, motivating the desire for an integrated approach. We present MoProCo, a technical solution to integrate the three approaches into a single tool chain, allowing the developer to split a software engineering task into modeling, prompting or coding sub-tasks. From a single input file consisting of static model structure, natural language prompts and/or source code fragments, Java source code is generated using a two-stage approach. A case study demonstrates that the MoProCo approach combines the desirable properties of the three development approaches by offering the appropriate level of abstraction, determinism, and dynamism for each specific software engineering sub-task.}, language = {en} } @misc{Hoeng, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {H{\"o}ng, Simon}, title = {Entwicklung eines digitalen Werkzeugs zur automatisierten Remodellierung von Bauwerken auf Grundlage von Bestandspl{\"a}nen: Erzeugung von synthetischen Daten f{\"u}r KI-L{\"o}sungen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-65218}, school = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {93}, abstract = {In Anbetracht der hohen Zahl an zu ert{\"u}chtigenden Bauwerken in Deutschland bei gleichzeitig zunehmendem Fachkr{\"a}ftemangel in der Baubranche ist es wichtig, effiziente Planungs- und Bauprozesse zu schaffen. Digitale und automatisierte Arbeitsmethoden auf Basis von digitalen Bauwerksmodellen beginnen sich daher zu etablieren. F{\"u}r viele Bestandsbauwerke werden diese Methoden aber nur z{\"o}gerlich angewendet, da das als Grundlage ben{\"o}tigte digitale Bauwerksmodell erst aufwendig erstellt werden m{\"u}sste. Moderne Techniken der k{\"u}nstlichen Intelligenz (KI) wie Machine- oder Deep Learning bewegen im Moment viele Forschungs- und Wirtschaftsbereiche. Ihr Einsatz kann auch in der Bauwirtschaft L{\"o}sungen f{\"u}r komplexe oder repetitive Aufgaben bieten. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Tool konzipiert und evaluiert, welches in der Lage ist, mithilfe von KI-Techniken aus Bestandspl{\"a}nen dreidimensionale (3D) Bauwerksmodelle zu rekonstruieren. Bei der Konzeptionierung hat sich eine der großen Herausforderung beim Einsatz von Machine Learning herauskristallisiert. Um KI-Systeme {\"u}berwacht trainieren zu k{\"o}nnen, werden sog. gelabelte Trainingsdaten ben{\"o}tigt. In diesem konkreten Fall Positionspl{\"a}ne, bei denen in einer maschinenlesbaren Form hinterlegt ist, welche Art von Bauteilen an welcher Stelle des Planes dargestellt sind. Damit kann eine KI lernen, selbstst{\"a}ndig unbekannte Pl{\"a}ne zu analysieren und darin Bauteile zu klassifizieren. Diese Daten k{\"o}nnen entweder unter großem Aufwand manuell erstellt werden oder man greift auf synthetische Daten zur{\"u}ck. Synthetische Daten sind k{\"u}nstlich erschaffene Daten, die von ihrer Struktur und ihren Eigenschaften her echte Daten imitieren. Da dabei der Erzeugungsprozess gesteuert wird, lassen sich die ben{\"o}tigten Labels gleichzeitig miterzeugen. Auf diese Weise entsteht sog. Ground Truth Data, also Daten, bei denen man sich sicher sein kann, dass sie korrekt gelabelt sind. F{\"u}r diese Arbeit wurde eine Datenpipeline umgesetzt, die in der Lage ist, synthetische Daten speziell f{\"u}r die Zwecke der Baubranche zu generieren. Mithilfe des Applications Programming Interface von Autodesk Revit wurde eine C\#-Anwendung programmiert, die zufallsgesteuert Modelle erzeugt und anhand dieser Modelle realistische Pl{\"a}ne ableitet. Parallel dazu werden mithilfe der im Modell hinterlegten Bauteilinformationen die f{\"u}r die KI ben{\"o}tigten gelabelten Daten erzeugt. Erste Testl{\"a}ufe mit dem Objekterkennungsframework YOLOv5 waren vielversprechend. Der gew{\"a}hlte Ansatz hat sich somit als flexibel und skalierbar erwiesen, um damit KI-Systeme f{\"u}r bauspezifische Aufgaben - wie die Bauteilerkennung auf Pl{\"a}nen - zu trainieren.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Janes, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Janes, Valentin}, title = {Potenziale des Einsatzes von K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz zur Rezeptentwicklung und Prognose der Eigenschaften von ZFSV}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-7734}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77347}, school = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {61}, abstract = {"Methoden der K{\"u}nstlichen Intelligenz (KI) werden im Bauwesen bereits vielf{\"a}ltig eingesetzt. In den meisten F{\"a}llen sind sie jedoch auf Spezial- oder Forschungsprojekte beschr{\"a}nkt. Die Analyse von geotechnischen Labordaten stellt dabei noch eine Ausnahme dar. Die Hauptgr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r den geringen Einsatz von KI-Anwendungen in der Geotechnik liegen nach Ansicht der Autoren neben dem eingeschr{\"a}nkten Zugang zu geeigneten Daten vor allem an Unsicherheiten im Umgang mit KI-Methoden, insbesondere der Nachvollziehbarkeit."(Ren{\´e} Sonnenberg und M Sc David D{\"o}ring, 2023, S. 1) Aus diesem Grund wird in vorliegender Arbeit das Potenzial des Einsatzes von K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz zur Rezeptentwicklung und Prognose der Eigenschaften von zeitweise fließf{\"a}higen, selbstverdichtenden Verf{\"u}llbaustoffen (ZFSV) untersucht. ZFSV werden haupts{\"a}chlich im Erd- und Tiefbau eingesetzt. Sie sind eine Mischung, welche in der Lage ist, ohne {\"a}ußere Verdichtung unter dem Einfluss von Schwerkraft Hohlr{\"a}ume vollst{\"a}ndig zu f{\"u}llen. Dabei bietet der ZFSV logistische, {\"o}konomische und {\"o}kologische Vorteile gegen{\"u}ber konventionellen Verf{\"u}llmaterialien wie Sand. Aktuelle Forschungsprojekte an der HafenCity Universit{\"a}t (HCU) in Hamburg zeigen, dass ZFSV mit dem Einsatz von Recycling-Materialien noch nachhaltiger hergestellt werden kann (Weidlich, Banushi, B{\"u}schken u. a., 2022, S. 17). Das Ziel der Arbeit ist es, durch Verwendung digitaler Methoden, geotechnische Labordaten zu strukturieren und mittels KI auszuwerten. Die Auswertung mithilfe von K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz erfolgt durch Programmierung einer Anwendung in Python. Mit der Auswertung will man Vorhersagen {\"u}ber die Rezeptur und Eigenschaften von ZFSV treffen. Dadurch ist es m{\"o}glich, den ZFSV ressourcenschonender herzustellen, was gerade angesichts der aktuellen Thematik Nachhaltigkeit im Bausektor und dessen CO2-Bilanz positiv beitragen kann.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WiedererHoengEder, author = {Wiederer, Jonas and H{\"o}ng, Simon and Eder, Friedrich}, title = {Konzept zur KI-gest{\"u}tzten parametrischen Br{\"u}ckenmodellierung f{\"u}r ressourcen- und kostenoptimierte Bauwerksentw{\"u}rfe}, series = {Tagungsband 35. Forum Bauinformatik, 2024, Hamburg}, booktitle = {Tagungsband 35. Forum Bauinformatik, 2024, Hamburg}, editor = {St{\"u}hrenberg, Jan and Al-Zuriqat, Thamer and Chillon Geck, Carlos}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t Hamburg, Institut f{\"u}r Digitales und Autonomes Bauen}, address = {Hamburg}, doi = {10.15480/882.13506}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77922}, pages = {50 -- 57}, abstract = {Br{\"u}ckenbauwerke stellen eine wesentliche Komponente einer soliden Infrastruktur dar. Wegen vernachl{\"a}ssigter Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen und sich ver{\"a}ndernder Anforderungen sind f{\"u}r eine Vielzahl dieser Bauwerke in Deutschland Ersatzneubauten notwendig. Diese Arbeit adressiert die Herausforderungen der Ressourcenverschwendung durch wiederholten Arbeitsaufwand bei individuellen Br{\"u}ckenentw{\"u}rfen f{\"u}r die angesprochenen Bauwerke. Es wird ein parametrisches Entwurfsmodells in Siemens NX entwickelt, um den Entwurfsprozess zu beschleunigen und eine einfache Anpassung an die entsprechenden Rahmenbedingungen zu erm{\"o}glichen. Zudem wird eine effektive Methode zur Anbindung an die Kostenermittlungssoftware RIB iTWO vorgestellt, die eine nachgelagerte Kostenkalkulation nach DIN 276 erm{\"o}glicht. Aufbauend darauf wird ein Optimierungsworkflow vorgestellt, welcher verschiedene Faktoren einbindet, um einen hochwertigen Bauwerksentwurf zu erzielen. Hierbei wird die Einbindung von Techniken aus dem Bereich der K{\"u}nstlichen Intelligenz angestrebt. Die vorgestellte Methodik soll die Wirtschaftlichkeitsbewertung und Entscheidungsfindung f{\"u}r die Realisierung der Br{\"u}ckenentw{\"u}rfe erleichtern und somit zu einer effizienteren Nutzung von Ressourcen im Br{\"u}ckenbau beitragen.}, language = {de} } @misc{Altweck, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Altweck, Ricardo}, title = {Analysing Learning Behaviour in Moodle: A Heuristic and AI-Driven Approach}, address = {Regensburg}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-7921}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79210}, school = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {91}, abstract = {In this thesis, a novel evaluation method to determine the duration of learning sessions and the completion of learning material is introduced. Screen recordings of students' browser sessions are utilised to capture detailed, low-level learner activity in a blended learning environment.The accumulated recordings are analysed to define a continuous completion state for individual learning material, focusing on the exact time a student spends on the material and their activity during this period. The evaluation method is adapted to the type of material, such as PDF documents, quizzes, or video lectures. The results demonstrate the potential of this approach, based on analysis of two distinct time frames: an exam preparation period and a lecture period. Additionally, an AI-driven approach is outlined to further refine the chosen definition of learning material completion.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HomannGrabingerHauseretal., author = {Homann, Alexander and Grabinger, Lisa and Hauser, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {An Eye Tracking Study on MISRA C Coding Guidelines}, series = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, Seeon/Germany, June 19 - 21, 2023}, booktitle = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, Seeon/Germany, June 19 - 21, 2023}, publisher = {ACM}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9956-2}, doi = {10.1145/3593663.3593671}, pages = {130 -- 137}, abstract = {C is one of the most widely used programming languages - MISRA C is one of the most known sets of coding guidelines for C. This paper examines the usefulness and comprehensibility of the MISRA C:2012 guidelines in an eye tracking study. There, subjects encounter non-compliant code in four different code review settings: with no additional reference, with an actual MISRA C guideline, with a case-specific interpretation of a MISRA C guideline, and with a compliant version of the code. The data collected was analyzed not only in terms of the four presentation styles, but also by dividing the subjects into experience levels based on their semesters of study or years of work experience. Regarding the difference between actual and interpreted guidelines, we found that for interpreted guidelines the error detection rate is higher whereas the duration and frequency of visits to the guideline itself are mainly lower. This suggest that the actual guidelines are less useful and more difficult to understand. The former is contradicted by the subjects' opinions: when surveyed, they rated the usefulness of the actual guidelines higher.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HoengEderSchmailzletal., author = {Hoeng, Simon Konrad and Eder, Friedrich and Schmailzl, Marc and Obergrießer, Mathias}, title = {Exploring the Potential of BIM Models for Deriving Synthetic Training Data for Machine Learning Applications, Montreal}, series = {Advances in Information Technology in Civil and Building Engineering, Proceedings of ICCCBE 2024, Volume 2, Simulation and Automation}, booktitle = {Advances in Information Technology in Civil and Building Engineering, Proceedings of ICCCBE 2024, Volume 2, Simulation and Automation}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {9783031873638}, issn = {2366-2557}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-87364-5_5}, pages = {54 -- 63}, abstract = {To increase the efficiency and quality of design and construction tasks, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) offers a way to automate both repetitive and complex tasks. Many of these ML models rely heavily on large amounts of suitable, machine-readable, and labeled training data. Therefore, a variety of conceivable use cases for ML in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry are difficult to implement due to a lack of freely and directly usable training data. The process of manually structuring and labeling existing data is time-consuming and needs in some cases skilled personnel to ensure the quality of the labeled data. Due to these factors, approaches for utilizing artificially generated data, referred to as synthetic data, are becoming more prevalent. Since Building Information Models contain a large amount of information, deriving training data from these models presents an obvious route for generation of this data. There are many ML applications whose implementation is inhibited due to a lack of training data, for which model-based synthetic data offer a possible solution approach. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard provides a powerful exchange format for models independently of their authoring software. Parametric and generative approaches to model creation enable the generation of numerous different building models within a short period of time and with low effort. This paper presents a workflow for automated derivation of synthetic training data from rule-based or parametrically generated models combined with existing IFC datasets as a multimodal data repository. The method is validated by testing automated synthetically labeled image data for a plan detection task, which is carried out with the Object Detection Framework YOLOv8. The suggested workflow has the potential to enhance data accessibility, thereby contributing to the implementation of ML applications in the AEC industry.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EderHoengSchmailzletal., author = {Eder, Friedrich and Hoeng, Simon Konrad and Schmailzl, Marc and Linner, Thomas and Obergrießer, Mathias}, title = {Towards improving data interoperability for the reconstruction of existing buildings}, series = {The 20th conference of the International Society for Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE 2024), August 25 to 28, 2024, Montreal}, booktitle = {The 20th conference of the International Society for Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE 2024), August 25 to 28, 2024, Montreal}, abstract = {Digital representations of buildings are the supporting structures of various use-cases in the emerging field of data-driven decision making. From large scale applications in the context of city planning to the detailed evaluation of critical infrastructure they enable specialists to observe problems, interpret relationships, test solutions virtually and apply them in the real world. This is only feasible if the individual underlying digital model meets the requirements imposed by the analysis at hand. In practice, especially models of existing buildings are not easy to come by as the information describing the existing structure is often scattered across multiple different data sources in various formats. Previous research efforts have outlined methodologies which leverage machine learning, computer vision and subsequent semantic enrichment in order to achieve the (re)construction of such building models. However, these methods are generally not integrated with each other, nor do they consider being able to interface with a shared repository of building related data. In this paper we present a methodology which focuses on establishing a common context for all building related data by utilizing the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema. In particular we focus on utilizing readily available geometric and semantic data originating from geographic information systems as a basis, subsequently referencing additional data sources in their corresponding context and finally outlining interfaces with downstream enrichment processes in both directions. Through incorporating contextualized (IFC) data into the early stages of the remodeling workflow, we outline an end-to-end process from the initial component-based data-acquisition to the as-built building information model. In establishing a standardized foundation for data exchange and collaboration it enables all stakeholders to work more seamlessly across different stages of the remodeling project.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmailzlSaffertKaramaraetal., author = {Schmailzl, Marc and Saffert, Anne-Sophie and Karamara, Merve and Linner, Thomas and Eder, Friedrich and Hoeng, Simon Konrad and Obergrießer, Mathias}, title = {Enhancing Decision-Making for Human-Centered Construction Robotics: A Methodological Framework}, series = {Proceedings of the 41st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2024), 2024, Lille, France}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2024), 2024, Lille, France}, publisher = {IAARC}, isbn = {978-0-6458322-1-1}, doi = {10.22260/ISARC2024/0083}, pages = {637 -- 644}, abstract = {While the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is increasingly aware of the rising demands for productivity and human-centered construction improvements, the holistic adoption of robotics as a fundamental strategy to address these challenges has not yet reached comprehensive fruition. This paper therefore introduces a methodological framework aiming to address the industry's pressing need for a systematic approach for assessing the feasibility of integrating robotics into human-centered construction processes. It aims to enhance decision-making regarding the degree of automation in human-centered construction processes, ranging from partial to full robotization or non-robotization. The framework is characterized by a more holistic end-to-end data-/workflow and therefore adopts a multifaceted approach, leveraging BIM-based planning methodologies and integrating new technologies [e.g., Motion Capturing (MoCap), work process simulation software incorporating Digital Human Models (DHM), self-developed conversion/interfacing software and more] that have not been widely used in the industry to date. Subsequently, the framework is evaluated in a real-life bricklaying construction process to ensure a more application-based approach. Overall, the framework advances current construction processes with a more inclusive and conscious technology infill to empower construction professionals with the workflow and corresponding tools necessary for the practical integration of robotics into human-centered construction processes.}, language = {en} } @article{KopperFuerstenauZimmermannetal., author = {Kopper, Andreas and F{\"u}rstenau, Daniel and Zimmermann, Stephan and Klotz, Stefan and Rentrop, Christopher and Rothe, Hannes and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {Shadow IT and Business-Managed IT: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Illustration}, series = {International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance (IJITBAG)}, volume = {9}, journal = {International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance (IJITBAG)}, number = {2}, publisher = {IGI Global}, doi = {10.4018/IJITBAG.2018070104}, pages = {53 -- 71}, abstract = {Research on Shadow IT is facing a conceptual dilemma in cases where previously "covert" systems developed by business entities are integrated in the organizational IT management. These systems become visible, are thus not "in the shadows" anymore, and subsequently do not fit to existing definitions of Shadow IT. Practice shows that some information systems share characteristics of Shadow IT but are created openly in alignment with the IT organization. This paper proposes the term "Business-managed IT" to describe "overt" information systems developed or managed by business entities and distinguishes it from Shadow IT by illustrating case vignettes. Accordingly,our contribution is to suggest a concept and its delineation against other concepts. In this way, IS researchers interested in IT originated from or maintained by business entities can construct theories with a wider scope of application that are at the same time more specific to practical problems. In addition, the terminology allows to value potentially innovative developments by business entities more adequately.}, subject = {Unternehmen}, language = {en} } @article{BorgFrikelJorgensenetal., author = {Borg, Leise and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and J{\o}rgensen, Jakob Sauer and Quinto, Eric Todd}, title = {Analyzing Reconstruction Artifacts from Arbitrary Incomplete X-ray CT Data}, series = {SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences}, number = {4}, publisher = {SIAM PUBLICATIONS}, doi = {10.1137/18M1166833}, pages = {2786 -- 2814}, abstract = {This article provides a mathematical analysis of singular (nonsmooth) artifacts added to reconstructions by filtered backprojection (FBP) type algorithms for X-ray computed tomography (CT) with arbitrary incomplete data. We prove that these singular artifacts arise from points at the boundary of the data set. Our results show that, depending on the geometry of this boundary, two types of artifacts can arise: object-dependent and object-independent artifacts. Object-dependent artifacts are generated by singularities of the object being scanned, and these artifacts can extend along lines. They generalize the streak artifacts observed in limited-angle tomography. Object-independent artifacts, on the other hand, are essentially independent of the object and take one of two forms: streaks on lines if the boundary of the data set is not smooth at a point and curved artifacts if the boundary is smooth locally. We prove that these streak and curve artifacts are the only singular artifacts that can occur for FBP in the continuous case. In addition to the geometric description of artifacts, the article provides characterizations of their strength in Sobolev scale in certain cases. The results of this article apply to the well-known incomplete data problems, including limited-angle and regionof-interest tomography, as well as to unconventional X-ray CT imaging setups that arise in new practical applications. Reconstructions from simulated and real data are analyzed to illustrate our theorems, including the reconstruction that motivated this work a synchrotron data set in which artifacts appear on lines that have no relation to the object.}, language = {en} } @article{KopperKlotzWestneretal., author = {Kopper, Andreas and Klotz, Stefan and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Shadow IT and Business-managed IT}, series = {Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM)}, volume = {30}, journal = {Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM)}, number = {4}, issn = {1042-1319}, pages = {25}, abstract = {Two concepts describe the autonomous deployment of IT by business entities: Shadow IT and Business-managed IT. Shadow IT is deployed covertly, that is, software, hardware, or IT services created/procured or managed by business entities without alignment with the IT organization. In contrast, Business-managed IT describes the overt deployment of IT, that is, in alignment with the IT organization or in a split responsibility model. The purpose of this paper is to extend the conceptual understanding of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT, comparing the perceptions of 29 CIOs and senior IT managers with the results of a systematic literature review. By doing so, this paper presents a structured and comprehensive view of causing factors, outcomes, and governance of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT in practice. A comparison of academic literature and practitioner perceptions reveals the limitations and gaps of the current research and highlights avenues for future research. The authors find three category-spanning themes occurring as causing factors, outcomes, and—as part of governance measures—factors to improve the IT organization: (1) (Poor) business-IT alignment (2) (lack of) agility, and (3) (lack of) policies. This study is innovative with its comprehensive qualitative interview data that the authors compare to the existing literature. Therefore, the paper brings together theoretical and practical insights into Shadow IT and Businessmanaged IT, which should aid practitioners and scholars in decision making and future research.}, subject = {Corporate Governance}, language = {en} } @article{KaessBrosigWestneretal., author = {K{\"a}ss, Sebastian and Brosig, Christoph and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Short and sweet: multiple mini case studies as a form of rigorous case study research}, series = {Information Systems and e-Business Management}, journal = {Information Systems and e-Business Management}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s10257-024-00674-2}, pages = {34}, abstract = {Case study research is one of the most widely used research methods in Information Systems (IS). In recent years, an increasing number of publications have used case studies with few sources of evidence, such as single interviews per case. While there is much methodological guidance on rigorously conducting multiple case studies, it remains unclear how researchers can achieve an acceptable level of rigour for this emerging type of multiple case study with few sources of evidence, i.e., multiple mini case studies. In this context, we synthesise methodological guidance for multiple case study research from a cross-disciplinary perspective to develop an analytical framework. Furthermore, we calibrate this analytical framework to multiple mini case studies by reviewing previous IS publications that use multiple mini case studies to provide guidelines to conduct multiple mini case studies rigorously. We also offer a conceptual definition of multiple mini case studies, distinguish them from other research approaches, and position multiple mini case studies as a pragmatic and rigorous approach to research emerging and innovative phenomena in IS.}, language = {en} } @article{KlotzKopperWestneretal., author = {Klotz, Stefan and Kopper, Andreas and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Von Schatten-IT zu Business-managed IT: Fachbereichs-IT gezielt gestalten}, series = {Wirtschaftsinformatik \& Management}, volume = {14}, journal = {Wirtschaftsinformatik \& Management}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1867-5913}, doi = {10.1365/s35764-022-00421-7}, pages = {282 -- 287}, abstract = {Fachbereichs-IT, Schatten-IT, Business-managed IT. All diese Begriffe beschreiben IT, die neben den eigentlichen, regul{\"a}ren IT-Systemen oder -Prozessen in Unternehmen existieren und von Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern der Fachbereiche genutzt werden. Im Fall von„Schatten-IT" handelt es sich um IT-Systeme und -Prozesse (IT-Instanzen), die sich ohne Kenntnis der IT-Verantwortlichen etabliert haben; im Fall von„Business-managed IT" entstehen die IT-Systeme und -Prozesse in Kenntnis der bzw. in Abstimmung mit den IT-Verantwortlichen im Unternehmen.„Fachbereichs-IT" subsumiert Schatten-IT und Business-managed IT. Welche Ursachen f{\"u}hren zu solchen IT-Instanzen, welche Potenziale und Risiken haben diese IT-Instanzen und wie lassen sie sich steuern?}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{JoblinApelHunsenetal., author = {Joblin, Mitchell and Apel, Sven and Hunsen, Claus and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Classifying Developers into Core and Peripheral: An Empirical Study on Count and Network Metrics}, series = {2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20-28 May 2017}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20-28 May 2017}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/icse.2017.23}, pages = {164 -- 174}, abstract = {Knowledge about the roles developers play in a software project is crucial to understanding the project's collaborative dynamics. In practice, developers are often classified according to the dichotomy of core and peripheral roles. Typically, count-based operationalizations, which rely on simple counts of individual developer activities (e.g., number of commits), are used for this purpose, but there is concern regarding their validity and ability to elicit meaningful insights. To shed light on this issue, we investigate whether count-based operationalizations of developer roles produce consistent results, and we validate them with respect to developers' perceptions by surveying 166 developers. Improving over the state of the art, we propose a relational perspective on developer roles, using fine-grained developer networks modeling the organizational structure, and by examining developer roles in terms of developers' positions and stability within the developer network. In a study of 10 substantial open-source projects, we found that the primary difference between the count-based and our proposed network-based core-peripheral operationalizations is that the network-based ones agree more with developer perception than count-based ones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a relational perspective can reveal further meaningful insights, such as that core developers exhibit high positional stability, upper positions in the hierarchy, and high levels of coordination with other core developers, which confirms assumptions of previous work.}, language = {en} } @incollection{JaritzMarx, author = {Jaritz, Sabine and Marx, Susanne}, title = {Externe Begleitung f{\"u}r KI-Projekte in KMUs}, series = {KI in der Projektwirtschaft 2: Eine neue {\"A}ra der Effizienz und Innovation}, booktitle = {KI in der Projektwirtschaft 2: Eine neue {\"A}ra der Effizienz und Innovation}, editor = {Bernert, Christian and Scheuerer, Steffen and Wehnes, Harald}, publisher = {UKV}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, isbn = {978-3-381-11141-1}, doi = {10.24053/9783381111428}, pages = {15 -- 25}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Rolle externer Unterst{\"u}tzungsangebote in der Umsetzung von Projekten zur Nutzung von K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im Mittelstand. W{\"a}hrend Großunternehmen Mittel und Ressourcen haben, externe Beratungsleistungen einzukaufen, um sich bei KI-Themen unterst{\"u}tzen zu lassen, so haben kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMUs) diese M{\"o}glichkeit in der Regel nur eingeschr{\"a}nkt. Die Nachfrage nach Support, um f{\"u}r das KI-Zeitalter ger{\"u}stet zu sein, ist auch bei KMUs groß. Der Artikel bietet einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die verschiedenen Anbietergruppen und ihre unterschiedlichen Angebotsformen f{\"u}r KMUs. Dazu werden im ersten Schritt diverse Angebotsformen, wie Wissensvermittlung mit Hilfe von Informationsmaterialien und Veranstaltungen, Erstgespr{\"a}che, Potenzialanalysen, individuelle Beratung bei KI-Projekten und Vernetzung, auf Basis einer Desk-Research erfasst. Im zweiten Schritt wird sich dann auf individuelle Beratung von KMUs als spezifische Angebotsform fokussiert. Durch Tiefeninterviews mit KI-Beratern wird beleuchtet, welche Art von KI-Projekten von KMUs derzeit priorisiert werden und welche zentralen Aufgaben die externen Begleitungen dabei {\"u}bernehmen.}, language = {de} } @article{KlotzKopperWestneretal., author = {Klotz, Stefan and Kopper, Andreas and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Causing factors, outcomes, and governance of Shadow IT and business-managed IT}, series = {International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management}, volume = {7}, journal = {International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management}, number = {1}, issn = {2182-7796}, doi = {10.12821/ijispm070102}, pages = {15 -- 43}, abstract = {Shadow IT and Business-managed IT describe the autonomous deployment/procurement or management of Information Technology (IT) instances, i.e., software, hardware, or IT services, by business entities. For Shadow IT, this happens covertly, i.e., without alignment with the IT organization; for Business-managed IT this happens overtly, i.e., in alignment with the IT organization or in a split responsibility model. We conduct a systematic literature review and structure the identified research themes in a framework of causing factors, outcomes, and governance. As causing factors, we identify enablers, motivators, and missing barriers. Outcomes can be benefits as well as risks/shortcomings of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT. Concerning governance, we distinguish two subcategories: general governance for Shadow IT and Business-managed IT and instance governance for overt Business-managed IT. Thus, a specific set of governance approaches exists for Business-managed IT that cannot be applied to Shadow IT due to its covert nature. Hence, we extend the existing conceptual understanding and allocate research themes to Shadow IT, Business-managed IT, or both concepts and particularly distinguish the governance of the two concepts. Besides, we find that governance themes have been the primary research focus since 2016, whereas older publications (until 2015) focused on causing factors.}, subject = {Betriebliches Informationssystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JoblinMauererApeletal., author = {Joblin, Mitchell and Mauerer, Wolfgang and Apel, Sven and Siegmund, Janet and Riehle, Dirk}, title = {From Developer Networks to Verified Communities: A Fine-Grained Approach}, series = {2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, 16-24 May 2015, Florence, Italy}, booktitle = {2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, 16-24 May 2015, Florence, Italy}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-4799-1934-5}, doi = {10.1109/icse.2015.73}, pages = {563 -- 573}, abstract = {Effective software engineering demands a coordinated effort. Unfortunately, a comprehensive view on developer coordination is rarely available to support software-engineering decisions, despite the significant implications on software quality, software architecture, and developer productivity. We present a fine-grained, verifiable, and fully automated approach to capture a view on developer coordination, based on commit information and source-code structure, mined from version-control systems. We apply methodology from network analysis and machine learning to identify developer communities automatically. Compared to previous work, our approach is fine-grained, and identifies statistically significant communities using order-statistics and a community-verification technique based on graph conductance. To demonstrate the scalability and generality of our approach, we analyze ten open-source projects with complex and active histories, written in various programming languages. By surveying 53 open-source developers from the ten projects, we validate the authenticity of inferred community structure with respect to reality. Our results indicate that developers of open-source projects form statistically significant community structures and this particular view on collaboration largely coincides with developers' perceptions of real-world collaboration.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KlotzWestnerStrahringeretal., author = {Klotz, Stefan and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne and Schieder, Christian}, title = {Transformed Knowledge Sharing Through Business-managed IT and Shadow IT}, series = {Proceedings of the 25th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2019), Canc{\´u}n, Mexiko, August 15-17}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2019), Canc{\´u}n, Mexiko, August 15-17}, publisher = {AIS}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Business-managed IT and Shadow IT describe the autonomous deployment/management of IT instances by business units. For the former, this happens in alignment with the IT organization of the enterprise, for the latter, without alignment. We analyze why and how Business-managed IT and Shadow IT transform knowledge sharing with two case studies drawing on the theoretical lens of the knowledge-based view. Several motivators lead to the autonomous implementation of knowledge management systems (KMSs), for example, shortcomings of existing systems. The implemented KMSs have multiple benefits for knowledge sharing, such as a reduction of knowledge sharing barriers. However, we notice that the Shadow IT KMS leads to challenges for cross-unit knowledge sharing due to the covert nature of Shadow IT. Based on the findings of our case studies, we develop a mid-range theory to explain the transformation of knowledge sharing in enterprises supported by Business-managed IT and Shadow IT.}, language = {en} } @article{JoblinApelMauerer, author = {Joblin, Mitchell and Apel, Sven and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Evolutionary trends of developer coordination: a network approach}, series = {Empirical Software Engineering}, volume = {22}, journal = {Empirical Software Engineering}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s10664-016-9478-9}, pages = {2050 -- 2094}, abstract = {Software evolution is a fundamental process that transcends the realm of technical artifacts and permeates the entire organizational structure of a software project. By means of a longitudinal empirical study of 18 large open-source projects, we examine and discuss the evolutionary principles that govern the coordination of developers. By applying a network-analytic approach, we found that the implicit and self-organizing structure of developer coordination is ubiquitously described by non-random organizational principles that defy conventional software-engineering wisdom. In particular, we found that: (a) developers form scale-free networks, in which the majority of coordination requirements arise among an extremely small number of developers, (b) developers tend to accumulate coordination requirements with more and more developers over time, presumably limited by an upper bound, and (c) initially developers are hierarchically arranged, but over time, form a hybrid structure, in which core developers are hierarchically arranged and peripheral developers are not. Our results suggest that the organizational structure of large projects is constrained to evolve towards a state that balances the costs and benefits of developer coordination, and the mechanisms used to achieve this state depend on the project's scale.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Jaritz, author = {Jaritz, Sabine}, title = {KI in der Projektmanagement-Lehre}, series = {KI in der Projektwirtschaft: Was ver{\"a}ndert sich durch KI im Projektmanagement?}, booktitle = {KI in der Projektwirtschaft: Was ver{\"a}ndert sich durch KI im Projektmanagement?}, editor = {Bernert, Christian and Scheurer, Steffen and Wehnes, Harald}, publisher = {UKV}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, isbn = {978-3-381-11131-2}, doi = {10.24053/9783381111329}, pages = {201 -- 210}, abstract = {Der Artikel besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit dem Einbezug von K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in die Projektmanagement-Lehre an Hochschulen. Um zeitgem{\"a}ße Projektmanagement-Lehre anbieten zu k{\"o}nnen, ist es f{\"o}rderlich, KI in die Lehre einzubeziehen, und so Studierende bei der Entwicklung von Future Skills zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Die Integration von KI in die Lehre wird anhand von vier Handlungsfeldern aufgezeigt. Im Sinne eines Call-to-Action wird ermutigt, KI-bezogene Lernziele explizit zu definieren und diese mit den Pr{\"u}fungsleistungen und den Lehr-/Lernaktivit{\"a}ten entsprechend des vorgestellten didaktischen Ansatzes des Constructive Alignment aufeinander abzustimmen. Es werden drei Good-Practice-Beispiele vorgestellt, die als Anregung dienen sollen. Der Beitrag pl{\"a}diert f{\"u}r Experimente im Zusammenhang mit dem Einsatz von KI in der Lehre. Durch experimentelles Lernen k{\"o}nnen Studierende Kompetenzen im Umgang mit KI aufbauen und sich so auf eine k{\"u}nftige Arbeitswelt vorbereiten, die von Projektarbeit und KI-Unterst{\"u}tzung gepr{\"a}gt sein wird.}, language = {de} } @article{JoblinMauerer, author = {Joblin, Mitchell and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {An Interactive Survey Framework for Validation of Social Network Analysis}, series = {The R Journal}, volume = {8}, journal = {The R Journal}, number = {1}, pages = {149 -- 158}, abstract = {Abstract Social network analysis is extremely well supported by the R community and is routinely used for studying the relationships between people engaged in collaborative activities. While there has been rapid development of new approaches and metrics in this field, the challenging question of validity (how well insights derived from social networks agree with reality) is often difficult to address. We propose the use of several R packages to generate interactive surveys that are specifically well suited for validating social network analyses. Using our web-based survey application, we were able to validate the results of applying community-detection algorithms to infer the organizational structure of software developers contributing to open-source projects.}, language = {en} } @incollection{EttlGreinerKudienkoetal., author = {Ettl, Katrin and Greiner, Nina and Kudienko, Natalie and Lauer, Norina and Lichtenauer, Norbert and Meussling-Sentpali, Annette and Mohr, Christa and Pfingsten, Andrea}, title = {Forschungsdesign Pflege und Therapie im Projekt TePUS}, series = {Digitale Technik f{\"u}r ambulante Pflege und Therapie: Herausforderungen, L{\"o}sungen, Anwendungen und Forschungsperspektiven}, booktitle = {Digitale Technik f{\"u}r ambulante Pflege und Therapie: Herausforderungen, L{\"o}sungen, Anwendungen und Forschungsperspektiven}, editor = {Weber, Karsten and Haug, Sonja and Lauer, Norina and Meussling-Sentpali, Annette and Mohr, Christa and Pfingsten, Andrea and Raptis, Georgios and Bahr, Gudrun}, publisher = {transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-83766235-1}, doi = {10.14361/9783839462355-003}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-55448}, publisher = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {59 -- 78}, abstract = {Beim Projekt DeinHaus 4.0 Oberpfalz - TePUS (Telepr{\"a}senzroboter f{\"u}r die Pflege und Unterst{\"u}tzung von Schlaganfallpatientinnen und -patienten) handelt es sich um eine L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie im Mixed-Methods-Design zur Untersuchung telepr{\"a}senz und appgest{\"u}tzter Angebote aus den Bereichen Pflege, Logop{\"a}die und Physiotherapie.}, subject = {Pflege}, language = {de} } @incollection{EttlLichtenauerMohr, author = {Ettl, Katrin and Lichtenauer, Norbert and Mohr, Christa}, title = {Telenursing bei Schlaganfall}, series = {Digitale Technik f{\"u}r ambulante Pflege und Therapie: Herausforderungen, L{\"o}sungen, Anwendungen und Forschungsperspektiven}, booktitle = {Digitale Technik f{\"u}r ambulante Pflege und Therapie: Herausforderungen, L{\"o}sungen, Anwendungen und Forschungsperspektiven}, editor = {Weber, Karsten and Haug, Sonja and Lauer, Norina and Meussling-Sentpali, Annette and Mohr, Christa and Pfingsten, Andrea and Raptis, Georgios and Bahr, Gudrun}, publisher = {transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-8394-6235-5}, doi = {10.14361/9783839462355-004}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-55458}, publisher = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {79 -- 95}, abstract = {Schlaganfallbetroffene haben oft einen komplexen Unterst{\"u}tzungsbedarf. Der Artikel besch{\"a}ftigt sich damit, welche Telenursing-Anwendungen f{\"u}r das Projekt DeinHaus 4.0 ausgew{\"a}hlt wurden, um Schlaganfallbetroffene dabei zu unterst{\"u}tzen selbstbestimmt zu Hause zu leben.}, subject = {Pflege}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BockMottokKoehler, author = {Bock, T. and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and K{\"o}hler, Thorsten}, title = {A gesture-based human-machine interface using stereoscopic depth images}, series = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, booktitle = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, editor = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Ziemann, Olaf}, publisher = {Shaker}, address = {Aachen}, pages = {166 -- 169}, abstract = {Reasonable integration of gesture-based automotive HMI-functionality offers potential safety benefits by reducing driver distractions and glance times to operate tertiary in-car devices. Stereo camera systems are a well investigated choice to perform the task of generating depth data for spatial gesture recognition. This paper describes the functionality of our stereo vision software, which is intended for application in a target system based on CMOS wafer-level cameras. The retrieved point cloud data was passed to a gesture-based sample application.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LichtenauerMeusslingSentpali, author = {Lichtenauer, Norbert and Meussling-Sentpali, Annette}, title = {Telenursing-Interventionen bei Schlaganfall}, series = {Digitale Technik f{\"u}r ambulante Pflege und Therapie: Herausforderungen, L{\"o}sungen, Anwendungen und Forschungsperspektiven}, booktitle = {Digitale Technik f{\"u}r ambulante Pflege und Therapie: Herausforderungen, L{\"o}sungen, Anwendungen und Forschungsperspektiven}, editor = {Weber, Karsten and Haug, Sonja and Lauer, Norina and Meussling-Sentpali, Annette and Mohr, Christa and Pfingsten, Andrea and Raptis, Georgios and Bahr, Gudrun}, publisher = {transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-8376-6235-1}, doi = {10.1515/9783839462355-005}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-55175}, publisher = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {97 -- 118}, abstract = {Systematische Literatursuche zum Einsatz von Telenursing-Interventionen bei Schlaganfallpatientinnen und Schlaganfallpatienten.}, subject = {Digitalisierung}, language = {de} } @article{LeuschCorstenGiordanoetal., author = {Leusch, Vera and Corsten, Sabine and Giordano, Katharina and Kreiter, Daniel and Lauer, Norina}, title = {App erleichtert Gespr{\"a}che {\"u}ber das Leben}, series = {Aktivieren : das Magazin f{\"u}r die soziale Betreuung}, volume = {8}, journal = {Aktivieren : das Magazin f{\"u}r die soziale Betreuung}, number = {5}, publisher = {Vincentz}, address = {Hannover}, issn = {2364-303X}, pages = {32 -- 35}, abstract = {Das Forschungsteam BaSeTaLK hat gemeinsam mit Menschen im Alter eine App zur Biografiearbeit fr Bewohner:innen in Senioreneinrichtungen entwickelt. Sie bef{\"a}higt insbesondere Ehrenamtliche, biografische Gespr{\"a}che zu f{\"u}hren.}, subject = {Biografieforschung}, language = {de} } @article{EbnerFrikelLorenzetal., author = {Ebner, Andrea and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and Lorenz, Dirk and Schwab, J. and Haltmeier, Markus}, title = {Regularization of inverse problems by filtered diagonal frame decomposition}, series = {Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis}, volume = {62}, journal = {Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis}, number = {January}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.acha.2022.08.005}, pages = {66 -- 83}, abstract = {Inverse problems are at the heart of many practical problems such as image reconstruction or nondestructive testing. A characteristic feature is their instability with respect to data perturbations. To stabilize the inversion process, regularization methods must be developed and applied. In this paper, we introduce the concept of filtered diagonal frame decomposition, which extends the classical filtered SVD to the case of frames. The use of frames as generalized singular systems allows a better match to a given class of potential solutions and is also beneficial for problems where the SVD is not analytically available. We show that filtered diagonal frame decompositions yield convergent regularization methods, derive convergence rates under source conditions and prove order optimality. Our analysis applies to bounded and unbounded forward operators. As a practical application of our tools, we study filtered diagonal frame decompositions for inverting the Radon transform as an unbounded operator on L2(R2).}, language = {en} } @article{MaierGrabingerUrlhartetal., author = {Maier, Robert and Grabinger, Lisa and Urlhart, David and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Causal Models to Support Scenario-Based Testing of ADAS}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {1524-9050}, doi = {10.1109/TITS.2023.3317475}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {In modern vehicles, system complexity and technical capabilities are constantly growing. As a result, manufacturers and regulators are both increasingly challenged to ensure the reliability, safety, and intended behavior of these systems. With current methodologies, it is difficult to address the various interactions between vehicle components and environmental factors. However, model-based engineering offers a solution by allowing to abstract reality and enhancing communication among engineers and stakeholders. Applying this method requires a model format that is machine-processable, human-understandable, and mathematically sound. In addition, the model format needs to support probabilistic reasoning to account for incomplete data and knowledge about a problem domain. We propose structural causal models as a suitable framework for addressing these demands. In this article, we show how to combine data from different sources into an inferable causal model for an advanced driver-assistance system. We then consider the developed causal model for scenario-based testing to illustrate how a model-based approach can improve industrial system development processes. We conclude this paper by discussing the ongoing challenges to our approach and provide pointers for future work.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KristenEnglMottok, author = {Kristen, Meret and Engl, Fabian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Enhancing Phishing Detection: An Eye-Tracking Study on User Interaction and Oversights in Phishing Emails}, series = {SECURWARE 2024 : The Eighteenth International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies, November 03-07, 2024, Nice, France}, booktitle = {SECURWARE 2024 : The Eighteenth International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies, November 03-07, 2024, Nice, France}, publisher = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-206-7}, pages = {71 -- 80}, abstract = {Phishing remains a significant threat to organizational security, necessitating effective countermeasures. This paper presents findings from an in-depth eye-tracking study with 103 participants, evaluating the effectiveness of phishing awareness tools and trainings. The study examines how a phishing awareness system influences user behavior, efficiency, and the ability to identify phishing attempts. By analyzing eye movements, the study reveals real-time interactions and oversights, providing insights into the decision-making process. Results indicate that while the system improves the efficiency of users already proficient in phishing detection, it does not universally enhance recognition rates. Notably, participants using the tool spent significantly less time looking at attachment-related phishing markers, indicating partial efficiency improvements. Since phishing attempts containing suspicious attachments were successful in 19\% of cases, as compared to an overall phishing success rate of 15\%, the phishing awareness tool is particularly useful here. A usability evaluation revealed that users reporting a higher perceived usability score profited more from the help of the tool. Additionally, no improvement in phishing detection rates was observed in users who had completed prior IT-security training, highlighting the necessity for a paradigm shift in phishing training to adequately prepare users for phishing attempts.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StauferHauserGrabingeretal., author = {Staufer, Susanne and Hauser, Florian and Grabinger, Lisa and Bittner, Dominik and Nadimpalli, Vamsi Krishna and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Learning elements in online learning management systems}, series = {Proceedings of the 16th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2023), Seville, Spain, 11/13/2023 - 11/14/2023}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2023), Seville, Spain, 11/13/2023 - 11/14/2023}, editor = {G{\´o}mez Chova, Luis and Gonz{\´a}lez Mart{\´i}nez, Chelo and Lees, Joanna}, publisher = {IATED}, doi = {10.21125/iceri.2023.0815}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-67725}, pages = {3121 -- 3130}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GoeppelFrikelHaltmeier, author = {G{\"o}ppel, Simon and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and Haltmeier, Markus}, title = {Data-proximal Neural Networks for Limited-view CT}, series = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2025 : Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, Regensburg March 09-11, 2025}, booktitle = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2025 : Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, Regensburg March 09-11, 2025}, editor = {Palm, Christoph and Breininger, Katharina and Deserno, Thomas M. and Handels, Heinz and Maier, Andreas and Maier-Hein, Klaus H. and Tolxdorff, Thomas M.}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-47421-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-47422-5_41}, pages = {185 -- 190}, abstract = {Limited-angle computed tomography (CT) requires solving an inverse problem that is both ill-conditioned and underdetermined. In recent years, learned reconstruction methods have proven highly effective in addressing this challenge. Most of these methods follow a two-step process: first, an initial reconstruction method is applied to the data to generate an auxiliary reconstruction; second, a neural network is used to map the auxiliary reconstruction closer to the ground truth images. However, when applied to unseen data, there are no guarantees that the network's output will remain consistent with the available measurement data. To address this, we recently introduced a data-proximal network architecture. In this paper, we implement this approach for limited-angle CT and compare its performance with a standard residual network and a null space network.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SeligBauerFrikeletal., author = {Selig, Tim and Bauer, Patrick and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and M{\"a}rz, Thomas and Storath, Martin and Weinmann, Andreas}, title = {Two-stage Approach for Low-dose and Sparse-angle CT Reconstruction using Backprojection}, series = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2025 (BVM 2025): Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, Regensburg March 09-11, 2025}, booktitle = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2025 (BVM 2025): Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, Regensburg March 09-11, 2025}, editor = {Palm, Christoph and Breininger, Katharina and Deserno, Thomas M. and Handels, Heinz and Maier, Andreas and Maier-Hein, Klaus H. and Tolxdorff, Thomas M.}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-47421-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-47422-5_67}, pages = {286 -- 291}, abstract = {This paper presents a novel two-stage approach for computed tomography (CT) reconstruction, focusing on sparse-angle and low-dose setups to minimize radiation exposure while maintaining high image quality. Two-stage approaches consist of an initial reconstruction followed by a neural network for image refinement. In the initial reconstruction, we apply the backprojection (BP) instead of the traditional filtered backprojection (FBP). This enhances computational speed and offers potential advantages for more complex geometries, such as fan-beam and cone-beam CT. Additionally, BP addresses noise and artifacts in sparse-angle CT by leveraging its inherent noise-smoothing effect, which reduces streaking artifacts common in FBP reconstructions. For the second stage, we fine-tune the DRUNet proposed by Zhang et al. to further improve reconstruction quality. We call our method BP-DRUNet and evaluate its performance on a synthetically generated ellipsoid dataset alongside thewell-established LoDoPaBCT dataset. Our results show that BP-DRUNet produces competetive results in terms of PSNR and SSIM metrics compared to the FBP-based counterpart, FBPDRUNet, and delivers visually competitive results across all tested angular setups.}, language = {en} } @article{MartererRadouchovaSoukupetal., author = {Marterer, Verena and Radouchov{\´a}, Michaela and Soukup, Radek and Hipp, Susanne and Blecha, Tom{\´a}š}, title = {Wearable textile antennas: investigation on material variants, fabrication methods, design and application}, series = {Fashion and Textiles}, volume = {11}, journal = {Fashion and Textiles}, publisher = {Springer Open}, doi = {10.1186/s40691-023-00369-1}, abstract = {With the ongoing miniaturization of wireless devices, the importance of wearable textiles in the antenna segment has increased significantly in recent years. Due to the widespread utilization of wireless body sensor networks for healthcare and ubiquitous applications, the design of wearable antennas offers the possibility of comprehensive monitoring, communication, and energy harvesting and storage. This article reviews a number of properties and benefits to realize comprehensive background information and application ideas for the development of lightweight, compact and low-cost wearable patch antennas. Furthermore, problems and challenges that arise are addressed. Since both electromagnetic and mechanical specifications must be fulfilled, textile and flexible antennas require an appropriate trade-off between materials, antenna topologies, and fabrication methods—depending on the intended application and environmental factors. This overview covers each of the above issues, highlighting research to date while correlating antenna topology, feeding techniques, textile materials, and contacting options for the defined application of wearable planar patch antennas.}, language = {en} } @misc{HornPippigRaptisetal., author = {Horn, L. C and Pippig, S. and Raptis, Georgios and Fischer, Uta and Kohler, U. and Hentschel, Bettina and Martin, Rosemarie}, title = {00083 PAI-1 AND UFA AS PARAMETERS OF TUMORASSOCIATED PROTEOLYSIS IN CERVICAL CARCINOMA}, series = {International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer}, volume = {15}, journal = {International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer}, number = {Suppl 2}, publisher = {BMJ}, issn = {1048-891X}, doi = {10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200509001-00083}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FranzZuritaDiefenthaleretal., author = {Franz, Maja and Zurita, P{\´i}a and Diefenthaler, Markus and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Co-Design of Quantum Hardware and Algorithms in Nuclear and High Energy Physics}, series = {EPJ Web of Conferences}, volume = {295}, booktitle = {EPJ Web of Conferences}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, doi = {10.1051/epjconf/202429512002}, abstract = {Quantum computing (QC) has emerged as a promising technology, and is believed to have the potential to advance nuclear and high energy physics (NHEP) by harnessing quantum mechanical phenomena to accelerate computations. In this paper, we give a brief overview of the current state of quantum computing by highlighting challenges it poses and opportunities it offers to the NHEP community. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, while limited by imperfections and small scale, may hold promise for near-term quantum advantages when coupled with co-designed quantum algorithms and special-purpose quantum processing units (QPUs). We explore various applications in NHEP, including quantum simulation, event classification, and realtime experiment control, emphasising the potential of variational quantum circuits and related techniques. To identify current interests of the community, we perform an analysis of recent literature in NHEP related to QC.}, language = {en} } @article{PolzGlawionGebissoetal., author = {Polz, Julius and Glawion, Luca and Gebisso, Hiob and Altenstrasser, Lukas and Graf, Maximilian and Kunstmann, Harald and Vogl, Stefanie and Chwala, Christian}, title = {Temporal Super-Resolution, Ground Adjustment, and Advection Correction of Radar Rainfall Using 3-D-Convolutional Neural Networks}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, volume = {62}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2024.3371577}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Weather radars are highly sophisticated tools for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) and provide observations with unmatched spatial representativeness. However, their indirect measurement of precipitation high above ground leads to strong systematic errors compared to direct rain gauge measurements. Additionally, the temporal undersampling from 5-min instantaneous radar measurements requires advection correction. We present ResRadNet, a 3-D-convolutional residual neural network approach, to reduce these errors and, at the same time, increase the temporal resolution of the radar rainfall fields by a 5-min short-range prediction of 1-min time-steps. The network is trained to process spatiotemporal sequences of radar rainfall estimates from a composite product derived from 17 C-band weather radars in Germany. In contrast to previous approaches, we present a method that emphasizes the generation of spatiotemporally consistent and advection-corrected country-wide rainfall maps. Our approach significantly increased the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of the radar product (from 0.63 to 0.74) and decreased the root mean squared error (mse) by 22\% when compared to 247 rain gauges at a 5-min resolution. An additional large-scale comparison to eight years of data from 1138 independent manual daily gauges confirmed that the improvement is robust and transferable to new locations. Overall, our study shows the benefits of using 3-D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for weather radar rainfall estimation to provide 1-min, ground-adjusted, that is, bias-corrected with respect to on-ground sensors, and advection-corrected radar rainfall estimates.}, language = {en} }