@inproceedings{HantschWestner, author = {Hantsch, Carolin and Westner, Markus}, title = {Governance of IT/OT Convergence: A Review of Academic and Practitioner Literature}, series = {16th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS) 2024, Proceedings, October 3rd to 5th, 2024, Porto, Portugal}, booktitle = {16th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS) 2024, Proceedings, October 3rd to 5th, 2024, Porto, Portugal}, publisher = {AIS eLibrary}, isbn = {978-989-33-6886-2}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-7833}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78335}, pages = {16}, abstract = {The convergence, i.e., integration, of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) is a critical aspect of digital transformation in industries, driving efficiency, innovation, and competitive advantage. However, this integration also introduces significant challenges, particularly in governance. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of IT/OT convergence, focusing on the governance challenges and strategies drawn from both academic and practitioner literature. The findings reveal that effective governance is crucial for successful IT/OT convergence, requiring clear definitions of roles and responsibilities, cross-functional collaboration, and a unified approach to mitigate risks and align organizational goals. Key IT/OT convergence governance strategies include establishing a Center of Excellence, adopting a risk-based approach, and fostering a culture of change. The paper highlights the need for further research to develop comprehensive governance frameworks and empirically examine the impact of governance on IT/OT convergence success. This paper provides valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners navigating the complexities of IT/OT convergence and governance in the era of Industry 4.0.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GrabingerMottok, author = {Grabinger, Lisa and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {On selecting hypothesis tests for group differences}, series = {ICERI2024 Proceedings: 17th Annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 11th-13th November 2024, Seville, Spain}, booktitle = {ICERI2024 Proceedings: 17th Annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 11th-13th November 2024, Seville, Spain}, publisher = {IATED}, doi = {10.21125/iceri.2024.0272}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78200}, pages = {702 -- 712}, abstract = {Deciding on the right method of analyzing empirical research data can be difficult - especially when it comes to choosing specific methods of inferential statistics, where there is often not one right way, but a variety of valid options (e.g., using an ANOVA or its non-parametric alternative for data that is not perfectly normally distributed). Novice researchers not only lack the experience to know when a particular hypothesis test is appropriate, but struggle to find suitable literature to familiarize themselves (i.e., literature that is not too superficial, yet comprehensible). With the present article we provide a remedy following the didactic method of scaffolding: We present a systematization of the most elementary inferential statistical methods, namely hypothesis tests for group differences. We start by explaining basic terms (e.g., independent variable) and then give step-by-step instructions for choosing a proper hypothesis test based on data properties, implementing it from scratch, and reporting or interpreting its results. With these practical cookbook-like guidelines, this article serves as a concise starting point for young researchers entering the field of empirical research, as a valuable resource for their instructors, and as a basis for automating statistical procedures in a software system.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SpaethWestner, author = {Sp{\"a}th, Carina and Westner, Markus}, title = {Challenges in Agile Transformations: A Comprehensive Review}, series = {16th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS) 2024, Proceedings, October 3rd to 5th, 2024, Porto, Portugal}, booktitle = {16th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS) 2024, Proceedings, October 3rd to 5th, 2024, Porto, Portugal}, publisher = {AIS eLibrary}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-7832}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78320}, pages = {18}, abstract = {This paper investigates the challenges organizations face during agile transformations, a critical adaptation in today's fast-paced business environment. Despite the potential benefits, many companies struggle with the implementation of agile methodologies. Through a systematic literature review of recent publications, we identify and categorize 19 challenges into three main areas: people, leadership, and organisation/processes. Our findings highlight that the most significant issues arise within the 'people' category, including plan-driven thinking, lack of knowledge, and inefficient collaboration. Leadership challenges involve insufficient management support and cultural mismatches, while organisation/process-related issues encompass inadequate planning and coordination. By synthesizing these challenges, this study provides a comprehensive overview aimed at helping practitioners anticipate and mitigate potential obstacles, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful agile transformations. These insights extend existing knowledge and emphasize the need for a holistic approach to manage the people, the leadership, and the organisation/process challenges of agile transformation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WestnerCuestaGorostidiGutierrezRodriguezetal., author = {Westner, Markus and Cuesta Gorostidi, Irene and Gutierrez Rodriguez, Uxue and Oyarbide-Zubillaga, Aitor and Fern{\´a}ndez Rodr{\´i}guez, Isabel}, title = {Enhancing work-based learning through the i-wobal project and its digital school of work-based learning (WBL) facilitators}, series = {17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI2024), Seville, Spain. 11-13 November, 2024}, booktitle = {17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI2024), Seville, Spain. 11-13 November, 2024}, publisher = {IATED}, address = {Sevilla}, isbn = {978-84-09-63010-3}, issn = {2340-1095}, doi = {10.21125/iceri.2024}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78459}, pages = {10}, abstract = {The i-WOBAL project, supported by Erasmus+, strategically enhances work-based learning (WBL) in higher education and vocational training across Europe, with a particular focus on supporting the professional development of company and academic facilitators of students engaged in WBL environments. This initiative launches the i-WOBAL didactical guide, together with the establishment of the digital school of WBL facilitators, a digital learning space designed to translate the theoretical framework of the guide into practical, actionable strategies for facilitators. The project is the result of the coordinated work of a consortium of 7 higher education and vocational training institutions from 5 different European countries. The digital school of WBL facilitators serves as a training hub where facilitators from both academic institutions and the business sector receive specialised training to effectively guide and support students. The digital school offers a structured curriculum, including modules on relevant soft skills, to ensure that facilitators are well equipped to manage and enhance the WBL experience for students. This paper describes the curriculum and pedagogical approaches of the digital school of WBL facilitators, its role in facilitating the practical application of WBL strategies and the collaboration of the partners to bring in their unique expertise. The collaborative nature of the i-WOBAL project, involving a consortium of European educational and corporate institutions, promotes a shared culture of best practice and continuous innovation in WBL. The potential scalability of this model offers significant implications for future educational policies aimed at standardising and improving the facilitation of WBL across different educational systems and market environments.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SpaethWestner, author = {Sp{\"a}th, Carina and Westner, Markus}, title = {Navigating Agile Transformations}, series = {SaudiCIS 2024 Proceedings:1st Saudi Conference on Information Systems, November 19 to 21, 2024, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia}, booktitle = {SaudiCIS 2024 Proceedings:1st Saudi Conference on Information Systems, November 19 to 21, 2024, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia}, publisher = {Association for Information Systems Electronic Library}, address = {Dhahran}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78700}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {This study investigates how companies overcome challenges in agile transformations. Through interviews with ten experts from German companies across different industries, we identify key drivers, challenges, and success factors. Our findings reveal inefficiency, mimetic isomorphism, and competitive pressure as primary transformation drivers. We categorize challenges and solutions into people, organizational, and process-related factors, emphasizing the central role of human elements. The study presents 14 key success factors, with management involvement, commitment to agility, and strategic staffing emerging as crucial. These insights provide a framework for understanding and implementing agile transformations, offering guidance for organizations. Our results contribute to both theoretical understanding and practical application of agile methodologies in corporate settings.}, language = {en} } @article{WestnerReichenederMatschi, author = {Westner, Markus and Reicheneder, Matthias and Matschi, Markus}, title = {From Captive Centers to Global Integration}, series = {Information Resources Management Journal}, volume = {38}, journal = {Information Resources Management Journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {IGI Global}, issn = {1533-7979}, doi = {10.4018/IRMJ.373322}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-80406}, pages = {25}, abstract = {Contemporary developments in virtual work and global talent management are transforming information technology (IT) nearshoring and offshoring practices, yet research on organizational responses remains limited. Through expert interviews with 33 IT executives (76\% chief information officers) from Germany's top 500 companies, this article examines organizational models, strategies, and good practices in IT nearshoring and offshoring. It reveals a shift from traditional captive centers toward fully integrated global teams, enabling high-value task delivery and reflecting increased workforce maturity. Companies are expanding their operations driven by talent needs rather than cost savings, with success factors including employee integration and robust on-site management. This study contributes to theory and practice by providing a framework for understanding organizational models in global IT delivery and offering actionable insights for executives, emphasizing workforce integration over geographical separation.}, subject = {Offshoring}, language = {en} } @article{GrabingerHauserMottok, author = {Grabinger, Lisa and Hauser, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {On the perception of graph layouts}, series = {Journal of Software: Evolution and Process}, journal = {Journal of Software: Evolution and Process}, publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1002/smr.2599}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-62973}, abstract = {In the field of software engineering, graph-based models are used for a variety of applications. Usually, the layout of those graphs is determined at the discretion of the user. This article empirically investigates whether different layouts affect the comprehensibility or popularity of a graph and whether one can predict the perception of certain aspects in the graph using basic graphical laws from psychology (i.e., Gestalt principles). Data on three distinct layouts of one causal graph is collected from 29 subjects using eye tracking and a print questionnaire. The evaluation of the collected data suggests that the layout of a graph does matter and that the Gestalt principles are a valuable tool for assessing partial aspects of a layout.}, language = {en} } @article{ScharfHaugRitthaleretal., author = {Scharf, Anna and Haug, Sonja and Ritthaler, Markus and Raptis, Georgios}, title = {Chancen und Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung bei der Rehabilitation - Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Rehabilitationseinrichtungen}, series = {Die Rehabilitation: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Praxis und Forschung in der Rehabilitation}, volume = {62}, journal = {Die Rehabilitation: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Praxis und Forschung in der Rehabilitation}, number = {5}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, doi = {10.1055/a-2123-1566}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-64726}, pages = {299 -- 307}, abstract = {Ziel der Studie: Ziel der Studie ist die Messung des Stands der Digitalisierung und die mit einer Anbindung an die Telematikinfrastruktur verbundenen Chancen und Herausforderungen f{\"u}r Rehabilitationseinrichtungen. Methodik: Teilstandardisierte Online-Befragung bei Tr{\"a}gern von Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Bayern (n=33). Der Fragebogen mit 36 Fragen beinhaltet eine leicht ver{\"a}nderte Skala auf Basis des „Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM)". Ergebnisse: Der Digitalisierungsgrad wurde in 70 Prozent der Rehabilitationseinrichtungen mit Stufe 0 angegeben (Stufenmodell bis 7). Die {\"U}bermittlung patientenbezogener Daten (Eingang und Ausgang) erfolgt h{\"a}ufig analog, wohingegen die Verarbeitung innerhalb der Einrichtung in vielen F{\"a}llen bereits {\"u}berwiegend digital ist. Beim Anschluss an die Telematikinfrastruktur wird hoher Aufwand bei der Installation, aber auch der Schulung des Personals und der Anpassung der Arbeitsorganisation gesehen. Schlussfolgerung: Durch {\"A}nderung der gesetzlich-finanziellen Lage in Deutschland er{\"o}ffnen sich f{\"u}r Rehabilitationseinrichtungen neue M{\"o}glichkeiten einer verst{\"a}rkten Digitalisierung. H{\"u}rden h{\"a}ngen mit Anforderungen an IT-Sicherheit, Schulung des Personals und sowie dem ebenfalls geringen Digitalisierungsstand bei Krankenh{\"a}usern und {\"A}rzt*innen sowie Patient*innen zusammen, die eine digitale Daten{\"u}bermittlung erschweren.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{StadtlerNitaDuennweber, author = {Stadtler, Timo and Nita, Spyro and D{\"u}nnweber, Jan}, title = {A Parallel Hybrid Genetic Search for the Capacitated VRP with Pickup and Delivery}, series = {34th International Workshop, LCPC 2021, Newark, DE, USA, October 13-14, 2021}, booktitle = {34th International Workshop, LCPC 2021, Newark, DE, USA, October 13-14, 2021}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-6985}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-69854}, abstract = {In the realm of parallel computing, optimization plays a pivotal role in achieving efficient and scalable solutions. In this work, we present the parallelization of a hybrid genetic search for solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickup and Delivery (CVRPPD).It leverages the synergy between genetic algorithms and parallel computing to address the complex optimization problem. This hybrid algorithm combines a customized version of local search with a genetic algorithm to compute an effective solution. Our implementation makes use of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) for data distribution and parallel execution. In addition, we run multi-threaded processes on NVIDIA graphical processors using the CUDA technology, which further increases the computation speed and consequently minimizes the runtime. Parallelization also allows the best-improvement strategy to be used instead of the rst-improvement strategy while maintaining the same runtime. We store the resulting routes in a bus route database which we created as the basis of an extensive library of optimal routes for our specifc use case of optimizing bus routes in a rural area. The experimental results on real road data show that the parallel implementation of the Hybrid Genetic Search (HGS) achieves significant improvements in runtime over the sequential implementation above a certain problem size. We believe that our implementation of the parallel hybrid genetic search method can have a great in influence on optimization strategies in parallel computing and can also be applied to other subproblems of the VRP.}, language = {en} } @article{Westner, author = {Westner, Markus}, title = {Low-Code/No-Code: Citizen Developers and the Surprising Future of Business Applications}, series = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, journal = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1436-3011}, doi = {10.1365/s40702-024-01106-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-74906}, pages = {1067 -- 1069}, language = {en} } @article{AltmannSchleglVolbert, author = {Altmann, Matthias and Schlegl, Peter and Volbert, Klaus}, title = {A low-power wireless system for energy consumption analysis at mains sockets}, series = {EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems}, journal = {EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1186/s13639-016-0041-y}, pages = {18}, abstract = {Introduction: Improving energy efficiency and reducing energy wastage is an important topic of our time. But it is quite difficult to figure out how much of our total electricity bill can be mapped to which device or at what time the device used it. We believe energy efficiency of normal households can be improved, if this kind of transparency would be available. In this article, we present a system for energy measurement at mains sockets to gain a transparent view of energy consumption for each device in a household. It consists of several smart energy measuring devices (SEMDs) that use a low-power radio protocol to dynamically build and connect to a radio network to transfer power usage date to a server. At the server, the data is stored and can be accessed via web interface. Results: Our primary goal was to build a back-end system for an energy metering platform with very low energy consumption. This platform can provide data for a variety of services that enables users (the consumers) to understand and improve their energy consumption behavior and increase overall energy efficiency of their households.}, language = {en} }