@inproceedings{Galka, author = {Galka, Stefan}, title = {Untersuchung von Auftragsfreigabestrategien f{\"u}r mehrzonige Kommissioniersysteme im Online-Lebensmittelhandel}, series = {ASIM SST 2022 Proceedings Langbeitr{\"a}ge, 26. ASIM Symposium Simulationstechnik: 25.07.-27.07.2022, TU Wien}, volume = {2022}, booktitle = {ASIM SST 2022 Proceedings Langbeitr{\"a}ge, 26. ASIM Symposium Simulationstechnik: 25.07.-27.07.2022, TU Wien}, publisher = {ARGESIM Verlag}, address = {Wien}, organization = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik. Arbeitskreis f{\"u}r Simulation in der Fertigungstechnik}, isbn = {978-3-901608-97-1}, doi = {10.11128/arep.20.a2021}, pages = {23 -- 30}, abstract = {This paper briefly presents the challenges for order control and release of multi-zone order picking systems. On the one hand, the order control must ensure that all orders are processed on time, and on the other hand, the space requirements (buffer) and the utilisation of the zones must be considered. Within the framework of a case study, different strategies for order release were developed. The paper shortly describes the ideas of the strategies and presents results of a case-based simulative evaluation of the strategies. The findings of the simulation study are the basis for the development of a digital twin for the operational control of multi-zone picking systems.}, subject = {Simulation}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FischerNeubauerHackenberg, author = {Fischer, Sebastian and Neubauer, Katrin and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {A Study about the Different Categories of IoT in Scientific Publications}, series = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2020: the Eleventh International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs and Virtualization, October 25-29, 2020, Nizza}, booktitle = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2020: the Eleventh International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs and Virtualization, October 25-29, 2020, Nizza}, publisher = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-61208-778-8}, pages = {24 -- 30}, abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used as a synonym for nearly every connected device. This makes it really difficult to find the right kind of scientific publication for the intended category of IoT. Conferences and other events for IoT are confusing about the target group (consumer, enterprise, industrial, etc.) and standardisation organisations suffer from the same problem. To demonstrate these problems, this paper shows the results of an analyses over IoT publications in different research libraries. The number of results for IoT, consumer, enterprise and industrial search queries were evaluated and a manual study about 100 publications was done. According to the research library or search engine, different results about the distribution of consumer-, enterprise- and industrial- IoT are visible. The comparison with the results of the manual evaluation shows that some search queries do not show all desired publications or that considerably more, unwanted results are returned. Most researchers do not use the keywords right and the exact category of IoT can only be accessed via the abstract. This shows major problems with the use of the term IoT and its minor limitations.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaimerlTschernitzSchilleretal., author = {Haimerl, Simon and Tschernitz, Christoph and Schiller, Tobias and Weig, Christoph and Briem, Ulrich and Galka, Stefan}, title = {Development of a Simulation Framework for Urban Ropeway Systems and Analysis of the Planned Ropeway Network in Regensburg, Germany}, series = {Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 11-14 Dec. 2022, Singapore}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 11-14 Dec. 2022, Singapore}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-6654-7661-4}, doi = {10.1109/WSC57314.2022.10015510}, pages = {1413 -- 1424}, abstract = {To evaluate the performance of a ropeway in an urban environment, simulations of the dynamic passenger transport characteristics are required. Therefore, a modular simulation model for urban ropeway networks was developed, which can be flexibly adapted to any city and passenger volume. This simulation model was used to analyze the ropeway network concept of the German city Regensburg and to determine the expected operating conditions. The passenger volume, different types of persons, their occurrence probability and their destination distribution is depending on the location and daytime and can be defined for each individual station. In an initial analysis, the number of passengers currently occurring in bus traffic were projected onto the ropeway network. To enable climate-friendly and efficient operation, different strategies were developed to significantly reduce the number of gondolas. The best fitting strategies resulted in significant cost savings while passenger comfort, as represented by queue time, remained unchanged.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FolgerHachaniFuxenetal., author = {Folger, Fabian and Hachani, Murad and Fuxen, Philipp and Graf, Julian and Fischer, Sebastian and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {A Transformer-Based Framework for Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Time Series}, series = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2025, The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, April 06, 2025 to April 10, 2025, Valencia, Spain}, booktitle = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2025, The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, April 06, 2025 to April 10, 2025, Valencia, Spain}, publisher = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-258-6}, issn = {2308-4294}, pages = {52 -- 57}, abstract = {This paper introduces a comprehensive Transformer-based architecture for anomaly detection in multivariate time series. Using self-attention, the framework efficiently processes high-dimensional sensor data without extensive feature engineering, enabling early detection of unusual patterns to prevent critical system failures. In a subsequent laboratory setup, the framework will be applied using fuzzing techniques to induce anomalies in an Electronic Control Unit, while monitoring side channels, such as temperature, voltage, and Controller Area Network messages. The overall structure of the architecture, as well as the necessary preprocessing steps, such as temporal aggregation and classification up to the optimization of the hyperparameters of the model, are presented. The evaluation of the model architecture with the postulated restrictions shows that the model handles anomaly scenarios in the dataset robustly. It is necessary to evaluate the extent to which the model can be used in practical applications in areas, such as cloud environments or the industrial Internet of Things. Overall, the results highlight the potential of Transformer models for the automated and reliable monitoring of complex time series data for deviations.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GalkaSchmid, author = {Galka, Stefan and Schmid, Florian}, title = {Initialization of Simulation-Based Digital Twins for Internal Transport Systems}, series = {IFAC-PapersOnLine}, volume = {58}, booktitle = {IFAC-PapersOnLine}, number = {19}, editor = {Schlund, Sebastian and Ansari, Fazel}, address = {Wien}, organization = {International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC)}, issn = {2405-8963}, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.09.127}, pages = {1084 -- 1089}, abstract = {To support operational decisions using simulation-based digital twins, it is crucial to synchronize the simulation model quickly and accurately with the load state in the real system. This minimizes the typical transient behavior of material flow simulations to a short period of time. This paper presents a concept for initializing a simulation model using the example of a distribution center that uses SAP EWM as a warehouse management system. As part of a study, the influence of the presented initialization concept on the simulation models' transient behavior is investigated. The simulation model used as a reference is in an 'empty' load state at the beginning of the simulation. The study results indicate that the proposed approach can significantly shorten the transient behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{GalkaFollathBross, author = {Galka, Stefan and Follath, Alexander and Bross, Florian}, title = {Vorgehensmodell zur Erstellung Digitaler Zwillinge f{\"u}r Produktion und Logistik}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb}, volume = {117}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb}, number = {11}, editor = {Bauer, Wilhelm and Volk, Wolfram and Z{\"a}h, Michael}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1515/zwf-2022-1127}, pages = {691 -- 696}, abstract = {Der Digitale Zwilling (DZ) ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Industrie 4.0 und erm{\"o}glicht Anwendungen wie Predictive Maintenance, virtuelles Prototyping oder die Steuerung von Produktions- und Logistikprozessen. Herausforderungen bei der Entwicklung des Digitalen Zwillings entstehen durch fehlende Struktur und Standards. Mit diesem Beitrag soll ein Vorgehensmodell f{\"u}r die Erstellung eines Digitalen Zwillings im Bereich der Produktion und Logistik aufgezeigt werden. Das Vorgehensmodell hilft bei der Einordnung, f{\"u}r welche Anwendungsf{\"a}lle ein Digitaler Zwilling entwickelt werden kann, welche Schritte bei einer Umsetzung erfolgen m{\"u}ssen, und gibt einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Voraussetzungen und Komplexit{\"a}t bei der Entwicklung. Das zentrale Element bildet dabei die zielgerichtete Aufbereitung und Analyse der zugrunde liegenden Daten mittels des in der Industrie etablierten Vorgehensmodell CRISP-DM.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BuchmannSchwaegerlPeinl, author = {Buchmann, Thomas and Schw{\"a}gerl, Felix and Peinl, Ren{\´e}}, title = {To Model, to Prompt, or to Code? The Choice Is Yours: A Multi-Paradigmatic Approach to Software Development}, series = {Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Technologies, 10-12.Juni 2025, Bilbao}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Technologies, 10-12.Juni 2025, Bilbao}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}, doi = {10.5220/0013557100003964}, pages = {296 -- 303}, abstract = {This paper considers three fundamental approaches to software development, namely manual coding, model-driven software engineering, and code generation by large language models. All of these approaches have their individual pros and cons, motivating the desire for an integrated approach. We present MoProCo, a technical solution to integrate the three approaches into a single tool chain, allowing the developer to split a software engineering task into modeling, prompting or coding sub-tasks. From a single input file consisting of static model structure, natural language prompts and/or source code fragments, Java source code is generated using a two-stage approach. A case study demonstrates that the MoProCo approach combines the desirable properties of the three development approaches by offering the appropriate level of abstraction, determinism, and dynamism for each specific software engineering sub-task.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WiedererHoengEder, author = {Wiederer, Jonas and H{\"o}ng, Simon and Eder, Friedrich}, title = {Konzept zur KI-gest{\"u}tzten parametrischen Br{\"u}ckenmodellierung f{\"u}r ressourcen- und kostenoptimierte Bauwerksentw{\"u}rfe}, series = {Tagungsband 35. Forum Bauinformatik, 2024, Hamburg}, booktitle = {Tagungsband 35. Forum Bauinformatik, 2024, Hamburg}, editor = {St{\"u}hrenberg, Jan and Al-Zuriqat, Thamer and Chillon Geck, Carlos}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t Hamburg, Institut f{\"u}r Digitales und Autonomes Bauen}, address = {Hamburg}, doi = {10.15480/882.13506}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77922}, pages = {50 -- 57}, abstract = {Br{\"u}ckenbauwerke stellen eine wesentliche Komponente einer soliden Infrastruktur dar. Wegen vernachl{\"a}ssigter Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen und sich ver{\"a}ndernder Anforderungen sind f{\"u}r eine Vielzahl dieser Bauwerke in Deutschland Ersatzneubauten notwendig. Diese Arbeit adressiert die Herausforderungen der Ressourcenverschwendung durch wiederholten Arbeitsaufwand bei individuellen Br{\"u}ckenentw{\"u}rfen f{\"u}r die angesprochenen Bauwerke. Es wird ein parametrisches Entwurfsmodells in Siemens NX entwickelt, um den Entwurfsprozess zu beschleunigen und eine einfache Anpassung an die entsprechenden Rahmenbedingungen zu erm{\"o}glichen. Zudem wird eine effektive Methode zur Anbindung an die Kostenermittlungssoftware RIB iTWO vorgestellt, die eine nachgelagerte Kostenkalkulation nach DIN 276 erm{\"o}glicht. Aufbauend darauf wird ein Optimierungsworkflow vorgestellt, welcher verschiedene Faktoren einbindet, um einen hochwertigen Bauwerksentwurf zu erzielen. Hierbei wird die Einbindung von Techniken aus dem Bereich der K{\"u}nstlichen Intelligenz angestrebt. Die vorgestellte Methodik soll die Wirtschaftlichkeitsbewertung und Entscheidungsfindung f{\"u}r die Realisierung der Br{\"u}ckenentw{\"u}rfe erleichtern und somit zu einer effizienteren Nutzung von Ressourcen im Br{\"u}ckenbau beitragen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HomannGrabingerHauseretal., author = {Homann, Alexander and Grabinger, Lisa and Hauser, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {An Eye Tracking Study on MISRA C Coding Guidelines}, series = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, Seeon/Germany, June 19 - 21, 2023}, booktitle = {ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, Seeon/Germany, June 19 - 21, 2023}, publisher = {ACM}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9956-2}, doi = {10.1145/3593663.3593671}, pages = {130 -- 137}, abstract = {C is one of the most widely used programming languages - MISRA C is one of the most known sets of coding guidelines for C. This paper examines the usefulness and comprehensibility of the MISRA C:2012 guidelines in an eye tracking study. There, subjects encounter non-compliant code in four different code review settings: with no additional reference, with an actual MISRA C guideline, with a case-specific interpretation of a MISRA C guideline, and with a compliant version of the code. The data collected was analyzed not only in terms of the four presentation styles, but also by dividing the subjects into experience levels based on their semesters of study or years of work experience. Regarding the difference between actual and interpreted guidelines, we found that for interpreted guidelines the error detection rate is higher whereas the duration and frequency of visits to the guideline itself are mainly lower. This suggest that the actual guidelines are less useful and more difficult to understand. The former is contradicted by the subjects' opinions: when surveyed, they rated the usefulness of the actual guidelines higher.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HoengEderSchmailzletal., author = {Hoeng, Simon Konrad and Eder, Friedrich and Schmailzl, Marc and Obergrießer, Mathias}, title = {Exploring the Potential of BIM Models for Deriving Synthetic Training Data for Machine Learning Applications, Montreal}, series = {Advances in Information Technology in Civil and Building Engineering, Proceedings of ICCCBE 2024, Volume 2, Simulation and Automation}, booktitle = {Advances in Information Technology in Civil and Building Engineering, Proceedings of ICCCBE 2024, Volume 2, Simulation and Automation}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {9783031873638}, issn = {2366-2557}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-87364-5_5}, pages = {54 -- 63}, abstract = {To increase the efficiency and quality of design and construction tasks, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) offers a way to automate both repetitive and complex tasks. Many of these ML models rely heavily on large amounts of suitable, machine-readable, and labeled training data. Therefore, a variety of conceivable use cases for ML in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry are difficult to implement due to a lack of freely and directly usable training data. The process of manually structuring and labeling existing data is time-consuming and needs in some cases skilled personnel to ensure the quality of the labeled data. Due to these factors, approaches for utilizing artificially generated data, referred to as synthetic data, are becoming more prevalent. Since Building Information Models contain a large amount of information, deriving training data from these models presents an obvious route for generation of this data. There are many ML applications whose implementation is inhibited due to a lack of training data, for which model-based synthetic data offer a possible solution approach. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard provides a powerful exchange format for models independently of their authoring software. Parametric and generative approaches to model creation enable the generation of numerous different building models within a short period of time and with low effort. This paper presents a workflow for automated derivation of synthetic training data from rule-based or parametrically generated models combined with existing IFC datasets as a multimodal data repository. The method is validated by testing automated synthetically labeled image data for a plan detection task, which is carried out with the Object Detection Framework YOLOv8. The suggested workflow has the potential to enhance data accessibility, thereby contributing to the implementation of ML applications in the AEC industry.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EderHoengSchmailzletal., author = {Eder, Friedrich and Hoeng, Simon Konrad and Schmailzl, Marc and Linner, Thomas and Obergrießer, Mathias}, title = {Towards improving data interoperability for the reconstruction of existing buildings}, series = {The 20th conference of the International Society for Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE 2024), August 25 to 28, 2024, Montreal}, booktitle = {The 20th conference of the International Society for Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE 2024), August 25 to 28, 2024, Montreal}, abstract = {Digital representations of buildings are the supporting structures of various use-cases in the emerging field of data-driven decision making. From large scale applications in the context of city planning to the detailed evaluation of critical infrastructure they enable specialists to observe problems, interpret relationships, test solutions virtually and apply them in the real world. This is only feasible if the individual underlying digital model meets the requirements imposed by the analysis at hand. In practice, especially models of existing buildings are not easy to come by as the information describing the existing structure is often scattered across multiple different data sources in various formats. Previous research efforts have outlined methodologies which leverage machine learning, computer vision and subsequent semantic enrichment in order to achieve the (re)construction of such building models. However, these methods are generally not integrated with each other, nor do they consider being able to interface with a shared repository of building related data. In this paper we present a methodology which focuses on establishing a common context for all building related data by utilizing the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema. In particular we focus on utilizing readily available geometric and semantic data originating from geographic information systems as a basis, subsequently referencing additional data sources in their corresponding context and finally outlining interfaces with downstream enrichment processes in both directions. Through incorporating contextualized (IFC) data into the early stages of the remodeling workflow, we outline an end-to-end process from the initial component-based data-acquisition to the as-built building information model. In establishing a standardized foundation for data exchange and collaboration it enables all stakeholders to work more seamlessly across different stages of the remodeling project.}, language = {en} } @article{KopperFuerstenauZimmermannetal., author = {Kopper, Andreas and F{\"u}rstenau, Daniel and Zimmermann, Stephan and Klotz, Stefan and Rentrop, Christopher and Rothe, Hannes and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {Shadow IT and Business-Managed IT: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Illustration}, series = {International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance (IJITBAG)}, volume = {9}, journal = {International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance (IJITBAG)}, number = {2}, publisher = {IGI Global}, doi = {10.4018/IJITBAG.2018070104}, pages = {53 -- 71}, abstract = {Research on Shadow IT is facing a conceptual dilemma in cases where previously "covert" systems developed by business entities are integrated in the organizational IT management. These systems become visible, are thus not "in the shadows" anymore, and subsequently do not fit to existing definitions of Shadow IT. Practice shows that some information systems share characteristics of Shadow IT but are created openly in alignment with the IT organization. This paper proposes the term "Business-managed IT" to describe "overt" information systems developed or managed by business entities and distinguishes it from Shadow IT by illustrating case vignettes. Accordingly,our contribution is to suggest a concept and its delineation against other concepts. In this way, IS researchers interested in IT originated from or maintained by business entities can construct theories with a wider scope of application that are at the same time more specific to practical problems. In addition, the terminology allows to value potentially innovative developments by business entities more adequately.}, subject = {Unternehmen}, language = {en} } @article{BorgFrikelJorgensenetal., author = {Borg, Leise and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and J{\o}rgensen, Jakob Sauer and Quinto, Eric Todd}, title = {Analyzing Reconstruction Artifacts from Arbitrary Incomplete X-ray CT Data}, series = {SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences}, number = {4}, publisher = {SIAM PUBLICATIONS}, doi = {10.1137/18M1166833}, pages = {2786 -- 2814}, abstract = {This article provides a mathematical analysis of singular (nonsmooth) artifacts added to reconstructions by filtered backprojection (FBP) type algorithms for X-ray computed tomography (CT) with arbitrary incomplete data. We prove that these singular artifacts arise from points at the boundary of the data set. Our results show that, depending on the geometry of this boundary, two types of artifacts can arise: object-dependent and object-independent artifacts. Object-dependent artifacts are generated by singularities of the object being scanned, and these artifacts can extend along lines. They generalize the streak artifacts observed in limited-angle tomography. Object-independent artifacts, on the other hand, are essentially independent of the object and take one of two forms: streaks on lines if the boundary of the data set is not smooth at a point and curved artifacts if the boundary is smooth locally. We prove that these streak and curve artifacts are the only singular artifacts that can occur for FBP in the continuous case. In addition to the geometric description of artifacts, the article provides characterizations of their strength in Sobolev scale in certain cases. The results of this article apply to the well-known incomplete data problems, including limited-angle and regionof-interest tomography, as well as to unconventional X-ray CT imaging setups that arise in new practical applications. Reconstructions from simulated and real data are analyzed to illustrate our theorems, including the reconstruction that motivated this work a synchrotron data set in which artifacts appear on lines that have no relation to the object.}, language = {en} } @article{KopperKlotzWestneretal., author = {Kopper, Andreas and Klotz, Stefan and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Shadow IT and Business-managed IT}, series = {Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM)}, volume = {30}, journal = {Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM)}, number = {4}, issn = {1042-1319}, pages = {25}, abstract = {Two concepts describe the autonomous deployment of IT by business entities: Shadow IT and Business-managed IT. Shadow IT is deployed covertly, that is, software, hardware, or IT services created/procured or managed by business entities without alignment with the IT organization. In contrast, Business-managed IT describes the overt deployment of IT, that is, in alignment with the IT organization or in a split responsibility model. The purpose of this paper is to extend the conceptual understanding of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT, comparing the perceptions of 29 CIOs and senior IT managers with the results of a systematic literature review. By doing so, this paper presents a structured and comprehensive view of causing factors, outcomes, and governance of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT in practice. A comparison of academic literature and practitioner perceptions reveals the limitations and gaps of the current research and highlights avenues for future research. The authors find three category-spanning themes occurring as causing factors, outcomes, and—as part of governance measures—factors to improve the IT organization: (1) (Poor) business-IT alignment (2) (lack of) agility, and (3) (lack of) policies. This study is innovative with its comprehensive qualitative interview data that the authors compare to the existing literature. Therefore, the paper brings together theoretical and practical insights into Shadow IT and Businessmanaged IT, which should aid practitioners and scholars in decision making and future research.}, subject = {Corporate Governance}, language = {en} } @article{KaessBrosigWestneretal., author = {K{\"a}ss, Sebastian and Brosig, Christoph and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Short and sweet: multiple mini case studies as a form of rigorous case study research}, series = {Information Systems and e-Business Management}, journal = {Information Systems and e-Business Management}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s10257-024-00674-2}, pages = {34}, abstract = {Case study research is one of the most widely used research methods in Information Systems (IS). In recent years, an increasing number of publications have used case studies with few sources of evidence, such as single interviews per case. While there is much methodological guidance on rigorously conducting multiple case studies, it remains unclear how researchers can achieve an acceptable level of rigour for this emerging type of multiple case study with few sources of evidence, i.e., multiple mini case studies. In this context, we synthesise methodological guidance for multiple case study research from a cross-disciplinary perspective to develop an analytical framework. Furthermore, we calibrate this analytical framework to multiple mini case studies by reviewing previous IS publications that use multiple mini case studies to provide guidelines to conduct multiple mini case studies rigorously. We also offer a conceptual definition of multiple mini case studies, distinguish them from other research approaches, and position multiple mini case studies as a pragmatic and rigorous approach to research emerging and innovative phenomena in IS.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JoblinApelHunsenetal., author = {Joblin, Mitchell and Apel, Sven and Hunsen, Claus and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Classifying Developers into Core and Peripheral: An Empirical Study on Count and Network Metrics}, series = {2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20-28 May 2017}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20-28 May 2017}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/icse.2017.23}, pages = {164 -- 174}, abstract = {Knowledge about the roles developers play in a software project is crucial to understanding the project's collaborative dynamics. In practice, developers are often classified according to the dichotomy of core and peripheral roles. Typically, count-based operationalizations, which rely on simple counts of individual developer activities (e.g., number of commits), are used for this purpose, but there is concern regarding their validity and ability to elicit meaningful insights. To shed light on this issue, we investigate whether count-based operationalizations of developer roles produce consistent results, and we validate them with respect to developers' perceptions by surveying 166 developers. Improving over the state of the art, we propose a relational perspective on developer roles, using fine-grained developer networks modeling the organizational structure, and by examining developer roles in terms of developers' positions and stability within the developer network. In a study of 10 substantial open-source projects, we found that the primary difference between the count-based and our proposed network-based core-peripheral operationalizations is that the network-based ones agree more with developer perception than count-based ones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a relational perspective can reveal further meaningful insights, such as that core developers exhibit high positional stability, upper positions in the hierarchy, and high levels of coordination with other core developers, which confirms assumptions of previous work.}, language = {en} } @article{KlotzKopperWestneretal., author = {Klotz, Stefan and Kopper, Andreas and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Causing factors, outcomes, and governance of Shadow IT and business-managed IT}, series = {International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management}, volume = {7}, journal = {International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management}, number = {1}, issn = {2182-7796}, doi = {10.12821/ijispm070102}, pages = {15 -- 43}, abstract = {Shadow IT and Business-managed IT describe the autonomous deployment/procurement or management of Information Technology (IT) instances, i.e., software, hardware, or IT services, by business entities. For Shadow IT, this happens covertly, i.e., without alignment with the IT organization; for Business-managed IT this happens overtly, i.e., in alignment with the IT organization or in a split responsibility model. We conduct a systematic literature review and structure the identified research themes in a framework of causing factors, outcomes, and governance. As causing factors, we identify enablers, motivators, and missing barriers. Outcomes can be benefits as well as risks/shortcomings of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT. Concerning governance, we distinguish two subcategories: general governance for Shadow IT and Business-managed IT and instance governance for overt Business-managed IT. Thus, a specific set of governance approaches exists for Business-managed IT that cannot be applied to Shadow IT due to its covert nature. Hence, we extend the existing conceptual understanding and allocate research themes to Shadow IT, Business-managed IT, or both concepts and particularly distinguish the governance of the two concepts. Besides, we find that governance themes have been the primary research focus since 2016, whereas older publications (until 2015) focused on causing factors.}, subject = {Betriebliches Informationssystem}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JoblinMauererApeletal., author = {Joblin, Mitchell and Mauerer, Wolfgang and Apel, Sven and Siegmund, Janet and Riehle, Dirk}, title = {From Developer Networks to Verified Communities: A Fine-Grained Approach}, series = {2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, 16-24 May 2015, Florence, Italy}, booktitle = {2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, 16-24 May 2015, Florence, Italy}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-4799-1934-5}, doi = {10.1109/icse.2015.73}, pages = {563 -- 573}, abstract = {Effective software engineering demands a coordinated effort. Unfortunately, a comprehensive view on developer coordination is rarely available to support software-engineering decisions, despite the significant implications on software quality, software architecture, and developer productivity. We present a fine-grained, verifiable, and fully automated approach to capture a view on developer coordination, based on commit information and source-code structure, mined from version-control systems. We apply methodology from network analysis and machine learning to identify developer communities automatically. Compared to previous work, our approach is fine-grained, and identifies statistically significant communities using order-statistics and a community-verification technique based on graph conductance. To demonstrate the scalability and generality of our approach, we analyze ten open-source projects with complex and active histories, written in various programming languages. By surveying 53 open-source developers from the ten projects, we validate the authenticity of inferred community structure with respect to reality. Our results indicate that developers of open-source projects form statistically significant community structures and this particular view on collaboration largely coincides with developers' perceptions of real-world collaboration.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KlotzWestnerStrahringeretal., author = {Klotz, Stefan and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne and Schieder, Christian}, title = {Transformed Knowledge Sharing Through Business-managed IT and Shadow IT}, series = {Proceedings of the 25th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2019), Canc{\´u}n, Mexiko, August 15-17}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2019), Canc{\´u}n, Mexiko, August 15-17}, publisher = {AIS}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Business-managed IT and Shadow IT describe the autonomous deployment/management of IT instances by business units. For the former, this happens in alignment with the IT organization of the enterprise, for the latter, without alignment. We analyze why and how Business-managed IT and Shadow IT transform knowledge sharing with two case studies drawing on the theoretical lens of the knowledge-based view. Several motivators lead to the autonomous implementation of knowledge management systems (KMSs), for example, shortcomings of existing systems. The implemented KMSs have multiple benefits for knowledge sharing, such as a reduction of knowledge sharing barriers. However, we notice that the Shadow IT KMS leads to challenges for cross-unit knowledge sharing due to the covert nature of Shadow IT. Based on the findings of our case studies, we develop a mid-range theory to explain the transformation of knowledge sharing in enterprises supported by Business-managed IT and Shadow IT.}, language = {en} } @article{JoblinApelMauerer, author = {Joblin, Mitchell and Apel, Sven and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Evolutionary trends of developer coordination: a network approach}, series = {Empirical Software Engineering}, volume = {22}, journal = {Empirical Software Engineering}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s10664-016-9478-9}, pages = {2050 -- 2094}, abstract = {Software evolution is a fundamental process that transcends the realm of technical artifacts and permeates the entire organizational structure of a software project. By means of a longitudinal empirical study of 18 large open-source projects, we examine and discuss the evolutionary principles that govern the coordination of developers. By applying a network-analytic approach, we found that the implicit and self-organizing structure of developer coordination is ubiquitously described by non-random organizational principles that defy conventional software-engineering wisdom. In particular, we found that: (a) developers form scale-free networks, in which the majority of coordination requirements arise among an extremely small number of developers, (b) developers tend to accumulate coordination requirements with more and more developers over time, presumably limited by an upper bound, and (c) initially developers are hierarchically arranged, but over time, form a hybrid structure, in which core developers are hierarchically arranged and peripheral developers are not. Our results suggest that the organizational structure of large projects is constrained to evolve towards a state that balances the costs and benefits of developer coordination, and the mechanisms used to achieve this state depend on the project's scale.}, language = {en} }