@inproceedings{GschossmannJobstMottoketal., author = {Gschossmann, Andreas and Jobst, Simon and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {A Measure of Confidence of Artificial Neural Network Classifiers}, series = {ARCS Workshop 2019; 32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark}, booktitle = {ARCS Workshop 2019; 32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark}, publisher = {VDE-Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {153 -- 157}, abstract = {Confidence in results of an Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is increased by preferring to reject data, that is not trustful, instead of risking a misclassification. For this purpose a model is proposed that is able to recognize data, which differs significantly from the training data, during inference. The proposed model observes all activations of the hidden layers, as well as input and output layers of an ANN in a grey-box view. To make ANNs more robust in safety critical applications, this model can be used to reject flawed data, that is suspected to decrease the accuracy of the model. If this information is logged during inference, it can be used to improve the model, by training it specifically with the missing information. An experiment on the MNIST dataset is conducted and its results are discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauslerRothVitzthumeckeretal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Roth, Carina and Vitzthumecker, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Miniaturized Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensor Systems}, series = {Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology 2018}, booktitle = {Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology 2018}, editor = {Ribeiro, Paulo and Raposo, Maria}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-30112-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-30113-2_8}, pages = {169 -- 195}, abstract = {Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a well-known and established technology in bioanalysis and pharmaceutical sciences. Due to the expensive instrumentation and the need of trained people, it is mainly limited to applications in laboratories. However, there are some areas like environmental monitoring, chemical processing and civil infrastructure, which urgently need new sensor technologies. SPR has the potential to serve these fields. In order to be qualified for a use in these areas SPR has to overcome some hurdles. The instrumentation has to be robust, small in size and cheap. A device, which fits these needs, will be a micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) with integrated intelligent algorithms. In this book chapter, examples of miniaturized SPR devices are introduced, the limitations which have to be overcome as well as the possibilities for future applications are proposed. Due to the manifold advantages of this technology and the dropping prices for imaging sensors, Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) might become one of the leading technologies for SPR smart sensor systems.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauslerWunderlichFischeretal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Wunderlich, Lukas and Fischer, Johannes and Pfab, Christina and Heckscher, Simon and Hirsch, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Surface plasmon resonance imaging for detection of drug metabolites in water}, series = {Proceedings of SPIE, Optical Sensors 2019, 1 - 4 April 2019, Prague, Czech Republic}, volume = {Vol. 11028}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE, Optical Sensors 2019, 1 - 4 April 2019, Prague, Czech Republic}, issn = {0277-786X}, doi = {10.1117/12.2522324}, pages = {11}, abstract = {The analysis of surface water, groundwater, drinking water as well as sewage is important to get information about the contamination of the water cycle. Currently, these time-consuming investigations require special equipment, like for example hyphenated mass spectrometry. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a faster alternative as it is highly sensitive to changes in the dielectric medium next to a thin metal layer and makes it a quasi-universal detector. Therefore, and due to the labelfree nature, SPR is a widely used sensing tool for real-time monitoring of molecular interactions of various analytes. SPR imaging (SPRi) has several advantages to standard surface plasmon resonance, as it allows to observe many analytes in parallel as well as the integration of referencing technologies. However, the homogenous illumination of a large area (several millimeters) with a small light source is challenging and demands new approaches. Allopurinol, a drug used to lower the blood concentration of urate and hence decrease the affection of gout, gets metabolized to oxipurinol in the body and dropped out almost entirely by urinary excretion. After wastewater treatment, concentrations of oxipurinol up to 21.7 μg•L-1 are detected. Further tracking of oxipurinol in the urban water cycle showed its presence in rivers and streams or even in groundwater. Therefore, the high biological stability of oxipurinol allows this molecule to be used as a marker for domestic wastewater in the environment. For the detection of oxipurinol by SPR graphene was used as receptive layer, as the analyte can bind via π-stacking to this surface. An SPRi technique was developed and compared to conventional SPR system for the detection of oxipurinol.}, language = {en} }