@article{SchmiedtNeumaier, author = {Schmiedt, Anja Bettina and Neumaier, Stefanie}, title = {{\"U}ber die strukturierte Entwicklung digitaler Lehr- und Lernformate mit EMPAMOS - Erkenntnisse aus einem Lehrprojekt}, series = {Hochschulbildung und Spiel : Lernen motivierend gestalten}, journal = {Hochschulbildung und Spiel : Lernen motivierend gestalten}, editor = {Zinger, Benjamin and Wester, Ann Marie and Br{\"o}ker, Thomas}, publisher = {transcriptVerlag}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-8394-7374-0}, pages = {121 -- 136}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert ausgew{\"a}hlte Schlaglichter eines hybriden Lehr- und Lernprojektes, welches mithilfe von EMPAMOS als Analyse-, Gestaltungs- und Reflexionsinstrument entwickelt und begleitet wurde. Das Lehrprojekt verfolgte das Ziel, hybride und digitale Lehre in einem Kurs zur mathematischen Statistik durch Gamification motivational ansprechend zu gestalten. Hierf{\"u}r wurde das hybride Lehr- und Lernlabor als ein ver{\"a}nderliches Spielfeld verstanden, mit welchem es umzugehen galt, um stets handlungsf{\"a}hig zu bleiben und Studierende ad{\"a}quat auf das Bestehen des Leistungsnachweises vorzubereiten. Dabei konnte die kooperative Spielform als ein zentrales Spielelement identifiziert werden, mit dem sich dieser Auftrag umsetzen ließ. Bei den Studierenden hatte jedoch das immanente motivationale Bed{\"u}rfnis nach Kompetenzerleben die h{\"o}chste Priorit{\"a}t.}, language = {de} } @incollection{SchmiedtSussmannKlemcke, author = {Schmiedt, Anja and Sussmann, Monika and Klemcke, Joy}, title = {Generative K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz und Mathematik in der Hochschullehre : ein Rendezvous zwischen Euphorie und Skepsis}, series = {Hochschulbildung und Spiel : Lernen motivierend gestalten}, booktitle = {Hochschulbildung und Spiel : Lernen motivierend gestalten}, editor = {Zinger, Benjamin and Wester, Ann Marie and Br{\"o}ker, Thomas}, publisher = {transcriptVerlag}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-8394-7374-0}, pages = {269 -- 284}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz am Ende des Lebens}, series = {Ethik der Digitalisierung in Gesundheitswesen und Pflege: Analysen und ein Tool zur integrierten Forschung}, booktitle = {Ethik der Digitalisierung in Gesundheitswesen und Pflege: Analysen und ein Tool zur integrierten Forschung}, editor = {Grimm, Petra and Z{\"o}llner, Oliver}, publisher = {Franz Steiner Verlag}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {978-3-515-13552-8}, doi = {10.25162/9783515135528}, pages = {87 -- 107}, language = {de} } @article{MaierWeihererHuberetal., author = {Maier, Johannes and Weiherer, Maximilian and Huber, Michaela and Palm, Christoph}, title = {Imitating human soft tissue on basis of a dual-material 3D print using a support-filled metamaterial to provide bimanual haptic for a hand surgery training system}, series = {Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery}, volume = {9}, journal = {Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery}, number = {1}, publisher = {AME Publishing Company}, doi = {10.21037/qims.2018.09.17}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-979}, pages = {30 -- 42}, abstract = {Background: Currently, it is common practice to use three-dimensional (3D) printers not only for rapid prototyping in the industry, but also in the medical area to create medical applications for training inexperienced surgeons. In a clinical training simulator for minimally invasive bone drilling to fix hand fractures with Kirschner-wires (K-wires), a 3D-printed hand phantom must not only be geometrically but also haptically correct. Due to a limited view during an operation, surgeons need to perfectly localize underlying risk structures only by feeling of specific bony protrusions of the human hand. Methods: The goal of this experiment is to imitate human soft tissue with its haptic and elasticity for a realistic hand phantom fabrication, using only a dual-material 3D printer and support-material-filled metamaterial between skin and bone. We present our workflow to generate lattice structures between hard bone and soft skin with iterative cube edge (CE) or cube face (CF) unit cells. Cuboid and finger shaped sample prints with and without inner hard bone in different lattice thickness are constructed and 3D printed. Results: The most elastic available rubber-like material is too firm to imitate soft tissue. By reducing the amount of rubber in the inner volume through support material (SUP), objects become significantly softer. Without metamaterial, after disintegration, the SUP can be shifted through the volume and thus the body loses its original shape. Although the CE design increases the elasticity, it cannot restore the fabric form. In contrast to CE, the CF design increases not only the elasticity but also guarantees a local limitation of the SUP. Therefore, the body retains its shape and internal bones remain in its intended place. Various unit cell sizes, lattice thickening and skin thickness regulate the rubber material and SUP ratio. Test prints with higher SUP and lower rubber material percentage appear softer and vice versa. This was confirmed by an expert surgeon evaluation. Subjects adjudged pure rubber-like material as too firm and samples only filled with SUP or lattice structure in CE design as not suitable for imitating tissue. 3D-printed finger samples in CF design were rated as realistic compared to the haptic of human tissue with a good palpable bone structure. Conclusions: We developed a new dual-material 3D print technique to imitate soft tissue of the human hand with its haptic properties. Blowy SUP is trapped within a lattice structure to soften rubber-like 3D print material, which makes it possible to reproduce a realistic replica of human hand soft tissue.}, subject = {Handchirurgie}, language = {en} } @article{MaierWeihererHuberetal., author = {Maier, Johannes and Weiherer, Maximilian and Huber, Michaela and Palm, Christoph}, title = {Optically tracked and 3D printed haptic phantom hand for surgical training system}, series = {Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery}, volume = {10}, journal = {Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery}, number = {02}, publisher = {AME Publishing Company}, address = {Hong Kong, China}, doi = {10.21037/qims.2019.12.03}, pages = {340 -- 455}, abstract = {Background: For surgical fixation of bone fractures of the human hand, so-called Kirschner-wires (K-wires) are drilled through bone fragments. Due to the minimally invasive drilling procedures without a view of risk structures like vessels and nerves, a thorough training of young surgeons is necessary. For the development of a virtual reality (VR) based training system, a three-dimensional (3D) printed phantom hand is required. To ensure an intuitive operation, this phantom hand has to be realistic in both, its position relative to the driller as well as in its haptic features. The softest 3D printing material available on the market, however, is too hard to imitate human soft tissue. Therefore, a support-material (SUP) filled metamaterial is used to soften the raw material. Realistic haptic features are important to palpate protrusions of the bone to determine the drilling starting point and angle. An optical real-time tracking is used to transfer position and rotation to the training system. Methods: A metamaterial already developed in previous work is further improved by use of a new unit cell. Thus, the amount of SUP within the volume can be increased and the tissue is softened further. In addition, the human anatomy is transferred to the entire hand model. A subcutaneous fat layer and penetration of air through pores into the volume simulate shiftability of skin layers. For optical tracking, a rotationally symmetrical marker attached to the phantom hand with corresponding reference marker is developed. In order to ensure trouble-free position transmission, various types of marker point applications are tested. Results: Several cuboid and forearm sample prints lead to a final 30 centimeter long hand model. The whole haptic phantom could be printed faultless within about 17 hours. The metamaterial consisting of the new unit cell results in an increased SUP share of 4.32\%. Validated by an expert surgeon study, this allows in combination with a displacement of the uppermost skin layer a good palpability of the bones. Tracking of the hand marker in dodecahedron design works trouble-free in conjunction with a reference marker attached to the worktop of the training system. Conclusions: In this work, an optically tracked and haptically correct phantom hand was developed using dual-material 3D printing, which can be easily integrated into a surgical training system.}, subject = {Handchirurgie}, language = {en} } @article{WoehlMaierGehmertetal., author = {W{\"o}hl, Rebecca and Maier, Johannes and Gehmert, Sebastian and Palm, Christoph and Riebschl{\"a}ger, Birgit and Nerlich, Michael and Huber, Michaela}, title = {3D Analysis of Osteosyntheses Material using semi-automated CT Segmentation}, series = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders}, volume = {19}, journal = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1186/s12891-018-1975-0}, pages = {1 -- 8}, abstract = {Backround Scaphoidectomy and midcarpal fusion can be performed using traditional fixation methods like K-wires, staples, screws or different dorsal (non)locking arthrodesis systems. The aim of this study is to test the Aptus four corner locking plate and to compare the clinical findings to the data revealed by CT scans and semi-automated segmentation. Methods: This is a retrospective review of eleven patients suffering from scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) or scaphoid non-union advanced collapse (SNAC) wrist, who received a four corner fusion between August 2011 and July 2014. The clinical evaluation consisted of measuring the range of motion (ROM), strength and pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Additionally, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) and the Mayo Wrist Score were assessed. A computerized tomography (CT) of the wrist was obtained six weeks postoperatively. After semi-automated segmentation of the CT scans, the models were post processed and surveyed. Results During the six-month follow-up mean range of motion (ROM) of the operated wrist was 60°, consisting of 30° extension and 30° flexion. While pain levels decreased significantly, 54\% of grip strength and 89\% of pinch strength were preserved compared to the contralateral healthy wrist. Union could be detected in all CT scans of the wrist. While X-ray pictures obtained postoperatively revealed no pathology, two user related technical complications were found through the 3D analysis, which correlated to the clinical outcome. Conclusion Due to semi-automated segmentation and 3D analysis it has been proved that the plate design can keep up to the manufacturers' promises. Over all, this case series confirmed that the plate can compete with the coexisting techniques concerning clinical outcome, union and complication rate.}, subject = {Handchirurgie}, language = {en} } @article{GerschNosterSchulzetal., author = {Gersch, Sebastian and Noster, Ulf and Schulz, Carsten and Bagdahn, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Influence of the Process-Related Surface Structure of L-PBF Manufactured Components on Residual Stress Measurement Using the Incremental Hole Drilling Method}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {15}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {18}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {10.3390/app15189861}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-84929}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) parts combine geometric freedom with process-induced rough surfaces that challenge residual-stress metrology. We evaluated the accuracy of the incremental hole-drilling (IHD) method with electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) by applying defined stresses via four-point bending to stress-relieved AlSi10Mg coupons, rather than measuring unknown process stresses. Flat specimens (2 mm, thin per ASTM E837) were analyzed on up-skin, side-skin, and CNC-milled surfaces; thin-specimen calibration coefficients were used. After a preliminary inter-specimen check (three specimens per surface; spread \< 8 MPa), one representative specimen per surface was tested with three drill sites to assess intra-specimen uniformity. Measured IHD-ESPI stresses agreed best at 70 MPa: deviations were ~4.1\% (up-skin), 6.0\% (side-skin), and 6.24\% (CNC-milled). At 10 MPa the relative errors increased (23.6\%, 18.4\%, and 1.40\%), consistent with reduced ESPI signal-to-noise and fixture compliance in the low-stress regime. At 140 MPa, deviations rose again (21.1\%, 14.3\%, and 13.1\%), reflecting operation near the ~60\% Rp0.2 elastic limit of hole-drilling and potential local plasticity. Surface-dependent artifacts also mattered as follows: the side-skin required no coating and performed comparably to CNC-milled, whereas the up-skin's roughness plus matting spray introduced fringe distortions and chip/coating debris near the hole. This controlled study indicates that IHD-ESPI can provide reliable results on L-PBF AlSi10Mg in the mid-stress range when surface preparation, coating, and rig compliance are carefully managed. Limitations include excluding down-skin surfaces and testing only one specimen per condition; thus, results should be generalized cautiously.}, language = {en} } @article{SafiBandicNiedermeieretal., author = {Safi, Hila and Bandic, Medina and Niedermeier, Christoph and Almudever, Carmen G. and Feld, Sebastian and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Stacking the odds: full-stack quantum system design space exploration}, series = {EPJ Quantum Technology}, volume = {12}, journal = {EPJ Quantum Technology}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, doi = {10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00413-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-85157}, pages = {31}, abstract = {Design space exploration (DSE) plays an important role in optimising quantum circuit execution by systematically evaluating different configurations of compilation strategies and hardware settings. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive investigation into the impact of various layout methods, qubit routing techniques, and optimisation levels, as well as device-specific properties such as different variants and strengths of noise and imperfections, the topological structure of qubits, connectivity densities, and back-end sizes. By spanning through these dimensions, we aim to understand the interplay between compilation choices and hardware characteristics. A key question driving our exploration is whether the optimal selection of device parameters, mapping techniques, comprising of initial layout strategies and routing heuristics can mitigate device induced errors beyond standard error mitigation approaches. Our results show that carefully selecting software strategies (e.g., mapping and routing algorithms) and tailoring hardware characteristics (such as minimising noise and leveraging topology and connectivity density) significantly improve the fidelity of circuit execution outcomes, and thus the expected correctness or success probability of the computational result. We provide estimates based on key metrics such as circuit depth, gate count and expected fidelity. Our results highlight the importance of hardware-software co-design, particularly as quantum systems scale to larger dimensions, and along the way towards fully error corrected quantum systems: Our study is based on computationally noisy simulations, but considers various implementations of quantum error correction (QEC) using the same approach as for other algorithms. The observed sensitivity of circuit fidelity to noise and connectivity suggests that co-design principles will be equally critical when integrating QEC in future systems. Our exploration provides practical guidelines for co-optimising physical mapping, qubit routing, and hardware configurations in realistic quantum computing scenarios.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GrafHachaniFischeretal., author = {Graf, Julian and Hachani, Murad and Fischer, Sebastian and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {A heuristic packet processing model for improved encrypted network analysis}, series = {CSCS '25: Proceedings of the 2nd Cyber Security in CarS Workshop}, booktitle = {CSCS '25: Proceedings of the 2nd Cyber Security in CarS Workshop}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, USA}, doi = {10.1145/3736130.3764510}, pages = {12}, abstract = {Modern networked systems, such as those in the automotive sector, face increasing complexity and growing attack surfaces due to the rise of interconnected and data-driven technologies. Detecting malicious behavior in these environments requires efficient and scalable methods that can operate reliably despite limited resources and high communication volumes. This paper proposes a heuristic packet processing model designed to support intrusion detection based on structural and temporal characteristics of encrypted network traffic. The model follows a modular architecture consisting of four key phases: recording, sorting, prioritizing, and analyzing. At the core of the approach is the Polymetric Queueing Topology Space, a feature space that combines statistical and time series attributes derived from model structure and flow data. These features serve as input for machine learning models, which can effectively distinguish between benign and intrusion traffic patterns without relying on packet data beyond the transport layer. The approach was evaluated using the publicly available ToN_IoT dataset and demonstrated that reliable classification is achievable using a subset of the developed feature space that contains model-derived traffic features. We used Random Forest for supervised binary and multi-class classification achieving high accuracy scores of 99\% for binary and 98\% for multi-class classification. Additionally, for unsupervised anomaly detection, we created an Isolation Forest model accomplishing F1-scores of 0.92 for the benign and 0.96 for intrusion class. The architecture is designed to enable dynamic traffic prioritization and to offer a flexible foundation that can observe diverse network domains while maintaining efficient performance under constrained computational conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{DiachkovaNikolaevaGuertler, author = {Diachkova, Yana and Nikolaeva, Sofiya and Guertler, Katherine}, title = {Communication in International Humanitarian Relief: Profiling Ukrainian Boundary Spanners}, series = {Journal of Intercultural Communication}, volume = {25}, journal = {Journal of Intercultural Communication}, number = {1}, publisher = {ICR Publications}, issn = {1404-1634}, doi = {10.36923/jicc.v25i1.1019}, pages = {98 -- 106}, abstract = {Boundary spanning—the actions and roles individuals or organizations undertake to bridge differences and facilitate communication, collaboration, and understanding across diverse cultural, organizational, or geographical divisions—is an essential element of international cooperation. Set against the backdrop of the Russia-Ukraine war, The purpose of this study is to explore the type of boundary spanning in this uncertain context, the linguistic characteristics of boundary spanners, the necessary skills and competencies required to navigate the complex socio-political landscape, and the role of boundary spanners in humanitarian assistance. This study employs a qualitative research approach, using semi-structured interviews with informants actively engaged in relief efforts and cross-cultural collaboration. The findings emphasized the significance of English as the primary language of communication, the importance of cultural sensitivity and awareness, and the need for intercultural competence in effective boundary spanning. The study concludes with insights from the ongoing Ukrainian experience of bridging geodemographic boundaries and the role of boundary spanners in this process, highlighting key aspects of boundary spanning. Overall, the study contributes to the theoretical background of boundary spanning and enhances the understanding of how linguistic and cultural boundary spanning can drive positive change and improve outcomes in humanitarian aid. The implications of this study suggest that underscore the critical need for collaboration with experienced boundary spanners in educational settings.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StockerLehrerDuddecketal., author = {Stocker, Philipp and Lehrer, Tobias and Duddeck, Fabian and Wagner, Marcus}, title = {Face-wise prediction of sheet-metal drawability using graph neural networks}, series = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, volume = {3104}, booktitle = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, issn = {1742-6588}, doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/3104/1/012053}, pages = {11}, abstract = {The early design phase of deep-drawn structural components involves time-consuming iterative development. Traditional drawability assessments rely on finite element simulations, which are computationally expensive and slow the design process. Alternative machine learning (ML) approaches show promise in accelerating this process but face challenges with existing methods. Existing low-dimensional ML models only provide global predictions without identifying specific geometric regions prone to failure. High-dimensional models provide local predictions but require significant amounts of training data. We propose a data-driven approach leveraging graph neural networks (GNNs) for face-wise drawability prediction of sheet metal components in their computer-aided design (CAD) representation. Our method aims to bridge the gap between the computational efficiency of ML and the spatial resolution of simulation by providing face-wise insight into potential failure regions. This study utilises a dataset of parametric U-channel geometries with variability in both geometry and topology. Ground-truth labels are generated using inverse analysis simulations. Geometric entities are represented through the use of UV parameterisations, whereby 3D surfaces are mapped into 2D space to facilitate geometric encoding. Concurrently, the topological relationships are captured using a face adjacency graph. To address data scarcity, we evaluate how different amounts of training data affect model performance and perform ablation studies to analyse the impact of different CAD representation features. Our results show that the proposed approach achieves high accuracy even with limited training data. In addition, the ablation studies provide insights into the most critical CAD features, guiding future research. These results highlight the potential of our GNN to predict face-wise drawability in the early design phase.}, language = {en} } @article{TremmelNaglerKutteretal., author = {Tremmel, Florian and Nagler, Oliver and Kutter, Christoph and Holmer, Rainer}, title = {Mechanical robustness analysis of semiconductors with a single needle probe card using acoustic emissions}, series = {e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing}, volume = {29}, journal = {e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing}, number = {10}, publisher = {NDT.net}, issn = {1435-4934}, doi = {10.58286/30254}, abstract = {The combination of indentation testing and acoustic emission (AE) is widely used to analyze the fracture toughness of test substrates. In the manufacturing of semiconductor devices this material parameter also plays an important role. During the so-called wafer testing inside a wafer prober small probe tips are pressed onto the chip surface to check its performance. To prevent damaging the chip by that, the fracture toughness and load limit of it has to be defined in a prequalification step. This paper presents a test system that imitates the wafer testing process as close as possible and uses acoustic emission to detect appearing cracks and thereby also the load limit. The frontend of the test setup consists of a modular single needle probe card which can be placed in a wafer prober. Also, the indenter properties (tip diameter, stiffness, etc.) can be adjusted to the probe used later on during productive wafer testing to ensure realistic probing conditions. A piezoelectric sensor and a full strain gauge Wheatstone bridge are implemented close to the single indenter to measure the AEs and the applied contact force respectively. The signal-to-noise-ratios (SNRs) of both sensors are improved with an own analog amplifier module before recording them with an USB oscilloscope. A developed measurement software (LabVIEW) is used to adjust measurement parameters (trigger limit, record length, conversion factors, etc.) and automatically store and separate measurement data from different acoustic events and imprints. To evaluate the result files a second software tool (MATLAB) reads the files out and clusters the recorded events to separate crack signals from electrical and mechanical disturbances. With a prototype first test results are generated and the functionality and accuracy of the measurement concept is proven.}, language = {en} } @article{LehlePhilippKrenkeletal., author = {Lehle, Karla and Philipp, Alois and Krenkel, Lars and Gruber, Michael and Hiller, Karl-Anton and M{\"u}ller, Thomas and Lubnow, Matthias}, title = {Thrombocytopenia During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adult Patients With Bacterial, Viral, and COVID-19 Pneumonia}, series = {ASAIO Journal}, journal = {ASAIO Journal}, publisher = {Wolters Kluwer}, issn = {1058-2916}, doi = {10.1097/MAT.0000000000002383}, abstract = {Contact of blood with artificial surfaces triggers platelet activation. The aim was to compare platelet kinetics after venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) start and after system exchange in different etiologies of acute lung failure. Platelet counts and coagulation parameters were analyzed from adult patients with long and exchange-free (≥8 days) ECMO runs (n = 330) caused by bacterial (n = 142), viral (n = 76), or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n = 112) pneumonia. A subpopulation requiring a system exchange and with long, exchange-free runs of the second oxygenator (≥7 days) (n = 110) was analyzed analogously. Patients with COVID-19 showed the highest platelet levels before ECMO implantation. Independent of the underlying disease and ECMO type, platelet counts decreased significantly within 24 hours and reached a steady state after 5 days. In the subpopulation, at the day of a system exchange, platelet counts were lower compared with ECMO start, but without differences between underlying diseases. Subsequently, platelets remained unchanged in the bacterial pneumonia group, but increased in the COVID-19 and viral pneumonia groups within 2-4 days, whereas D-dimers decreased and fibrinogen levels increased. Thus, overall platelet counts on V-V ECMO show disease-specific initial dynamics followed by an ongoing consumption by the ECMO device, which is not boosted by new artificial surfaces after a system exchange.}, language = {en} } @article{KellnerKraftQuayson, author = {Kellner, Florian and Kraft, Sarah Katharina and Quayson, Matthew}, title = {Sustainable supplier evaluation under due diligence acts}, series = {Frontiers in Sustainability}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Sustainability}, publisher = {Frontiers}, doi = {10.3389/frsus.2025.1677700}, pages = {15}, abstract = {The enactment of due diligence legislation, such as the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains, in German Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz (LkSG), is reshaping global supply chain management by compelling companies to tackle heightened human rights and environmental risks in their supply chain. This study addresses the need for a comprehensive sustainability supplier evaluation framework by employing a systematic literature review with an expert survey of practitioners from German companies subject to LkSG. This methodology aligns academic findings with real-world practice and legal requirements, enriching the literature with practical insights. The results reveal that business practice prioritizes economic and social dimensions, whereas the literature focuses on economic and environmental dimensions. Although the most relevant economic and environmental criteria are consistent across both domains, the key social criteria show a notable misalignment. Managers can utilize the most relevant sustainability supplier evaluation criteria identified in this study to promote sustainable supply chains and ensure compliance with due diligence requirements. This research also highlights the high relevance of human rights as a social criterion, a dimension that has been historically under-recognized or implicitly addressed in the literature.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BraunHaugSchneider, author = {Braun, Felicitas and Haug, Sonja and Schneider, Viola}, title = {Needs Assessment for an Assistance System for the Visually Impaired and Blind in Climbing and Bouldering}, series = {dHealth 2025 : Proceedings of the 19th Health Informatics Meets Digital Health Conference, 6. + 7. May 2025, Vienna}, booktitle = {dHealth 2025 : Proceedings of the 19th Health Informatics Meets Digital Health Conference, 6. + 7. May 2025, Vienna}, editor = {Baumgartner, Martin}, publisher = {Sage ; IOS Press}, isbn = {978-1-64368-592-2}, doi = {10.3233/SHTI324}, pages = {29 -- 34}, abstract = {Background: This thesis deals with the potentials and challenges of climbing for blind and visually impaired people. Objectives: The extent to which an innovative technical assistance system can contribute to supporting this sport in climbing gyms is analyzed. Methods: As part of this study, a needs analysis was carried out using a mixed methods approach. This comprises an observational study, expert interviews and a quantitative survey of the potential target group. Results: The studies show that climbing can promote the development of social and physical skills. Nevertheless, there are needs and challenges, such as finding the next hold on a route. Conclusions: The technical assistance system could provide support by addressing these specific challenges and needs of blind and visually impaired people when climbing and supporting them with acoustic signals.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GalkaWeigert, author = {Galka, Stefan and Weigert, Alexander}, title = {Systematik zur planungsbegleitenden Simulation bei der Konzeptplanung von Produktionssystemen - ein Anwendungsfall aus der Elektrolysestack-Produktion}, series = {Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2025}, booktitle = {Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2025}, editor = {Schmidt, Thorsten and K{\"u}hn, Mathias and Rank, Sebastian}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t Dresden, Professur f{\"u}r Technische Logistik}, address = {Dresden}, isbn = {978-3-86780-806-4}, doi = {10.25368/2025.278}, pages = {45-1 -- 45-10}, abstract = {Simulation can support early-stage production system planning by enabling efficient evaluation of concept variants. However, detailed models are often impractical in concept phases due to limited data and high modelling effort. This paper presents a structured three-stage simulation approach for supporting the concept planning of water electrolyzer stack production systems . The approach leverages automatic model generation from formal process descriptions and gradually increases model detail across stages, carried out through a custom-developed simulation framework. This enables early validation of the throughput capability, resource planning, and the analysis of stochastically occurring technical malfunction. The method aims to reduce planning time while improving decision quality.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GalkaMeissner, author = {Galka, Stefan and Meißner, Sebastian}, title = {Einsatz von Digitalen Zwillingen f{\"u}r die operative Steuerung von innerbetrieblichen Transportsystemen}, series = {Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2025}, booktitle = {Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2025}, editor = {Schmidt, Thorsten and Rank, Sebastian and K{\"u}hn, Mathias}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t Dresden, Professur f{\"u}r Technische Logistik}, address = {Dresden}, isbn = {978-3-86780-806-4}, doi = {10.25368/2025.280}, pages = {47-1 -- 47-11}, abstract = {This paper presents the architecture and functionality of a simulation-based Digital Twin designed to support decision-making in the control of internal transport systems. The developed Digital Twin leverages a wide range of data from operational information systems to predict future system loads. Specific methods for forecasting transport orders have been developed. An integrated simulation framework enables analysis of potential control decisions, such as resource allocation or the timing of order releases. The simulation results are used for multi-criteria evaluation of the available options for preventive action, thus, providing users with concrete recommendations to support their operational decision-making processes.}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidThiel, author = {Schmid, Michael T. and Thiel, Charlotte}, title = {Is it worth it? Potential for reducing the environmental impact of bitumen roofing membrane production}, series = {Recycling}, volume = {10}, journal = {Recycling}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/recycling10060208}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-86873}, pages = {24}, abstract = {Between 51\% and 72\% of a bituminous roofing membrane used for structural water-proofing consists of organic material, predominantly bitumen - a derivative of crude oil refining - highlighting the strong dependence of this product on fossil resources. Considering that several tonnes of these membranes must be replaced every 30 to 50 years, substantial potential exists for emission reduction through the establishment of circular material systems. This study investigates this potential by analysing 26 Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and life cycle datasets from across Europe covering the period from 2007 to 2023. To ensure comparability, all data were normalised to a declared unit of 1 kg of roofing membrane. The reinforcement layers were categorised into glass and polyester \& glass composites, and their differences were examined using Welch's t-tests. Correlative analyses and linear as well as multiple regression models were then applied to explore relationships between environmental indicators and the shares of organic and mineral mass fractions. The findings reveal that renewable energy sources, although currently representing only a small share of total production energy, provide a major lever for reducing nearly all environmental impact categories. The type of reinforcement layer was also found to influence the demand for fossil resources, both materially and energetically. For most environmental indicators, only multiple regression models can explain at least 30\% of the variance based on the proportions of organic and mineral inputs. Overall, the study underscores the crucial importance of high-quality, transparently documented product data for accurately assessing the sustainability of building products. It further demonstrates that substituting fossil energy carriers with renewable sources and optimising material efficiency can substantially reduce environmental burdens, provided that methodological consistency and clarity of indicator definitions are maintained.}, language = {en} } @article{SchieglSchrollDeckerKurbel, author = {Schiegl, Corina and Schroll-Decker, Irmgard and Kurbel, Matthias}, title = {Self-Determination in Patients with Intensive Care Needs: Care Management Implications}, series = {Journal of Social Policy}, volume = {18}, journal = {Journal of Social Policy}, number = {21}, publisher = {Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Philosophy}, address = {Skopje}, doi = {10.37509/socpol251821149s}, pages = {159 -- 168}, abstract = {Highly vulnerable people, such as those on permanent ventilation, are heavily dependent on medical, nursing and social support. The aim of the treatment of these patients is to make them independent of the ventilators - insofar as there is a po- tential for weaning from ventilation. This requires a considerable amount of time, especially for people with multimorbid diseases. In a clinical setting, the necessary resources for this are not available. In a newly created transitional living form for out-of-hospital ventilation wean- ing, patients are closely supervised and supported in the weaning process by a multidisciplinary team in a homely environment. The transitional housing form is supported by research carried out by the Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Re- gensburg. The evaluation of self-determination in a complex disease situation is one aspect of this research. This paper is based on a study that included 54 guideline-based, semi-stan- dardised interviews which were conducted with the patients themselves and/or rel- atives covering the aspects of medical and therapeutic care as well as housing and self-determination. The interviews were evaluated using content analysis. In a first step, the categories of the analysis of self-determination are described. Further- more, the results are exemplified with a case study. Results of the study show that the perception of quality of life is closely linked to the possibilities for self-determination. The comprehensive medical, nursing and therapeutic support contributes to the well-being of the sick people, who should be informed about and involved in the treatment. The case study illustrates by way of example how self-determination can be achieved in the case of severely diseased patients (e.g. referring to their mobilisation, visits, spare time activities) and how compliance can be increased. It became evident that even in the case of lethal dis- eases whose progression cannot be influenced, a self-determined life is still possi- ble.}, subject = {Selbstbestimmung}, language = {en} } @article{SchummBrownAbdelKhaleketal., author = {Schumm, Leon and Brown, Tom and Abdel-Khalek, Hazem and Ueckerdt, Falko and Sterner, Michael and Fioriti, David and Parzen, Max}, title = {The impact of temporal hydrogen regulation on hydrogen exporters and their domestic energy transition}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {16}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-62873-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-84857}, pages = {13}, abstract = {As global demand for green hydrogen rises, potential hydrogen exporters move into the spotlight. While exports can bring countries revenue, large-scale on-grid hydrogen electrolysis for export can profoundly impact domestic energy prices and energy-related emissions. Our investigation explores the interplay of hydrogen exports, domestic energy transition and temporal hydrogen regulation, employing a sector-coupled energy model in Morocco. We find substantial co-benefits of domestic carbon dioxide mitigation and hydrogen exports, whereby exports can reduce market-based costs for domestic electricity consumers while mitigation reduces costs for hydrogen exporters. However, increasing hydrogen exports in a fossil-dominated system can substantially raise market-based costs for domestic electricity consumers, but surprisingly, temporal matching of hydrogen production can lower these costs by up to 31\% with minimal impact on exporters. Here, we show that this policy instrument can steer the welfare (re-)distribution between hydrogen exporting firms, hydrogen importers, and domestic electricity consumers and hereby increases acceptance among actors.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmiedtEmpacherKamps, author = {Schmiedt, Anja B. and Empacher, Christina and Kamps, Udo}, title = {One- and two-sided prediction intervals for future Pareto record values with applications}, series = {Journal of Statistical Theory and Applications}, journal = {Journal of Statistical Theory and Applications}, publisher = {Springer}, issn = {2214-1766}, doi = {10.1007/s44199-025-00119-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-81605}, pages = {26}, abstract = {Based on upper record values in a series of observations over time from a Pareto distribution, an exact and several approximate one-sided and two-sided prediction intervals for the next record value (or for another future record value) to appear are studied and compared by means of an extensive simulation study. The performances of the prediction intervals are evaluated and recommendations are proposed for what method should be used in a given situation with respect to the form of the prediction interval on the one hand and to the tail behaviour on the other. The proposed methods are applied to insurance, environmental and sports data, where the respectively fitted Pareto distributions show a different tail behaviour. As a result, it is seen that although the number of observed record values in the presented real data applications is rather small, as it is usually the case, the selected prediction intervals are of practical use.}, language = {en} } @article{DotterHaugSchnelletal., author = {Dotter, Caroline and Haug, Sonja and Schnell, Rainer and Raptis, Georgios and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Sharing health data for research purposes: results of a population survey in Germany}, series = {BMC health services research}, volume = {25}, journal = {BMC health services research}, publisher = {BMC}, doi = {10.1186/s12913-025-12706-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-81622}, pages = {9}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Increased use of health data has the potential to improve both health care and health policies. Several recent policy initiatives at the European and German legislative levels aim to increase the primary and secondary use of health data. However, little is known about general population views on health data access for research. Most studies are based on subsets defined by specific illnesses. METHODS: We commissioned a national computer-assisted dual-frame telephone survey (landline and mobile). Logit estimation models were used to identify predictors of willingness to provide access to health data to different organizations (universities in Germany, universities worldwide, German government organizations, pharmaceutical companies). RESULTS: A high willingness to share health data for research purposes is observed, depending on the specific data recipient. The willingness is highest for research at universities in Germany and German governmental organizations, and lowest regarding research by pharmaceutical companies. The main drivers for sharing health data are the level of trust in public institutions, the respondents' assessment of the seriousness and likelihood of data misuse, and the level of digital literacy. Age, gender, and level of education have small effects and do not determine the willingness to share health data for all organizations. CONCLUSION: We present evidence from a random sample of the German population. The results indicate widespread support among the population for providing access to health data for research purposes. Similar to findings in other countries, the willingness depends strongly on the recipient of the data. This paper evaluates the impact of various determinants - identified in previous qualitative and quantitative research - on the willingness of the German population to share health data. While previous studies have found that patients are generally more willing to share health data, we found that the presence of a medical precondition does not translate into respondents' unequivocal support for health data sharing. We identify privacy concerns, general trust, and digital literacy as key factors influencing the willingness to share health data. Therefore, policymakers and stakeholders need to ensure and communicate the necessary privacy protection measures to increase the willingness of the German population to share health data.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Richter, author = {Richter, Stefanie}, title = {(Er)Leben {\"a}lterer Menschen in Alten-, Pflegeheimen und Wohnstiften : Zukunftsunsicherheit, {\"U}berg{\"a}nge und Lebensalltag}, series = {{\"A}ltere Menschen in prek{\"a}ren Lebenslagen : Theorien, Handlungsfelder und Fragestellungen f{\"u}r die Soziale Arbeit}, booktitle = {{\"A}ltere Menschen in prek{\"a}ren Lebenslagen : Theorien, Handlungsfelder und Fragestellungen f{\"u}r die Soziale Arbeit}, editor = {Middendorf, Tim and Parchow, Alexander}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-9123-6}, doi = {10.3262/978-3-7799-9123-6}, pages = {467 -- 481}, language = {de} } @article{WinterArtingerBoecketal., author = {Winter, Lina and Artinger, Annalena and B{\"o}ck, Hendrik and Ramakrishnan, Vignesh and Reible, Bruno and Albin, Jan and Sch{\"u}ffler, Peter J. and Raptis, Georgios and Brochhausen, Christoph}, title = {Developing a smart and scalable tool for histopathological education—PATe 2.0}, series = {Journal of Pathology Informatics}, volume = {20}, journal = {Journal of Pathology Informatics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2153-3539}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpi.2025.100535}, abstract = {Digital microscopy plays a crucial role in pathology education, providing scalable and standardized access to learning resources. In response, we present PATe 2.0, a scalable redeveloped web-application of the former PATe system from 2015. PATe 2.0 was developed using an agile, iterative process and built on a microservices architecture to ensure modularity, scalability, and reliability. It integrates a modern web-based user interface optimized for desktop and tablet use and automates key workflows such as whole-slide image uploads and processing. Performance tests demonstrated that PATe 2.0 significantly reduces tile request times compared to PATe, despite handling larger tiles. The platform supports open formats like DICOM and OpenSlide, enhancing its interoperability and adaptability across institutions. PATe 2.0 represents a robust digital microscopy solution in pathology education enhancing usability, performance, and flexibility. Its design enables future integration of research algorithms and highlights it as a pivotal tool for advancing pathology education and research.}, language = {en} } @incollection{GreinerCurrleBahretal., author = {Greiner, Nina and Currle, Edda and Bahr, Gudrun and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Die Rekrutierung von Proband*innen im Projekt DeinHaus 4.0 Oberpfalz}, series = {Digitale Technik f{\"u}r ambulante Pflege und Therapie III - Nutzung, Akzeptanz, Wirkung und Lebensqualit{\"a}t}, booktitle = {Digitale Technik f{\"u}r ambulante Pflege und Therapie III - Nutzung, Akzeptanz, Wirkung und Lebensqualit{\"a}t}, editor = {Weber, Karsten and Haug, Sonja and Lauer, Norina and Mohr, Christa and Pfingsten, Andrea and Raptis, Georgios and Bahr, Gudrun}, publisher = {transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-8394-6728-2}, doi = {10.14361/9783839467282-004}, pages = {29 -- 61}, abstract = {Beschrieben wird der Rekrutierungsprozess im Projekt DeinHaus 4.0. Hierbei werden die spezifischen Herausforderungen bei der Akquise von Schlaganfallbetroffenen aufgezeigt und diskutiert.}, subject = {Rekrutierung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BuglSchneiderSehr, author = {Bugl, Benedikt and Schneider, Viola I. and Sehr, Armin}, title = {Vertical Sound Localization: Precision and Robustness to Reverberation in a Large-Scale Study}, series = {Proceedings of the 11th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum / EuroNoise 2025 // M{\´a}laga, Spain ; 23-26. June 2025}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum / EuroNoise 2025 // M{\´a}laga, Spain ; 23-26. June 2025}, publisher = {European Acoustics Association}, isbn = {978-84-87985-35-5}, doi = {10.61782/fa.2025.0953}, pages = {3431 -- 3434}, abstract = {Vertical sound localization, the ability to perceive the elevation of a sound source, is a fundamental aspect of human auditory perception, yet it remains far less understood than horizontal localization. Existing studies rely on small sample sizes, limiting the generalizability of findings. The presented study bridges that gap by examining vertical sound localization and precision in a cohort exceeding 150 participants, making it the largest investigation of its kind to date.Participants were exposed to broadband noise stimuli from various elevations under controlled anechoic conditions. The elevation localization error was measured by comparing perceived sound source elevations to actual positions of speakers of a curved array. Azimuth angles of arrival were altered between 0°, 45° and 90°. For a small group the experiment was repeated in echoic conditions, to gain insight in reverberation and reflection robustness of vertical sound localization.This large-scale study establishes benchmarks for vertical sound localization precision and robustness, advancing our understanding of human auditory spatial perception. These findings have implications for audio technology development, such as spatial audio rendering and hearing aid design, and lay the groundwork for further exploration into the neural and anatomical underpinnings of vertical localization.}, language = {en} } @article{GinsterWeigertHeymetal., author = {Ginster, Vinzenz and Weigert, Alexander and Heym, Maximilian Klaus and Beier, Christoph J{\"u}rgen Anton and Schiebahn, Alexander and Galka, Stefan}, title = {Factory simulation of adhesive bonding processes considering pot-life-induced waste}, series = {Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}, volume = {13}, journal = {Journal of Advanced Joining Processes}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2666-3309}, doi = {10.1016/j.jajp.2026.100375}, pages = {7}, abstract = {The simulation of production systems in the planning phase is an established tool for evaluating system performance under dynamic conditions (Da Silva et al., 2018). When planning a production system that includes time-critical processes such as adhesive bonding, exceeding time constraints (e.g., excessive lead times relative to the adhesive pot-life) can lead to product rejection and scrap. These risks should be analyzed by means of simulation, as it enables the consideration of stochastic effects such as random machine breakdowns, which significantly influence product lead times. This study focuses on the production of adhesively bonded electrolyzer-cells. Due to the cell design, several handling and stacking operations must be carried out between adhesive application and final joining, so that immediate joining is not feasible and pot-life-induced scrap becomes a critical risk factor. We therefore conducted an exploratory investigation that combines experimental pot-life characterization with discrete-event simulation of a planned electrolyzer-cell production system. A two-component epoxy adhesive was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry with kinetic analysis, rotational rheometry, and 90° peel tests on application-representative joints. Based on these tests, an application-specific pot-life was derived and implemented as a time-dependent quality criterion in the discrete-event simulation model. A full-factorial simulation study with varied buffer size and mean time to repair at a station availability of 98 \% was carried out. The results demonstrated a pronounced trade-off between throughput and pot-life-induced waste and identified a buffer capacity of one and short repair times as the most favorable configuration. Extending pot-life due to different processing temperatures substantially reduced scrap, highlighting the benefit of integrating curing kinetics and dynamic simulation in early-stage production system design for time-critical adhesive processes.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GalkaMeissner, author = {Galka, Stefan and Meißner, Sebastian}, title = {Simulation-Based Digital Twins for Internal Transport Systems}, series = {Procedia Computer Science}, volume = {274}, booktitle = {Procedia Computer Science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2025.12.016}, pages = {161 -- 170}, abstract = {The increasing complexity of internal transport systems in industrial applications poses significant challenges for operational decision-making. This paper presents a simulation-based Digital Twin framework developed within the research project TwinTraSys to support the control of such systems. The framework is specifically tailored to the constraints of real-world IT infrastructures, requiring minimal transaction data, while enabling predictive analysis and dynamic scenario evaluation. It consists of a modular architecture divided into four core components: data provision, data preparation, simulation, and decision support. A dedicated simulation framework enables the automated generation of structural models and the integration of real-world operational control systems. The proposed approach has been validated in industrial settings and has demonstrated its ability to support resource planning and transport resource allocation through simulation-based experimentation and multi-criteria evaluation. This paper contributes to the practical advancement of Digital Twin applications in intralogistics by bridging the gap between theoretical models and real-world constraints.}, language = {en} } @article{KruegerMauerer, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Out of the Loop: Structural Approximation of Optimisation Landscapes and non-Iterative Quantum Optimisation}, series = {Quantum}, volume = {9}, journal = {Quantum}, publisher = {Verein zur F{\"o}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}, doi = {10.22331/q-2025-11-06-1903}, pages = {32}, abstract = {The Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) is a widely studied quantum-classical iterative heuristic for combinatorial optimisation. While QAOA targets problems in complexity class NP, the classical optimisation procedure required in every iteration is itself known to be NP-hard. Still, advantage over classical approaches is suspected for certain scenarios, but nature and origin of its computational power are not yet satisfactorily understood. By introducing means of efficiently and accurately approximating the QAOA optimisation landscape from solution space structures, we derive a new algorithmic variant of unit-depth QAOA for two-level Hamiltonians (including all problems in NP): Instead of performing an iterative quantum-classical computation for each input instance, our non-iterative method is based on a quantum circuit that is instance-independent, but problem-specific. It matches or outperforms unit-depth QAOA for key combinatorial problems, despite reduced computational effort. Our approach is based on proving a long-standing conjecture regarding instance-independent structures in QAOA. By ensuring generality, we link existing empirical observations on QAOA parameter clustering to established approaches in theoretical computer science, and provide a sound foundation for understanding the link between structural properties of solution spaces and quantum optimisation.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchoenbergerTrummerMauerer, author = {Sch{\"o}nberger, Manuel and Trummer, Immanuel and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Large-Scale Multiple Query Optimisation with Incremental Quantum(-Inspired) Annealing}, series = {Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data}, volume = {3}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data}, number = {4}, publisher = {ACM}, doi = {10.1145/3749171}, pages = {25}, abstract = {Multiple-query optimization (MQO) seeks to reduce redundant work across query batches. While MQO offers opportunities for dramatic performance improvements, the problem is NP-hard, limiting the sizes of problems that can be solved on generic hardware. We propose to leverage specialized hardware solvers for optimization, such as Fujitsu's Digital Annealer (DA), to scale up MQO to problem sizes formerly out of reach. We present a novel incremental processing approach that combines classical computation with DA acceleration. By efficiently partitioning MQO problems into sets of partial problems, and by applying a dynamic search steering strategy that reapplies initially discarded information to incrementally process individual problems, our method overcomes capacity limitations, and scales to extremely large MQO instances (up to νm1000 queries). A thorough and comprehensive empirical evaluation finds our method substantially outperforms existing approaches. Our generalisable framework lays the ground for other database use-cases on quantum-inspired hardware, and bridges towards future quantum accelerators.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DuennweberLorenzBraeuetal., author = {D{\"u}nnweber, Jan and Lorenz, Marcel and Br{\"a}u, Fabian and Saito, Hiroshi and Melzer, Matthias}, title = {Driving out the Bears from the Suburbs by Means of Location Theory and Intelligent Agents}, series = {Proceedings of the ACM 12th International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction, ACI 2025: The International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction ; Indiana USA ; 01-04.12.2025}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM 12th International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction, ACI 2025: The International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction ; Indiana USA ; 01-04.12.2025}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, isbn = {9798400721236}, doi = {10.1145/3768539.3768546}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Due to the recent surge in bear attacks, affected municipalities have taken various measures to drive out the intruders. Political considerations include, in many places, the expansion of shooting permits. More and more regional governmental authorities invest in technologies for efficient bear hunting, such as IP cameras and computer vision. From an ecological perspective, such procedures, which are all solely aimed at decreasing the bear population, are questionable, since ecosystems can benefit from a peaceful coexistence of bears with humans: Bears remove animal carcasses and thus return vital nutrients to the soil and prevent the spread of diseases. Moreover, the bears keep the deer population in check, which is advantageous for the forest vegetation. Conflicts start, once the bears intrude populated areas, which are often rural villages and suburbs with a low population density. Naturally, bears do not see humans as prey and respect their size. When the animal attacks, this happens rather for territorial or protective reasons, e. g., after an unexpected encounter with humans unsettled it. In this work, we analyze means to eradicate the danger: We dynamically apply Weiszfeld's algorithm for finding the shifting geometric median between time-windowed black bear sightings and use the results for implementing an early warning system. In addition, we weigh the spotted locations and predict the expected migration behavior between bear habitats using a simulation with intelligent agents. As a case study, we apply our software to data from Romania and Fukushima and identify the positions where bear repelling facilities should be placed most effectively.}, language = {en} } @article{KorzecFreundDoelfsetal., author = {Korzec, Dariusz and Freund, Florian and Doelfs, Isabelle and Zacherl, Florian and Kudala, Lucas and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Low-Current High-Voltage Pulsed Atmospheric Arc Plasma Jet: Nanoparticle Emission from the Cathodic Spot}, series = {Plasma}, volume = {8}, journal = {Plasma}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/plasma8040044}, pages = {29}, abstract = {The atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is a popular type of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). APPJs based on a pulsed atmospheric arc (PAA) are widely spread in industrial processing. A plasma jet of this type, PlasmaBrush PB3 (PB3), is a subject of diverse research activities. The characteristic feature of PB3 is the generation of a low-current (300 mA), high-voltage (1500 V) pulsed (54 kHz) atmospheric arc. A gas flow vortex is used to stabilize the arc and to sustain the circular motion of the cathodic arc foot. During long periods of operation, nozzles acting as arc discharge cathodes erode. Part of the eroded material is emitted as nanoparticles (NPs). These NPs are not wanted in many processing applications. Knowledge of the number, type, and size distribution of emitted NPs is essential to minimize their emissions. In this study, NPs in the size range of 6 to 220 nm, emitted from four different nozzles operated with PB3, are investigated. The differences between the nozzles are in the eroded surface material (copper, tungsten, and nickel), the diameter of the nozzle orifice, the length of the discharge channel, and the position of the cathodic arc foot. Significant differences in the particle size distribution (PSD) and particle mass distribution (PMD) of emitted NPs are observed depending on the type and condition of the nozzle and their operating time. Monomodal and bimodal PMD models are used to approximate emissions from the nozzles with tungsten and copper cores, respectively. The skew-normal distribution function is deemed suitable. The results of this study can be used to control NP emissions, both to avoid them and to utilize them intentionally.}, language = {en} } @article{WolfgrammAbbSampetal., author = {Wolfgramm, Alex and Abb, Valerius and Samp, Artur and Samp, Rafal and Hoffmann, Jens Christoph and M{\"u}ller, Rainer and Kammler, Martin}, title = {Structural and functional evolution of HKUST-1 nanoparticles induced by ball milling}, series = {Next Materials}, volume = {10}, journal = {Next Materials}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.101544}, pages = {7}, abstract = {In this study, the effect of post-synthetic ball milling on the structural and functional properties of as-synthesized nanoparticles of the copper-based metal-organic framework (MOF) HKUST-1 was investigated for the first time. Nanoparticles were synthesized using sodium formate as a capping agent. The crystalline particles were subjected to a controlled ball milling process, which induced significant structural changes. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) revealed a reduction in crystallite size from 91 nm to 21 nm and the introduction of microstrain, partially disrupting the MOF's long-range crystalline order, as evidenced by peak broadening and the diminished intensity of high-angle reflections. Particle morphology pre- and post-milling was further studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, verifying a narrow particle size distribution of ± 22 nm after milling. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated protonation of carboxylate groups in the larger pores of the framework, likely due to moisture incorporation during milling. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis showed a substantial decrease in specific surface area from 521 m²/g to 226 m²/g, suggesting a partial collapse of the porous framework. We discuss the applicability of ball milling as a versatile means of post-synthetic approach to reduce MOF particle sizes, a key element in the preparation of MOF-based thin films using inks or polymers.}, language = {en} } @article{HeinzSchildgen, author = {Heinz, Florian and Schildgen, Johannes}, title = {Experience Report: Hey LLM, Generate SQL!}, series = {Datenbank-Spektrum}, volume = {25}, journal = {Datenbank-Spektrum}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, doi = {10.1007/s13222-025-00512-w}, pages = {95 -- 101}, abstract = {Large Language Models have advanced to a resourceful tool with many applications. One particularly interesting use case is the LLM-aided generation of ad-hoc database queries and the possibility of subsequent processing of the results in a way suiting the users intents. In this article, practical ways and experiences are described on how to effectively use LLMs to map a natural-language user query to an SQL query conforming to a specific database schema and post-processing the results of this query in order to, for example, create an appealing visualization. Best results are achieved under favorable circumstances, as, for example, a clean and meaningful named database schema.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PreissWestner, author = {Preiß, Niklas and Westner, Markus}, title = {From Agents to Copilots: a Systematic Review of Digital Assistant Technology Adoption in Proprietary Productivity Software}, series = {Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems}, volume = {43}, booktitle = {Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems}, publisher = {Polish Information Processing Society}, issn = {2300-5963}, doi = {10.15439/2025F3271}, pages = {565 -- 576}, abstract = {This study provides a systematic review of how the impact and adaptation of digital assistant technologies (DATs) are defined, operationalized, and studied, synthesizing key domains where DATs generate or are expected to generate value. Based on an analysis of 61 articles published since 2013, it identifies five main areas of impact: productivity and efficiency, business development, resource optimization, quality enhancement, and the promotion of learning and creativity. The review highlights DAT adoption across various disciplines and industries, while revealing limited longitudinal research on benefits and adaptation. Key gaps remain in understanding strategic use and sustained impact. Future research should explore longitudinal comparisons of recently introduced generative AI-driven DATs and their organizational implications. This review contributes to information systems research by structuring current knowledge on DAT adoption and outcomes, and by proposing a research agenda to support deeper exploration of their value and long-term integration.}, language = {en} } @article{KaessStrahringerWestner, author = {K{\"a}ss, Sebastian and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {Archetypes, Situations, and Practices : a Guide to Successful Low-Code Adoption}, series = {Information Resources Management Journal}, volume = {38}, journal = {Information Resources Management Journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {IGI Global}, issn = {1040-1628}, doi = {10.4018/IRMJ.396005}, pages = {26}, abstract = {This paper extends prior work on low-code by explaining when adoption archetypes occur and how to use them. Motivated by information technology (IT) talent shortages and uneven low-code development platform (LCDP) outcomes, the paper seeks practical guidance for post-adoption choices in work systems. Using a multiple mini case study of 36 cases in large German organizations, this study analyzes interviews and context questionnaires with within-/cross-case coding and pattern matching against a 13-factor model. This analysis identifies situations that trigger three adoption archetypes—application development democratizers, synergy realizers, and IT resource shortage mitigators—and one non-adoption archetype, intricacy adversaries. The analysis also maps advantages and disadvantages and distills 12 good practices. Across adoption cases, efficiency is the dominant goal, whereas non-adoption stems from high application sophistication. The results give actionable guidance: align goals to an archetype, stick to LCDP standards, involve IT and foster an open culture, invest in skilling, reuse platform components, and reserve LCDPs for less-complex apps while planning architecture early.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SachenbacherLeucker, author = {Sachenbacher, Martin and Leucker, Martin}, title = {Towards Monitoring and Diagnosis of Quantum Digital Twins}, series = {Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)}, volume = {P-366}, booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, address = {Bonn}, doi = {10.18420/INF2025_159}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-87546}, pages = {1767 -- 1772}, abstract = {As access to larger-scale quantum computers is still limited, it is useful to simulate quantum algorithms on specialized programmable logic hardware such as FPGAs to exploit analogies between quantum and digital circuits, and allow for analysis and efficient debugging of quantum programs. Such simulations can be viewed as digital representations of actual physical systems, commonly referred to as Digital Twins (DTs). In previous work, we applied formal methods from runtime verification to synthesize monitors capable of real-time analysis of conventional DTs. Specifically, these monitors supervise alignment with their physical counterparts and support model-based diagnosis to identify potential root causes of observed deviations. In this short paper, we present ongoing work aimed at adapting and extending our approach to hardware-based simulation and analysis of quantum software on FPGAs, with the objective of improving both accuracy and resilience.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AlbrechtThielKaramara, author = {Albrecht, Sophie Viktoria and Thiel, Charlotte and Karamara, Merve}, title = {Decoding concrete's environmental performance: A detailed analysis of global EPDs across the entire life cycle}, series = {MATEC Web of Conferences}, volume = {409}, booktitle = {MATEC Web of Conferences}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, doi = {10.1051/matecconf/202540913001}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) for concrete are essential tools to quantify the environmental impact of this versatile building material throughout its life cycle, supporting sustainable choices in construction. Concrete is made up of raw materials like cement, water, aggregates, additives, and admixtures, which can be mixed in diverse ways. This variability often necessitates site-specific EPDs, as emissions and environmental impacts depend greatly on cement type, transport routes, and specific production processes. This study analyses various data sources, focusing on EPDs according to ISO 14025 and EN 15804. The life cycle phases A1-A3, B1-B7, C1-C4 and D are considered and compared. The results demonstrate that factors such as scenario assumptions, methodological choices, and allocation procedures significantly influence concrete's environmental impact. Transparent EPDs improve assessment reliability, while allocation methods, especially in phases D and end-of-life, significantly influence reported benefits, underscoring the importance of careful allocation for accurate impact evaluations. Improved standardisation, transparency, and alignment with EN 16757 would enhance EPD comparability and reliability. Overall, the study identifies key parameters such as recycling potential, production stage and allocation methods as substantial factors in the environmental performance of concrete.}, language = {en} } @article{QiaoGradNonn, author = {Qiao, Yu and Grad, Marius and Nonn, Aida}, title = {Toward an Efficient and Robust Process-Structure Prediction Framework for Filigree L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel Structures}, series = {Metals}, volume = {15}, journal = {Metals}, number = {7}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2075-4701}, doi = {10.3390/met15070812}, pages = {22}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing (AM), particularly laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), provides unmatched design flexibility for creating intricate steel structures with minimal post-processing. However, adopting L-PBF for high-performance applications is difficult due to the challenge of predicting microstructure evolution. This is because the process is sensitive to many parameters and has a complex thermal history. Thin-walled geometries present an added challenge because their dimensions often approach the scale of individual grains. Thus, microstructure becomes a critical factor in the overall integrity of the component. This study focuses on applying cellular automata (CA) modeling to establish robust and efficient process-structure relationships in L-PBF of 316L stainless steel. The CA framework simulates solidification-driven grain evolution and texture development across various processing conditions. Model predictions are evaluated against experimental electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data, with additional quantitative comparisons based on texture and morphology metrics. The results demonstrate that CA simulations calibrated with relevant process parameters can effectively reproduce key microstructural features, including grain size distributions, aspect ratios, and texture components, observed in thin-walled L-PBF structures. This work highlights the strengths and limitations of CA-based modeling and supports its role in reliably designing and optimizing complex L-PBF components.}, language = {en} } @article{KranzWagnerPointneretal., author = {Kranz, Michael and Wagner, Maria Stella and Pointner, Daniel and Haus, Moritz and Lubnow, Matthias and Lehle, Karla and Krenkel, Lars}, title = {Polymer embedding of membrane lungs for histological investigations of intra-device clot formation}, series = {Cardiovascular Medicine}, volume = {13}, journal = {Cardiovascular Medicine}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne}, doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2026.1650978}, pages = {21}, abstract = {Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an invasive but potentially lifesaving treatment option for severe cardiac or respiratory failure. Despite its beneficial effect, coagulation-related complications, mainly due to clot formation, excessive bleeding and the accumulation of deposits in the membrane lung (ML) remain common, causing higher mortality. In this context, the formation of clots and other deposits in the ML is of particular interest. Previous histological examinations of the polymethylpentene fiber mats inside the ML could only be performed in a top view, prohibiting valid quantification and examination of the multi-layered deposits or fiber mat spanning structures. Our objective was the establishment of a polymer embedding to increase the mechanical stability of the deposits and thus enable cross-sectional microtome cutting through the ML hollow-fibers. Clinically used MLs (PLS, Getinge, Rastatt, Germany) were stabilized with a polymer resin (HistoCURE 8100). Specimens were cut out of the embedded MLs and microtome sections with a thickness of 10 µm were performed. In addition to standard histological staining with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Pappenheim (May-Grunwald-Giemsa), fluorescence DNA staining for nucleated cells with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and SYTOX™ Green as well as immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining for the lysosomal enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were established. The protocol provides a method for large volume embedding (400 mL). The cellular and extracellular deposits were securely fixed by the polymer scaffold allowing the examination of clots in MLs in native position which was not possible with conventional paraffin embedding. Multi-layered deposits and fiber mat spanning structures are no longer disrupted during specimen extraction and can now be quantified. Staining with HE, Pappenheim, DAPI, SYTOX™ Green, MPO, and vWF was successfully tested with this protocol. This method may be the foundation for new insights into the complex clotting phenomena observed in MLs}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WagnerHayNeidhartetal., author = {Wagner, Bernd and Hay, Stefan and Neidhart, Thomas and Spirkl, Florian and Ried, Michael and Zrenner, Louis and Weidlich, Ingo and Gabriel, Eugen and Banning, Timo}, title = {TFSB as Bedding Material in District Heating Pipe Constructin - Scientifically Proven Long-Term Experience}, series = {Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling; 2025, Genk (Belgium)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling; 2025, Genk (Belgium)}, editor = {Vanhoudt, Dirk}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {9783032098443}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-09844-3_10}, pages = {99 -- 108}, abstract = {Following the explanation of the increasing importance of alternative backfill materials like TFSB, TFSB and their status in terms of science and technology are depicted. Selected results of the research project FW-ZFSV 4.0 are presented: computer-aided static calculation, in situ long term loading of district heating pipes in TFSB and sand, quality assurance and resource conservation. The conclusions provide an overall assessment of the use of TFSB in district heating pipe construction.}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Public images of artificial intelligence: an overview}, series = {media-culture-social communication}, journal = {media-culture-social communication}, number = {21}, publisher = {Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie}, address = {Olsztyn}, doi = {10.31648/mcsc.10343}, pages = {9 -- 24}, abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) is not only a ubiquitous topic in scholarly debates but in recent years has also received increased media and political attention. Discussions, initially strongly influenced by autonomous vehicles but currently dominated by expectations concerning generative AI such as ChatGPT, have contributed to public awareness. There are debate cycles, often characterized by a significant decline in public attention after a certain period of time, and the issue to a large extent or completely disappears from mass media's agenda; also, they are often specific to certain countries. In this paper, a cursory cross-country overview concerning studies on media representations and the public perception of AI is provided. The use of AI in healthcare will be particularly highlighted, as there are currently high expectations regarding the benefits of AI, but other areas of application will also be considered. It will be tentatively concluded that in many countries, public perception of and public attitudes toward AI often is based on superficial knowledge and even prejudices.}, language = {en} } @article{GlavanBelyaevaShamoninChamonine, author = {Glavan, Gašper and Belyaeva, Inna A. and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {Multiferroic Cantilevers Containing a Magnetoactive Elastomer: Magnetoelectric Response to Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields of Triangular and Sinusoidal Waveform}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {22}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/s22103791}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {In this work, multiferroic cantilevers comprise a layer of a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) and a commercially available piezoelectric polymer-based vibration sensor. The structures are fixed at one end in the horizontal plane and the magnetic field is applied vertically. First, the magnetoelectric (ME) response to uniform, triangle-wave magnetic fields with five different slew rates is investigated experimentally. Time and field dependences of the generated voltage, electric charge, and observed mechanical deflection are obtained and compared for four different thicknesses of the MAE layer. The ME responses to triangular and sinusoidal wave excitations are examined in contrast. Second, the ME response at low frequencies (≤3 Hz) is studied by the standard method of harmonic magnetic field modulation. The highest ME coupling coefficient is observed in the bias magnetic field strength of ≈73 kA/m and it is estimated to be about 3.3 ns/m (ME voltage coefficient ≈ 25 V/A) at theoretically vanishing modulation frequency (f→0 Hz). Presented results demonstrate that the investigated heterostructures are promising for applications as magnetic-field sensors and energy harvesting devices.}, language = {en} } @incollection{DeutelMallahWissingetal., author = {Deutel, Mark and Mallah, Maen and Wissing, Julio and Scheele, Stephan}, title = {Recent Trends in Edge AI: Efficient Design, Training and Deployment of Machine Learning Models}, series = {Charting the Intelligence Frontiers - Edge AI Systems Nexus}, booktitle = {Charting the Intelligence Frontiers - Edge AI Systems Nexus}, editor = {Vermesan, Ovidiu and Pagani, Alain and Meloni, Paolo}, publisher = {River Publishers}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9788743808862}, doi = {10.1201/9788743808862-9}, pages = {181 -- 220}, abstract = {With a rising demand for ubiquitous smart systems, processing and interpreting large quantities of data generated on the edge at a high velocity is becoming an increasingly important challenge. Machine learning (ML) models such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are an essential tool of today's artificial intelligence due to their ability to make accurate predictions given complex tasks and environments. However, Deep Learning is computationally complex and energy intensive. This seems to contradict the characteristics of many edge devices, which have only limited memory, computational resources, and energy budget available. To overcome this challenge, an efficient ML model design is crucial that incorporates available optimization techniques from hardware, software, and methodological perspective to enable energy-efficient deployment and operation on the edge. This work comprehensively summarizes recent techniques for training, optimizing, and deploying ML models targeting edge devices. We discuss different strategies for finding deployable ML models, scalable DNN architectures, neural architecture search, and multi-objective optimization approaches, to enable feasible trade-offs considering available resources and latency. Furthermore, we give insight into DNN compression methods such 182as quantization and pruning. We conclude by investigating different forms of cascaded processing, from simple multi-level approaches to highly branched compute graphs and early-exit DNNs.}, language = {en} } @article{GlavanBelyaevaShamoninChamonine, author = {Glavan, Gašper and Belyaeva, Inna A. and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {Transient Response of Macroscopic Deformation of Magnetoactive Elastomeric Cylinders in Uniform Magnetic Fields}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {16}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {5, Special Issue Magnetic Polymer Composites: Design and Application II}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel, Schweiz}, issn = {2073-4360}, doi = {10.3390/polym16050586}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-71067}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Significant deformations of bodies made from compliant magnetoactive elastomers (MAE) in magnetic fields make these materials promising for applications in magnetically controlled actuators for soft robotics. Reported experimental research in this context was devoted to the behaviour in the quasi-static magnetic field, but the transient dynamics are of great practical importance. This paper presents an experimental study of the transient response of apparent longitudinal and transverse strains of a family of isotropic and anisotropic MAE cylinders with six different aspect ratios in time-varying uniform magnetic fields. The time dependence of the magnetic field has a trapezoidal form, where the rate of both legs is varied between 52 and 757 kA/(s·m) and the maximum magnetic field takes three values between 153 and 505 kA/m. It is proposed to introduce four characteristic times: two for the delay of the transient response during increasing and decreasing magnetic field, as well as two for rise and fall times. To facilitate the comparison between different magnetic field rates, these characteristic times are further normalized on the rise time of the magnetic field ramp. The dependence of the normalized characteristic times on the aspect ratio, the magnetic field slew rate, maximum magnetic field values, initial internal structure (isotropic versus anisotropic specimens) and weight fraction of the soft-magnetic filler are obtained and discussed in detail. The normalized magnetostrictive hysteresis loop is introduced, and used to explain why the normalized delay times vary with changing experimental parameters.}, language = {en} } @article{OrtnerKoekten, author = {Ortner, Martina and K{\"o}kten, Rabia}, title = {Rechtsextremismus transnational betrachtet : das Forschungsprojekt zur {\"U}lk{\"u}c{\"u}-Bewegung in Bayern stellt sich vor}, series = {RadiX - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Radikalisierungsforschung und Pr{\"a}vention}, volume = {1}, journal = {RadiX - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Radikalisierungsforschung und Pr{\"a}vention}, number = {2}, publisher = {Verlag Barbara Budrich}, issn = {2944-1382}, doi = {10.3224/radix.vXiX.409890}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-84211}, pages = {21}, abstract = {Deutschland ist eine postmigrantische Gesellschaft. Die damit einhergehende Pluralit{\"a}t beschr{\"a}nkt sich nicht nur auf Herk{\"u}nfte und Biografien, sondern spiegelt sich auch in Lebensentw{\"u}rfen und politischen Einstellungen wider, die nicht nur demokratisch, sondern menschenverachtend-v{\"o}lkisch und antidemokratisch sein k{\"o}nnen. Im Projekt ReTra geht es darum, mehr {\"u}ber Strukturen, Akteur:innen und Aktivit{\"a}ten von t{\"u}rkischen extrem rechten Organisationen in Bayern zu erfahren. Dabei wird der Einfluss von politischen Ver{\"a}nderungen in der T{\"u}rkei miteinbezogen. Das Projekt leistet einen Beitrag zur Rechtsextremismusforschung unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung sich aufspannender transnationaler sozialer R{\"a}ume. Die qualitative Studie wird erg{\"a}nzt durch einen partizipativen Forschungsansatz, in dem zivilgesellschaftlich Aktive als Co-Forschende einbezogen werden. Fortlaufend wird die Fachdiskussion mit einschl{\"a}gigen Wissenschaftler:innen gef{\"u}hrt. So entsteht ein Netzwerk, durch das ein kontinuierlicher Forschungs-Praxis Austausch erm{\"o}glicht wird. Durch eine Handreichung leistet das Projekt einen Beitrag f{\"u}r die zivilgesellschaftliche Praxis und dar{\"u}ber hinaus f{\"u}r ein demokratisches Miteinander.}, language = {de} } @article{KrausKnipferJacobetal., author = {Kraus, Richard and Knipfer, Maximilian and Jacob, Matthias and Kienninger, Baerbel and Alikhani, Jasmine and Ghamsary, Parham Heydarzadeh and Reinker, Lukas and Adler, Ina and Dendorfer, Sebastian and Kieninger, Martin}, title = {Effectiveness and safety of techniques for cervical spine immobilization in mountain rescue}, series = {Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine}, volume = {34}, journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1186/s13049-025-01530-z}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Background Cervical spine injuries in alpine sports require immediate immobilization at the site of the accident to avoid possible secondary damage caused by transportation. Using special sensor technology, this study investigated whether a cervical spine orthosis (cervical collar, Stifneck collar (Laerdal Medical GmbH, Puchheim, Germany)) provides greater stability than a vacuum mattress alone. Methods Using one male test person, we simulated transporting a patient with a spinal injury in steep alpine terrain. A wireless motion capture system (Xsens Technologies, Movella™ Inc., Henderson, USA) was used to record motion in three-dimensional space within a standardized environment. All tests were performed on a set course by the Bavarian Mountain Rescue Service. The test person lay on a mountain rescue stretcher and was immobilized with a vacuum mattress, either with or without a cervical orthosis. The axes of cervical spine movements were analyzed separately. Results There were no significant differences between immobilization with and without a cervical orthosis with regard to lateral flexion (max. 3.7° compared to 3.0°) in the frontal plane and maximum excursion in flexion (max. 1.6° compared to 2.8°) or extension (max. -1.6° compared to -1.7°). There was significantly greater rotation movement around the craniocaudal axis without an orthosis (max. 2.4° compared to 1.3°). Conclusion During mountain rescues, the cervical spine can be immobilized without a rigid cervical spine orthosis. Future research should explore the fundamental benefits of cervical spine immobilization, while the findings of this work contribute to the safe care of patients by avoiding the disadvantages associated with rigid cervical orthoses.}, language = {en} } @article{SchiekSolntsevNeshev2025, author = {Schiek, Roland and Solntsev, Alexander S. and Neshev, Dragomir N.}, title = {Measurement of the cubic nonlinear susceptibility in lithium niobate}, series = {Optical Materials Express}, volume = {15}, journal = {Optical Materials Express}, number = {5}, publisher = {Optica Publishing Group}, issn = {2159-3930}, doi = {10.1364/OME.557516}, pages = {1100 -- 1117}, year = {2025}, abstract = {We measured the cubic nonlinear susceptibility tensor elements ( χ(3)) for polarization along the primary crystallographic axis in titanium-indiffused lithium niobate waveguides, assessed through self-phase modulation using picosecond-duration pulses at telecommunication wavelengths. A dominant, highly temperature- and wavelength-dependent contribution from a cascaded second-order nonlinearity is observed. Through careful extraction of the cascaded effect, we quantify the intrinsic third-order susceptibility tensor elements as χ(3) zzzz(ω; ω, ω, -ω) = (5.2 ± 1.3) × 10-21 m2 V2 and χ(3) xxxx(ω; ω, ω, -ω) = χ(3) yyyy(ω; ω, ω, -ω) = (3.6 ± 0.8) × 10-21 m2 V2 . These measurements underscore the substantial impact of the cascaded nonlinearity in enhancing the effective cubic nonlinearity in lithium niobate and offer precise values essential for the design of nonlinear photonic devices.}, language = {en} } @article{DoblerWalterKnopfetal., author = {Dobler, Barbara and Walter, Cornelia and Knopf, Antje and Fabri, Daniella and L{\"o}schel, Rainer and Polednik, Martin and Schneider, Frank and Wenz, Frederik and Lohr, Frank}, title = {Optimization of extracranial stereotactic radiation therapy of small lung lesions using accurate dose calculation algorithms}, series = {Radiation Oncology}, volume = {1}, journal = {Radiation Oncology}, publisher = {BMC ; Springer}, doi = {10.1186/1748-717X-1-45}, pages = {11}, abstract = {BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare and to validate different dose calculation algorithms for the use in radiation therapy of small lung lesions and to optimize the treatment planning using accurate dose calculation algorithms. METHODS A 9-field conformal treatment plan was generated on an inhomogeneous phantom with lung mimics and a soft tissue equivalent insert, mimicking a lung tumor. The dose distribution was calculated with the Pencil Beam and Collapsed Cone algorithms implemented in Masterplan (Nucletron) and the Monte Carlo system XVMC and validated using Gafchromic EBT films. Differences in dose distribution were evaluated. The plans were then optimized by adding segments to the outer shell of the target in order to increase the dose near the interface to the lung. RESULTS The Pencil Beam algorithm overestimated the dose by up to 15\% compared to the measurements. Collapsed Cone and Monte Carlo predicted the dose more accurately with a maximum difference of -8\% and -3\% respectively compared to the film. Plan optimization by adding small segments to the peripheral parts of the target, creating a 2-step fluence modulation, allowed to increase target coverage and homogeneity as compared to the uncorrected 9 field plan. CONCLUSION The use of forward 2-step fluence modulation in radiotherapy of small lung lesions allows the improvement of tumor coverage and dose homogeneity as compared to non-modulated treatment plans and may thus help to increase the local tumor control probability. While the Collapsed Cone algorithm is closer to measurements than the Pencil Beam algorithm, both algorithms are limited at tissue/lung interfaces, leaving Monte-Carlo the most accurate algorithm for dose prediction.}, language = {en} } @article{BrollRosentrittSchlegletal., author = {Broll, Alexander and Rosentritt, Martin and Schlegl, Thomas and Goldhacker, Markus}, title = {A data-driven approach for the partial reconstruction of individual human molar teeth using generative deep learning}, series = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence}, publisher = {Frontiers Media SA}, issn = {2624-8212}, doi = {10.3389/frai.2024.1339193}, abstract = {Background and objectiveDue to the high prevalence of dental caries, fixed dental restorations are regularly required to restore compromised teeth or replace missing teeth while retaining function and aesthetic appearance. The fabrication of dental restorations, however, remains challenging due to the complexity of the human masticatory system as well as the unique morphology of each individual dentition. Adaptation and reworking are frequently required during the insertion of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), which increase cost and treatment time. This article proposes a data-driven approach for the partial reconstruction of occlusal surfaces based on a data set that comprises 92 3D mesh files of full dental crown restorations.MethodsA Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is considered for the given task in view of its ability to represent extensive data sets in an unsupervised manner with a wide variety of applications. Having demonstrated good capabilities in terms of image quality and training stability, StyleGAN-2 has been chosen as the main network for generating the occlusal surfaces. A 2D projection method is proposed in order to generate 2D representations of the provided 3D tooth data set for integration with the StyleGAN architecture. The reconstruction capabilities of the trained network are demonstrated by means of 4 common inlay types using a Bayesian Image Reconstruction method. This involves pre-processing the data in order to extract the necessary information of the tooth preparations required for the used method as well as the modification of the initial reconstruction loss.ResultsThe reconstruction process yields satisfactory visual and quantitative results for all preparations with a root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from 0.02 mm to 0.18 mm. When compared against a clinical procedure for CAD inlay fabrication, the group of dentists preferred the GAN-based restorations for 3 of the total 4 inlay geometries.ConclusionsThis article shows the effectiveness of the StyleGAN architecture with a downstream optimization process for the reconstruction of 4 different inlay geometries. The independence of the reconstruction process and the initial training of the GAN enables the application of the method for arbitrary inlay geometries without time-consuming retraining of the GAN.}, language = {en} } @article{OttRosengarthDoenitzetal., author = {Ott, Christian and Rosengarth, Katharina and Doenitz, Christian and Hoehne, Julius and Wendl, Christina and Dodoo-Schittko, Frank and Lang, Elmar Wolfgang and Schmidt, Nils Ole and Goldhacker, Markus}, title = {Preoperative Assessment of Language Dominance through Combined Resting-State and Task-Based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging}, series = {Journal of personalized medicine}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of personalized medicine}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/jpm11121342}, abstract = {Brain lesions in language-related cortical areas remain a challenge in the clinical routine. In recent years, the resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) was shown to be a feasible method for preoperative language assessment. The aim of this study was to examine whether language-related resting-state components, which have been obtained using a data-driven independent-component-based identification algorithm, can be supportive in determining language dominance in the left or right hemisphere. Twenty patients suffering from brain lesions close to supposed language-relevant cortical areas were included. RS-fMRI and task-based (TB-fMRI) were performed for the purpose of preoperative language assessment. TB-fMRI included a verb generation task with an appropriate control condition (a syllable switching task) to decompose language-critical and language-supportive processes. Subsequently, the best fitting ICA component for the resting-state language network (RSLN) referential to general linear models (GLMs) of the TB-fMRI (including models with and without linguistic control conditions) was identified using an algorithm based on the Dice index. Thereby, the RSLNs associated with GLMs using a linguistic control condition led to significantly higher laterality indices than GLM baseline contrasts. LIs derived from GLM contrasts with and without control conditions alone did not differ significantly. In general, the results suggest that determining language dominance in the human brain is feasible both with TB-fMRI and RS-fMRI, and in particular, the combination of both approaches yields a higher specificity in preoperative language assessment. Moreover, we can conclude that the choice of the language mapping paradigm is crucial for the mentioned benefits.}, language = {en} } @misc{OttRosengarthDoenitzetal., author = {Ott, Christian and Rosengarth, K. and Doenitz, Christian and Hoehne, Julius and Wendl, C. and Dodoo-Schittko, Frank and Lang, Elmar Wolfgang and Schmidt, Nils Ole and Goldhacker, Markus}, title = {Preoperative assessment of language dominance through combined resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging}, series = {Brain and Spine}, volume = {1}, journal = {Brain and Spine}, number = {Suppl. 2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.bas.2021.100523}, abstract = {Background: Brain lesions in language-related cortical areas remain a challenge in the clinical routine. In recent years the resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) was shown to be a feasible method for preoperative language assessment. The aim of this study was to examine whether language-related resting-state components, which have been obtained using a data-driven independent-component-based identification algorithm, can be supportive in determining language dominance in the left or right hemisphere. Methods: Twenty patients suffering from brain lesions close to supposed language relevant cortical areas were included. Rs-fMRI and task-based (tb-fMRI) were performed for the purpose of preoperative language assessment. Tb-fMRI included a verb generation task with an appropriate control condition (a syllable switching task) to decompose language critical and language supportive processes. Subsequently, the best fitting ICA component for the resting-state language network (RSLN) referential to general linear models (GLMs) of the tb-fMRI (including models with and without linguistic control conditions) was identified using an algorithm based on the Dice-index. Results: The RSLNs associated with GLMs using a linguistic control condition led to significantly higher laterality indices than GLM baseline contrasts. LIs derived from GLM contrasts with and without control conditions alone did not differ significantly. Conclusion: In general, the results suggest that determining language dominance in the human brain is feasible both with tb-fMRI and rs-fMRI, and in particular, the combination of both approaches yields a higher specificity in preoperative language assessment. Moreover, we can conclude that the choice of the language mapping paradigm is crucial for the mentioned benefits.}, language = {en} } @article{GoldhackerTomeGreenleeetal., author = {Goldhacker, Markus and Tom{\´e}, Ana Maria and Greenlee, Mark W. and Lang, Elmar Wolfgang}, title = {Frequency-Resolved Dynamic Functional Connectivity Reveals Scale-Stable Features of Connectivity-States}, series = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1662-5161}, doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2018.00253}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {Investigating temporal variability of functional connectivity is an emerging field in connectomics. Entering dynamic functional connectivity by applying sliding window techniques on resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) time courses emerged from this topic. We introduce frequency-resolved dynamic functional connectivity (frdFC) by means of multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) followed up by filter-bank investigations. In general, we find that MEMD is capable of generating time courses to perform frdFC and we discover that the structure of connectivity-states is robust over frequency scales and even becomes more evident with decreasing frequency. This scale-stability varies with the number of extracted clusters when applying k-means. We find a scale-stability drop-off from k = 4 to k = 5 extracted connectivity-states, which is corroborated by null-models, simulations, theoretical considerations, filter-banks, and scale-adjusted windows. Our filter-bank studies show that filter design is more delicate in the rs-fMRI than in the simulated case. Besides offering a baseline for further frdFC research, we suggest and demonstrate the use of scale-stability as a possible quality criterion for connectivity-state and model selection. We present first evidence showing that connectivity-states are both a multivariate, and a multiscale phenomenon. A data repository of our frequency-resolved time-series is provided.}, language = {en} } @article{FellnerVolbergWimberetal., author = {Fellner, Marie-Christin and Volberg, Gregor and Wimber, Maria and Goldhacker, Markus and Greenlee, Mark W. and Hanslmayr, Simon}, title = {Spatial mnemonic encoding: Theta power decreases and medial temporal lobe BOLD increases co-occur during the usage of the method of loci}, series = {eNeuro}, volume = {3}, journal = {eNeuro}, number = {6}, publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {2373-2822}, doi = {10.1523/ENEURO.0184-16.2016}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {The method of loci is one, if not the most, efficient mnemonic encoding strategy. This spatial mnemonic combines the core cognitive processes commonly linked to medial temporal lobe (MTL) activity: spatial and associative memory processes. During such processes, fMRI studies consistently demonstrate MTL activity, while electrophysiological studies have emphasized the important role of theta oscillations (3-8 Hz) in the MTL. However, it is still unknown whether increases or decreases in theta power co-occur with increased BOLD signal in the MTL during memory encoding. To investigate this question, we recorded EEG and fMRI separately, while human participants used the spatial method of loci or the pegword method, a similarly associative but nonspatial mnemonic. The more effective spatial mnemonic induced a pronounced theta power decrease source localized to the left MTL compared with the nonspatial associative mnemonic strategy. This effect was mirrored by BOLD signal increases in the MTL. Successful encoding, irrespective of the strategy used, elicited decreases in left temporal theta power and increases in MTL BOLD activity. This pattern of results suggests a negative relationship between theta power and BOLD signal changes in the MTL during memory encoding and spatial processing. The findings extend the well known negative relation of alpha/beta oscillations and BOLD signals in the cortex to theta oscillations in the MTL.}, language = {en} } @article{PlankRosengarthSchmalhoferetal., author = {Plank, Tina and Rosengarth, Katharina and Schmalhofer, Carolin and Goldhacker, Markus and Brandl-R{\"u}hle, Sabine and Greenlee, Mark W.}, title = {Perceptual learning in patients with macular degeneration}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {5}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01189}, pages = {1 -- 14}, abstract = {Patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or hereditary macular dystrophies (JMD) rely on an efficient use of their peripheral visual field. We trained eight AMD and five JMD patients to perform a texture-discrimination task (TDT) at their preferred retinal locus (PRL) used for fixation. Six training sessions of approximately one hour duration were conducted over a period of approximately 3 weeks. Before, during and after training twelve patients and twelve age-matched controls (the data from two controls had to be discarded later) took part in three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions to assess training-related changes in the BOLD response in early visual cortex. Patients benefited from the training measurements as indexed by significant decrease (p = 0.001) in the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between the presentation of the texture target on background and the visual mask, and in a significant location specific effect of the PRL with respect to hit rate (p = 0.014). The following trends were observed: (i) improvement in Vernier acuity for an eccentric line-bisection task; (ii) positive correlation between the development of BOLD signals in early visual cortex and initial fixation stability (r = 0.531); (iii) positive correlation between the increase in task performance and initial fixation stability (r = 0.730). The first two trends were non-significant, whereas the third trend was significant at p = 0.014, Bonferroni corrected. Consequently, our exploratory study suggests that training on the TDT can enhance eccentric vision in patients with central vision loss. This enhancement is accompanied by a modest alteration in the BOLD response in early visual cortex.}, language = {en} } @misc{GreenleeAnstisRosengarthetal., author = {Greenlee, Mark W. and Anstis, Stuart and Rosengarth, Katharina and Goldhacker, Markus and Brandl-R{\"u}hle, Sabine and Plank, Tina}, title = {Neural correlates of perceptual filling-in: fMRI evidence in the foveal projection zone of patients with central scotoma}, series = {Journal of Vision / Vision Sciences Society Annual Meeting Abstract}, volume = {12}, journal = {Journal of Vision / Vision Sciences Society Annual Meeting Abstract}, number = {9}, publisher = {ARVO}, issn = {1534-7362}, doi = {10.1167/12.9.1303}, abstract = {Patients with juvenile retinal dystrophy often report that they are unaware of their central scotoma, suggesting the presence of perceptual filling-in. We used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to determine possible neural correlates of perceptual filling-in in patients with retinal distrophy and clinically established central scotoma in both eyes. The data of 5 patients (Stargardt disease, cone-rod dystrophy; mean age 45 yrs; scotoma diameter 10-20°) and of 5 normally sighted controls were analyzed. Fixation behaviour and perimetry were measured with a Nidek microperimeter. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed using a Siemens 3T Allegra scanner. We stimulated the central visual field (30 deg) with a vertically oriented, low spatial frequency (1 c/deg) high-contrast sinewave grating that was either a) continuous, or b) was interrupted by a central grey disk. The disk was either slightly larger than the scotoma (detectable on 75\% of trials) or slightly smaller (detectable on 25\% of trials). To control for attention, an eccentric fixation task was performed during scanning. Data were analyzed using SPM8 (GLM with ROI analysis to obtain percent signal change for foveal projection zone). Results: for all patients, the BOLD signal in the foveal projection area was significantly higher for the small disk (i.e., condition leading to complete filling-in) than for the large disk (i.e., no filling-in). This effect was absent in the control subjects. Our findings support the existence of an active neural process that leads to filling-in in patients with central visual field scotomata.}, language = {en} } @article{WeinTomeGoldhackeretal., author = {Wein, Simon and Tom{\´e}, Ana Maria and Goldhacker, Markus and Greenlee, Mark W. and Lang, Elmar Wolfgang}, title = {A Constrained ICA-EMD Model for Group Level fMRI Analysis}, series = {Frontiers in Neuroscience}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience}, publisher = {frontiers}, issn = {1662-453X}, doi = {10.3389/fnins.2020.00221}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Independent component analysis (ICA), being a data-driven method, has been shown to be a powerful tool for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis. One drawback of this multivariate approach is that it is not, in general, compatible with the analysis of group data. Various techniques have been proposed to overcome this limitation of ICA. In this paper, a novel ICA-based workflow for extracting resting-state networks from fMRI group studies is proposed. An empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used, in a data-driven manner, to generate reference signals that can be incorporated into a constrained version of ICA (cICA), thereby eliminating the inherent ambiguities of ICA. The results of the proposed workflow are then compared to those obtained by a widely used group ICA approach for fMRI analysis. In this study, we demonstrate that intrinsic modes, extracted by EMD, are suitable to serve as references for cICA. This approach yields typical resting-state patterns that are consistent over subjects. By introducing these reference signals into the ICA, our processing pipeline yields comparable activity patterns across subjects in a mathematically transparent manner. Our approach provides a user-friendly tool to adjust the trade-off between a high similarity across subjects and preserving individual subject features of the independent components.}, language = {en} } @article{GreenleeRosengarthSchmalhoferetal., author = {Greenlee, Mark W. and Rosengarth, Katharina and Schmalhofer, Carolin and Goldhacker, Markus and Brandl-R{\"u}hle, Sabine and Plank, Tina}, title = {Perceptual learning in patients with central scotomata due to hereditary and age-related macular dystrophy}, series = {Journal of Vision}, volume = {14}, journal = {Journal of Vision}, number = {10}, publisher = {ARVO}, issn = {1468-4233}, doi = {10.1167/14.10.666}, abstract = {Hereditary and age-related forms of macular dystrophy (MD) are characterized by loss of cone function in the fovea, leading to central scotomata and eccentric fixation at the so-called preferred retinal locus (PRL). We investigated whether perceptual learning enhances visual abilities at the PRL. We also determined the neural correlates (3-Tesla fMRI) of learning success. Twelve MD patients (eight with age-related macular dystrophy, four with hereditary macular dystrophies) were trained on a texture discrimination task (TDT) over six days. Patients underwent three fMRI sessions (before, during and after training) while performing the TDT (target at PRL or opposite PRL). Reading speed, visual acuity (Vernier task) and contrast sensitivity were also assessed before and after training. With one exception, all patients showed improved performance (i.e. significant decrease in stimulus onset asynchronies and reaction times, significant increase in hit rates) on the TDT. Eight patients also showed moderate increases in reading speed, six patients showed improved thresholds in contrast sensitivity and nine patients showed improved thresholds in a vernier visual acuity task after TDT training. We found an increase in BOLD response in the projections zone of the PRL in the primary visual cortex in nine of twelve patients after training. The change in fMRI signal correlated (r = .8; p = .02) with the patients{\^a}€™ performance enhancements when the target was in the PRL. The results suggest that perceptual learning can enhance eccentric vision and cortical processing in MD patients.}, language = {en} } @article{LambertKrausDoepfertetal., author = {Lambert, Jerry and Kraus, Hermann and Doepfert, Markus and He, Miaomiao and Gschossmann, David and Ceruti, Amedeo and Nemeth, Isabell and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver and Hamacher, Thomas and Spliethoff, Hartmut}, title = {Assessing the techno-economic impact of district heating on electrical distribution grid reinforcements}, series = {Advances in Applied Energy}, volume = {20}, journal = {Advances in Applied Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2666-7924}, doi = {10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100251}, pages = {21}, abstract = {Enhanced sector coupling across electricity, mobility, and heating sectors leads to higher efforts for distribution grid upgrades. Based on a case study, this paper evaluates the role of district heating networks in reducing electrical distribution grid reinforcements and compares their economic viability against a building-specific heat supply using heat pumps. A detailed energy system model is used to analyze two building energy renovation scenarios: a business-as-usual scenario with a 1 \% annual renovation rate and an ambitious scenario with a rate of 2 \%. Using a two-step optimization, the impact of different district heating network penetration levels on the distribution grid is evaluated, followed by an ex-post analysis to incorporate a simultaneity factor into district heating networks. Overall, district heating networks can reduce distribution grid reinforcements, but the associated savings alone do not justify their construction, particularly in the ambitious renovation scenario. In the business-as-usual scenario, a district heating network can reduce reinforcement costs by up to 71 \%. However, in the ambitious scenario, grid reinforcements are already reduced due to lower heat peak demand, and the maximal reinforcement cost savings only amount to 35 \%. Compared economically, district heating networks are cost-competitive with building-specific heating only in the business-as-usual scenario, up to a heat supply share of 70 \% and in the ambitious scenario, up to 40 \%. In both scenarios, a district heating network can be a robust solution to lower macroeconomic costs for a carbon-neutral heat supply.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchoenbergerTrummerMauerer, author = {Sch{\"o}nberger, Manuel and Trummer, Immanuel and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Hybrid Mixed Integer Linear Programming for Large-Scale Join Order Optimisation}, series = {Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment}, volume = {19}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment}, number = {3}, publisher = {VLDB Endowment}, doi = {10.14778/3778092.3778097}, pages = {348 -- 360}, abstract = {Finding optimal join orders is among the most crucial steps to be performed by query optimisers. Though extensively studied in data management research, the problem remains far from solved: While query optimisers rely on exhaustive search methods to determine ideal solutions for small problems, such methods reach their limits once queries grow in size. Yet, large queries become increasingly common in real-world scenarios, and require suitable methods to generate efficient execution plans. While a variety of heuristics have been proposed for large-scale query optimisation, they suffer from degrading solution quality as queries grow in size, or feature highly sub-optimal worst-case behavior, as we will show. We propose a novel method based on the paradigm of mixed integer linear programming (MILP): By deriving a novel MILP model capable of optimising arbitrary bushy tree structures, we address the limitations of existing MILP methods for join ordering, and can rely on highly optimised MILP solvers to derive efficient tree structures that elude competing methods. To ensure optimisation efficiency, we embed our MILP method into a hybrid framework, which applies MILP solvers precisely where they provide the greatest advantage over competitors, while relying on more efficient methods for less complex optimisation steps. Thereby, our approach gracefully scales to extremely large query sizes joining up to 100 relations, and consistently achieves the most robust plan quality among a large variety of competing join ordering methods.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidbauerLobeSchaeferetal., author = {Schmidbauer, Lukas and Lobe, Elisabeth and Schaefer, Ina and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {It's Quick to be Square: Fast Quadratisation for Quantum Toolchains}, series = {ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing}, volume = {7}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing}, number = {2}, publisher = {ACM}, doi = {10.1145/3800943}, pages = {46}, abstract = {Many of the envisioned use-cases for quantum computers involve optimisation processes. While there are many algorithmic primitives to perform the required calculations, all eventually lead to quantum gates operating on quantum bits, with an order as determined by the structure of the objective function and the properties of target hardware. When the structure of the problem representation is not aligned with structure and boundary conditions of the executing hardware, various overheads degrading the computation may arise, possibly negating any possible quantum advantage. Therefore, automatic transformations of problem representations play an important role in quantum computing when descriptions (semi-)targeted at humans must be cast into forms that can be "executed" on quantum computers. Mathematically equivalent formulations are known to result in substantially different non-functional properties depending on hardware, algorithm and detail properties of the problem. Given the current state of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware, these effects are considerably more pronounced than in classical computing. Likewise, efficiency of the transformation itself is relevant because possible quantum advantage may easily be eradicated by the overhead of transforming between representations. In this paper, we consider a specific class of higher-level representations, that is, PUBOs, and devise novel automatic transformation mechanisms into widely used QUBOs that substantially improve efficiency and versatility over the state of the art. In addition, we conduct a comprehensive investigation of industry-relevant problem formulations and their conversion into a quantum-specific representation, identifying significant obstacles in scaling behaviour and demonstrating how these can be circumvented.}, language = {en} } @article{FranzSchoenbergerStrobletal., author = {Franz, Maja and Sch{\"o}nberger, Manuel and Strobl, Melvin and K{\"u}hn, Eileen and Streit, Achim and Zurita, P{\´i}a and Diefenthaler, Markus and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {From Hope to Heuristic: Realistic Runtime Estimates for Quantum Optimisation in NHEP}, series = {EPJ Web of Conferences; 27th International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2024)}, volume = {337}, journal = {EPJ Web of Conferences; 27th International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2024)}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, doi = {10.1051/epjconf/202533701282}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers, despite their limitations, present opportunities for near-term quantum advantages in Nuclear and High-Energy Physics (NHEP) when paired with specially designed quantum algorithms and processing units. This study focuses on core algorithms that solve optimization problems through the quadratic Ising or Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation model, specifically Quantum Annealing and the Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA). In particular, we estimate runtimes and scalability for the task of particle Track Reconstruction (TR), a key computing challenge in NHEP, and investigate how the classical parameter space in QAOA, along with techniques like a Fourieranalysis based heuristic, can facilitate future quantum advantages. The findings indicate that lower frequency components in the parameter space are crucial for effective annealing schedules, suggesting that heuristics can improve resource efficiency while achieving near-optimal results. Overall, the study highlights the potential of NISQ computers in NHEP and the significance of co-design approaches and heuristic techniques in overcoming challenges in quantum algorithms.}, language = {en} } @article{BrunnerVogl, author = {Brunner, Philipp and Vogl, Stefanie}, title = {Extracting Product Improvement Insights from Social Media Comments Using Machine Learning: a Case Study in the Automotive Industry}, series = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction}, volume = {8}, journal = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/make8020042}, pages = {14}, abstract = {This paper presents a scalable machine learning pipeline for extracting actionable, product-related insights from user-generated social media comments. Leveraging sentence embeddings from SBERT and unsupervised clustering (k-Means and agglomerative), the approach structures informal and noisy comments from Instagram and YouTube into topic groups intended to support thematic analysis. A case study on feedback regarding BMW vehicles, comprising more than 26,000 comments, illustrates how the pipeline can reveal recurring user concerns, such as design critiques, usability issues, and technology-related expectations, even in short and unstructured social media comments. The proposed pipeline operates without labeled data or manual annotation, enabling scalable application and transferability across product categories and industries. By transforming large-scale, unstructured consumer feedback into interpretable themes, the pipeline provides product teams with an efficient and structured basis for data-driven product development and improvement.}, language = {en} } @article{PointnerKranzWagneretal., author = {Pointner, Daniel and Kranz, Michael and Wagner, Maria Stella and Haus, Moritz and Lehle, Karla and Krenkel, Lars}, title = {Automated deep learning based detection of cellular deposits on clinically used ECMO membrane lungs}, series = {Frontiers in Bioinformatics}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Bioinformatics}, publisher = {Frontiers}, doi = {10.3389/fbinf.2026.1771574}, pages = {18}, abstract = {Introduction: Despite the promising application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of critically ill patients, coagulation-associated technical complications, primarily clot formation and critical bleeding, remain a major challenge during ECMO therapy. The deposition of nucleated cells on the surface has been shown, yet the role of these cells towards complication development is still matter of ongoing research. In particular, the membrane lung (MemL) is prone to clot formation. Therefore, the investigation of nuclear deposits on its hollow-fibers may provide insights for a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the development of ECMO complications. Methods: To support current research, this study aimed to develop a deep learning-based tool for the automated detection and quantitative analysis of nuclear depositions on MemL hollow-fiber mats. A customized fluorescence microscopy workflow, combined with a semi-automated iterative labeling strategy, was used to generate a high-quality dataset for model training. Results: Six configurations of instance segmentation models were evaluated, with a Mask R-CNN with ResNet 101 backbone using dilated convolution providing the most balanced performance in both nuclei count and area accuracy. Compared with U-Net-based approaches such as Cellpose or StarDist, the proposed model demonstrated superior segmentation of overlapping and low-intensity nuclei, maintaining accuracy even in densely packed cellular regions. Discussion: We present an automated image analysis tool for clinically used MemLs, which exhibit complex three-dimensional hollow-fiber architectures and irregular cellular deposits that challenge conventional tools. A dedicated graphical user interface enables streamlined detection, morphometric analysis, and spatial clustering of nuclei, establishing a reproducible workflow for high-throughput analysis of fluorescence microscopy images. This approach eliminates labor-intensive manual counting and facilitates large-scale studies on cell-fiber interactions and disease-related correlations.}, language = {en} }