@article{SchmidtKroegerClausenetal., author = {Schmidt, Thomas and Kr{\"o}ger, Roland and Clausen, T. and Falta, J. and Janzen, Andreas and Kammler, Martin and Kury, P. and Zahl, P. and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael}, title = {Surfactant-mediated epitaxy of Ge on Si(111): Beyond the surface}, series = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {86}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, number = {11}, publisher = {AIP}, doi = {10.1063/1.1882760}, abstract = {For a characterization of interface and "bulk" properties of Ge films grown on Si(111) by Sb surfactant-mediated epitaxy, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy have been used. The interface roughness, defect structure, and strain state have been investigated in dependence of film thickness and growth temperature. For all growth parameters, atomically smooth interfaces are observed. For thin Ge layers, about 75\% of the strain induced by the lattice mismatch is relaxed by misfit dislocations at the Ge/Si interface. Only a slight increase of the degree of relaxation is found for thicker films. At growth temperatures below about 600 °C, the formation of twins is observed, which can be avoided at higher temperatures.}, language = {en} } @article{FriggeWallKrenzeretal., author = {Frigge, Tim and Wall, S. and Krenzer, Boris and Wippermann, St. and Sanna, Simone and Klasing, Friedrich and Hanisch-Blicharski, Anja and Kammler, Martin and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael}, title = {Abstract - A Reply to the Comment by H. Shim et al.}, series = {Physical review letters}, volume = {111}, journal = {Physical review letters}, number = {14}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.149602}, language = {en} } @article{CheeKammlerGrahametal., author = {Chee, See Wee and Kammler, Martin and Graham, Jeremy and Ross, Frances M. and Hull, Robert}, title = {Direct Imaging of Microstructural Changes in Si Induced by FIB-Patterning with Si ++ and Ga + Ions}, series = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {17}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, number = {S2}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, doi = {10.1017/S1431927611004156}, pages = {656 -- 657}, language = {en} } @misc{SchliermannSaad, author = {Schliermann, Rainer and Saad, Amr Mohamed Roushdy}, title = {Evaluation einer von Trainern durchgef{\"u}hrten psychologischen Intervention am Beispiel der Sportart Rollstuhlbasketball}, series = {Sport vereinT : Psychologie und Bewegung in Gesellschaft ; 43. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie (asp) vom 2.-4. Juni 2011 in K{\"o}ln ; Abstractband}, journal = {Sport vereinT : Psychologie und Bewegung in Gesellschaft ; 43. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie (asp) vom 2.-4. Juni 2011 in K{\"o}ln ; Abstractband}, editor = {Ohlert, Jeannine and Kleinert, Jens}, publisher = {Feldhaus, Edition Czwalina}, address = {Hamburg}, isbn = {978-3-88020-566-6}, pages = {181}, subject = {Vereinssport}, language = {de} } @article{ScheidtNaveRichterFuchsetal., author = {Scheidt-Nave, Christa and Richter, Stefanie and Fuchs, Judith and Kuhlmey, Adelheid}, title = {Herausforderungen an die Gesundheitsforschung f{\"u}r eine alternde Gesellschaft am Beispiel "Multimorbidit{\"a}t"}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {53}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, issn = {1437-1588}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-010-1052-9}, pages = {441 -- 450}, abstract = {Indem ein wachsender Anteil der Bev{\"o}lkerung ein hohes Alter erreicht, {\"a}ndern sich Krankheitsspektrum und Versorgungsbedarf. Besondere Herausforderungen f{\"u}r das Gesundheitssystem ergeben sich durch Mehrfacherkrankung (Multimorbidit{\"a}t) {\"a}lterer Menschen. Im Gegensatz zu krankheitsspezifischen Endpunkten treten Funktion im Alltag und subjektive Ergebnisdimensionen wie selbstbestimmte Lebensf{\"u}hrung (Autonomie), soziale Teilhabe und Lebensqualit{\"a}t als Pr{\"a}ventions- und Behandlungsziel in den Vordergrund. Die Gesundheitsforschung hat die Aufgabe, auf die Bed{\"u}rfnisse spezifischer Zielgruppen alter Menschen abgestimmte Pr{\"a}ventions- und Versorgungsmodelle zu entwickeln. Entscheidend dabei ist die St{\"a}rkung von personalen, sozialen und organisatorischen Ressourcen. Voraussetzung hierf{\"u}r sind genaue Kenntnisse zur Entwicklung und zum Verlauf des Krankheitsgeschehens und zu zentralen Einflussfaktoren auf der Grundlage epidemiologischer Beobachtungsstudien. Gezielte Maßnahmen sind in Interventions- und Evaluationsstudien auf Wirksamkeit, Wirkung und Wirtschaftlichkeit zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen. Der vom Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) initiierte F{\"o}rderungsschwerpunkt „Gesundheit im Alter" f{\"o}rdert insgesamt sechs Forschungsverb{\"u}nde zum Thema Multimorbidit{\"a}t, die hier kurz vorgestellt werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BaumannAttererSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Atterer, Michaela and Schlangen, David}, title = {Assessing and Improving the Performance of Speech Recognition for Incremental Systems}, series = {NAACL '09: Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, May 31 - June 5, 2009, Boulder, Colorado, USA}, booktitle = {NAACL '09: Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, May 31 - June 5, 2009, Boulder, Colorado, USA}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, isbn = {978-1-932432-41-1}, pages = {380 -- 388}, abstract = {In incremental spoken dialogue systems, par- tial hypotheses about what was said are re- quired even while the utterance is still ongo- ing. We define measures for evaluating the quality of incremental ASR components with respect to the relative correctness of the par- tial hypotheses compared to hypotheses that can optimize over the complete input, the tim- ingof hypothesisformationrelative to the por- tion ofthe inputthey areabout, andhypothesis stability, defined as the number of times they are revised. We show that simple incremen- tal post-processing can improve stability dra- matically, at the cost of timeliness (from 90\% of edits of hypotheses being spurious down to 10\% at a lag of 320ms). The measures are not independent,and we show how system de- signers can find a desired operating point for their ASR. To our knowledge, we are the first to suggest and examine a variety of measures for assessing incremental ASR and improve performance on this basis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannBussSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Buß, Okko and Schlangen, David}, title = {InproTK in Action: Open-Source Software for Building German-Speaking Incremental Spoken Dialogue Systems}, series = {Electronic speech signal processing 2010 : proceedings of the 21st conference, Berlin, 8 - 10 September 2010}, booktitle = {Electronic speech signal processing 2010 : proceedings of the 21st conference, Berlin, 8 - 10 September 2010}, publisher = {TUDpress}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, pages = {204 -- 211}, abstract = {We present INPROTK, a toolkit for building incremental spoken dia-logue systems. Incremental spoken dialogue systems (systems that may react whilethe user's utterance is ongoing) are a fairly recent research topic and allow for ex-citing new features. Even though toolkits exist that help in building conventionaldialogue systems, INPROTK offers both a tested architecture for building incre-mental SDSs as well as many of the building blocks necessary when building suchsystems. With INPROTK a researcher can avoid many of the technical difficulties,which hopefully further fosters research in this area.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AttererBaumannSchlangen, author = {Atterer, Michaela and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {No Sooner Said Than Done: Testing the Incrementality of Semantic Interpretations of Spontaneous Speech}, series = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 : 6 - 10 September 2009, Brighton, U.K.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 : 6 - 10 September 2009, Brighton, U.K.}, publisher = {International Speech Communication Association}, address = {Brighton, UK}, doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2009-539}, pages = {1855 -- 1858}, abstract = {Ideally, a spoken dialogue system should react without much delay to a user's utterance. Such a system would already select an object, for instance, before the user has finished her utterance about moving this particular object to a particular place. A prerequisite for such a prompt reaction is that semantic representations are built up on the fly and passed on to other modules. Few approaches to incremental semantics construction exist, and, to our knowledge, none of those has been systematically tested on a spontaneous speech corpus. In this paper, we develop measures to test empirically on transcribed spontaneous speech to what extent we can create semantic interpretation on the fly with an incremental semantic chunker that builds a frame semantics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Predicting the Micro-Timing of User Input for an Incremental Spoken Dialogue System that Completes a User's Ongoing Turn}, series = {SIGDIAL 2011 Conference, 12th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Co-located with ACL HLT 2011, Portland, Oregon, 17 - 18 June 2011}, booktitle = {SIGDIAL 2011 Conference, 12th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Co-located with ACL HLT 2011, Portland, Oregon, 17 - 18 June 2011}, publisher = {Curran}, address = {Red Hook, NY}, isbn = {978-1-61839-242-8}, pages = {120 -- 129}, abstract = {We present the novel task of predicting tem-poral features of continuations of user input,while that input is still ongoing. We show that the remaining duration of an ongoing word, aswell as the duration of the next can be predicted reasonably well, and we put this information touse in a system that synchronously completesa user's speech. While we focus on collaborative completions, the techniques presented here may also be useful for the alignment of back-channels and immediate turn-taking in anincremental SDS, or to synchronously monitorthe user's speech fluency for other reasons.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuschmeierBaumannDorschetal., author = {Buschmeier, Hendrik and Baumann, Timo and Dorsch, Benjamin and Kopp, Stefan and Schlangen, David}, title = {Combining Incremental Language Generation and Incremental Speech Synthesis for Adaptive Information Presentation}, series = {SIGDIAL '12: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Seoul, South Korea, July 5 - 6, 2012}, booktitle = {SIGDIAL '12: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Seoul, South Korea, July 5 - 6, 2012}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, doi = {10.5555/2392800.2392852}, pages = {295 -- 303}, abstract = {Participants in a conversation are normally receptive to their surroundings and their interlocutors, even while they are speaking and can, if necessary, adapt their ongoing utterance. Typical dialogue systems are not receptive and cannot adapt while uttering. We present combin-able components for incremental natural lan-guage generation and incremental speech syn-thesis and demonstrate the flexibility they can achieve with an example system that adapts to a listener's acoustic understanding problems by pausing, repeating and possibly rephrasing problematic parts of an utterance. In an evaluation, this system was rated as significantly more natural than two systems representing the current state of the art that either ignore the interrupting event or just pause; it also has a lower response time.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HeintzeBaumannSchlangen, author = {Heintze, Silvan and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Comparing Local and Sequential Models for Statistical Incremental Natural Language Understanding}, series = {SIGDIAL '10: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Tokyo, Japan,September 24 - 25, 2010}, booktitle = {SIGDIAL '10: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Tokyo, Japan,September 24 - 25, 2010}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {Tokyo, Japan}, isbn = {978-1-932432-85-5}, doi = {10.5555/1944506.1944508}, abstract = {Incremental natural language understanding is the task of assigning semantic representations to successively larger prefixes of utterances. We compare two types of statistical models for this task: a) local models, which predict a single class for an input; and b), sequential models, which align a sequence of classes to a sequence of input tokens. We show that, with some modifications, the first type of model can be improved and made to approximate the output of the second, even though the latter is more informative. We show on two different data sets that both types of model achieve comparable performance (significantly better than a baseline), with the first type requiring simpler training data. Results for the first type of model have been reported in the literature; we show that for our kind of data our more sophisticated variant of the model performs better.}, language = {en} } @article{BaumannBussSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Buß, Okko and Schlangen, David}, title = {Evaluation and Optimisation of Incremental Processors}, series = {Dialogue \& Discourse}, volume = {2}, journal = {Dialogue \& Discourse}, number = {1}, publisher = {OJS}, doi = {10.5087/dad.2011.106}, pages = {113 -- 141}, abstract = {Incremental spoken dialogue systems, which process user input as it unfolds, pose additionalengineering challenges compared to more standard non-incremental systems: Their processingcomponents must be able to accept partial, and possibly subsequently revised input, and mustproduce output that is at the same time as accurate as possible and delivered with as little delay aspossible. In this article, we define metrics that measure how well a given processor meets thesechallenges, and we identify types of gold standards for evaluation. We exemplify these metrics inthe evaluation of several incremental processors that we have developed. We also present genericmeans to optimise some of the measures, if certain trade-offs are accepted. We believe that thiswork will help enable principled comparison of components for incremental dialogue systems andportability of results.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Interactional Adequacy as a Factor in the Perception of Synthesized Speech}, series = {Proceedings of Speech Synthesis Workshop (SSW8)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Speech Synthesis Workshop (SSW8)}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, abstract = {Speaking as part of a conversation is different from reading out aloud. Speech synthesis systems, however, are typically developed using assumptions (at least implicitly) that are more true of the latter than the former situation. We address one particular aspect, which is the assumption that a fully formulated sentence is available for synthesis. We have built a system that does not make this assumption but rather can synthesize speech given incrementally extended input. In an evaluation experiment, we found that in a dynamic domain where what is talked about changes quickly, subjects rated the output of this system as more 'naturally pronounced' than that of a baseline system that employed standard synthesis, despite the synthesis quality objectively being degraded. Our results highlight the importance of considering a synthesizer's ability to support interactive use-cases when determining the adequacy of synthesized speech.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Open-ended, Extensible System Utterances Are Preferred, Even If They Require Filled Pauses}, series = {14th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL 2013) : Metz, France, 22 - 24 August 2013}, booktitle = {14th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL 2013) : Metz, France, 22 - 24 August 2013}, publisher = {Curran}, address = {Red Hook, NY}, pages = {280 -- 283}, abstract = {In many environments (e. g. sports commentary), situations incrementally unfold over time and often the future appearance of a relevant event can be predicted, but not in all its details or precise timing. We have built a simulation framework that uses our incremental speech synthesis component to assemble in a timely manner complex commentary utterances. In our evaluation, the resulting output is preferred over that from a baseline system that uses a simpler commenting strategy. Even in cases where the incremental system overcommits temporally and requires a filled pause to wait for the upcoming event, the system is preferred over the baseline.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AttererBaumannSchlangen, author = {Atterer, Michaela and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Towards Incremental End-of-Utterance Detection in Dialogue Systems}, series = {COLING '08: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Manchester United Kingdom August 18 - 22, 2008}, booktitle = {COLING '08: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Manchester United Kingdom August 18 - 22, 2008}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, isbn = {978-1-905593-44-6}, pages = {11 -- 14}, abstract = {We define the task of incremental or 0-lag utterance segmentation, that is, the task of segmenting an ongoing speech recognition stream into utterance units, and present first results. We use a combination of hidden event language model, features from an incremental parser, and acoustic / prosodic features to train classifiers on real-world conversational data (from the Switchboard corpus). The best classifiers reach an F-score of around 56\%, improving over baseline and related work.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Evaluating Prosodic Processing for Incremental Speech Synthesis}, series = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2012}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2012}, publisher = {International Speech Communication Association}, doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2012-152}, pages = {438 -- 441}, abstract = {Incremental speech synthesis (iSS) accepts input and produces output in consecutive chunks that only together result in a full utterance. Systems that use iSS thus have the ability to adapt their utterances while they are ongoing. Having available less than the full utterance to plan the acoustic realisation has downsides, however, as global optimisation is not possible anymore. In this paper we present a strategy for incrementalizing the symbolic pre-processing component of speech synthesis and assess the influence of a reduction in "lookahead", i. e. in knowledge about the rest of the utterance, on prosodic quality. We found that high quality incremental output can be achieved even with a lookahead of slightly less than one phrase, allowing for timely system reaction.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Inpro_iSS: A Component for Just-In-Time Incremental Speech Synthesis}, series = {The 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - proceedings of the System Demonstrations, April 23 - 27 2012, Avignon France}, booktitle = {The 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - proceedings of the System Demonstrations, April 23 - 27 2012, Avignon France}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)}, abstract = {We present a component for incremental speech synthesis (iSS) and a set of applications that demonstrate its capabilities. This component can be used to increase the responsivity and naturalness of spoken interactive systems. While iSS can show its full strength in systems that generate output incrementally, we also discuss how even otherwise unchanged systems may profit from its capabilities.}, language = {en} } @article{ScheidtNaveRichterFuchsetal., author = {Scheidt-Nave, Christa and Richter, Stefanie and Fuchs, Judith and Kuhlmey, Adelheid}, title = {Challenges to health research for aging populations using the example of "multimorbidity"}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {53}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-010-1052-9}, pages = {441 -- 450}, abstract = {Patterns of morbidity and health care needs are changing as the proportion of the population reaching old age increases. A particular challenge to the health care system results from coexisting health problems (multimorbidity) among the elderly. Regarding prevention and treatment goals, the focus needs to shift from disease-specific outcomes to function in daily life and subjective outcome dimensions, such as self-determination (autonomy), social participation, and quality of life. Health research faces the task of developing prevention and health care models adapted to the needs of specific subgroups of older people. Strengthening personal, social, and organizational resources is crucial. This requires precise knowledge about the development, course, and main determinants of disease processes based on observational epidemiological studies. Strategies need to be tested in intervention and evaluation studies with respect to efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency. A targeted research funding program "Health in older age" was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and is currently funding six multimorbidity research consortia, which are briefly presented here.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PeldszusBussBaumannetal., author = {Peldszus, Andreas and Buß, Okko and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Joint Satisfaction of Syntactic and Pragmatic Constraints Improves Incremental Spoken Language Understanding}, series = {EACL 2012 Joint Workshop of LINGVIS \& UNCLH, Visualization of Linguistic Patterns and Uncovering Language History from Multilingual Resources, Proceedings of the Workshop, April 23 - 24 2012, Avignon France}, booktitle = {EACL 2012 Joint Workshop of LINGVIS \& UNCLH, Visualization of Linguistic Patterns and Uncovering Language History from Multilingual Resources, Proceedings of the Workshop, April 23 - 24 2012, Avignon France}, publisher = {The Association for Computational Linguistics}, isbn = {978-1-937284-19-0}, pages = {514 -- 523}, abstract = {We present a model of semantic processing of spoken language that (a) is robust against ill-formed input, such as can be expected from automatic speech recognisers, (b) respects both syntactic and pragmatic constraints in the computation of most likely interpretations, (c) uses a principled, expressive semantic representation formalism (RMRS) with a well-defined model theory, and (d) works continuously (producing meaning representations on a word-by-word basis, rather than only for full utterances) and incrementally (computing only the additional contribution by the new word, rather than re-computing for the whole utterance-so-far). We show that the joint satisfaction of syntactic and pragmatic constraints improves the performance of the NLU component (around 10 \% absolute, over a syntax-only baseline).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BussBaumannSchlangen, author = {Buß, Okko and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Collaborating on Utterances with a Spoken Dialogue System Using an ISU-based Approach to Incremental Dialogue Management}, series = {SIGDIAL 10, Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Tokyo Japan September 24 - 25, 2010}, booktitle = {SIGDIAL 10, Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Tokyo Japan September 24 - 25, 2010}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {Tokyo, Japan}, isbn = {978-1-932432-85-5}, abstract = {When dialogue systems, through theuse of incremental processing, arenot bounded anymore by strict, non-overlapping turn-taking, a whole range ofadditional interactional devices becomesavailable. We explore the use of one suchdevice, trial intonation. We elaborateour approach to dialogue managementin incremental systems, based on theInformation-State-Update approach, anddiscuss an implementation in a micro-domain that lends itself to the use ofimmediate feedback, trial intonations andexpansions. In an overhearer evaluation,the incremental system was judged as sig-nificantly more human-like and reactivethan a non-incremental version.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchlangenBaumannAtterer, author = {Schlangen, David and Baumann, Timo and Atterer, Michaela}, title = {Incremental Reference Resolution: The Task, Metrics for Evaluation, and a Bayesian Filtering Model that is Sensitive to Disfluencies}, series = {Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, September 11 - 12, 2009, London United Kingdom}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, September 11 - 12, 2009, London United Kingdom}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {30 -- 37}, abstract = {In this paper we do two things: a) we discuss in general terms the task of incre mental reference resolution (IRR), in particular resolution of exophoric reference, and specify metrics for measuring the performance of dialogue system components tackling this task, and b) we present a simple Bayesian filtering model of IRR that performs reasonably well just using words directly (no structure information and no hand-coded semantics): it picks the right referent out of 12 for around 50 \% of real world dialogue utterances in our test corpus. It is also able to learn to interpret not only words but also hesitations, just as humans have shown to do in similar situations, namely as markers of references tohard-to-describe entities.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchlangenBaumannBuschmeieretal., author = {Schlangen, David and Baumann, Timo and Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buß, Okko and Kopp, Stefan and Skantze, Gabriel and Yaghoubzadeh, Ramin}, title = {Middleware for Incremental Processing in Conversational Agents}, series = {Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SigDial 2010), September 24 - 25, 2010, Tokyo Japan}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SigDial 2010), September 24 - 25, 2010, Tokyo Japan}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {Tokyo, Japan}, pages = {51 -- 54}, abstract = {We describe work done at three sites on designing conversational agents capable of incremental processing. We focus on the ‘middleware’ layer in these systems, which takes care of passing around and maintaining incremental information between the modules of such agents. All implementations are based on the abstract model of incremental dialogue processing proposed by Schlangen and Skantze (2009), and the paper shows what different instantiations of the model can look like given specific requirements and application areas.}, language = {en} } @incollection{vanWelbergenBaumannSchlangenetal., author = {van Welbergen, Herwin and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David and Kopp, Stefan}, title = {Incremental, Adaptive and Interruptive Speech Realization for Fluent Conversation with ECAs}, series = {Intelligent Virtual Agents}, booktitle = {Intelligent Virtual Agents}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-642-40414-6}, pages = {468 -- 469}, abstract = {This project aimed to establish the feasibility of creating a procedural system for generating expressive facial animation based on an affective agent. A procedural system supporting a limited number of emotional expression changes was created alongside keyframed animations of these same emotional expression changes, and audience response to these two approaches was tested empirically. Results seem to partially support the procedural animations generated being comparable with keyframed, in terms of perceptual validity.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{vonderMalsburgBaumannSchlangen, author = {von der Malsburg, Titus and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {TELIDA: A Package for Manipulation and Visualisation of Timed Linguistic Data}, series = {Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, September 11 - 12, 2009, London United Kingdom}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, September 11 - 12, 2009, London United Kingdom}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {London, UK}, doi = {10.5555/1708376.1708419}, pages = {302 -- 305}, abstract = {We present a toolkit for manipulating andvisualising time-aligned linguistic datasuch as dialogue transcripts or languageprocessing data. The package comple-ments existing editing tools by allowingfor conversion between their formats, in-formation extraction from the raw files,and by adding sophisticated, and easily ex-tended methods for visualising the dynam-ics of dialogue processing. To illustratethe versatility of the package, we describeits use in three different projects at our site.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{SchrammPieperVogl, author = {Schramm, Simon and Pieper, Matthias and Vogl, Stefanie}, title = {Orthogonal Procrustes Based Anomaly Detection and Error Prediction for Vehicle Bills of Materials}, series = {SSRN}, journal = {SSRN}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4120321}, pages = {21 S.}, abstract = {Industrial Bill of Materials (BOM) suffer from an surging complexity and cause errors in production which have detrimental effects on a product's profitability. Currently, BOM anomalies have to be identified manually and errors have to be detected in the same way. This preprint describes a combination of data analysis and Machine Learning methods, such as hierarchical and agglomerative clustering, an isolation forest algorithm, association mining and a multi-output Artificial Neural Network, all based on a deterministic distance measure for an industrial BOMs. Solving the orthogonal Procrustes problem for complex, multi-level matrices, a distance measure for real world industrial BOMs was derived. A multi-output MLP was used in order to predict error probabilities with a time- reference. Our results show how to detect anomalies and predict errors in a complex, multi-level BOM based on historical, labelled data. While other authors focus on the mere comparison of BOMs, we aimed at a holistic approach, combining descriptive and predictive methods in order to forecast where in a BOM and at what time of BOM creation process errors occur. The resulting, prescriptive system was tested using real world data and has shown to effectively predict where and when BOM errors are probable to occur. Consequently, the prescriptive system is superior to prior, purely predictive systems, can help to decrease errors and thereby decreases product development time and cost in real world companies.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KrenkelWagnerWolfetal., author = {Krenkel, Lars and Wagner, Claus and Wolf, Ursula and Scholz, Alexander-Wigbert K. and Terekhov, Maxim and Rivoire, Julien and Schreiber, W.}, title = {Protective Artificial Lung Ventilation: Impact of an Endotracheal Tube on the Flow in a Generic Trachea}, series = {New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics VII : Contributions to the 16th STAB/DGLR Symposium Aachen, Germany 2008}, booktitle = {New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics VII : Contributions to the 16th STAB/DGLR Symposium Aachen, Germany 2008}, editor = {Hirschel, Ernst Heinrich and Schr{\"o}der, Wolfgang and Fujii, Kozo and Haase, Werner and Leer, Bram and Leschziner, Michael A. and Pandolfi, Maurizio and Periaux, Jacques and Rizzi, Arthur and Roux, Bernard and Shokin, Yurii I. and Dillmann, Andreas and Heller, Gerd and Klaas, Michael and Kreplin, Hans-Peter and Nitsche, Wolfgang}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-642-14242-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-14243-7_62}, pages = {505 -- 512}, abstract = {Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental investigations on a generic model of the trachea have been carried out focusing on the impact of an endotracheal tube (ETT) on the resulting flow regime. It could be shown that detailed modelling of the airway management devices is essential for proper flow prediction, but secondary details as Murphy Eyes can be neglected. Models with bending and connector promote the formation of stronger secondary flows and disturbances which persist for a longer time.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RillSchaefferSchuderer, author = {Rill, Georg and Schaeffer, Thomas and Schuderer, Matthias}, title = {LuGre or not LuGre}, doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-2266522/v1}, abstract = {The LuGre model is widely used in the analysis and control of systems with friction. Recently, it has even been made available in the commercial multibody dynamics simulation software system Adams. However, the LuGre model exhibits well-known drawbacks like, too low and force rate dependent break-away forces, drift problems during sticking periods, and significant differences in non-stationary situations between the pre-defined friction law and the one produced by the LuGre model. In the present literature, these problems are supposed to come from the model dynamics or its nonlinear nature. However, most of these drawbacks are not simple side effects of a dynamic friction model but are caused in the LuGre approach, as shown here, by a too simple and inconsistent model of the bristle dynamics. Standard examples and a more practical application demonstrate, that the LuGre model is not a "what you see is what you get" approach. A dynamic friction model with accurate bristle dynamics and consistent friction force is set up here. It provides insight into the physical basis of the LuGre model dynamics. However, it results in a nonlinear and implicit differential equation, whose solution will not be easy because of the ambiguity of the friction characteristics. The standard workaround, a static model based on a simple regularized characteristics, produces reliable and generally satisfactory results, but definitely cannot maintain stick. The paper presents a second order dynamic friction model, which may serve as an alternative. It can maintain stick and produces realistic and reliable results.}, language = {en} } @misc{FriedrichRivoireScholzetal., author = {Friedrich, Janet and Rivoire, Julien and Scholz, Alexander-Wigbert K. and Wiegbert, and Terekov, Maxim and Kbrich, Rainer and Krenkel, Lars and Wagner, Claus and Schreiber, Laura Maria}, title = {Exploration of Gas Flow During High Frequency Oscillated Ventilation by 19F-Gas-MRI}, series = {Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, volume = {18}, journal = {Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, abstract = {To detect convective gas flow inside the large airways during high frequency oscillated ventilation (HFOV) the fluorinated contrast gas Heptafluoropropane was used for 19F-MRI. In a first study the comparison between constant flow measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations provided a good agreement. In a following experiment oscillated flow was applied to a lung phantom consisting of ventilation bag and long pipe. The pressure wave inside the pipe was explored point-by-point and corresponding velocities were determined. With these experiments it could be shown for the first time that flow measurement during HFOV using fluorinated contrast gas is feasible.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RillSchuderer, author = {Rill, Georg and Schuderer, Matthias}, title = {A Second Order Dynamic Friction Model Compared to Commercial Stick-Slip Models}, doi = {10.20944/preprints202306.1233.v1}, abstract = {Friction has long been an important issue in multibody dynamics. Static friction models apply appropriate regularization techniques to convert the stick inequality and the non-smooth stick-slip transition of Coulomb's approach into a continuous and smooth function of the sliding velocity. However, a regularized friction force is not able to maintain long-term stick. That is why, dynamic friction models were developed in the last decades. The friction force depends herein not only on the sliding velocity but also on internal states. The probably best known representative, the LuGre friction model, is based on a fictitious bristle but realizes a too simple approximation. The recently published second order dynamic friction model describes the dynamics of a fictitious bristle more accurately. Its performance is compared here to stick-slip friction models, developed and launched not long ago by commercial multibody software packages.}, language = {en} } @article{SchreinerWiedmannCoenningetal., author = {Schreiner, Rupert and Wiedmann, J. and Coenning, W. and Porsche, J. and Gentner, Jean-Louis and Berroth, Manfred and Scholz, Ferdinand and Schweizer, H.}, title = {Fabrication approach for antiphase narrow linewidth complex coupled 1.55 μm DFB lasers}, series = {Electronics Letters}, volume = {35}, journal = {Electronics Letters}, number = {2}, publisher = {The Institution of Engineering and Technology IET}, issn = {0013-5194}, doi = {10.1049/el:19990132}, pages = {146 -- 148}, abstract = {A new method for fabricating narrow linewidth antiphase complex coupled MQW DFB lasers by periodically etching the active layer and quartemary InGaAsP overgrowth is reported. The minimum linewidth for a 375 µm long ridge waveguide laser is only 250 kHz at an optical output power of 4 mW.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuchmannSchwaegerl, author = {Buchmann, Thomas and Schw{\"a}gerl, Felix}, title = {Ensuring well-formedness of configured domain models in model-driven product lines based on negative variability}, series = {FOSD '12: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Feature-Oriented Software Development, 24. + 25. September 2012, Dresden}, booktitle = {FOSD '12: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Feature-Oriented Software Development, 24. + 25. September 2012, Dresden}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, USA}, doi = {10.1145/2377816.2377822}, pages = {37 -- 44}, abstract = {Model-driven development is a well-known practice in modern software engineering. Many tools exist which allow developers to build software in a model-based or even model-driven way, but they do not provide dedicated support for software product line development. Only recently some approaches combined model-driven engineering and software product line engineering. In this paper we present an approach that allows for combining feature models and Ecore-based domain models and provides extensive support to keep the mapping between the involved models consistent. Our key contribution is a declarative textual language which allows to phrase domain-specific consistency constraints which are preserved during the configuration process in order to ensure context-sensitive syntactical correctness of derived domain models.}, language = {en} } @techreport{HammHuhnReschke, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Hamm, Michael and Huhn, Wolfgang and Reschke, Johannes}, title = {Ideas for next lighting generations in digitalization and autonomous driving}, series = {SAE Technical Paper Series. - WCX World Congress Experience. - APR. 10, 2018. - (SAE Technical Paper Series)}, journal = {SAE Technical Paper Series. - WCX World Congress Experience. - APR. 10, 2018. - (SAE Technical Paper Series)}, publisher = {SAE International}, address = {Warrendale, United States}, doi = {10.4271/2018-01-1038}, abstract = {Digitalization in Industry and Society is progressing quickly. Up to now, just 5 static and standard lighting applications have been dominating in the U.S. (Low/High Beam, Daytime Running Lamp Turn Indicator \& Position Lamp). The global interest in standardization of light driven messages from autonomous vehicles to other traffic participants has opened new research needs and research findings. In Europe, GTB has established a working group dedicated to this topic. The article will discuss the possible contribution of signalling and lighting functions to Digitalization and Autonomous driving by explaining the first elements of functional definition and research results.}, language = {en} } @article{ReschkeAuburgerMarichalaretal., author = {Reschke, Johannes and Auburger, Marie-Theres and Marichalar, Rebeca and Neumann, Cornelius}, title = {Communication between automated vehicles and pedestrians}, series = {ATZ worldwide}, volume = {121}, journal = {ATZ worldwide}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Wiesbaden}, doi = {10.1007/s38311-019-0098-z}, pages = {16 -- 23}, language = {en} } @techreport{KrewerSchaepersAndersenetal., author = {Krewer, Carmen and Sch{\"a}pers, Barbara and Andersen, Henning Boje and Linner, Thomas and Steinb{\"o}ck, Martina and Hu, Rongbo and Zhao, Charlie and G{\"u}ttler, J{\"o}rg and Schlandt, Marcel and Valk, Carlijn and Lu, Yuan and Kulev, Igor and Salehzadeh Niksirat, Kavous and Larsen, Rasmus Tostrup and Schrader, Lisa and Partyga, P. and Kraul, M. and Kozak, Dominika and Schwarze, A.-K. and Rusu, Alexandru and Murali, S. and Ricon, F. and Lingeg{\aa}rd, H. and v. Zanten, B. and Lovei, Peter and Visser, Thomas and Seelinger, Anja and van den Boom, Camilla and Steenbakkers, J. and Henriksen, L. and Randrinambelonoro, M. and Perrine, C.}, title = {Formalized results of final testing and optimization activities: Summarization of testing and evaluation of final testing of continuously improved system in the form of prototypes in real world environments and presentation of optimization measures.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-36195}, abstract = {Deliverable D28: Formalized results of final testing and optimization activities: Summarization of testing and evaluation of final testing of continuously improved system in the form of prototypes in real world environments and presentation of optimization measures (associated with tasks T6.5, T6.6, T6.7, T6.8). D28 is an update on D27. Additional associated deliverables are D12, D13, D23, D31, and D44. Abstract: In order to provide a comprehensive summary of all testing activities, the medical core group (DTU, HUG, SK, TUM) created a mini protocol template (which requested the outline of some methodological aspects of each study such as study designs, the recruitment phase, population under investigation, etc.), and ensured that data were submitted and provided by the trial manager to the core group. In this deliverable we present, structure, and interpret the formalized results of the final testing and optimization activities of all testing activities in REACH. The deliverable includes the summarization of testing and evaluation of final testing of a continuously improved system in the form of prototypes in real world environments and the presentation of optimization measures. The deliverable is an update on deliverable D27 and associated with tasks T6.5, T6.6, T6.7, T6.8. In reaction to the reviewers' comments we initiated additional trials focusing on practice cases. Those trials are specifically ladled and included in the updated overview. A review on factors, i.e., falling, frailty, cognitive decline , sarcopenia, social isolation, and malnutrician, was performed to show the most important cofactors. Addressed in this deliverable is also the role of privacy and the hierarchy of needs which are essential components of the acceptance and use of technology .}, language = {en} } @incollection{HeesePreger, author = {Heese, Carl and Preger, Rudolf}, title = {Die Konvergenz von neurologischer Rehabilitation und P{\"a}dagogik}, series = {Alltag wieder lernen : Berichte vom 7. Symposium der Neurochirurgischen und Neurologischen Fachklinik Kipfenberg. - (Eichst{\"a}tter sozialp{\"a}dagogische Arbeiten ; 9)}, booktitle = {Alltag wieder lernen : Berichte vom 7. Symposium der Neurochirurgischen und Neurologischen Fachklinik Kipfenberg. - (Eichst{\"a}tter sozialp{\"a}dagogische Arbeiten ; 9)}, editor = {Preger, Rudolf}, publisher = {BPB-Verl. diritto-Publikationen}, address = {Eichst{\"a}tt}, isbn = {978-3927728462}, pages = {65 -- 71}, language = {de} } @incollection{Scheffler, author = {Scheffler, Gabriele}, title = {Finanzielle Unterst{\"u}tzung f{\"u}r Alleinerziehende}, series = {Knaurs Handbuch Familie : Alles was Eltern wissen m{\"u}ssen}, booktitle = {Knaurs Handbuch Familie : Alles was Eltern wissen m{\"u}ssen}, editor = {Fthenakis, Wassilios E. and Textor, Martin R.}, publisher = {Droemer Knaur}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-426-66940-2}, pages = {482 -- 485}, language = {de} } @techreport{SeelingerVogtLinneretal., author = {Seelinger, Anja and Vogt, L. and Linner, Thomas and G{\"u}ttler, J{\"o}rg and Hu, Rongbo and Schlandt, Marcel and Zhao, Charlie and Sch{\"a}pers, Barbara and Andersen, Henning Boje and Brombacher, A. and Lu, Yuan}, title = {Standardization activities}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-36227}, abstract = {REACH has the ambition to influence and gain from standardization on national, European, and international level. We aim to create synergies between parallel work on these levels that will finally make a beneficial impact. Systematic parallel and synergeti cwork on these levels allow REACH to create a maximized impact for all involved stakeholders, and in particular, create better health and health care "ecosystems" for potential REACH end users.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Die andere Seite der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit}, series = {Philosophische Perspektiven. Beitr{\"a}ge zum VII. {\"O}sterreichischen Kongress f{\"u}r Philosophie}, booktitle = {Philosophische Perspektiven. Beitr{\"a}ge zum VII. {\"O}sterreichischen Kongress f{\"u}r Philosophie}, editor = {Neumaier, O. and Sedmak, Clemens and Zichy, M.}, publisher = {Ontos}, address = {Lancaster}, pages = {5}, language = {de} } @article{SchliermannKleinSchulze, author = {Schliermann, Rainer and Klein, Petra and Schulze, Annette}, title = {Deaflympischer Sport - die unbekannte Sportbewegung}, series = {Leistungssport : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die Fortbildung von Trainern, {\"U}bungsleitern und Sportlehrern}, volume = {46}, journal = {Leistungssport : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die Fortbildung von Trainern, {\"U}bungsleitern und Sportlehrern}, number = {4}, publisher = {Philippka-Verlag}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, organization = {Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund}, issn = {0341-7387}, pages = {39 -- 44}, abstract = {Der deaflympische Sport (Syn.: Geh{\"o}rlosensport) ist sowohl in der medialen als auch in der sportaktiven {\"O}ffentlichkeit weithin unbekannt. Der paralympische Behindertensport wird zunehmend st{\"a}rker beachtet, der deaflympische hingegen insgesamt wenig. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird deshalb ein {\"U}berblick gegeben. Es wird zun{\"a}chst dessen geschichtliche Entwicklung n{\"a}her beschrieben und verdeutlicht, dass der institutionalisierte Sport von Athleten mit H{\"o}rbeeintr{\"a}chtigungen die l{\"a}ngste Tradition im Behindertensport aufweist. Außerdem erfolgt eine Beschreibung der institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen dieser Sportbewegung. Dabei ist hervorzuheben, dass f{\"u}r die Belange des Leistungssports von Menschen mit H{\"o}rbeeintr{\"a}chtigungen der Deutsche Geh{\"o}rlosenSportverband (DGS) und nicht der Deutsche Behindertensportverband (DBS) zust{\"a}ndig ist, da es sich beim deaflympischen Sport um eine historisch gewachsene, eigenst{\"a}ndige Sportbewegung handelt. Die weiteren Ausf{\"u}hrungen betreffen Aspekte zum Training und Wettkampf von Athleten mit H{\"o}rsch{\"a}digungen. Um an Wettk{\"a}mpfen im Geh{\"o}rlosensport teilnehmen zu d{\"u}rfen, muss ein Mindestmaß an H{\"o}rminderung vorliegen. Die Teilnahme an hochrangigen (internationalen) Wettk{\"a}mpfen (z. B. Deaflympics) erfordert dann - wie im Spitzensport generell - ein systematisches und regelm{\"a}ßiges Training. In Bezug auf Athleten mit H{\"o}rminderungen bedeutet dies insbesondere eine bestimmte Art der Kommunikation, des Vermittelns bzw. Erlernens (neuer) Bewegungen sowie die Beachtung etwaiger Einschr{\"a}nkungen der Gleichgewichtsf{\"a}higkeit. Auf diese Aspekte wird in diesem {\"U}bersichtsbeitrag ausf{\"u}hrlich eingegangen. Es wird unter anderem verdeutlicht, dass „geh{\"o}rlose" Sportler h{\"a}ufig durchaus noch {\"u}ber ein Resth{\"o}rverm{\"o}gen verf{\"u}gen. Außerdem erfordert das Training eine bestimmte Art der Kommunikation zwischen Trainer und Athlet, um effektiv im Sinne einer Leistungsentwicklung sein zu k{\"o}nnen. Schließlich gehen mit H{\"o}reinschr{\"a}nkungen h{\"a}ufig auch Defizite der Gleichgewichtsf{\"a}higkeit einher, die jedoch nicht a priori vorhanden sind und sich durch Training verbessern lassen. Im Res{\"u}mee wird nochmals herausgestellt, weshalb Grundkenntnisse {\"u}ber den deaflympischen Sport nicht nur zur Leistungsentwicklung h{\"o}rgesch{\"a}digter Spitzenathleten beitragen, sondern auch Trainern und Vereinen des Regelsportsystems des Deutschen Olympischen Sportbundes (DOSB) n{\"u}tzlich sein k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchulzSchwarz, author = {Schulz, Carsten and Schwarz, Colin}, title = {Indirect Model Predictive Control and its Impact on the Fatigue Strength of the Drivetrain}, series = {10. VDI-Fachtagung Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2019 : Bremen, 04.-05. Juni 2019}, booktitle = {10. VDI-Fachtagung Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2019 : Bremen, 04.-05. Juni 2019}, isbn = {978-3-18-092346-8}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchwarzSchulz, author = {Schwarz, Colin and Schulz, Carsten}, title = {Indirekte nichtlineare Modellpr{\"a}diktive Regelung von Windkraftanlagen und deren Einfluss auf die Betriebsfestigkeit beteiligter Maschinenelemente}, series = {DMK - Dresdner Maschinenelemente Kolloquium, 2017, Dresden}, booktitle = {DMK - Dresdner Maschinenelemente Kolloquium, 2017, Dresden}, editor = {Schlecht, Berthold}, publisher = {sierke-Verlag}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchwarzSchulz, author = {Schwarz, Colin and Schulz, Carsten}, title = {Moderne, sch{\"a}digungsreduzierende Ans{\"a}tze zur Regelung einer Windenergieanlage in einem breiten Lastspektrum}, series = {Dresdner Maschinenelemente Kolloquium : DMK 2019 : 26.-27. Nov.}, booktitle = {Dresdner Maschinenelemente Kolloquium : DMK 2019 : 26.-27. Nov.}, publisher = {Sierke Verlag}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-96548-055-1}, pages = {601 -- 616}, language = {de} } @article{BeyerWeigertQuicketal., author = {Beyer, Thomas and Weigert, Markus and Quick, Harald H. and Pietrzyk, Uwe and Vogt, Florian and Palm, Christoph and Antoch, Gerald and M{\"u}ller, Stefan P. and Bockisch, Andreas}, title = {MR-based attenuation correction for torso-PET/MR imaging}, series = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging}, volume = {35}, journal = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1007/s00259-008-0734-0}, pages = {1142 -- 1146}, abstract = {Purpose MR-based attenuation correction (AC) will become an integral part of combined PET/MR systems. Here, we propose a toolbox to validate MR-AC of clinical PET/MRI data sets. Methods Torso scans of ten patients were acquired on a combined PET/CT and on a 1.5-T MRI system. MR-based attenuation data were derived from the CT following MR-CT image co-registration and subsequent histogram matching. PET images were reconstructed after CT- (PET/CT) and MR-based AC (PET/MRI). Lesion-to-background (L/B) ratios were estimated on PET/CT and PET/MRI. Results MR-CT histogram matching leads to a mean voxel intensity difference in the CT- and MR-based attenuation images of 12\% (max). Mean differences between PET/MRI and PET/CT were 19\% (max). L/B ratios were similar except for the lung where local misregistration and intensity transformation leads to a biased PET/MRI. Conclusion Our toolbox can be used to study pitfalls in MR-AC. We found that co-registration accuracy and pixel value transformation determine the accuracy of PET/MRI.}, subject = {Kernspintomografie}, language = {en} } @article{WeigertPietrzykMuelleretal., author = {Weigert, Markus and Pietrzyk, Uwe and M{\"u}ller, Stefan P. and Palm, Christoph and Beyer, Thomas}, title = {Whole-body PET/CT imaging}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medizinische Physik}, volume = {18}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medizinische Physik}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1016/j.zemedi.2007.07.004}, pages = {59 -- 66}, abstract = {Aim Combined whole-body (WB) PET/CT imaging provides better overall co-registration compared to separate CT and PET. However, in clinical routine local PET-CT mis-registration cannot be avoided. Thus, the reconstructed PET tracer distribution may be biased when using the misaligned CT transmission data for CT-based attenuation correction (CT-AC). We investigate the feasibility of retrospective co-registration techniques to align CT and PET images prior to CT-AC, thus improving potentially the quality of combined PET/CT imaging in clinical routine. Methods First, using a commercial software registration package CT images were aligned to the uncorrected PET data by rigid and non-rigid registration methods. Co-registration accuracy of both alignment approaches was assessed by reviewing the PET tracer uptake patterns (visual, linked cursor display) following attenuation correction based on the original and co-registered CT. Second, we investigated non-rigid registration based on a prototype ITK implementation of the B-spline algorithm on a similar targeted MR-CT registration task, there showing promising results. Results Manual rigid, landmark-based co-registration introduced unacceptable misalignment, in particular in peripheral areas of the whole-body images. Manual, non-rigid landmark-based co-registration prior to CT-AC was successful with minor loco-regional distortions. Nevertheless, neither rigid nor non-rigid automatic co-registration based on the Mutual Information image to image metric succeeded in co-registering the CT and noAC-PET images. In contrast to widely available commercial software registration our implementation of an alternative automated, non-rigid B-spline co-registration technique yielded promising results in this setting with MR-CT data. Conclusion In clinical PET/CT imaging, retrospective registration of CT and uncorrected PET images may improve the quality of the AC-PET images. As of today no validated and clinically viable commercial registration software is in routine use. This has triggered our efforts in pursuing new approaches to a validated, non-rigid co-registration algorithm applicable to whole-body PET/CT imaging of which first results are presented here. This approach appears suitable for applications in retrospective WB-PET/CT alignment. Ziel Kombinierte PET/CT-Bildgebung erm{\"o}glicht verbesserte Koregistrierung von PET- und CT-Daten gegen{\"u}ber separat akquirierten Bildern. Trotzdem entstehen in der klinischen Anwendung lokale Fehlregistrierungen, die zu Fehlern in der rekonstruierten PET- Tracerverteilung f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen, falls die unregistrierten CT-Daten zur Schw{\"a}chungskorrektur (AC) der Emissionsdaten verwendet werden. Wir untersuchen daher die Anwendung von Bildregistrierungsalgorithmen vor der CT-basierten AC zur Verbesserung der PET-Aufnahmen. Methoden Mittels einer kommerziellen Registrierungssoftware wurden die CT-Daten eines PET/CT- Tomographen durch landmarken- und intensit{\"a}tsbasierte rigide (starre) und nicht-rigide Registrierungsverfahren r{\"a}umlich an die unkorrigierten PET-Emissionsdaten angepasst und zur AC verwendet. Zur Bewertung wurden die Tracerverteilungen in den PET-Bildern (vor AC, CT-AC, CT-AC nach Koregistrierung) visuell und mit Hilfe korrelierter Fadenkreuze verglichen. Zus{\"a}tzlich untersuchten wir die ITK-Implementierung der bekannten B-spline basierten, nicht-rigiden Registrierungsans{\"a}tze im Hinblick auf ihre Verwendbarkeit f{\"u}r die multimodale PET/CT-Ganzk{\"o}rperregistrierung. Ergebnisse Mittels landmarkenbasierter, nicht-rigider Registrierung konnte die Tracerverteilung in den PET-Daten lokal verbessert werden. Landmarkenbasierte rigide Registrierung f{\"u}hrte zu starker Fehlregistrierung in entfernten K{\"o}rperregionen. Automatische rigide und nicht-rigide Registrierung unter Verwendung der Mutual-Information-{\"A}hnlichkeitsmetrik versagte auf allen verwendeten Datens{\"a}tzen. Die automatische Registrierung mit B-spline-Funktionen zeigte vielversprechende Resultate in der Anwendung auf einem {\"a}hnlich gelagerten CT-MR-Registrierungsproblem. Fazit Retrospektive, nicht-rigide Registrierung unkorrigierter PET- und CT-Aufnahmen aus kombinierten Aufnahmensystemen vor der AC kann die Qualit{\"a}t von PET-Aufnahmen im klinischen Einsatz verbessern. Trotzdem steht bis heute im klinischen Alltag keine validierte, automatische Registrierungssoftware zur Verf{\"u}gung. Wir verfolgen dazu Ans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r validierte, nicht-rigide Bildregistrierung f{\"u}r den klinischen Einsatz und pr{\"a}sentieren erste Ergebnisse.}, subject = {Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie}, language = {en} } @article{DehnhardtPalmVietenetal., author = {Dehnhardt, Markus and Palm, Christoph and Vieten, Andrea and Bauer, Andreas and Pietrzyk, Uwe}, title = {Quantifying the A1AR distribution in peritumoral zones around experimental F98 and C6 rat brain tumours}, series = {Journal of Neuro-Oncology}, volume = {85}, journal = {Journal of Neuro-Oncology}, doi = {10.1007/s11060-007-9391-6}, pages = {49 -- 63}, abstract = {Quantification of growth in experimental F98 and C6 rat brain tumours was performed on 51 rat brains, 17 of which have been further assessed by 3D tumour reconstruction. Brains were cryosliced and radio-labelled with a ligand of the peripheral type benzodiazepine-receptor (pBR), 3H-Pk11195 [(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-propylene)-3-isoquinoline-carboxamide)] by receptor autoradiography. Manually segmented and automatically registered tumours have been 3D-reconstructed for volumetric comparison on the basis of 3H-Pk11195-based tumour recognition. Furthermore automatically computed areas of -300 μm inner (marginal) zone as well as 300 μm and 600 μm outer tumour space were quantified. These three different regions were transferred onto other adjacent slices that had been labelled by receptor autoradiography with the A1 Adenosine receptor (A1AR)-ligand 3H-CPFPX (3H-8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluorpropyl)-1-propylxanthine) for quantitative assessment of A1AR in the three different tumour zones. Hence, a method is described for quantifying various receptor protein systems in the tumour as well as in the marginal invasive zones around experimentally implanted rat brain tumours and their representation in the tumour microenvironment as well as in 3D space. Furthermore, a tool for automatically reading out radio-labelled rat brain slices from auto radiographic films was developed, reconstructed into a consistent 3D-tumour model and the zones around the tumour were visualized. A1AR expression was found to depend upon the tumour volume in C6 animals, but is independent on the time of tumour development. In F98 animals, a significant increase in A1AR receptor protein was found in the Peritumoural zone as a function of time of tumour development and tumour volume.}, subject = {Hirntumor}, language = {en} } @article{MangSchnabelCrumetal., author = {Mang, Andreas and Schnabel, Julia A. and Crum, William R. and Modat, Marc and Camara-Rey, Oscar and Palm, Christoph and Caseiras, Gisele Brasil and J{\"a}ger, H. Rolf and Ourselin, S{\´e}bastien and Buzug, Thorsten M. and Hawkes, David J.}, title = {Consistency of parametric registration in serial MRI studies of brain tumor progression}, series = {International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery}, volume = {3}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery}, number = {3-4}, doi = {10.1007/s11548-008-0234-5}, pages = {201 -- 211}, abstract = {Object The consistency of parametric registration in multi-temporal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies was evaluated. Materials and methods Serial MRI scans of adult patients with a brain tumor (glioma) were aligned by parametric registration. The performance of low-order spatial alignment (6/9/12 degrees of freedom) of different 3D serial MR-weighted images is evaluated. A registration protocol for the alignment of all images to one reference coordinate system at baseline is presented. Registration results were evaluated for both, multimodal intra-timepoint and mono-modal multi-temporal registration. The latter case might present a challenge to automatic intensity-based registration algorithms due to ill-defined correspondences. The performance of our algorithm was assessed by testing the inverse registration consistency. Four different similarity measures were evaluated to assess consistency. Results Careful visual inspection suggests that images are well aligned, but their consistency may be imperfect. Sub-voxel inconsistency within the brain was found for allsimilarity measures used for parametric multi-temporal registration. T1-weighted images were most reliable for establishing spatial correspondence between different timepoints. Conclusions The parametric registration algorithm is feasible for use in this application. The sub-voxel resolution mean displacement error of registration transformations demonstrates that the algorithm converges to an almost identical solution for forward and reverse registration.}, subject = {Kernspintomografie}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PalmGraemeCrumetal., author = {Palm, Christoph and Graeme, Penny P. and Crum, William R. and Schnabel, Julia A. and Pietrzyk, Uwe and Hawkes, David J.}, title = {Fusion of Rat Brain Histology and MRI using Weighted Multi-Image Mutual Information}, series = {Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 6914: Image Processing 69140M}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 6914: Image Processing 69140M}, number = {6914}, doi = {10.1117/12.770605}, pages = {69140M-1 -- 69140M-9}, abstract = {Fusion of histology and MRI is frequently demanded in biomedical research to study in vitro tissue properties in an in vivo reference space. Distortions and artifacts caused by cutting and staining of histological slices as well as differences in spatial resolution make even the rigid fusion a difficult task. State-of- the-art methods start with a mono-modal restacking yielding a histological pseudo-3D volume. The 3D information of the MRI reference is considered subsequently. However, consistency of the histology volume and consistency due to the corresponding MRI seem to be diametral goals. Therefore, we propose a novel fusion framework optimizing histology/histology and histology/MRI consistency at the same time finding a balance between both goals. Method - Direct slice-to-slice correspondence even in irregularly-spaced cutting sequences is achieved by registration-based interpolation of the MRI. Introducing a weighted multi-image mutual information metric (WI), adjacent histology and corresponding MRI are taken into account at the same time. Therefore, the reconstruction of the histological volume as well as the fusion with the MRI is done in a single step. Results - Based on two data sets with more than 110 single registrations in all, the results are evaluated quantitatively based on Tanimoto overlap measures and qualitatively showing the fused volumes. In comparison to other multi-image metrics, the reconstruction based on WI is significantly improved. We evaluated different parameter settings with emphasis on the weighting term steering the balance between intra- and inter-modality consistency.}, subject = {Kernspintomografie}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EibenKunzPietrzyketal., author = {Eiben, Bj{\"o}rn and Kunz, Dietmar and Pietrzyk, Uwe and Palm, Christoph}, title = {Level-Set-Segmentierung von Rattenhirn MRTs}, series = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2009; Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen ; Proceedings des Workshops vom 22. bis 25. M{\"a}rz 2009 in Heidelberg}, booktitle = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2009; Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen ; Proceedings des Workshops vom 22. bis 25. M{\"a}rz 2009 in Heidelberg}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {167 -- 171}, abstract = {In dieser Arbeit wird die Segmentierung von Gehirngewebe aus Kopfaufnahmen von Ratten mittels Level-Set-Methoden vorgeschlagen. Dazu wird ein zweidimensionaler, kontrastbasierter Ansatz zu einem dreidimensionalen, lokal an die Bildintensit{\"a}t adaptierten Segmentierer erweitert. Es wird gezeigt, dass mit diesem echten 3D-Ansatz die lokalen Bildstrukturen besser ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden k{\"o}nnen. Insbesondere Magnet-Resonanz-Tomographien (MRTs) mit globalen Helligkeitsgradienten, beispielsweise bedingt durch Oberfl{\"a}chenspulen, k{\"o}nnen auf diese Weise zuverl{\"a}ssiger und ohne weitere Vorverarbeitungsschritte segmentiert werden. Die Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit des Algorithmus wird experimentell an Hand dreier Rattenhirn-MRTs demonstriert.}, subject = {Dreidimensionale Bildverarbeitung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{PietrzykPalmBeyer, author = {Pietrzyk, Uwe and Palm, Christoph and Beyer, Thomas}, title = {Investigation of fusion strategies of multi-modality images}, series = {IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record}, volume = {4}, booktitle = {IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record}, doi = {10.1109/NSSMIC.2004.1462740}, pages = {2399 -- 2401}, abstract = {Presenting images from different modalities seems to be a trivial task considering the challenges to obtain registered images as a pre-requisite for image fusion. In combined tomographs like PET/CT, image registration is intrinsic. However, informative image fusion mandates careful preparation owing to the large amount of information that is presented to the observer. In complex imaging situations it is required to provide tools that are easy to handle and still powerful enough to help the observer discriminating important details from background patterns. We investigated several options for color tables applied to brain and non-brain images obtained with PET, MRI and CT.}, language = {en} } @misc{BauerStoffelsPauleitetal., author = {Bauer, Dagmar and Stoffels, Gabriele and Pauleit, Dirk and Palm, Christoph and Hamacher, Kurt and Coenen, Heinz H. and Langen, Karl}, title = {Uptake of F-18-fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine and H-3-L-methionine in focal cortical ischemia}, series = {The Journal of Nuclear Medicine}, volume = {47}, journal = {The Journal of Nuclear Medicine}, number = {Suppl. 1}, pages = {284P}, abstract = {Objectives: C-11-methionine (MET) is particularly useful in brain tumor diagnosis but unspecific uptake e.g. in cerebral ischemia has been reported (1). The F-18-labeled amino acid O-(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) shows a similar clinical potential as MET in brain tumor diagnosis but is applicable on a wider clinical scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the uptake of FET and H-3-MET in focal cortical ischemia in rats by dual tracer autoradiography. Methods: Focal cortical ischemia was induced in 12 Fisher CDF rats using the photothrombosis model (PT). One day (n=3) , two days (n=5) and 7 days (n=4) after induction of the lesion FET and H-3-MET were injected intravenously. One hour after tracer injection animals were killed, the brains were removed immediately and frozen in 2-methylbutane at -50°C. Brains were cut in coronal sections (thickness: 20 µm) and exposed first to H-3 insensitive photoimager plates to measure FET distribution. After decay of F-18 the distribution of H-3-MET was determined. The autoradiograms were evaluated by regions of interest (ROIs) placed on areas with increased tracer uptake in the PT and the contralateral brain. Lesion to brain ratios (L/B) were calculated by dividing the mean uptake in the lesion and the brain. Based on previous studies in gliomas a L/B ratio > 1.6 was considered as pathological for FET. Results: Variable increased uptake of both tracers was observed in the PT and its demarcation zone at all stages after PT. The cut-off level of 1.6 for FET was exceeded in 9/12 animals. One day after PT the L/B ratios were 2.0 ± 0.6 for FET vs. 2.1 ± 1.0 for MET (mean ± SD); two days after lesion 2.2 ± 0.7 for FET vs. 2.7 ± 1.0 for MET and 7 days after lesion 2.4 ± 0.4 for FET vs. 2.4 ± 0.1 for MET. In single cases discrepancies in the uptake pattern of FET and MET were observed. Conclusions: FET like MET may exhibit significant uptake in infarcted areas or the immediate vincinity which has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of unkown brain lesions. The discrepancies in the uptake pattern of FET and MET in some cases indicates either differences in the transport mechanisms of both amino acids or a different affinity for certain cellular components.}, language = {en} } @article{MatuschDepboyluPalmetal., author = {Matusch, Andreas and Depboylu, Candan and Palm, Christoph and Wu, Bei and H{\"o}glinger, G{\"u}nter U. and Sch{\"a}fer, Martin K.-H. and Becker, Johanna Sabine}, title = {Cerebral bio-imaging of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinsons disease using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)}, series = {Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry}, volume = {21}, journal = {Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1016/j.jasms.2009.09.022}, pages = {161 -- 171}, abstract = {Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been established as a powerful technique for the determination of metal and nonmetal distributions within biological systems with high sensitivity. An imaging LA-ICP-MS technique for Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn was developed to produce large series of quantitative element maps in native brain sections of mice subchronically intoxicated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin (MPTP) as a model of Parkinson's disease. Images were calibrated using matrix-matched laboratory standards. A software solution allowing a precise delineation of anatomical structures was implemented. Coronal brain sections were analyzed crossing the striatum and the substantia nigra, respectively. Animals sacrificed 2 h, 7 d, or 28 d after the last MPTP injection and controls were investigated. We observed significant decreases of Cu concentrations in the periventricular zone and the fascia dentata at 2 h and 7d and a recovery or overcompensation at 28 d, most pronounced in the rostral periventricular zone (+40\%). In the cortex Cu decreased slightly to -10\%. Fe increased in the interpeduncular nucleus (+40\%) but not in the substantia nigra. This pattern is in line with a differential regulation of periventricular and parenchymal Cu, and with the histochemical localization of Fe, and congruent to regions of preferential MPTP binding described in the rodent brain. The LA-ICP-MS technique yielded valid and statistically robust results in the present study on 39 slices from 19 animals. Our findings underline the value of routine micro-local analytical techniques in the life sciences and affirm a role of Cu availability in Parkinson's disease.}, subject = {ICP-Massenspektrometrie}, language = {en} } @article{BeckerMatuschPalmetal., author = {Becker, Johanna Sabine and Matusch, Andreas and Palm, Christoph and Salber, Dagmar and Morton, Kathryn A. and Becker, Julia Susanne}, title = {Bioimaging of metals in brain tissue by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and metallomics}, series = {Metallomics}, journal = {Metallomics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Academic Press}, doi = {10.1039/b916722f}, pages = {104 -- 111}, abstract = {Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been developed and established as an emerging technique in the generation of quantitative images of metal distributions in thin tissue sections of brain samples (such as human, rat and mouse brain), with applications in research related to neurodegenerative disorders. A new analytical protocol is described which includes sample preparation by cryo-cutting of thin tissue sections and matrix-matched laboratory standards, mass spectrometric measurements, data acquisition, and quantitative analysis. Specific examples of the bioimaging of metal distributions in normal rodent brains are provided. Differences to the normal were assessed in a Parkinson's disease and a stroke brain model. Furthermore, changes during normal aging were studied. Powerful analytical techniques are also required for the determination and characterization of metal-containing proteins within a large pool of proteins, e.g., after denaturing or non-denaturing electrophoretic separation of proteins in one-dimensional and two-dimensional gels. LA-ICP-MS can be employed to detect metalloproteins in protein bands or spots separated after gel electrophoresis. MALDI-MS can then be used to identify specific metal-containing proteins in these bands or spots. The combination of these techniques is described in the second section.}, subject = {ICP-Massenspektrometrie}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PalmPietrzyk, author = {Palm, Christoph and Pietrzyk, Uwe}, title = {Time-Dependent Joint Probability Speed Function for Level-Set Segmentation of Rat-Brain Slices}, series = {Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 6914: Image Processing 69143U}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 6914: Image Processing 69143U}, number = {6914}, doi = {10.1117/12.770673}, pages = {69143U-1 -- 69143U-8}, abstract = {The segmentation of rat brain slices suffers from illumination inhomogeneities and staining effects. State-of-the-art level-set methods model slice and background with intensity mixture densities defining the speed function as difference between the respective probabilites. Nevertheless, the overlap of these distributions causes an inaccurate stopping at the slice border. In this work, we propose the characterisation of the border area with intensity pairs for inside and outside estimating joint intensity probabilities. Method - In contrast to global object and background models, we focus on the object border characterised by a joint mixture density. This specifies the probability of the occurance of an inside and an outside value in direct adjacency. These values are not known beforehand, because inside and outside depend on the level-set evolution and change during time. Therefore, the speed function is computed time-dependently at the position of the current zero level-set. Along this zero level-set curve, the inside and outside values are derived as mean along the curvature normal directing inside and outside the object. Advantage of the joint probability distribution is to resolve the distribution overlaps, because these are assumed to be not located at the same border position. Results - The novel time-dependent joint probability based speed function is compared expermimentally with single probability based speed functions. Two rat brains with about 40 slices are segmented and the results analysed using manual segmentations and the Tanimoto overlap measure. Improved results are recognised for both data sets.}, subject = {Kernspintomografie}, language = {en} }