@article{ShamoninChamonineLohmeyerHertel, author = {Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail and Lohmeyer, Manfred and Hertel, Peter}, title = {Analysis of power-dependent switching between radiatively coupled planar waveguides}, series = {Journal of Lightwave Technology}, volume = {15}, journal = {Journal of Lightwave Technology}, number = {6}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, doi = {10.1109/50.588671}, pages = {983 -- 989}, abstract = {Effective coupling between two remote optical waveguides without branching sections can be achieved in a three-guide system with multimode central waveguide. We investigate the nonlinear power switching of c.w. laser radiation by such radiatively coupled waveguides. It is shown that effective all-optical switches with spatially well separated input/output channels can be realized although the influence of multimode interference on the switching characteristics becomes more pronounced for increasing thickness of the central guide. Different coupling regimes are specified, and the changes in switching characteristics during the transformation from one regime to another is studied. Numerical calculations for the critical power are compared with an approximate analytical expression. It is also shown that, at a moderate input power, a small number of modes determines the switching behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{LohmeyerShamoninChamonineBahlmannetal., author = {Lohmeyer, Manfred and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail and Bahlmann, N. and Hertel, Peter and Dotsch, H.}, title = {Radiatively Coupled Waveguide Concept for an Integrated Magneto-Optic Circulator}, series = {MRS Online Proceedings Library}, journal = {MRS Online Proceedings Library}, number = {517}, issn = {1946-4274}, doi = {10.1557/PROC-517-519}, pages = {519 -- 524}, abstract = {Three-guide couplers with multimode central waveguides allow for remote coupling between optical channels. A simple three mode approximation turns out to be sufficient for the description of the main features of the power transfer behavior. The specific form of the relevant modes suggests the design of integrated optical isolators and circulators based on magnetic garnet materials. These novel devices are superior to conventional nonreciprocal couplers with respect to the total length and admissible fabrication tolerances. We characterize the isolation performance and the transmission loss for the proposed devices by propagating mode simulations and estimate the influence of geometry parameter deviations.}, language = {en} } @article{VonGreveDierfeldLothenbachVollprachtetal., author = {Von Greve-Dierfeld, Stefanie and Lothenbach, Barbara and Vollpracht, Anya and Wu, Bei and Huet, Bruno and Andrade, Carmen and Medina, C{\´e}sar and Thiel, Charlotte and Gruyaert, Elke and Vanoutrive, Hanne and Del Sa{\´e}z Bosque, Isabel F. and Ignjatovic, Ivan and Elsen, Jan and Provis, John L. and Scrivener, Karen and Thienel, Karl-Christian and Sideris, Kosmas and Zajac, Maciej and Alderete, Natalia and Cizer, {\"O}zlem and Van den Heede, Philip and Hooton, Robert Douglas and Kamali-Bernard, Siham and Bernal, Susan A. and Zhao, Zengfeng and Shi, Zhenguo and De Belie, Nele}, title = {Understanding the carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials}, series = {Materials and Structures}, volume = {53}, journal = {Materials and Structures}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1617/s11527-020-01558-w}, pages = {1 -- 34}, abstract = {Blended cements, where Portland cement clinker is partially replaced by supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), provide the most feasible route for reducing carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete production. However, lowering the clinker content can lead to an increasing risk of neutralisation of the concrete pore solution and potential reinforcement corrosion due to carbonation. carbonation of concrete with SCMs differs from carbonation of concrete solely based on Portland cement (PC). This is a consequence of the differences in the hydrate phase assemblage and pore solution chemistry, as well as the pore structure and transport properties, when varying the binder composition, age and curing conditions of the concretes. The carbonation mechanism and kinetics also depend on the saturation degree of the concrete and CO2 partial pressure which in turn depends on exposure conditions (e.g. relative humidity, volume, and duration of water in contact with the concrete surface and temperature conditions). This in turn influence the microstructural changes identified upon carbonation. This literature review, prepared by members of RILEM technical committee 281-CCC carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials, working groups 1 and 2, elucidates the effect of numerous SCM characteristics, exposure environments and curing conditions on the carbonation mechanism, kinetics and structural alterations in cementitious systems containing SCMs.}, language = {en} } @article{ShamoninChamonineLohmeyerHertel, author = {Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail and Lohmeyer, Manfred and Hertel, Peter}, title = {Directional coupler based on radiatively coupled waveguides}, series = {Applied optics (Appl. Opt.)}, volume = {36}, journal = {Applied optics (Appl. Opt.)}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1364/ao.36.000635}, pages = {635 -- 641}, abstract = {We investigate a system of two waveguides with leaky modes sharing a common substrate (radiatively coupled waveguides). The main advantage of such a system is the possibility of remote coupling. A perturbation theory is developed for both TE and TM polarization. Numerical calculations of dispersion curves and of the coupling length allow us to determine the limitations of the perturbation theory. We study the influence of multimode interference on the process of beating by considering the propagation of a given initial field. Finally, we propose a new design for an effective, integrated optical TE-TM polarization splitter.}, language = {en} } @misc{HornPippigRaptisetal., author = {Horn, L. C and Pippig, S. and Raptis, Georgios and Fischer, Uta and Kohler, U. and Hentschel, Bettina and Martin, Rosemarie}, title = {00083 PAI-1 AND UFA AS PARAMETERS OF TUMORASSOCIATED PROTEOLYSIS IN CERVICAL CARCINOMA}, series = {International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer}, volume = {15}, journal = {International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer}, number = {Suppl 2}, publisher = {BMJ}, issn = {1048-891X}, doi = {10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200509001-00083}, language = {en} } @article{PolzGlawionGebissoetal., author = {Polz, Julius and Glawion, Luca and Gebisso, Hiob and Altenstrasser, Lukas and Graf, Maximilian and Kunstmann, Harald and Vogl, Stefanie and Chwala, Christian}, title = {Temporal Super-Resolution, Ground Adjustment, and Advection Correction of Radar Rainfall Using 3-D-Convolutional Neural Networks}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, volume = {62}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2024.3371577}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Weather radars are highly sophisticated tools for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) and provide observations with unmatched spatial representativeness. However, their indirect measurement of precipitation high above ground leads to strong systematic errors compared to direct rain gauge measurements. Additionally, the temporal undersampling from 5-min instantaneous radar measurements requires advection correction. We present ResRadNet, a 3-D-convolutional residual neural network approach, to reduce these errors and, at the same time, increase the temporal resolution of the radar rainfall fields by a 5-min short-range prediction of 1-min time-steps. The network is trained to process spatiotemporal sequences of radar rainfall estimates from a composite product derived from 17 C-band weather radars in Germany. In contrast to previous approaches, we present a method that emphasizes the generation of spatiotemporally consistent and advection-corrected country-wide rainfall maps. Our approach significantly increased the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of the radar product (from 0.63 to 0.74) and decreased the root mean squared error (mse) by 22\% when compared to 247 rain gauges at a 5-min resolution. An additional large-scale comparison to eight years of data from 1138 independent manual daily gauges confirmed that the improvement is robust and transferable to new locations. Overall, our study shows the benefits of using 3-D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for weather radar rainfall estimation to provide 1-min, ground-adjusted, that is, bias-corrected with respect to on-ground sensors, and advection-corrected radar rainfall estimates.}, language = {en} } @article{MenzelKammlerConradetal., author = {Menzel, Andreas and Kammler, Martin and Conrad, E. H. and Yeh, V. and Hupalo, Myron and Tringides, Michael C.}, title = {Kinetics measurements of Pb island growth on Si(111)}, series = {Physical Review B}, volume = {67}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {16}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.67.165314}, abstract = {We present the results of kinetics experiments on quantum-size-effects (QSE) Pb islands formed on Si(111). We have looked at the evolution of seven-layer Pb islands from five-layer Pb islands due to the transport of Pb atoms from the interisland region, overcoming a barrier at the island edges, and moving to the island tops. By analyzing low-energy electron-diffraction and scanning-tunneling microscopy data, we have estimated the barrier for layer formation in this system to be ∼0.32eV. This energy is much larger than that expected from QSE electronic contributions alone.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HecknerFuchsRaabetal., author = {Heckner, Markus and Fuchs, Markus and Raab, F. and Wolff, Christian}, title = {Monitoring students' mobile app coding behavior data analysis based on IDE and browser interaction logs}, series = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON, 03-05 April 2014, Istanbul, Turkey}, booktitle = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON, 03-05 April 2014, Istanbul, Turkey}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2014.6826202}, pages = {892 -- 899}, abstract = {This paper describes a case study of assessing student's coding behavior and skills in a realistic development setting. Students had to solve typical programming problems in the context of app development for the Android platform using the Eclipse IDE. Data was analyzed using IDE as well as browser interaction logs. In addition, screen recordings of the students' interaction with the IDE provide further insight. In this paper we present the first results of our ongoing work.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{YoshiokaSehrDelcroixetal., author = {Yoshioka, Takuya and Sehr, Armin and Delcroix, Marc and Kinoshita, Keisuke and Maas, Roland and Nakatani, Tomohiro and Kellermann, Walter}, title = {Survey on approaches to speech recognition in reverberant environments}, series = {Asia-Pacific Signal \& Information Processing Association annual summit and conference (APSIPA ASC), 2012 : Hollywood, California, USA, 3 - 6 Dec. 2012}, booktitle = {Asia-Pacific Signal \& Information Processing Association annual summit and conference (APSIPA ASC), 2012 : Hollywood, California, USA, 3 - 6 Dec. 2012}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-0-6157-0050-2}, abstract = {This paper overviews the state of the art in reverberant speech processing from the speech recognition viewpoint. First, it points out that the key to successful reverberant speech recognition is to account for long-term dependencies between reverberant observations obtained from consecutive time frames. Then, a diversity of approaches that exploit the long-term dependencies in various ways is described, ranging from signal and feature dereverberation to acoustic model compensation tailored to reverberation. A framework for classifying those approaches is presented to highlight similarities and differences between them.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KammlerHornvonHoegenVossetal., author = {Kammler, Martin and Horn- von Hoegen, Michael and Voss, N. and Tringides, Michael C. and Menzel, Andreas and Conrad, E. H.}, title = {Surface Dynamics of Stepped Si(001) Studied by Temporal Leed Spectroscopy}, series = {Collective Diffusion on Surfaces: Correlation Effects and Adatom Interactions (NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry}, volume = {29}, booktitle = {Collective Diffusion on Surfaces: Correlation Effects and Adatom Interactions (NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-010-0816-7_3}, pages = {23 -- 32}, abstract = {We present the first demonstration of Temporal LEED Spectroscopy's ability to measure surface dynamics as shown by a study of step dynamics on vicinal Si(001). While we measure activation energies consistent with other work, the observed microscopic mechanism driving the fluctuations is inconsistent with previous claims. We exclude evaporation/condensation of atoms from the steps as the rate limiting kinetics in the temperature range of this experiment. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AltenbergerNallaNosteretal., author = {Altenberger, Igor and Nalla, Ravi K. and Noster, Ulf and Liu, G.Y. and Scholtes, Berthold and Ritchie, Robert O.}, title = {Effects of Deep Rolling on the Fatigue Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures}, series = {Ti-2003 Science and Technology, Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Titanium, held at the CCH-Congress Center Hamburg, Germany 13-18 July 2003, Vol 1}, booktitle = {Ti-2003 Science and Technology, Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Titanium, held at the CCH-Congress Center Hamburg, Germany 13-18 July 2003, Vol 1}, editor = {L{\"u}tjering, G. and Albrecht, J.}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {3-527-30306-5}, pages = {1059 -- 1066}, language = {en} } @article{EnglertAngeleFierlbecketal., author = {Englert, Carsten and Angele, Peter and Fierlbeck, J. and Dendorfer, Sebastian and Schubert, T. and M{\"u}ller, R. and Lienhard, S. and Zellner, Johannes and Nerlich, Michael and Neumann, Carsten}, title = {Conductive bone substitute material with variable antibiotic delivery}, series = {Der Unfallchirurg}, volume = {110}, journal = {Der Unfallchirurg}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s00113-007-1229-3}, pages = {408 -- 413}, abstract = {A new bone substitute, consisting of hydroxylapatite and calcium sulphate, was prepared in two formulations and analysed for its mechanical strength and antibiotic elution.The bone substitute PerOssal has osteoconductive and degradable properties. The material has a built-in capillary structure, which results in an immediate fluid uptake. Antibiotics absorbed to the bone substitute resulted in a prolonged release rate. Mechanical strength was investigated by an unconfined compression test up to failure under both wet and dry conditions for both formulations of the bone substitute. Antibiotic release was analysed microbiologically for two antibiotics, vancomycin and gentamicin, over an elution period of 10 days using the agar diffusion method.The drug release analysis resulted in a prolonged release rate of both antibiotics over 10 days. In vitro the amount of gentamicin and vancomycin eluted at day 10. From one pellet still exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration of most aetiologically important pathogens. Formulation two of the present bone substitute is significantly harder in both wet and dry conditions when compared to formulation one. Both formulations lose strength in the wet condition relative to their performance in the dry condition. However, formulation two is as hard under wet conditions as formulation one is when dry.PerOssal is a suitable new degradable osteoconductive bone substitute that can be loaded with antibiotic solutions, which are released in effective doses over 10 days. The mechanical strength of PerOssal is sufficient to support cancellous bone defects in non-weight-bearing areas or in combination with osteosynthesis.}, subject = {Knochenersatz}, language = {en} } @article{StichelFrickLaumeretal., author = {Stichel, Thomas and Frick, Thomas and Laumer, Tobias and Tenner, Felix and Hausotte, Tino and Merklein, Marion and Schmidt, Michael}, title = {A Round Robin study for Selective Laser Sintering of polyamide 12: Microstructural origin of the mechanical properties}, series = {Optics \& Laser Technology}, volume = {89}, journal = {Optics \& Laser Technology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.09.042}, pages = {31 -- 40}, abstract = {The mechanical and microstructural investigation of polymer parts (polyamide 12) fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering as part of a Round Robin initiative is presented. The paper focuses on the microstructural analysis of the Round Robin samples and their evaluation regarding their effect on mechanical properties with respect to each other. Therefore optical microscopy on microtomed samples, X-ray computed tomography and Differential Scanning Calorimetry is used to determine the morphology of residual particle cores and of internal pores.}, language = {en} } @techreport{HoellerQuirtMahnetal., author = {H{\"o}ller, Christoph and Quirt, David and Mahn, Jeffrey and M{\"u}ller-Trapet, Markus}, title = {Guide to calculating airborne sound transmission in buildings}, edition = {5th edition}, publisher = {National Research Council of Canada. Construction}, doi = {10.4224/40001814}, abstract = {In recent years, the science and engineering for controlling sound transmission in buildings have shifted from a focus on individual assemblies such as walls or floors, to a focus on performance of the complete system. Standardized procedures for calculating the overall transmission, combined with standardized measurements to characterize sub-assemblies, provide much better prediction of sound transmission between adjacent indoor spaces. The International Standards Organization (ISO) has published a calculation method, ISO 15712-1 that uses laboratory test data for sub-assemblies such as walls and floors as inputs for a detailed procedure to calculate the expected sound transmission between adjacent rooms in a building. This standard works very well for some types of construction, but to use it in a North American context one must overcome two obstacles - incompatibility with the ASTM standards used by our construction industry, and low accuracy of its predictions for lightweight wood or steel frame construction. To bypass limitations of ISO 15712-1, this Guide explains how to merge ASTM and ISO test data in the ISO calculation procedure, and provides recommendations for applying extended measurement and calculation procedures for specific common types of construction. This Guide was developed in a project established by the National Research Council of Canada to support the transition of construction industry practice to using apparent sound transmission class (ASTC) for sound control objectives in the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC). However, the potential range of application goes beyond the minimum requirements of the NBCC - the Guide also facilitates design to provide enhanced sound insulation, and should be generally applicable to construction in both Canada and the USA. This publication contains a limited set of examples for several types of construction, to provide an introduction and overview of the ASTC calculation procedure. Additional examples and measurement data can be found in the companion documents to this Guide, namely NRC Research Reports RR-333 to RR-337. Furthermore, the calculation procedure outlined and illustrated in this Guide is also used by the software web application soundPATHS, which is available for free on the website of the National Research Council of Canada (see the references in Section 7 of this Guide for access details). Au cours des derni{\`e}res ann{\´e}es, les scientifiques et les ing{\´e}nieurs ont fait porter leurs efforts en mati{\`e}re d'att{\´e}nuation de la transmission du son dans les b{\^a}timents davantage sur le rendement du syst{\`e}me dans sa totalit{\´e} que sur les ensembles de construction individuels. Les m{\´e}thodes normalis{\´e}es de calcul de la transmission globale, combin{\´e}es {\`a} des mesures normalis{\´e}es de caract{\´e}risation des sous-ensembles, permettent de mieux pr{\´e}dire la transmission du son entre des espaces int{\´e}rieurs adjacents. L'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO) a publi{\´e} une m{\´e}thode de calcul, la norme ISO 15712-1, qui utilise des donn{\´e}es d'essai en laboratoire pour les sous-ensembles, comme les murs et les planchers, comme donn{\´e}es d'entr{\´e}e en vue d'une m{\´e}thode d{\´e}taill{\´e}e de calcul de la transmission du son pr{\´e}vue entre des pi{\`e}ces adjacentes dans un b{\^a}timent. Cette norme fonctionne tr{\`e}s bien pour certains types de construction, mais pour l'utiliser dans un contexte nord-am{\´e}ricain, il faut surmonter deux obstacles - l'incompatibilit{\´e} avec les normes ASTM utilis{\´e}es par notre industrie de la construction et la faible exactitude de ses pr{\´e}visions pour la construction {\`a} ossature de bois ou d'acier l{\´e}g{\`e}re. Pour contourner les limites de la norme ISO 15712-1, le pr{\´e}sent guide explique comment fusionner les donn{\´e}es d'essai de l'ISO et de l'ASTM dans la m{\´e}thode de calcul de l'ISO, et formule des recommandations relativement {\`a} l'application de m{\´e}thodes {\´e}largies de mesure et de calcul pour des types de construction courants. Le pr{\´e}sent guide a {\´e}t{\´e} {\´e}labor{\´e} dans le cadre d'un projet mis sur pied par le Conseil national de recherches du Canada afin d'appuyer la transition de la pratique de l'industrie de la construction vers l'utilisation d'un indice de transmission du son apparent (ITSA) satisfaisant aux objectifs de r{\´e}duction rigoureux du Code national du b{\^a}timent du Canada (CNBC). Toutefois, l'{\´e}ventail potentiel d'applications va au-del{\`a} des exigences minimales du CNBC - le Guide facilite aussi une conception visant {\`a} am{\´e}liorer l'insonorisation et devrait s'appliquer de fa{\c{c}}on g{\´e}n{\´e}rale {\`a} la construction tant au Canada qu'aux {\´E}tats-Unis. La pr{\´e}sente publication contient un ensemble limit{\´e} d'exemples pour plusieurs types de construction, afin de fournir une introduction et un aper{\c{c}}u de la m{\´e}thode de calcul de l'ITSA. On trouvera d'autres exemples et donn{\´e}es de mesure dans les documents d'accompagnement du pr{\´e}sent guide, {\`a} savoir, les rapports de recherche RR-333 {\`a} RR-337 du CNRC. De plus, la m{\´e}thode de calcul d{\´e}crite et illustr{\´e}e dans le pr{\´e}sent guide est {\´e}galement utilis{\´e}e par l'application Web soundPATHS, disponible gratuitement sur le site Web du Conseil national de recherches du Canada (voir les r{\´e}f{\´e}rences {\`a} la section 7 du pr{\´e}sent guide pour les d{\´e}tails d'acc{\`e}s).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ShymanovichNicoulLuetal., author = {Shymanovich, Uladzimir and Nicoul, Matthieu and Lu, Wei and Tarasevitch, A. and Kammler, Martin and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael and von der Linde, D. and Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus and Phipps, Claude}, title = {Coherent acoustic and optical phonons in laser-excited solids studied by ultrafast time-resolved X-ray diffraction}, series = {AIP Conference Proceedings}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings}, number = {1}, publisher = {AIP}, doi = {10.1063/1.3507146}, pages = {558 -- 566}, abstract = {We apply ultrafast time-resolved X-ray diffraction to directly study coherent acoustic and optical phonons in laser-excited materials. In Au the ps acoustic response has been investigated with the particular goal to clarify the interplay of electronic and thermal pressure contributions. In Bi the extreme softening of the coherently excited A 1 g optical phonon presents strong indication that upon intense laser-excitation the Peierls-transition which determines the equilibrium structure of Bi can be reversed. In FeRh we studied the lattice response after a fast laser-induced anti-ferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition.}, language = {en} } @techreport{HoellerQuirtMuellerTrapet, author = {H{\"o}ller, Christoph and Quirt, David and Mueller-Trapet, Markus}, title = {Apparent sound insulation in wood-framed buildings}, publisher = {National Research Council of Canada. Construction}, doi = {10.4224/23002820}, abstract = {This Report presents the results from substantial experimental studies of sound transmission, together with an explanation of calculation procedures to predict the sound transmission between adjacent spaces in a building with wood-framed walls and floors. This Report presents two types of experimental data for wood-framed constructions: - Test data for direct sound transmission through typical wood-framed wall assemblies and wood-framed floor assemblies, plus a summary of trends for such constructions and references to compilations of additional data - Test data for flanking sound transmission measured following the procedures of ISO 10848 for coupled wall/floor junctions and wall/wall junctions Worked examples for calculating the apparent sound transmission class (ASTC) rating between adjacent dwelling units are presented to illustrate how the experimental data can be applied.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LuNicoulShymanovichetal., author = {Lu, Wei and Nicoul, Matthieu and Shymanovich, Uladzimir and Tarasevitch, A. and Kammler, Martin and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael and von der Linde, D. and Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus}, title = {Transient reversal of a Peierls-transition: Extreme phonon softening in laser-excited Bismuth}, series = {International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, Snowmass}, booktitle = {International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, Snowmass}, number = {ME41}, publisher = {Optica Publishing Group}, doi = {10.1364/UP.2010.ME41}, abstract = {Laser-excited coherent optical phonons in Bismuth were investigated using time-resolved X-ray diffraction. The observed extreme softening of the excited A1g-mode presents strong indication that the Peierls-distortion defining the equilibrium structure of Bismuth is transiently reversed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GabrielWittmannHackeretal., author = {Gabriel, Christian and Wittmann, Christoffer and Hacker, B. and Mauerer, Wolfgang and Huntington, E. and Sabuncu, M. and Marquardt, Christoph and Leuchs, Gerd}, title = {A high-speed secure quantum random number generator based on vacuum states}, series = {IEEE/OSA Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 06-11 May 2012, San Jose CA USA}, booktitle = {IEEE/OSA Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 06-11 May 2012, San Jose CA USA}, publisher = {Optical Society of America}, abstract = {A high-speed continuous-variable quantum random bit generator with an expected effective bit generation rate of up to 10 GBit/s is presented. The obtained bit sequences are truly random and unique, i.e. they cannot be known by an adversary.}, language = {en} } @article{PortavoceKammlerHulletal., author = {Portavoce, A. and Kammler, Martin and Hull, Robert and Reuter, Mark C. and Copel, M. and Ross, Frances M.}, title = {Growth of nanostructures by locally modified surface reactivity}, series = {Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing}, volume = {12}, journal = {Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.mssp.2009.07.001}, pages = {25 -- 30}, abstract = {The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of Si and Ge on Si(0 0 1) substrates covered by 1 monolayer of Ga has been studied. Ga modifies surface reactivity and surface atom mobility. We show that islanding occurs during Ga-mediated CVD even in the absence of strain, allowing for the formation of islands without a wetting layer or with a thinner wetting layer. The morphology of the grown layer is highly dependent on kinetic parameters, i.e. growth temperature and growth pressure, that control Si and Ge deposition and Ga desorption. Si Ga-mediated CVD promotes the formation of self-assembled epitaxial Si islands exhibiting {1 1 3} facets. Ge islands grown by Ga-mediated CVD present reduced lateral sizes and an increased surface density compared to non Ga-mediated CVD. The growth morphology (particularly island size and density) can be understood by considering a qualitative model in which atoms are deposited only on sites whose dangling bonds are not passivated by Ga. We suggest that modification of surface reactivity during surfactant-mediated CVD can thus provide a new degree of freedom for quantum dot fabrication.}, language = {en} } @article{PortavoceKammlerHulletal., author = {Portavoce, A. and Kammler, Martin and Hull, Robert and Reuter, Mark C. and Ross, Frances M.}, title = {Mechanism of the nanoscale localization of Ge quantum dot nucleation on focused ion beam templated Si(001) surfaces}, series = {Nanotechnology}, volume = {17}, journal = {Nanotechnology}, number = {17}, publisher = {IOP}, doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/17/17/028}, pages = {4451 -- 4455}, abstract = {We investigate the fundamental mechanism by which self-assembled Ge islands can be nucleated at specific sites on Si(001) using ultra-low-dose focused ion beam (FIB) pre-patterning. Island nucleation is controlled by a nanotopography that forms after the implantation of Ga ions during subsequent thermal annealing of the substrate. This nanotopography evolves during the annealing stage, changing from a nanoscale annular depression associated with each focused ion beam spot to a nanoscale pit, and eventually disappearing (planarizing). The correspondence of Ge quantum dot nucleation sites to the focused ion beam features requires a growth surface upon which the nanotopography is preserved. A further key observation is that the Ge wetting layer thickness is reduced in patterned regions, allowing the formation of islands on the templated regions without nucleation elsewhere. These results provide routes to the greatly enhanced design and control of quantum dot distributions and dimensions.}, language = {en} } @article{RossKammlerReuteretal., author = {Ross, Frances M. and Kammler, Martin and Reuter, Mark C. and Hull, Robert}, title = {In-situ observations of self-assembled island nucleation on patterned substrates}, series = {Philosophical Magazine}, volume = {84}, journal = {Philosophical Magazine}, number = {25-26}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, doi = {10.1080/14786430410001671430}, pages = {2687 -- 2702}, abstract = {We compare in-situ electron microscopy observations of Ge island growth on Si surfaces modulated by different techniques. Si(001) substrates were patterned either using a focused Ga ion beam or lithographically to produce similar feature sizes. In the case of the focused-ion-beam patterned substrates, chemical or strain effects caused by low Ga doses control the positions at which islands nucleate. Nucleation on topographically modulated substrates, with the pattern produced either by high-dose sputtering or lithographically, is controlled by the nature of the side walls of topographic features. The two patterning approaches have different benefits in creating arrays of islands for device applications.}, language = {en} } @article{MenzelConradTringidesetal., author = {Menzel, Andreas and Conrad, E. H. and Tringides, Michael C. and Kammler, Martin and Horn- von Hoegen, Michael}, title = {Finite collection time effects in autocovariance function measurements}, series = {Journal of Applied Physics}, volume = {93}, journal = {Journal of Applied Physics}, number = {4}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, doi = {10.1063/1.1537466}, pages = {2229 -- 2235}, abstract = {In this paper we discuss how finite data sets influence experimental measurements of the autocovariance function. Autocovariance estimators are biased, meaning that the expectation value for any measured autocovariance function is not identical to the actual autocovariance function. In this work we show that the measured autocovariance function for a finite length time series must become negative for some lag times. We derive analytic corrections to these finite time errors for different types of correlated random sequences. Our results explain the apparent anticorrelated noise observed in experimental observations.}, language = {en} } @article{KammlerHullReuteretal., author = {Kammler, Martin and Hull, Robert and Reuter, Mark C. and Ross, Frances M.}, title = {Lateral control of self-assembled island nucleation by focused-ion-beam micropatterning}, series = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {82}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, number = {7}, doi = {10.1063/1.1542680}, pages = {1093 -- 1095}, abstract = {We demonstrate that the nucleation sites of nanoscale, self-assembled Ge islands on Si(001) can be controlled by patterning the Si surface in situ with a focused ion beam. At low doses of 6000 Ga+ ions per <100 nm spot, the selective growth is achieved without modifying the initial surface topography. At larger doses, topographic effects produced by sputtering and redeposition control the selective nucleation sites. Islands grown on irradiated spots are smaller with higher aspect ratio than islands grown on clean Si(001), suggesting a strong surfactant effect of Ga.}, language = {en} } @article{SokolowskiTintenBlomeBlumsetal., author = {Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus and Blome, Christian and Blums, Juris and Shymanovich, Uladzimir and Nicoul, Matthieu and Cavalleri, Andrea and Tarasevitch, A. and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael and Kammler, Martin and von der Linde, D.}, title = {Ultrafast X-ray diffraction}, series = {Ultrafast Phenomena XIV}, volume = {79}, journal = {Ultrafast Phenomena XIV}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/3-540-27213-5_53}, pages = {170 -- 174}, abstract = {In the last few years the generation of femtosecond pulses in the X-ray regime has become possible. These ultrashort X-ray pulses have enabled femtosecond time- resolution to be extended to X-rays.}, language = {en} } @article{KammlerHullPortavoceetal., author = {Kammler, Martin and Hull, Robert and Portavoce, A. and Reuter, Mark C. and Ross, Frances M.}, title = {In-Situ Focused Ion Beam Micropatterning of Ge Islands}, series = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {9}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, number = {S02}, publisher = {Microscopy Society of America}, doi = {10.1017/S1431927603441214}, pages = {132 -- 134}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FinckhZilch, author = {Finckh, Wolfgang and Zilch, Konrad}, title = {Shear capacity of flexural strengthened reinforced concrete structures with CFRP materials}, series = {Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2010), Sep 27-29, 2010, Beijing, China}, booktitle = {Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2010), Sep 27-29, 2010, Beijing, China}, editor = {Ye, Lieping and Feng, Peng and Yue, Qingrui}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-642-17486-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-17487-2_175}, abstract = {By enlarging the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete structures with externally bonded CRFP materials the shear behavior is also affected. To evaluate this effect shear tests on flexural strengthened reinforced concrete beams were carried out. Half of the tests were done with externally bonded CFRP-strips and the other half with near surface mounted reinforcement. Based on these tests and the EC2 approach for the shear force was checked.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AltenbergerNosterNallaetal., author = {Altenberger, Igor and Noster, Ulf and Nalla, Ravi K. and Ritchie, Robert O. and Scholtes, Berthold}, title = {Residual stress relaxation in fatigue of mechanically surface treated materials}, series = {Proceedings 132nd Annual TMS Meeting, March 2-6, 2003, San Diego, California}, booktitle = {Proceedings 132nd Annual TMS Meeting, March 2-6, 2003, San Diego, California}, pages = {312}, language = {en} } @article{FritzReisAdamsetal., author = {Fritz, D. M. and Reis, D. A. and Adams, B. and Akre, R. A. and Arthur, J. and Blome, Christian and Bucksbaum, P. H. and Cavalieri, A. L. and Engemann, S. and Fahy, S. and Falcone, R. W. and Fuoss, P. H. and Gaffney, K. J. and George, M. J. and Hajdu, J. and Hertlein, M. P. and Hillyard, P. B. and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael and Kammler, Martin and Kaspar, J. and Kienberger, R. and Krejcik, P. and Lee, S. H. and Lindenberg, A. M. and McFarland, B. and Meyer, D. and Montagne, T. and Murray, E. D. and Nelson, A. J. and Nicoul, Matthieu and Pahl, R. and Rudati, J. and Schlarb, H. and Siddons, D. P. and Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus and Tschentscher, Th and von der Linde, D. and Hastings, J. B.}, title = {Ultrafast bond softening in bismuth: mapping a solid's interatomic potential with X-rays}, series = {Science}, volume = {315}, journal = {Science}, number = {5812}, publisher = {AAAS}, doi = {10.1126/science.1135009}, pages = {633 -- 636}, abstract = {Intense femtosecond laser excitation can produce transient states of matter that would otherwise be inaccessible to laboratory investigation. At high excitation densities, the interatomic forces that bind solids and determine many of their properties can be substantially altered. Here, we present the detailed mapping of the carrier density-dependent interatomic potential of bismuth approaching a solid-solid phase transition. Our experiments combine stroboscopic techniques that use a high-brightness linear electron accelerator-based x-ray source with pulse-by-pulse timing reconstruction for femtosecond resolution, allowing quantitative characterization of the interatomic potential energy surface of the highly excited solid.}, language = {en} } @article{LaunhardtWoerzLodereretal., author = {Launhardt, M. and W{\"o}rz, A. and Loderer, A. and Laumer, Tobias and Drummer, Dietmar and Hausotte, Tino and Schmidt, Michael}, title = {Detecting surface roughness on SLS parts with various measuring techniques}, series = {Polymer Testing}, volume = {53}, journal = {Polymer Testing}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {0142-9418}, issn = {1873-2348}, doi = {10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.05.022}, pages = {217 -- 226}, abstract = {Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique whereby a laser melts polymer powder layer by layer to generate three-dimensional parts. It enables the fabrication of parts with high degrees of complexity, nearly no geometrical restrictions, and without the necessity of a tool or a mold. Due to the orientation in the building space, the processing parameters, and the powder properties, the resulting parts possess an increased surface roughness. In comparison to other manufacturing techniques, e.g. injection molding, the surface roughness of SLS parts results from partially melted powder particles on the surface layer. The actual surface roughness must thus be characterized with respect to the part's eventual application. At the moment, there is no knowledge regarding which measuring technique is most suitable for detecting and quantifying SLS parts' surface roughness. The scope of this paper is to compare tactile profile measurement methods, as established in industry, to optical measurement techniques such as Focus Variation, Fringe Projection Technique (FPT), and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). The advantages and disadvantages of each method are presented and, additionally, the effect of tactile measurement on a part's surface is investigated.}, language = {en} } @article{HupfeldLaumerSticheletal., author = {Hupfeld, T. and Laumer, Tobias and Stichel, T. and Schuffenhauer, T. and Heberle, J. and Schmidt, Michael and Barcikowski, S. and G{\"o}kce, B.}, title = {A new approach to coat PA12 powders with laser-generated nanoparticles for selective laser sintering}, series = {Procedia CIRP}, volume = {74}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2018.08.103}, pages = {244 -- 248}, abstract = {The modification of selective laser sintering (SLS) powder materials by nanoadditives offers the possibility to adapt the powder properties to the laser sintering process or the resulting part properties. To avoid agglomeration of the nanofiller, a new approach in which surfactant-free laser-generated colloidal nanoparticles are adsorbed onto the polymer surface directly in an aqueous solution is demonstrated. Based on this novel approach, polyamide 12 (PA12) powders are decorated with metal and oxide nanoparticles and processed via SLS. Electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning imaging are utilized to analyze the dispersion of the filler.}, language = {en} } @article{LaumerStichelNagulinetal., author = {Laumer, Tobias and Stichel, T. and Nagulin, K. and Schmidt, Michael}, title = {Optical analysis of polymer powder materials for Selective Laser Sintering}, series = {Polymer Testing}, volume = {56}, journal = {Polymer Testing}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {1873-2348}, doi = {10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.10.010}, pages = {207 -- 213}, abstract = {This study increases the basic understanding of optical material properties of polymer powders used in selective laser sintering (SLS). Therefore, different polymer powder materials were analyzed regarding their optical material properties with an integration spheres measurement setup. By the measurements a direct connection between the absorption behavior of the solid material and the overall optical material characteristics of the same material in powdery form could be shown. The results were used to develop an advanced explanation model for the optical material properties of powders. At present, existing explanation models only consider the occurring of multiple reflections in the gaps between the particles to explain the overall optical material properties of powder materials. Thus, by also considering the absorption behavior of the single particles, the basic understanding of the beam-matter interaction and their effect on the optical material properties of powder materials can be expanded.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SokolowskiTintenBlomeBlumsetal., author = {Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus and Blome, Christian and Blums, Juris and Shymanovich, Uladzimir and Nicoul, Matthieu and Cavalleri, Andrea and Tarasevitch, A. and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael and Kammler, Martin and von der Linde, Dietrich}, title = {Ultrafast X-ray diffraction}, series = {Ultrafast Phenomena XIV}, volume = {79}, booktitle = {Ultrafast Phenomena XIV}, editor = {Kobayashi, Tetsuro}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-540-27213-7}, doi = {10.1007/3-540-27213-5_53}, pages = {170 -- 174}, abstract = {In the last few years the generation of femtosecond pulses in the X-ray regime has become possible. These ultrashort X-ray pulses have enabled femtosecond time- resolution to be extended to X-rays.}, language = {en} } @article{KammlerHornvonHoegenVossetal., author = {Kammler, Martin and Horn- von Hoegen, Michael and Voss, N. and Tringides, Michael C. and Menzel, Andreas and Conrad, E. H.}, title = {Si(001) step dynamics: A temporal low-energy electron diffraction study}, series = {Physical Review B}, volume = {65}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {7}, publisher = {APS}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.65.075312}, abstract = {We present equilibrium measurements of the dynamics of steps on Si(001) using temporal electron-diffraction spectroscopy. Activation energies and the rate limiting kinetics are identified for 950K<~T<~1130K. Unlike previous studies at higher temperatures, we can exclude evaporation and condensation of atoms or dimers from the step edges as the rate limiting process in this temperature regime. The possible reason for this difference is discussed in terms of a crossover from different rate-limiting kinetics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SehrYoshiokaDelcroixetal., author = {Sehr, Armin and Yoshioka, Takuya and Delcroix, Marc and Kinoshita, Keisuke and Nakatani, Tomohiro and Maas, Roland and Kellermann, Walter}, title = {Conditional emission densities for combining speech enhancement and recognition systems}, series = {Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH, 25 - 29 August 2013, Lyon, France}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH, 25 - 29 August 2013, Lyon, France}, publisher = {ISCA}, doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2013-265}, pages = {3502 -- 3506}, abstract = {A novel framework based on conditional emission densities for hidden Markov models (HMMs) is proposed in this contribution to integrate speech enhancement systems with automatic speech recognition systems. In the training phase, the observed feature vectors, corrupted by background noise and reverberation, together with estimates for the interference as provided by the speech enhancement system are used for training joint densities of the observations and the interference estimates. In the decoding phase, the joint densities are transformed to conditional densities of the observed features given the interference estimates. Thus, front end processing can be exploited for obtaining interference estimates, and the estimation errors can be modeled very effectively in a data-driven way. Connected digit recognition experiments in a simulated reverberant environment show the potential of the proposed approach: HMMs with the proposed conditional densities outperform various configurations of conventional HMMs in the logarithmic melspectral domain. This is a first step towards using conditional densities for creating synergies between front end and back end. Index Terms: speech enhancement, robust speech recognition, dereverberation, conditional HMM emission densities, frame- by-frame model adaptation.}, language = {en} } @article{WalterSchmidtKoerkel, author = {Walter, Sebastian F. and Schmidt, Andreas and K{\"o}rkel, Stefan}, title = {Adjoint-based optimization of experimental designs with many control variables}, series = {Journal of Process Control}, volume = {24}, journal = {Journal of Process Control}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0959-1524}, doi = {10.1016/j.jprocont.2014.06.019}, pages = {1504 -- 1515}, abstract = {We propose a method for an efficient optimization of experimental designs, using a combination of discrete adjoint computations, Taylor arithmetic and matrix calculus. Compared to the state of the art of using finite differences or the forward mode of automatic differentiation, our proposed approach leads to a reduction of the relative temporal complexity from linear to constant time in the number of control variables and measurement weights. We demonstrate that the advantageous complexity results are not only of theoretical nature, but lead to significant speedups in practice as well. With our implementation we are very close to the theoretical bound of the cheap gradient principle. We present one academic (spatially discretized heat equation) and two industrial application examples (biochemical process/Diesel-oxidation catalysis process) where we achieve speedups that range between 10 and 100. In addition to our core results, we also describe an efficient adjoint approach for the treatment of differential algebraic equations and present adjoint formulas for constrained least-squares problems.}, language = {de} } @incollection{HeeseSteinSchmidt, author = {Heese, Carl and Stein, Margit and Schmidt, Hans-Ludwig}, title = {Zielorientierung als Merkmal intelligenter Praxis und als transdisziplin{\"a}re und therapieintegrierende Einstellung}, series = {Patientenorientierte Versorgung im Team - POVIT}, booktitle = {Patientenorientierte Versorgung im Team - POVIT}, editor = {Heese, Carl and Schmidt, Hans-Ludwig and Preger, Rudolf}, publisher = {BPB-Verlag diritto Publikationen}, address = {Eichst{\"a}tt}, isbn = {3-927728-61-6}, pages = {39 -- 48}, language = {de} } @techreport{HeeseSchmidtPreger, author = {Heese, Carl and Schmidt, Hans-Ludwig and Preger, Rudolf}, title = {Patientenorientierte Versorgung im Team - POVIT}, publisher = {BPB}, address = {Eichst{\"a}tt}, isbn = {3-927728-61-6}, pages = {160}, language = {de} } @incollection{HeeseSteinSchmidt, author = {Heese, Carl and Stein, Margit and Schmidt, Hans-Ludwig}, title = {Das Kipfenberger Team-Controlling: Ein Instrument der Teamentwicklung und Qualit{\"a}tssicherung}, series = {Patientenorientierte Versorgung im Team}, booktitle = {Patientenorientierte Versorgung im Team}, editor = {Heese, Carl and Schmidt, Hans-Ludwig and Preger, Rudolf}, publisher = {BPB}, address = {Eichst{\"a}tt}, pages = {83 -- 98}, language = {de} } @incollection{Heese, author = {Heese, Carl}, title = {Das Goal-Attainment-Scaling (GAS) in der Rehabilitation}, editor = {Heese, Carl and Schmidt, Hans-Ludwig and Preger, Rudolf}, publisher = {BPB}, address = {Eichst{\"a}tt}, pages = {49 -- 82}, language = {de} } @article{HeesePreger, author = {Heese, Carl and Preger, Rudolf}, title = {Die Einf{\"u}hrung des Patientenorientierten Flussprinzips in der Neurologischen Rehabilitation}, series = {Das Krankenhaus}, volume = {Band 95}, journal = {Das Krankenhaus}, number = {H. 4}, publisher = {Kohlhammer}, address = {Stuttgart}, pages = {297 -- 305}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Heese, author = {Heese, Carl}, title = {Die Entwicklung des Gesundheits- und Sozialmanagements im Vergleich}, pages = {246}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{AltenbergerNallaNosteretal., author = {Altenberger, Igor and Nalla, Ravi K. and Noster, Ulf and Scholtes, Berthold and Ritchie, Robert O.}, title = {On the fatigue behavior and associated effect of residual stresses in deep rolled and laser shock peened Ti-6Al-4V at ambient and elevated temperatures}, series = {2003 TMS annual meeting}, booktitle = {2003 TMS annual meeting}, publisher = {The Minerals, Metals \& Materials Society (TMS)}, pages = {359}, abstract = {Mechanical surface treatments, such as deep rolling, shot peening and laser shock peening, can significantly improve the fatigue behavior of highly stressed metallic components. Deep rolling is an especially attractive technique since it is possible to generate deep, near-surface compressive residual stresses and work hardening while retaining a relatively smooth surface finish. Indeed, this technique is best known for increasing the fatigue strength and lifetime of steel components such as crankshafts. Although most work on deep rolling has been on steels, recently it has also been applied with reasonable success to titanium alloys. Accordingly, in this investigation, we examine the effect of deep rolling on the high-cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V, with particular emphasis on the thermal and mechanical stability of the residual stress states and near-surface microstructures. Preliminary results on laser shock peened Ti-6Al-4V are also presented for comparison. In addition, we examine whether these surface treatments are effective in retaining fatigue strength at the higher temperatures of 300 to 450C. Based on the cyclic deformation and stress/life behavior, together with the X-ray and microstructural observations, it is found that deep rolling can be quite effective in retarding the initiation and initial propagation of fatigue cracks in Ti-6Al-4V at such higher temperatures, despite the almost complete relaxation of the residual stresses at the surface. This clearly implies that, in addition to residual stresses, near-surface microstructures, which in Ti-6Al-4V consist of ultrafine near-surface nanostructures, play a critical role in the enhancement of fatigue lifetimes by mechanical surface treatments.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FrikelQuinto, author = {Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and Quinto, Eric Todd}, title = {Artifacts in limited view tomography}, series = {Oberwolfach Reports}, volume = {11}, booktitle = {Oberwolfach Reports}, number = {3}, editor = {Burger, Martin and Quinto, Eric Todd and Louis, Alfred K.}, doi = {10.4171/OWR/2014/37}, pages = {2047 -- 2114}, language = {en} } @incollection{Ortner, author = {Ortner, Martina}, title = {Heimatliebe, Nationalstolz und Rassismus - Einzelmeinung oder Trend?}, series = {Ungleichwertigkeitsideologien in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft}, booktitle = {Ungleichwertigkeitsideologien in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft}, editor = {Kemal, Bozay and Borstel, Dierk}, edition = {1. Aufl.}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-658-14245-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-14245-2_15}, pages = {235 -- 259}, abstract = {Spricht hierzulande jemand von „Rechtsextremismus" werden damit {\"u}blicherweise Einstellungsmuster und Verhaltensweisen von Deutschen assoziiert. Wenig Beachtung findet bislang, wie verbreitet entsprechende Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen bei Migrant_innen sind und ob das Beobachtete mit der Zuschreibung „Rechtsextremismus" treffend benannt ist. Die Fachinformationsstelle Rechtsextremismus in M{\"u}nchen (firm) wollte einen Beitrag zur Kl{\"a}rung liefern und f{\"u}hrte von 2009 bis 2013 ein Projekt dazu durch.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BaumannBussAttereretal., author = {Baumann, Timo and Buß, Okko and Atterer, Michaela and Schlangen, David}, title = {Evaluating the Potential Utility of ASR N-Best Lists for Incremental Spoken Dialogue Systems}, series = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 : speech and intelligence ; 6 - 10 September, 2009, Brighton, UK}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 : speech and intelligence ; 6 - 10 September, 2009, Brighton, UK}, publisher = {ISCA}, address = {Brighton, UK}, doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2009-318}, pages = {1031 -- 1034}, abstract = {The potential of using ASR n-best lists for dialogue systems has often been recognised (if less often realised): it is often the case that even when the top-ranked hypothesis is erroneous, a bet- ter one can be found at a lower rank. In this paper, we describe metrics for evaluating whether the same potential carries over to incremental dialogue systems, where ASR output is consumed and reacted upon while speech is still ongoing. We show that even small N can provide an advantage for semantic process- ing, at a cost of a computational overhead.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HoellerQuirtZeitleretal., author = {H{\"o}ller, Christoph and Quirt, David and Zeitler, Berndt and Sabourin, Ivan}, title = {Apparent sound insulation in cold-formed steel-framed buildings}, series = {24th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV 24), 23-27 July 2017, London, UK}, booktitle = {24th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV 24), 23-27 July 2017, London, UK}, publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc}, language = {en} } @article{StichelRathsLaumeretal., author = {Stichel, T. and Raths, Max and Laumer, Tobias and Roth, Stephan}, title = {Multi-Material Deposition of Polymer Powders with Vibrating Nozzles for a New Approach of Laser Sintering}, series = {Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering (JLMN)}, volume = {13}, journal = {Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering (JLMN)}, number = {2}, publisher = {JLPS-Japan Laser Processing Society}, doi = {10.2961/jlmn.2018.02.0002}, pages = {55 -- 62}, abstract = {Conventional Selective Laser Sintering of polymers is restricted to the processing of single materials. The fabrication of components consisting of different material regions is a challenge which cannot be realized by standard coating devices basing on blades or rollers. Thus, advanced coating and deposition techniques are needed which enable the precise and reliable control over very small powder quantities in order to prepare arbitrary powder patterns with high accuracy and repeatability. In this report, the delivery of polymer powder by vibrating nozzles inside laser sintering machines is investigated. Therefore, a steel nozzle attached to a piezo actuator is integrated into a machine, whereas the nozzle itself features internal channels which allow the precise control over the powder temperature using heat transfer oil. The setup is used to study the influence of different system configurations on the powder deposition characteristics as resolution and layer surface roughness. The results show that temperature influences the mass flow depending on the material used and that a precise deposition of powder pattern with microscale resolution is possible with optimized parameters. Finally, the multimaterial powder pattern is fused by a new illumination strategy of laser sintering which is called Simultaneous Intensity-Selective Laser Sintering in order to demonstrate the potential of this new approach.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LaumerStichelSachsetal., author = {Laumer, Tobias and Stichel, T. and Sachs, Marius and Amend, Philipp and Schmidt, Michael}, title = {Qualification and modification of new polymer powders for laser beam melting using Ulbricht spheres}, series = {High value manufacturing : Advanced research in virtual and rapid prototyping ; Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Advanced Research and Rapid Prototyping, Leiraia, Portugal, 1-5 October, 2013}, booktitle = {High value manufacturing : Advanced research in virtual and rapid prototyping ; Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Advanced Research and Rapid Prototyping, Leiraia, Portugal, 1-5 October, 2013}, editor = {B{\´a}rtolo, Paulo}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton}, isbn = {978-1-138-00137-4}, pages = {255 -- 260}, abstract = {The restricted amount of available materials for Laser Beam Melting (LBM) of polymers is one of the main limitations for expanding the technology. Current qualification methods deal with problems like inadequate powder flowability or high part porosities among others but do not offer a detailed analysis of the important beam-matter-interaction between powder particles and electro-magnetic laser radiation. In this paper, polyethylene powder is qualified for the LBM process and specifically analyzed regarding the optical material properties of the powder for a wavelength of 10.6 μm. By admixing graphite as absorption intensifier the change of the optical material properties and the thereby connected processing parameters are analyzed. Furthermore an explanation approach is given to explain the relation between different transmittances of different powder particles and the optical material properties of the polymer powders.}, language = {en} } @article{KrenzerHanischBlicharskiSchneideretal., author = {Krenzer, Boris and Hanisch-Blicharski, Anja and Schneider, Paul and Payer, Thomas and M{\"o}llenbeck, Simone and Osmani, O. and Kammler, Martin and Meyer, R. and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael}, title = {Phonon confinement effects in ultrathin epitaxial bismuth films on silicon studied by time-resolved electron diffraction}, series = {Physical Review B}, volume = {80}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {2}, publisher = {APS}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.80.024307}, abstract = {The transient temperature evolution of ultrathin bismuth films, epitaxially grown on a silicon single crystal, upon femtosecond laser excitation is studied by time-resolved electron diffraction. The exponential decay of the film temperature is explained by phonon reflection at the interface, which results in a strongly reduced thermal conduction in the cross plane of the layered system. The thermal boundary conductance is found to be as low as 1273 W/(K cm2). Model calculations, including phonon confinement effects, explain the linear relationship between the observed film-temperature decay constant and the film thickness. Even for 2.5 nm thin films the phonon transmission probability across the interface is given by bulk properties. Our simulations show that phonon confinement effects are negligible for bismuth-film thicknesses larger than 1 nm.}, language = {en} } @article{KleinNabbefeldHattabetal., author = {Klein, C. and Nabbefeld, T. and Hattab, H. and Meyer, D. and Jnawali, G. and Kammler, Martin and Meyer zu Heringdorf, Frank-Joachim and Golla-Franz, A. and M{\"u}ller, B. H. and Schmidt, Thomas and Henzler, M. and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael}, title = {Lost in reciprocal space? Determination of the scattering condition in spot profile analysis low-energy electron diffraction}, series = {Review of scientific instruments}, volume = {82}, journal = {Review of scientific instruments}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, doi = {10.1063/1.3554305}, abstract = {The precise knowledge of the diffraction condition, i.e., the angle of incidence and electron energy, is crucial for the study of surface morphology through spot profile analysis low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). We demonstrate four different procedures to determine the diffraction condition: employing the distortion of the LEED pattern under large angles of incidence, the layer-by-layer growth oscillations during homoepitaxial growth, a G(S) analysis of a rough surface, and the intersection of facet rods with 3D Bragg conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtKroegerClausenetal., author = {Schmidt, Thomas and Kr{\"o}ger, Roland and Clausen, T. and Falta, J. and Janzen, Andreas and Kammler, Martin and Kury, P. and Zahl, P. and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael}, title = {Surfactant-mediated epitaxy of Ge on Si(111): Beyond the surface}, series = {Applied Physics Letters}, volume = {86}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, number = {11}, publisher = {AIP}, doi = {10.1063/1.1882760}, abstract = {For a characterization of interface and "bulk" properties of Ge films grown on Si(111) by Sb surfactant-mediated epitaxy, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy have been used. The interface roughness, defect structure, and strain state have been investigated in dependence of film thickness and growth temperature. For all growth parameters, atomically smooth interfaces are observed. For thin Ge layers, about 75\% of the strain induced by the lattice mismatch is relaxed by misfit dislocations at the Ge/Si interface. Only a slight increase of the degree of relaxation is found for thicker films. At growth temperatures below about 600 °C, the formation of twins is observed, which can be avoided at higher temperatures.}, language = {en} } @article{FriggeWallKrenzeretal., author = {Frigge, Tim and Wall, S. and Krenzer, Boris and Wippermann, St. and Sanna, Simone and Klasing, Friedrich and Hanisch-Blicharski, Anja and Kammler, Martin and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael}, title = {Abstract - A Reply to the Comment by H. Shim et al.}, series = {Physical review letters}, volume = {111}, journal = {Physical review letters}, number = {14}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.149602}, language = {en} } @article{CheeKammlerGrahametal., author = {Chee, See Wee and Kammler, Martin and Graham, Jeremy and Ross, Frances M. and Hull, Robert}, title = {Direct Imaging of Microstructural Changes in Si Induced by FIB-Patterning with Si ++ and Ga + Ions}, series = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, volume = {17}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, number = {S2}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, doi = {10.1017/S1431927611004156}, pages = {656 -- 657}, language = {en} } @misc{SchliermannSaad, author = {Schliermann, Rainer and Saad, Amr Mohamed Roushdy}, title = {Evaluation einer von Trainern durchgef{\"u}hrten psychologischen Intervention am Beispiel der Sportart Rollstuhlbasketball}, series = {Sport vereinT : Psychologie und Bewegung in Gesellschaft ; 43. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie (asp) vom 2.-4. Juni 2011 in K{\"o}ln ; Abstractband}, journal = {Sport vereinT : Psychologie und Bewegung in Gesellschaft ; 43. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie (asp) vom 2.-4. Juni 2011 in K{\"o}ln ; Abstractband}, editor = {Ohlert, Jeannine and Kleinert, Jens}, publisher = {Feldhaus, Edition Czwalina}, address = {Hamburg}, isbn = {978-3-88020-566-6}, pages = {181}, subject = {Vereinssport}, language = {de} } @article{ScheidtNaveRichterFuchsetal., author = {Scheidt-Nave, Christa and Richter, Stefanie and Fuchs, Judith and Kuhlmey, Adelheid}, title = {Herausforderungen an die Gesundheitsforschung f{\"u}r eine alternde Gesellschaft am Beispiel "Multimorbidit{\"a}t"}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {53}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, issn = {1437-1588}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-010-1052-9}, pages = {441 -- 450}, abstract = {Indem ein wachsender Anteil der Bev{\"o}lkerung ein hohes Alter erreicht, {\"a}ndern sich Krankheitsspektrum und Versorgungsbedarf. Besondere Herausforderungen f{\"u}r das Gesundheitssystem ergeben sich durch Mehrfacherkrankung (Multimorbidit{\"a}t) {\"a}lterer Menschen. Im Gegensatz zu krankheitsspezifischen Endpunkten treten Funktion im Alltag und subjektive Ergebnisdimensionen wie selbstbestimmte Lebensf{\"u}hrung (Autonomie), soziale Teilhabe und Lebensqualit{\"a}t als Pr{\"a}ventions- und Behandlungsziel in den Vordergrund. Die Gesundheitsforschung hat die Aufgabe, auf die Bed{\"u}rfnisse spezifischer Zielgruppen alter Menschen abgestimmte Pr{\"a}ventions- und Versorgungsmodelle zu entwickeln. Entscheidend dabei ist die St{\"a}rkung von personalen, sozialen und organisatorischen Ressourcen. Voraussetzung hierf{\"u}r sind genaue Kenntnisse zur Entwicklung und zum Verlauf des Krankheitsgeschehens und zu zentralen Einflussfaktoren auf der Grundlage epidemiologischer Beobachtungsstudien. Gezielte Maßnahmen sind in Interventions- und Evaluationsstudien auf Wirksamkeit, Wirkung und Wirtschaftlichkeit zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen. Der vom Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) initiierte F{\"o}rderungsschwerpunkt „Gesundheit im Alter" f{\"o}rdert insgesamt sechs Forschungsverb{\"u}nde zum Thema Multimorbidit{\"a}t, die hier kurz vorgestellt werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BaumannAttererSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Atterer, Michaela and Schlangen, David}, title = {Assessing and Improving the Performance of Speech Recognition for Incremental Systems}, series = {NAACL '09: Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, May 31 - June 5, 2009, Boulder, Colorado, USA}, booktitle = {NAACL '09: Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, May 31 - June 5, 2009, Boulder, Colorado, USA}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, isbn = {978-1-932432-41-1}, pages = {380 -- 388}, abstract = {In incremental spoken dialogue systems, par- tial hypotheses about what was said are re- quired even while the utterance is still ongo- ing. We define measures for evaluating the quality of incremental ASR components with respect to the relative correctness of the par- tial hypotheses compared to hypotheses that can optimize over the complete input, the tim- ingof hypothesisformationrelative to the por- tion ofthe inputthey areabout, andhypothesis stability, defined as the number of times they are revised. We show that simple incremen- tal post-processing can improve stability dra- matically, at the cost of timeliness (from 90\% of edits of hypotheses being spurious down to 10\% at a lag of 320ms). The measures are not independent,and we show how system de- signers can find a desired operating point for their ASR. To our knowledge, we are the first to suggest and examine a variety of measures for assessing incremental ASR and improve performance on this basis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannBussSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Buß, Okko and Schlangen, David}, title = {InproTK in Action: Open-Source Software for Building German-Speaking Incremental Spoken Dialogue Systems}, series = {Electronic speech signal processing 2010 : proceedings of the 21st conference, Berlin, 8 - 10 September 2010}, booktitle = {Electronic speech signal processing 2010 : proceedings of the 21st conference, Berlin, 8 - 10 September 2010}, publisher = {TUDpress}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, pages = {204 -- 211}, abstract = {We present INPROTK, a toolkit for building incremental spoken dia-logue systems. Incremental spoken dialogue systems (systems that may react whilethe user's utterance is ongoing) are a fairly recent research topic and allow for ex-citing new features. Even though toolkits exist that help in building conventionaldialogue systems, INPROTK offers both a tested architecture for building incre-mental SDSs as well as many of the building blocks necessary when building suchsystems. With INPROTK a researcher can avoid many of the technical difficulties,which hopefully further fosters research in this area.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AttererBaumannSchlangen, author = {Atterer, Michaela and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {No Sooner Said Than Done: Testing the Incrementality of Semantic Interpretations of Spontaneous Speech}, series = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 : 6 - 10 September 2009, Brighton, U.K.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 : 6 - 10 September 2009, Brighton, U.K.}, publisher = {International Speech Communication Association}, address = {Brighton, UK}, doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2009-539}, pages = {1855 -- 1858}, abstract = {Ideally, a spoken dialogue system should react without much delay to a user's utterance. Such a system would already select an object, for instance, before the user has finished her utterance about moving this particular object to a particular place. A prerequisite for such a prompt reaction is that semantic representations are built up on the fly and passed on to other modules. Few approaches to incremental semantics construction exist, and, to our knowledge, none of those has been systematically tested on a spontaneous speech corpus. In this paper, we develop measures to test empirically on transcribed spontaneous speech to what extent we can create semantic interpretation on the fly with an incremental semantic chunker that builds a frame semantics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Predicting the Micro-Timing of User Input for an Incremental Spoken Dialogue System that Completes a User's Ongoing Turn}, series = {SIGDIAL 2011 Conference, 12th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Co-located with ACL HLT 2011, Portland, Oregon, 17 - 18 June 2011}, booktitle = {SIGDIAL 2011 Conference, 12th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Co-located with ACL HLT 2011, Portland, Oregon, 17 - 18 June 2011}, publisher = {Curran}, address = {Red Hook, NY}, isbn = {978-1-61839-242-8}, pages = {120 -- 129}, abstract = {We present the novel task of predicting tem-poral features of continuations of user input,while that input is still ongoing. We show that the remaining duration of an ongoing word, aswell as the duration of the next can be predicted reasonably well, and we put this information touse in a system that synchronously completesa user's speech. While we focus on collaborative completions, the techniques presented here may also be useful for the alignment of back-channels and immediate turn-taking in anincremental SDS, or to synchronously monitorthe user's speech fluency for other reasons.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuschmeierBaumannDorschetal., author = {Buschmeier, Hendrik and Baumann, Timo and Dorsch, Benjamin and Kopp, Stefan and Schlangen, David}, title = {Combining Incremental Language Generation and Incremental Speech Synthesis for Adaptive Information Presentation}, series = {SIGDIAL '12: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Seoul, South Korea, July 5 - 6, 2012}, booktitle = {SIGDIAL '12: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Seoul, South Korea, July 5 - 6, 2012}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, doi = {10.5555/2392800.2392852}, pages = {295 -- 303}, abstract = {Participants in a conversation are normally receptive to their surroundings and their interlocutors, even while they are speaking and can, if necessary, adapt their ongoing utterance. Typical dialogue systems are not receptive and cannot adapt while uttering. We present combin-able components for incremental natural lan-guage generation and incremental speech syn-thesis and demonstrate the flexibility they can achieve with an example system that adapts to a listener's acoustic understanding problems by pausing, repeating and possibly rephrasing problematic parts of an utterance. In an evaluation, this system was rated as significantly more natural than two systems representing the current state of the art that either ignore the interrupting event or just pause; it also has a lower response time.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HeintzeBaumannSchlangen, author = {Heintze, Silvan and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Comparing Local and Sequential Models for Statistical Incremental Natural Language Understanding}, series = {SIGDIAL '10: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Tokyo, Japan,September 24 - 25, 2010}, booktitle = {SIGDIAL '10: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Tokyo, Japan,September 24 - 25, 2010}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {Tokyo, Japan}, isbn = {978-1-932432-85-5}, doi = {10.5555/1944506.1944508}, abstract = {Incremental natural language understanding is the task of assigning semantic representations to successively larger prefixes of utterances. We compare two types of statistical models for this task: a) local models, which predict a single class for an input; and b), sequential models, which align a sequence of classes to a sequence of input tokens. We show that, with some modifications, the first type of model can be improved and made to approximate the output of the second, even though the latter is more informative. We show on two different data sets that both types of model achieve comparable performance (significantly better than a baseline), with the first type requiring simpler training data. Results for the first type of model have been reported in the literature; we show that for our kind of data our more sophisticated variant of the model performs better.}, language = {en} } @article{BaumannBussSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Buß, Okko and Schlangen, David}, title = {Evaluation and Optimisation of Incremental Processors}, series = {Dialogue \& Discourse}, volume = {2}, journal = {Dialogue \& Discourse}, number = {1}, publisher = {OJS}, doi = {10.5087/dad.2011.106}, pages = {113 -- 141}, abstract = {Incremental spoken dialogue systems, which process user input as it unfolds, pose additionalengineering challenges compared to more standard non-incremental systems: Their processingcomponents must be able to accept partial, and possibly subsequently revised input, and mustproduce output that is at the same time as accurate as possible and delivered with as little delay aspossible. In this article, we define metrics that measure how well a given processor meets thesechallenges, and we identify types of gold standards for evaluation. We exemplify these metrics inthe evaluation of several incremental processors that we have developed. We also present genericmeans to optimise some of the measures, if certain trade-offs are accepted. We believe that thiswork will help enable principled comparison of components for incremental dialogue systems andportability of results.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Interactional Adequacy as a Factor in the Perception of Synthesized Speech}, series = {Proceedings of Speech Synthesis Workshop (SSW8)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Speech Synthesis Workshop (SSW8)}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, abstract = {Speaking as part of a conversation is different from reading out aloud. Speech synthesis systems, however, are typically developed using assumptions (at least implicitly) that are more true of the latter than the former situation. We address one particular aspect, which is the assumption that a fully formulated sentence is available for synthesis. We have built a system that does not make this assumption but rather can synthesize speech given incrementally extended input. In an evaluation experiment, we found that in a dynamic domain where what is talked about changes quickly, subjects rated the output of this system as more 'naturally pronounced' than that of a baseline system that employed standard synthesis, despite the synthesis quality objectively being degraded. Our results highlight the importance of considering a synthesizer's ability to support interactive use-cases when determining the adequacy of synthesized speech.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Open-ended, Extensible System Utterances Are Preferred, Even If They Require Filled Pauses}, series = {14th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL 2013) : Metz, France, 22 - 24 August 2013}, booktitle = {14th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL 2013) : Metz, France, 22 - 24 August 2013}, publisher = {Curran}, address = {Red Hook, NY}, pages = {280 -- 283}, abstract = {In many environments (e. g. sports commentary), situations incrementally unfold over time and often the future appearance of a relevant event can be predicted, but not in all its details or precise timing. We have built a simulation framework that uses our incremental speech synthesis component to assemble in a timely manner complex commentary utterances. In our evaluation, the resulting output is preferred over that from a baseline system that uses a simpler commenting strategy. Even in cases where the incremental system overcommits temporally and requires a filled pause to wait for the upcoming event, the system is preferred over the baseline.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AttererBaumannSchlangen, author = {Atterer, Michaela and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Towards Incremental End-of-Utterance Detection in Dialogue Systems}, series = {COLING '08: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Manchester United Kingdom August 18 - 22, 2008}, booktitle = {COLING '08: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Manchester United Kingdom August 18 - 22, 2008}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, isbn = {978-1-905593-44-6}, pages = {11 -- 14}, abstract = {We define the task of incremental or 0-lag utterance segmentation, that is, the task of segmenting an ongoing speech recognition stream into utterance units, and present first results. We use a combination of hidden event language model, features from an incremental parser, and acoustic / prosodic features to train classifiers on real-world conversational data (from the Switchboard corpus). The best classifiers reach an F-score of around 56\%, improving over baseline and related work.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Evaluating Prosodic Processing for Incremental Speech Synthesis}, series = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2012}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2012}, publisher = {International Speech Communication Association}, doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2012-152}, pages = {438 -- 441}, abstract = {Incremental speech synthesis (iSS) accepts input and produces output in consecutive chunks that only together result in a full utterance. Systems that use iSS thus have the ability to adapt their utterances while they are ongoing. Having available less than the full utterance to plan the acoustic realisation has downsides, however, as global optimisation is not possible anymore. In this paper we present a strategy for incrementalizing the symbolic pre-processing component of speech synthesis and assess the influence of a reduction in "lookahead", i. e. in knowledge about the rest of the utterance, on prosodic quality. We found that high quality incremental output can be achieved even with a lookahead of slightly less than one phrase, allowing for timely system reaction.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Inpro_iSS: A Component for Just-In-Time Incremental Speech Synthesis}, series = {The 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - proceedings of the System Demonstrations, April 23 - 27 2012, Avignon France}, booktitle = {The 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - proceedings of the System Demonstrations, April 23 - 27 2012, Avignon France}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)}, abstract = {We present a component for incremental speech synthesis (iSS) and a set of applications that demonstrate its capabilities. This component can be used to increase the responsivity and naturalness of spoken interactive systems. While iSS can show its full strength in systems that generate output incrementally, we also discuss how even otherwise unchanged systems may profit from its capabilities.}, language = {en} } @article{ScheidtNaveRichterFuchsetal., author = {Scheidt-Nave, Christa and Richter, Stefanie and Fuchs, Judith and Kuhlmey, Adelheid}, title = {Challenges to health research for aging populations using the example of "multimorbidity"}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {53}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-010-1052-9}, pages = {441 -- 450}, abstract = {Patterns of morbidity and health care needs are changing as the proportion of the population reaching old age increases. A particular challenge to the health care system results from coexisting health problems (multimorbidity) among the elderly. Regarding prevention and treatment goals, the focus needs to shift from disease-specific outcomes to function in daily life and subjective outcome dimensions, such as self-determination (autonomy), social participation, and quality of life. Health research faces the task of developing prevention and health care models adapted to the needs of specific subgroups of older people. Strengthening personal, social, and organizational resources is crucial. This requires precise knowledge about the development, course, and main determinants of disease processes based on observational epidemiological studies. Strategies need to be tested in intervention and evaluation studies with respect to efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency. A targeted research funding program "Health in older age" was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and is currently funding six multimorbidity research consortia, which are briefly presented here.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PeldszusBussBaumannetal., author = {Peldszus, Andreas and Buß, Okko and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Joint Satisfaction of Syntactic and Pragmatic Constraints Improves Incremental Spoken Language Understanding}, series = {EACL 2012 Joint Workshop of LINGVIS \& UNCLH, Visualization of Linguistic Patterns and Uncovering Language History from Multilingual Resources, Proceedings of the Workshop, April 23 - 24 2012, Avignon France}, booktitle = {EACL 2012 Joint Workshop of LINGVIS \& UNCLH, Visualization of Linguistic Patterns and Uncovering Language History from Multilingual Resources, Proceedings of the Workshop, April 23 - 24 2012, Avignon France}, publisher = {The Association for Computational Linguistics}, isbn = {978-1-937284-19-0}, pages = {514 -- 523}, abstract = {We present a model of semantic processing of spoken language that (a) is robust against ill-formed input, such as can be expected from automatic speech recognisers, (b) respects both syntactic and pragmatic constraints in the computation of most likely interpretations, (c) uses a principled, expressive semantic representation formalism (RMRS) with a well-defined model theory, and (d) works continuously (producing meaning representations on a word-by-word basis, rather than only for full utterances) and incrementally (computing only the additional contribution by the new word, rather than re-computing for the whole utterance-so-far). We show that the joint satisfaction of syntactic and pragmatic constraints improves the performance of the NLU component (around 10 \% absolute, over a syntax-only baseline).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BussBaumannSchlangen, author = {Buß, Okko and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Collaborating on Utterances with a Spoken Dialogue System Using an ISU-based Approach to Incremental Dialogue Management}, series = {SIGDIAL 10, Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Tokyo Japan September 24 - 25, 2010}, booktitle = {SIGDIAL 10, Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Tokyo Japan September 24 - 25, 2010}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {Tokyo, Japan}, isbn = {978-1-932432-85-5}, abstract = {When dialogue systems, through theuse of incremental processing, arenot bounded anymore by strict, non-overlapping turn-taking, a whole range ofadditional interactional devices becomesavailable. We explore the use of one suchdevice, trial intonation. We elaborateour approach to dialogue managementin incremental systems, based on theInformation-State-Update approach, anddiscuss an implementation in a micro-domain that lends itself to the use ofimmediate feedback, trial intonations andexpansions. In an overhearer evaluation,the incremental system was judged as sig-nificantly more human-like and reactivethan a non-incremental version.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchlangenBaumannAtterer, author = {Schlangen, David and Baumann, Timo and Atterer, Michaela}, title = {Incremental Reference Resolution: The Task, Metrics for Evaluation, and a Bayesian Filtering Model that is Sensitive to Disfluencies}, series = {Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, September 11 - 12, 2009, London United Kingdom}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, September 11 - 12, 2009, London United Kingdom}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {London, UK}, pages = {30 -- 37}, abstract = {In this paper we do two things: a) we discuss in general terms the task of incre mental reference resolution (IRR), in particular resolution of exophoric reference, and specify metrics for measuring the performance of dialogue system components tackling this task, and b) we present a simple Bayesian filtering model of IRR that performs reasonably well just using words directly (no structure information and no hand-coded semantics): it picks the right referent out of 12 for around 50 \% of real world dialogue utterances in our test corpus. It is also able to learn to interpret not only words but also hesitations, just as humans have shown to do in similar situations, namely as markers of references tohard-to-describe entities.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchlangenBaumannBuschmeieretal., author = {Schlangen, David and Baumann, Timo and Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buß, Okko and Kopp, Stefan and Skantze, Gabriel and Yaghoubzadeh, Ramin}, title = {Middleware for Incremental Processing in Conversational Agents}, series = {Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SigDial 2010), September 24 - 25, 2010, Tokyo Japan}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SigDial 2010), September 24 - 25, 2010, Tokyo Japan}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {Tokyo, Japan}, pages = {51 -- 54}, abstract = {We describe work done at three sites on designing conversational agents capable of incremental processing. We focus on the ‘middleware’ layer in these systems, which takes care of passing around and maintaining incremental information between the modules of such agents. All implementations are based on the abstract model of incremental dialogue processing proposed by Schlangen and Skantze (2009), and the paper shows what different instantiations of the model can look like given specific requirements and application areas.}, language = {en} } @incollection{vanWelbergenBaumannSchlangenetal., author = {van Welbergen, Herwin and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David and Kopp, Stefan}, title = {Incremental, Adaptive and Interruptive Speech Realization for Fluent Conversation with ECAs}, series = {Intelligent Virtual Agents}, booktitle = {Intelligent Virtual Agents}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-642-40414-6}, pages = {468 -- 469}, abstract = {This project aimed to establish the feasibility of creating a procedural system for generating expressive facial animation based on an affective agent. A procedural system supporting a limited number of emotional expression changes was created alongside keyframed animations of these same emotional expression changes, and audience response to these two approaches was tested empirically. Results seem to partially support the procedural animations generated being comparable with keyframed, in terms of perceptual validity.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{vonderMalsburgBaumannSchlangen, author = {von der Malsburg, Titus and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {TELIDA: A Package for Manipulation and Visualisation of Timed Linguistic Data}, series = {Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, September 11 - 12, 2009, London United Kingdom}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, September 11 - 12, 2009, London United Kingdom}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {London, UK}, doi = {10.5555/1708376.1708419}, pages = {302 -- 305}, abstract = {We present a toolkit for manipulating andvisualising time-aligned linguistic datasuch as dialogue transcripts or languageprocessing data. The package comple-ments existing editing tools by allowingfor conversion between their formats, in-formation extraction from the raw files,and by adding sophisticated, and easily ex-tended methods for visualising the dynam-ics of dialogue processing. To illustratethe versatility of the package, we describeits use in three different projects at our site.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{SchrammPieperVogl, author = {Schramm, Simon and Pieper, Matthias and Vogl, Stefanie}, title = {Orthogonal Procrustes Based Anomaly Detection and Error Prediction for Vehicle Bills of Materials}, series = {SSRN}, journal = {SSRN}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4120321}, pages = {21 S.}, abstract = {Industrial Bill of Materials (BOM) suffer from an surging complexity and cause errors in production which have detrimental effects on a product's profitability. Currently, BOM anomalies have to be identified manually and errors have to be detected in the same way. This preprint describes a combination of data analysis and Machine Learning methods, such as hierarchical and agglomerative clustering, an isolation forest algorithm, association mining and a multi-output Artificial Neural Network, all based on a deterministic distance measure for an industrial BOMs. Solving the orthogonal Procrustes problem for complex, multi-level matrices, a distance measure for real world industrial BOMs was derived. A multi-output MLP was used in order to predict error probabilities with a time- reference. Our results show how to detect anomalies and predict errors in a complex, multi-level BOM based on historical, labelled data. While other authors focus on the mere comparison of BOMs, we aimed at a holistic approach, combining descriptive and predictive methods in order to forecast where in a BOM and at what time of BOM creation process errors occur. The resulting, prescriptive system was tested using real world data and has shown to effectively predict where and when BOM errors are probable to occur. Consequently, the prescriptive system is superior to prior, purely predictive systems, can help to decrease errors and thereby decreases product development time and cost in real world companies.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KrenkelWagnerWolfetal., author = {Krenkel, Lars and Wagner, Claus and Wolf, Ursula and Scholz, Alexander-Wigbert K. and Terekhov, Maxim and Rivoire, Julien and Schreiber, W.}, title = {Protective Artificial Lung Ventilation: Impact of an Endotracheal Tube on the Flow in a Generic Trachea}, series = {New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics VII : Contributions to the 16th STAB/DGLR Symposium Aachen, Germany 2008}, booktitle = {New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics VII : Contributions to the 16th STAB/DGLR Symposium Aachen, Germany 2008}, editor = {Hirschel, Ernst Heinrich and Schr{\"o}der, Wolfgang and Fujii, Kozo and Haase, Werner and Leer, Bram and Leschziner, Michael A. and Pandolfi, Maurizio and Periaux, Jacques and Rizzi, Arthur and Roux, Bernard and Shokin, Yurii I. and Dillmann, Andreas and Heller, Gerd and Klaas, Michael and Kreplin, Hans-Peter and Nitsche, Wolfgang}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-642-14242-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-14243-7_62}, pages = {505 -- 512}, abstract = {Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental investigations on a generic model of the trachea have been carried out focusing on the impact of an endotracheal tube (ETT) on the resulting flow regime. It could be shown that detailed modelling of the airway management devices is essential for proper flow prediction, but secondary details as Murphy Eyes can be neglected. Models with bending and connector promote the formation of stronger secondary flows and disturbances which persist for a longer time.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RillSchaefferSchuderer, author = {Rill, Georg and Schaeffer, Thomas and Schuderer, Matthias}, title = {LuGre or not LuGre}, doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-2266522/v1}, abstract = {The LuGre model is widely used in the analysis and control of systems with friction. Recently, it has even been made available in the commercial multibody dynamics simulation software system Adams. However, the LuGre model exhibits well-known drawbacks like, too low and force rate dependent break-away forces, drift problems during sticking periods, and significant differences in non-stationary situations between the pre-defined friction law and the one produced by the LuGre model. In the present literature, these problems are supposed to come from the model dynamics or its nonlinear nature. However, most of these drawbacks are not simple side effects of a dynamic friction model but are caused in the LuGre approach, as shown here, by a too simple and inconsistent model of the bristle dynamics. Standard examples and a more practical application demonstrate, that the LuGre model is not a "what you see is what you get" approach. A dynamic friction model with accurate bristle dynamics and consistent friction force is set up here. It provides insight into the physical basis of the LuGre model dynamics. However, it results in a nonlinear and implicit differential equation, whose solution will not be easy because of the ambiguity of the friction characteristics. The standard workaround, a static model based on a simple regularized characteristics, produces reliable and generally satisfactory results, but definitely cannot maintain stick. The paper presents a second order dynamic friction model, which may serve as an alternative. It can maintain stick and produces realistic and reliable results.}, language = {en} } @misc{FriedrichRivoireScholzetal., author = {Friedrich, Janet and Rivoire, Julien and Scholz, Alexander-Wigbert K. and Wiegbert, and Terekov, Maxim and Kbrich, Rainer and Krenkel, Lars and Wagner, Claus and Schreiber, Laura Maria}, title = {Exploration of Gas Flow During High Frequency Oscillated Ventilation by 19F-Gas-MRI}, series = {Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, volume = {18}, journal = {Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, abstract = {To detect convective gas flow inside the large airways during high frequency oscillated ventilation (HFOV) the fluorinated contrast gas Heptafluoropropane was used for 19F-MRI. In a first study the comparison between constant flow measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations provided a good agreement. In a following experiment oscillated flow was applied to a lung phantom consisting of ventilation bag and long pipe. The pressure wave inside the pipe was explored point-by-point and corresponding velocities were determined. With these experiments it could be shown for the first time that flow measurement during HFOV using fluorinated contrast gas is feasible.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RillSchuderer, author = {Rill, Georg and Schuderer, Matthias}, title = {A Second Order Dynamic Friction Model Compared to Commercial Stick-Slip Models}, doi = {10.20944/preprints202306.1233.v1}, abstract = {Friction has long been an important issue in multibody dynamics. Static friction models apply appropriate regularization techniques to convert the stick inequality and the non-smooth stick-slip transition of Coulomb's approach into a continuous and smooth function of the sliding velocity. However, a regularized friction force is not able to maintain long-term stick. That is why, dynamic friction models were developed in the last decades. The friction force depends herein not only on the sliding velocity but also on internal states. The probably best known representative, the LuGre friction model, is based on a fictitious bristle but realizes a too simple approximation. The recently published second order dynamic friction model describes the dynamics of a fictitious bristle more accurately. Its performance is compared here to stick-slip friction models, developed and launched not long ago by commercial multibody software packages.}, language = {en} } @article{SchreinerWiedmannCoenningetal., author = {Schreiner, Rupert and Wiedmann, J. and Coenning, W. and Porsche, J. and Gentner, Jean-Louis and Berroth, Manfred and Scholz, Ferdinand and Schweizer, H.}, title = {Fabrication approach for antiphase narrow linewidth complex coupled 1.55 μm DFB lasers}, series = {Electronics Letters}, volume = {35}, journal = {Electronics Letters}, number = {2}, publisher = {The Institution of Engineering and Technology IET}, issn = {0013-5194}, doi = {10.1049/el:19990132}, pages = {146 -- 148}, abstract = {A new method for fabricating narrow linewidth antiphase complex coupled MQW DFB lasers by periodically etching the active layer and quartemary InGaAsP overgrowth is reported. The minimum linewidth for a 375 µm long ridge waveguide laser is only 250 kHz at an optical output power of 4 mW.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuchmannSchwaegerl, author = {Buchmann, Thomas and Schw{\"a}gerl, Felix}, title = {Ensuring well-formedness of configured domain models in model-driven product lines based on negative variability}, series = {FOSD '12: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Feature-Oriented Software Development, 24. + 25. September 2012, Dresden}, booktitle = {FOSD '12: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Feature-Oriented Software Development, 24. + 25. September 2012, Dresden}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, USA}, doi = {10.1145/2377816.2377822}, pages = {37 -- 44}, abstract = {Model-driven development is a well-known practice in modern software engineering. Many tools exist which allow developers to build software in a model-based or even model-driven way, but they do not provide dedicated support for software product line development. Only recently some approaches combined model-driven engineering and software product line engineering. In this paper we present an approach that allows for combining feature models and Ecore-based domain models and provides extensive support to keep the mapping between the involved models consistent. Our key contribution is a declarative textual language which allows to phrase domain-specific consistency constraints which are preserved during the configuration process in order to ensure context-sensitive syntactical correctness of derived domain models.}, language = {en} } @techreport{HammHuhnReschke, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Hamm, Michael and Huhn, Wolfgang and Reschke, Johannes}, title = {Ideas for next lighting generations in digitalization and autonomous driving}, series = {SAE Technical Paper Series. - WCX World Congress Experience. - APR. 10, 2018. - (SAE Technical Paper Series)}, journal = {SAE Technical Paper Series. - WCX World Congress Experience. - APR. 10, 2018. - (SAE Technical Paper Series)}, publisher = {SAE International}, address = {Warrendale, United States}, doi = {10.4271/2018-01-1038}, abstract = {Digitalization in Industry and Society is progressing quickly. Up to now, just 5 static and standard lighting applications have been dominating in the U.S. (Low/High Beam, Daytime Running Lamp Turn Indicator \& Position Lamp). The global interest in standardization of light driven messages from autonomous vehicles to other traffic participants has opened new research needs and research findings. In Europe, GTB has established a working group dedicated to this topic. The article will discuss the possible contribution of signalling and lighting functions to Digitalization and Autonomous driving by explaining the first elements of functional definition and research results.}, language = {en} } @article{ReschkeAuburgerMarichalaretal., author = {Reschke, Johannes and Auburger, Marie-Theres and Marichalar, Rebeca and Neumann, Cornelius}, title = {Communication between automated vehicles and pedestrians}, series = {ATZ worldwide}, volume = {121}, journal = {ATZ worldwide}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Wiesbaden}, doi = {10.1007/s38311-019-0098-z}, pages = {16 -- 23}, language = {en} } @techreport{KrewerSchaepersAndersenetal., author = {Krewer, Carmen and Sch{\"a}pers, Barbara and Andersen, Henning Boje and Linner, Thomas and Steinb{\"o}ck, Martina and Hu, Rongbo and Zhao, Charlie and G{\"u}ttler, J{\"o}rg and Schlandt, Marcel and Valk, Carlijn and Lu, Yuan and Kulev, Igor and Salehzadeh Niksirat, Kavous and Larsen, Rasmus Tostrup and Schrader, Lisa and Partyga, P. and Kraul, M. and Kozak, Dominika and Schwarze, A.-K. and Rusu, Alexandru and Murali, S. and Ricon, F. and Lingeg{\aa}rd, H. and v. Zanten, B. and Lovei, Peter and Visser, Thomas and Seelinger, Anja and van den Boom, Camilla and Steenbakkers, J. and Henriksen, L. and Randrinambelonoro, M. and Perrine, C.}, title = {Formalized results of final testing and optimization activities: Summarization of testing and evaluation of final testing of continuously improved system in the form of prototypes in real world environments and presentation of optimization measures.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-36195}, abstract = {Deliverable D28: Formalized results of final testing and optimization activities: Summarization of testing and evaluation of final testing of continuously improved system in the form of prototypes in real world environments and presentation of optimization measures (associated with tasks T6.5, T6.6, T6.7, T6.8). D28 is an update on D27. Additional associated deliverables are D12, D13, D23, D31, and D44. Abstract: In order to provide a comprehensive summary of all testing activities, the medical core group (DTU, HUG, SK, TUM) created a mini protocol template (which requested the outline of some methodological aspects of each study such as study designs, the recruitment phase, population under investigation, etc.), and ensured that data were submitted and provided by the trial manager to the core group. In this deliverable we present, structure, and interpret the formalized results of the final testing and optimization activities of all testing activities in REACH. The deliverable includes the summarization of testing and evaluation of final testing of a continuously improved system in the form of prototypes in real world environments and the presentation of optimization measures. The deliverable is an update on deliverable D27 and associated with tasks T6.5, T6.6, T6.7, T6.8. In reaction to the reviewers' comments we initiated additional trials focusing on practice cases. Those trials are specifically ladled and included in the updated overview. A review on factors, i.e., falling, frailty, cognitive decline , sarcopenia, social isolation, and malnutrician, was performed to show the most important cofactors. Addressed in this deliverable is also the role of privacy and the hierarchy of needs which are essential components of the acceptance and use of technology .}, language = {en} } @incollection{HeesePreger, author = {Heese, Carl and Preger, Rudolf}, title = {Die Konvergenz von neurologischer Rehabilitation und P{\"a}dagogik}, series = {Alltag wieder lernen : Berichte vom 7. Symposium der Neurochirurgischen und Neurologischen Fachklinik Kipfenberg. - (Eichst{\"a}tter sozialp{\"a}dagogische Arbeiten ; 9)}, booktitle = {Alltag wieder lernen : Berichte vom 7. Symposium der Neurochirurgischen und Neurologischen Fachklinik Kipfenberg. - (Eichst{\"a}tter sozialp{\"a}dagogische Arbeiten ; 9)}, editor = {Preger, Rudolf}, publisher = {BPB-Verl. diritto-Publikationen}, address = {Eichst{\"a}tt}, isbn = {978-3927728462}, pages = {65 -- 71}, language = {de} } @incollection{Scheffler, author = {Scheffler, Gabriele}, title = {Finanzielle Unterst{\"u}tzung f{\"u}r Alleinerziehende}, series = {Knaurs Handbuch Familie : Alles was Eltern wissen m{\"u}ssen}, booktitle = {Knaurs Handbuch Familie : Alles was Eltern wissen m{\"u}ssen}, editor = {Fthenakis, Wassilios E. and Textor, Martin R.}, publisher = {Droemer Knaur}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-426-66940-2}, pages = {482 -- 485}, language = {de} } @techreport{SeelingerVogtLinneretal., author = {Seelinger, Anja and Vogt, L. and Linner, Thomas and G{\"u}ttler, J{\"o}rg and Hu, Rongbo and Schlandt, Marcel and Zhao, Charlie and Sch{\"a}pers, Barbara and Andersen, Henning Boje and Brombacher, A. and Lu, Yuan}, title = {Standardization activities}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-36227}, abstract = {REACH has the ambition to influence and gain from standardization on national, European, and international level. We aim to create synergies between parallel work on these levels that will finally make a beneficial impact. Systematic parallel and synergeti cwork on these levels allow REACH to create a maximized impact for all involved stakeholders, and in particular, create better health and health care "ecosystems" for potential REACH end users.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Die andere Seite der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit}, series = {Philosophische Perspektiven. Beitr{\"a}ge zum VII. {\"O}sterreichischen Kongress f{\"u}r Philosophie}, booktitle = {Philosophische Perspektiven. Beitr{\"a}ge zum VII. {\"O}sterreichischen Kongress f{\"u}r Philosophie}, editor = {Neumaier, O. and Sedmak, Clemens and Zichy, M.}, publisher = {Ontos}, address = {Lancaster}, pages = {5}, language = {de} } @article{SchliermannKleinSchulze, author = {Schliermann, Rainer and Klein, Petra and Schulze, Annette}, title = {Deaflympischer Sport - die unbekannte Sportbewegung}, series = {Leistungssport : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die Fortbildung von Trainern, {\"U}bungsleitern und Sportlehrern}, volume = {46}, journal = {Leistungssport : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die Fortbildung von Trainern, {\"U}bungsleitern und Sportlehrern}, number = {4}, publisher = {Philippka-Verlag}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, organization = {Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund}, issn = {0341-7387}, pages = {39 -- 44}, abstract = {Der deaflympische Sport (Syn.: Geh{\"o}rlosensport) ist sowohl in der medialen als auch in der sportaktiven {\"O}ffentlichkeit weithin unbekannt. Der paralympische Behindertensport wird zunehmend st{\"a}rker beachtet, der deaflympische hingegen insgesamt wenig. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird deshalb ein {\"U}berblick gegeben. Es wird zun{\"a}chst dessen geschichtliche Entwicklung n{\"a}her beschrieben und verdeutlicht, dass der institutionalisierte Sport von Athleten mit H{\"o}rbeeintr{\"a}chtigungen die l{\"a}ngste Tradition im Behindertensport aufweist. Außerdem erfolgt eine Beschreibung der institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen dieser Sportbewegung. Dabei ist hervorzuheben, dass f{\"u}r die Belange des Leistungssports von Menschen mit H{\"o}rbeeintr{\"a}chtigungen der Deutsche Geh{\"o}rlosenSportverband (DGS) und nicht der Deutsche Behindertensportverband (DBS) zust{\"a}ndig ist, da es sich beim deaflympischen Sport um eine historisch gewachsene, eigenst{\"a}ndige Sportbewegung handelt. Die weiteren Ausf{\"u}hrungen betreffen Aspekte zum Training und Wettkampf von Athleten mit H{\"o}rsch{\"a}digungen. Um an Wettk{\"a}mpfen im Geh{\"o}rlosensport teilnehmen zu d{\"u}rfen, muss ein Mindestmaß an H{\"o}rminderung vorliegen. Die Teilnahme an hochrangigen (internationalen) Wettk{\"a}mpfen (z. B. Deaflympics) erfordert dann - wie im Spitzensport generell - ein systematisches und regelm{\"a}ßiges Training. In Bezug auf Athleten mit H{\"o}rminderungen bedeutet dies insbesondere eine bestimmte Art der Kommunikation, des Vermittelns bzw. Erlernens (neuer) Bewegungen sowie die Beachtung etwaiger Einschr{\"a}nkungen der Gleichgewichtsf{\"a}higkeit. Auf diese Aspekte wird in diesem {\"U}bersichtsbeitrag ausf{\"u}hrlich eingegangen. Es wird unter anderem verdeutlicht, dass „geh{\"o}rlose" Sportler h{\"a}ufig durchaus noch {\"u}ber ein Resth{\"o}rverm{\"o}gen verf{\"u}gen. Außerdem erfordert das Training eine bestimmte Art der Kommunikation zwischen Trainer und Athlet, um effektiv im Sinne einer Leistungsentwicklung sein zu k{\"o}nnen. Schließlich gehen mit H{\"o}reinschr{\"a}nkungen h{\"a}ufig auch Defizite der Gleichgewichtsf{\"a}higkeit einher, die jedoch nicht a priori vorhanden sind und sich durch Training verbessern lassen. Im Res{\"u}mee wird nochmals herausgestellt, weshalb Grundkenntnisse {\"u}ber den deaflympischen Sport nicht nur zur Leistungsentwicklung h{\"o}rgesch{\"a}digter Spitzenathleten beitragen, sondern auch Trainern und Vereinen des Regelsportsystems des Deutschen Olympischen Sportbundes (DOSB) n{\"u}tzlich sein k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchulzSchwarz, author = {Schulz, Carsten and Schwarz, Colin}, title = {Indirect Model Predictive Control and its Impact on the Fatigue Strength of the Drivetrain}, series = {10. VDI-Fachtagung Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2019 : Bremen, 04.-05. Juni 2019}, booktitle = {10. VDI-Fachtagung Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2019 : Bremen, 04.-05. Juni 2019}, isbn = {978-3-18-092346-8}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchwarzSchulz, author = {Schwarz, Colin and Schulz, Carsten}, title = {Indirekte nichtlineare Modellpr{\"a}diktive Regelung von Windkraftanlagen und deren Einfluss auf die Betriebsfestigkeit beteiligter Maschinenelemente}, series = {DMK - Dresdner Maschinenelemente Kolloquium, 2017, Dresden}, booktitle = {DMK - Dresdner Maschinenelemente Kolloquium, 2017, Dresden}, editor = {Schlecht, Berthold}, publisher = {sierke-Verlag}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchwarzSchulz, author = {Schwarz, Colin and Schulz, Carsten}, title = {Moderne, sch{\"a}digungsreduzierende Ans{\"a}tze zur Regelung einer Windenergieanlage in einem breiten Lastspektrum}, series = {Dresdner Maschinenelemente Kolloquium : DMK 2019 : 26.-27. Nov.}, booktitle = {Dresdner Maschinenelemente Kolloquium : DMK 2019 : 26.-27. Nov.}, publisher = {Sierke Verlag}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-96548-055-1}, pages = {601 -- 616}, language = {de} } @article{BeyerWeigertQuicketal., author = {Beyer, Thomas and Weigert, Markus and Quick, Harald H. and Pietrzyk, Uwe and Vogt, Florian and Palm, Christoph and Antoch, Gerald and M{\"u}ller, Stefan P. and Bockisch, Andreas}, title = {MR-based attenuation correction for torso-PET/MR imaging}, series = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging}, volume = {35}, journal = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1007/s00259-008-0734-0}, pages = {1142 -- 1146}, abstract = {Purpose MR-based attenuation correction (AC) will become an integral part of combined PET/MR systems. Here, we propose a toolbox to validate MR-AC of clinical PET/MRI data sets. Methods Torso scans of ten patients were acquired on a combined PET/CT and on a 1.5-T MRI system. MR-based attenuation data were derived from the CT following MR-CT image co-registration and subsequent histogram matching. PET images were reconstructed after CT- (PET/CT) and MR-based AC (PET/MRI). Lesion-to-background (L/B) ratios were estimated on PET/CT and PET/MRI. Results MR-CT histogram matching leads to a mean voxel intensity difference in the CT- and MR-based attenuation images of 12\% (max). Mean differences between PET/MRI and PET/CT were 19\% (max). L/B ratios were similar except for the lung where local misregistration and intensity transformation leads to a biased PET/MRI. Conclusion Our toolbox can be used to study pitfalls in MR-AC. We found that co-registration accuracy and pixel value transformation determine the accuracy of PET/MRI.}, subject = {Kernspintomografie}, language = {en} } @article{WeigertPietrzykMuelleretal., author = {Weigert, Markus and Pietrzyk, Uwe and M{\"u}ller, Stefan P. and Palm, Christoph and Beyer, Thomas}, title = {Whole-body PET/CT imaging}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medizinische Physik}, volume = {18}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medizinische Physik}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1016/j.zemedi.2007.07.004}, pages = {59 -- 66}, abstract = {Aim Combined whole-body (WB) PET/CT imaging provides better overall co-registration compared to separate CT and PET. However, in clinical routine local PET-CT mis-registration cannot be avoided. Thus, the reconstructed PET tracer distribution may be biased when using the misaligned CT transmission data for CT-based attenuation correction (CT-AC). We investigate the feasibility of retrospective co-registration techniques to align CT and PET images prior to CT-AC, thus improving potentially the quality of combined PET/CT imaging in clinical routine. Methods First, using a commercial software registration package CT images were aligned to the uncorrected PET data by rigid and non-rigid registration methods. Co-registration accuracy of both alignment approaches was assessed by reviewing the PET tracer uptake patterns (visual, linked cursor display) following attenuation correction based on the original and co-registered CT. Second, we investigated non-rigid registration based on a prototype ITK implementation of the B-spline algorithm on a similar targeted MR-CT registration task, there showing promising results. Results Manual rigid, landmark-based co-registration introduced unacceptable misalignment, in particular in peripheral areas of the whole-body images. Manual, non-rigid landmark-based co-registration prior to CT-AC was successful with minor loco-regional distortions. Nevertheless, neither rigid nor non-rigid automatic co-registration based on the Mutual Information image to image metric succeeded in co-registering the CT and noAC-PET images. In contrast to widely available commercial software registration our implementation of an alternative automated, non-rigid B-spline co-registration technique yielded promising results in this setting with MR-CT data. Conclusion In clinical PET/CT imaging, retrospective registration of CT and uncorrected PET images may improve the quality of the AC-PET images. As of today no validated and clinically viable commercial registration software is in routine use. This has triggered our efforts in pursuing new approaches to a validated, non-rigid co-registration algorithm applicable to whole-body PET/CT imaging of which first results are presented here. This approach appears suitable for applications in retrospective WB-PET/CT alignment. Ziel Kombinierte PET/CT-Bildgebung erm{\"o}glicht verbesserte Koregistrierung von PET- und CT-Daten gegen{\"u}ber separat akquirierten Bildern. Trotzdem entstehen in der klinischen Anwendung lokale Fehlregistrierungen, die zu Fehlern in der rekonstruierten PET- Tracerverteilung f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen, falls die unregistrierten CT-Daten zur Schw{\"a}chungskorrektur (AC) der Emissionsdaten verwendet werden. Wir untersuchen daher die Anwendung von Bildregistrierungsalgorithmen vor der CT-basierten AC zur Verbesserung der PET-Aufnahmen. Methoden Mittels einer kommerziellen Registrierungssoftware wurden die CT-Daten eines PET/CT- Tomographen durch landmarken- und intensit{\"a}tsbasierte rigide (starre) und nicht-rigide Registrierungsverfahren r{\"a}umlich an die unkorrigierten PET-Emissionsdaten angepasst und zur AC verwendet. Zur Bewertung wurden die Tracerverteilungen in den PET-Bildern (vor AC, CT-AC, CT-AC nach Koregistrierung) visuell und mit Hilfe korrelierter Fadenkreuze verglichen. Zus{\"a}tzlich untersuchten wir die ITK-Implementierung der bekannten B-spline basierten, nicht-rigiden Registrierungsans{\"a}tze im Hinblick auf ihre Verwendbarkeit f{\"u}r die multimodale PET/CT-Ganzk{\"o}rperregistrierung. Ergebnisse Mittels landmarkenbasierter, nicht-rigider Registrierung konnte die Tracerverteilung in den PET-Daten lokal verbessert werden. Landmarkenbasierte rigide Registrierung f{\"u}hrte zu starker Fehlregistrierung in entfernten K{\"o}rperregionen. Automatische rigide und nicht-rigide Registrierung unter Verwendung der Mutual-Information-{\"A}hnlichkeitsmetrik versagte auf allen verwendeten Datens{\"a}tzen. Die automatische Registrierung mit B-spline-Funktionen zeigte vielversprechende Resultate in der Anwendung auf einem {\"a}hnlich gelagerten CT-MR-Registrierungsproblem. Fazit Retrospektive, nicht-rigide Registrierung unkorrigierter PET- und CT-Aufnahmen aus kombinierten Aufnahmensystemen vor der AC kann die Qualit{\"a}t von PET-Aufnahmen im klinischen Einsatz verbessern. Trotzdem steht bis heute im klinischen Alltag keine validierte, automatische Registrierungssoftware zur Verf{\"u}gung. Wir verfolgen dazu Ans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r validierte, nicht-rigide Bildregistrierung f{\"u}r den klinischen Einsatz und pr{\"a}sentieren erste Ergebnisse.}, subject = {Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie}, language = {en} } @article{DehnhardtPalmVietenetal., author = {Dehnhardt, Markus and Palm, Christoph and Vieten, Andrea and Bauer, Andreas and Pietrzyk, Uwe}, title = {Quantifying the A1AR distribution in peritumoral zones around experimental F98 and C6 rat brain tumours}, series = {Journal of Neuro-Oncology}, volume = {85}, journal = {Journal of Neuro-Oncology}, doi = {10.1007/s11060-007-9391-6}, pages = {49 -- 63}, abstract = {Quantification of growth in experimental F98 and C6 rat brain tumours was performed on 51 rat brains, 17 of which have been further assessed by 3D tumour reconstruction. Brains were cryosliced and radio-labelled with a ligand of the peripheral type benzodiazepine-receptor (pBR), 3H-Pk11195 [(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-propylene)-3-isoquinoline-carboxamide)] by receptor autoradiography. Manually segmented and automatically registered tumours have been 3D-reconstructed for volumetric comparison on the basis of 3H-Pk11195-based tumour recognition. Furthermore automatically computed areas of -300 μm inner (marginal) zone as well as 300 μm and 600 μm outer tumour space were quantified. These three different regions were transferred onto other adjacent slices that had been labelled by receptor autoradiography with the A1 Adenosine receptor (A1AR)-ligand 3H-CPFPX (3H-8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluorpropyl)-1-propylxanthine) for quantitative assessment of A1AR in the three different tumour zones. Hence, a method is described for quantifying various receptor protein systems in the tumour as well as in the marginal invasive zones around experimentally implanted rat brain tumours and their representation in the tumour microenvironment as well as in 3D space. Furthermore, a tool for automatically reading out radio-labelled rat brain slices from auto radiographic films was developed, reconstructed into a consistent 3D-tumour model and the zones around the tumour were visualized. A1AR expression was found to depend upon the tumour volume in C6 animals, but is independent on the time of tumour development. In F98 animals, a significant increase in A1AR receptor protein was found in the Peritumoural zone as a function of time of tumour development and tumour volume.}, subject = {Hirntumor}, language = {en} } @article{MangSchnabelCrumetal., author = {Mang, Andreas and Schnabel, Julia A. and Crum, William R. and Modat, Marc and Camara-Rey, Oscar and Palm, Christoph and Caseiras, Gisele Brasil and J{\"a}ger, H. Rolf and Ourselin, S{\´e}bastien and Buzug, Thorsten M. and Hawkes, David J.}, title = {Consistency of parametric registration in serial MRI studies of brain tumor progression}, series = {International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery}, volume = {3}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery}, number = {3-4}, doi = {10.1007/s11548-008-0234-5}, pages = {201 -- 211}, abstract = {Object The consistency of parametric registration in multi-temporal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies was evaluated. Materials and methods Serial MRI scans of adult patients with a brain tumor (glioma) were aligned by parametric registration. The performance of low-order spatial alignment (6/9/12 degrees of freedom) of different 3D serial MR-weighted images is evaluated. A registration protocol for the alignment of all images to one reference coordinate system at baseline is presented. Registration results were evaluated for both, multimodal intra-timepoint and mono-modal multi-temporal registration. The latter case might present a challenge to automatic intensity-based registration algorithms due to ill-defined correspondences. The performance of our algorithm was assessed by testing the inverse registration consistency. Four different similarity measures were evaluated to assess consistency. Results Careful visual inspection suggests that images are well aligned, but their consistency may be imperfect. Sub-voxel inconsistency within the brain was found for allsimilarity measures used for parametric multi-temporal registration. T1-weighted images were most reliable for establishing spatial correspondence between different timepoints. Conclusions The parametric registration algorithm is feasible for use in this application. The sub-voxel resolution mean displacement error of registration transformations demonstrates that the algorithm converges to an almost identical solution for forward and reverse registration.}, subject = {Kernspintomografie}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PalmGraemeCrumetal., author = {Palm, Christoph and Graeme, Penny P. and Crum, William R. and Schnabel, Julia A. and Pietrzyk, Uwe and Hawkes, David J.}, title = {Fusion of Rat Brain Histology and MRI using Weighted Multi-Image Mutual Information}, series = {Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 6914: Image Processing 69140M}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 6914: Image Processing 69140M}, number = {6914}, doi = {10.1117/12.770605}, pages = {69140M-1 -- 69140M-9}, abstract = {Fusion of histology and MRI is frequently demanded in biomedical research to study in vitro tissue properties in an in vivo reference space. Distortions and artifacts caused by cutting and staining of histological slices as well as differences in spatial resolution make even the rigid fusion a difficult task. State-of- the-art methods start with a mono-modal restacking yielding a histological pseudo-3D volume. The 3D information of the MRI reference is considered subsequently. However, consistency of the histology volume and consistency due to the corresponding MRI seem to be diametral goals. Therefore, we propose a novel fusion framework optimizing histology/histology and histology/MRI consistency at the same time finding a balance between both goals. Method - Direct slice-to-slice correspondence even in irregularly-spaced cutting sequences is achieved by registration-based interpolation of the MRI. Introducing a weighted multi-image mutual information metric (WI), adjacent histology and corresponding MRI are taken into account at the same time. Therefore, the reconstruction of the histological volume as well as the fusion with the MRI is done in a single step. Results - Based on two data sets with more than 110 single registrations in all, the results are evaluated quantitatively based on Tanimoto overlap measures and qualitatively showing the fused volumes. In comparison to other multi-image metrics, the reconstruction based on WI is significantly improved. We evaluated different parameter settings with emphasis on the weighting term steering the balance between intra- and inter-modality consistency.}, subject = {Kernspintomografie}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EibenKunzPietrzyketal., author = {Eiben, Bj{\"o}rn and Kunz, Dietmar and Pietrzyk, Uwe and Palm, Christoph}, title = {Level-Set-Segmentierung von Rattenhirn MRTs}, series = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2009; Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen ; Proceedings des Workshops vom 22. bis 25. M{\"a}rz 2009 in Heidelberg}, booktitle = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2009; Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen ; Proceedings des Workshops vom 22. bis 25. M{\"a}rz 2009 in Heidelberg}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {167 -- 171}, abstract = {In dieser Arbeit wird die Segmentierung von Gehirngewebe aus Kopfaufnahmen von Ratten mittels Level-Set-Methoden vorgeschlagen. Dazu wird ein zweidimensionaler, kontrastbasierter Ansatz zu einem dreidimensionalen, lokal an die Bildintensit{\"a}t adaptierten Segmentierer erweitert. Es wird gezeigt, dass mit diesem echten 3D-Ansatz die lokalen Bildstrukturen besser ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden k{\"o}nnen. Insbesondere Magnet-Resonanz-Tomographien (MRTs) mit globalen Helligkeitsgradienten, beispielsweise bedingt durch Oberfl{\"a}chenspulen, k{\"o}nnen auf diese Weise zuverl{\"a}ssiger und ohne weitere Vorverarbeitungsschritte segmentiert werden. Die Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit des Algorithmus wird experimentell an Hand dreier Rattenhirn-MRTs demonstriert.}, subject = {Dreidimensionale Bildverarbeitung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{PietrzykPalmBeyer, author = {Pietrzyk, Uwe and Palm, Christoph and Beyer, Thomas}, title = {Investigation of fusion strategies of multi-modality images}, series = {IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record}, volume = {4}, booktitle = {IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record}, doi = {10.1109/NSSMIC.2004.1462740}, pages = {2399 -- 2401}, abstract = {Presenting images from different modalities seems to be a trivial task considering the challenges to obtain registered images as a pre-requisite for image fusion. In combined tomographs like PET/CT, image registration is intrinsic. However, informative image fusion mandates careful preparation owing to the large amount of information that is presented to the observer. In complex imaging situations it is required to provide tools that are easy to handle and still powerful enough to help the observer discriminating important details from background patterns. We investigated several options for color tables applied to brain and non-brain images obtained with PET, MRI and CT.}, language = {en} } @misc{BauerStoffelsPauleitetal., author = {Bauer, Dagmar and Stoffels, Gabriele and Pauleit, Dirk and Palm, Christoph and Hamacher, Kurt and Coenen, Heinz H. and Langen, Karl}, title = {Uptake of F-18-fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine and H-3-L-methionine in focal cortical ischemia}, series = {The Journal of Nuclear Medicine}, volume = {47}, journal = {The Journal of Nuclear Medicine}, number = {Suppl. 1}, pages = {284P}, abstract = {Objectives: C-11-methionine (MET) is particularly useful in brain tumor diagnosis but unspecific uptake e.g. in cerebral ischemia has been reported (1). The F-18-labeled amino acid O-(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) shows a similar clinical potential as MET in brain tumor diagnosis but is applicable on a wider clinical scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the uptake of FET and H-3-MET in focal cortical ischemia in rats by dual tracer autoradiography. Methods: Focal cortical ischemia was induced in 12 Fisher CDF rats using the photothrombosis model (PT). One day (n=3) , two days (n=5) and 7 days (n=4) after induction of the lesion FET and H-3-MET were injected intravenously. One hour after tracer injection animals were killed, the brains were removed immediately and frozen in 2-methylbutane at -50°C. Brains were cut in coronal sections (thickness: 20 µm) and exposed first to H-3 insensitive photoimager plates to measure FET distribution. After decay of F-18 the distribution of H-3-MET was determined. The autoradiograms were evaluated by regions of interest (ROIs) placed on areas with increased tracer uptake in the PT and the contralateral brain. Lesion to brain ratios (L/B) were calculated by dividing the mean uptake in the lesion and the brain. Based on previous studies in gliomas a L/B ratio > 1.6 was considered as pathological for FET. Results: Variable increased uptake of both tracers was observed in the PT and its demarcation zone at all stages after PT. The cut-off level of 1.6 for FET was exceeded in 9/12 animals. One day after PT the L/B ratios were 2.0 ± 0.6 for FET vs. 2.1 ± 1.0 for MET (mean ± SD); two days after lesion 2.2 ± 0.7 for FET vs. 2.7 ± 1.0 for MET and 7 days after lesion 2.4 ± 0.4 for FET vs. 2.4 ± 0.1 for MET. In single cases discrepancies in the uptake pattern of FET and MET were observed. Conclusions: FET like MET may exhibit significant uptake in infarcted areas or the immediate vincinity which has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of unkown brain lesions. The discrepancies in the uptake pattern of FET and MET in some cases indicates either differences in the transport mechanisms of both amino acids or a different affinity for certain cellular components.}, language = {en} }