@inproceedings{WeberHinterbergerFischeretal., author = {Weber, Bernhard and Hinterberger, Lukas and Fischer, Sebastian and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {How to Prevent Misuse of IoTAG?}, series = {Cloud Computing 2021: the Twelfth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization: April 18-22, 2021, Porto, Portugal}, booktitle = {Cloud Computing 2021: the Twelfth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization: April 18-22, 2021, Porto, Portugal}, editor = {Duncan, Bob and Lee, Yong Woo and Popescu, Manuela}, publisher = {IARIA}, address = {Wilmington, DE, USA}, isbn = {978-1-61208-845-7}, issn = {2308-4294}, abstract = {Since IoT devices are potentially insecure and offer great attack potential, in our past research we presented IoTAG, a solution where devices communicate security-related information about themselves. However, since this information can also be exploited by attackers, we present in this paper a solution against the misuse of IoTAG. In doing so, we address the two biggest problems: authentication and pairing with a trusted device. This is solved by introducing a pairing process, which uses the simultaneous authentication of equals algorithm to securely exchange and verify each others signature, and by using the server and client authentication provided by HTTP over TLS. We provide the minimum requirements and evaluate the methods used. The emphasis is on known and already proven methods. Additionally, we analyze the potential consequences of an attacker tapping the IoTAG information. Finally, we conclude that the solution successfully prevents access to IoTAG by unauthorized clients on the same network.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StadlerCornetMazeasetal., author = {Stadler, Sebastian and Cornet, Henriette and Mazeas, Damien and Chardonnet, Jean-Remy and Frenkler, Fritz}, title = {IMPRO: IMMERSIVE PROTOTYPING IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL DESIGNERS}, series = {Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 2020}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 2020}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.81}, pages = {1375 -- 1384}, abstract = {Computer-Aided Design (CAD) constitutes an important tool for industrial designers. Similarly, Virtual Reality (VR) has the capability to revolutionize how designers work with its increased sense of scale and perspective. However, existing VR CAD applications are limited in terms of functionality and intuitive control. Based on a comparison of VR CAD applications, ImPro, a new application for immersive prototyping for industrial designers was developed. The user evaluations and comparisons show that ImPro offers increased usability, functionality, and suitability for industrial designers.}, language = {de} } @techreport{VetterHaugDotteretal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Vetter, Miriam and Haug, Sonja and Dotter, Caroline and Weber, Karsten}, title = {EVEKT - Erh{\"o}hung der Verbraucherpartizipation an der Energiewende durch KI-Technologien und datenbasierte Mehrwertdienste. 5. Arbeitspapier: Segmentierung von Verbrauchergruppen mittels Clusteranalyse basierend auf einer Bev{\"o}lkerungsbefragung in Deutschland}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.17667.11043}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77436}, pages = {27}, abstract = {Ziel dieses Arbeitspapiers ist es, Haushalte in unterschiedliche Verbrauchergruppen zu kategorisieren, um Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r eine zielgerichtete Ansprache zur Stromverbrauchsreduktion zu ziehen. In diesem Bericht werden Umfragedaten einer repr{\"a}sentativen Online-Bev{\"o}lkerungsbefragung f{\"u}r Deutschland (11/2023, n=2.027) ausgewertet. Zur Differenzierung von Verbrauchergruppen wurde eine Two-Step-Clusteranalyse zur Bestimmung der Clustervariablen und Bestimmung der Clusteranzahl durchgef{\"u}hrt. Anschließend wurden die Ergebnisse mit einer k-means-Clusterl{\"o}sung validiert; mit der metrische soziodemografische Variablen (Alter, Haushaltsgr{\"o}ße, Netto{\"a}quivalenzeinkommen und monatliche Stromkosten) aufgenommen wurden. Zwei Verbrauchersegmente resultierten aus dieser Clusterbildung: Cluster 1 besteht aus j{\"u}ngeren, gr{\"o}ßeren Haushalten mit geringerem Einkommen, die h{\"o}here Stromkosten aufweisen als Cluster 2, welches aus {\"a}lteren Haushalten mit einer geringeren Haushaltsgr{\"o}ße von durchschnittlich 1,63 Personen und h{\"o}herem Einkommen sowie geringeren Stromkosten besteht. Es wird untersucht, wie sich die Cluster im Hinblick auf Nutzungsszenarien f{\"u}r Smart-Meter-Anwendungen, die Einstellung zum Zugriff auf Energiedaten, damit in Verbindung stehende Anreize und potenzielle Empf{\"a}nger von Energiedaten unterscheiden lassen. Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r die zielgruppengerechte Adres-sierung von Energiesparwendungen werden abgeleitet.}, language = {de} } @techreport{SchultzHauerHaugetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Schultz, Maximilian and Hauer, Franziska and Haug, Sonja and Weber, Karsten}, title = {KINiro, K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz f{\"u}r Nichtregierungsorganisationen - Bedarf, Akzeptanz und Umsetzungsm{\"o}glichkeiten. 4. Arbeitspapier: K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in Nichtregierungsorganisationen: In-depth-Interviews}, address = {Regensburg}, organization = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg / Institut f{\"u}r Sozialforschung und Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung (IST)}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.25460.46720}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79471}, pages = {128}, abstract = {Vor dem Hintergrund der wachsenden Bedeutung K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Kontexten untersucht dieses Arbeitspapier aus dem Projekt KINiro den Einsatz, die Bedarfe sowie die Akzeptanz von KI in Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NROs). Im Rahmen des Projekts „KINiro - Bedarf, Akzeptanz und Umsetzungsm{\"o}glichkeiten" wurden zehn vertiefende Expert*innen-Interviews mit Vertreter*innen verschiedener NROs gef{\"u}hrt. Ziel war es, ein differenziertes und vertiefendes Verst{\"a}ndnis von Wissen, ben{\"o}tigten und vorhandenen Ressourcen, organisatorischen Strukturen, Umsetzungsm{\"o}glichkeiten und das Erheben von Akzeptanz und die Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r Nicht-Akzeptanz zu erheben. Das Arbeitspapier ist das vierte in dem Projekt und baut auf den Erkenntnissen des Scoping Reviews, der ersten qualitativen Studie und der großen quantitativen Studie auf. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Interesse an KI in NROs stark zugenommen hat, insbesondere nach der breiten Verf{\"u}gbarkeit von KI-Anwendungen wie ChatGPT. Die befragten Organisationen experimentieren aktuell mit KI vorwiegend in den Bereichen Textproduktion, Datenanalyse, Wissensmanagement und Prozessoptimierung. Es werden auch spezielle KI-Anwendungen f{\"u}r die Bedarfe der NROs entwickelt und eingesetzt. Zugleich bestehen jedoch große Herausforderungen, insbesondere begrenzte finanzielle und personelle Ressourcen, fehlendes Know-how und der Mangel an Digitalisierung. Datenschutz und ethische Fragestellungen sowie m{\"o}gliche Verzerrungen (Bias) sind zentrale Bedenken. Dennoch lassen sich erste erfolgreiche Umsetzungsstrategien erkennen, etwa die Bildung interner Arbeitsgruppen, die Unterst{\"u}tzung durch F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte, auch gezielte Schulungen sowie die Entwicklung von Leitlinien werden positiv bewertet. Diese Ans{\"a}tze tragen dazu bei, Vorbehalte abzubauen und Akzeptanz zu f{\"o}rdern. Das Arbeitspapier zeigt damit, wie die vorherigen Arbeitspapiere, dass KI im gemeinwohlorientierten Sektor grunds{\"a}tzlich auf Offenheit trifft, zugleich aber ein breites Spektrum an Voraussetzungen wie Ressourcen, Know-how, rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und nutzbare Anwendungen ben{\"o}tigt werden, um das volle Potenzial von KI verantwortungsvoll auszunutzen.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Semmelmann, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Semmelmann, Ernst}, title = {Einsatz eines optischen Lesers zum Auslesen von Stromz{\"a}hlerdaten}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-8031}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-80318}, school = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {78}, abstract = {An der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg existiert ein Forschungsprojekt f{\"u}r energieoptimiertes Wohnen. Im Zuge dessen werden im genossenschaftlichen Wohnquartier Margaretenau in Regensburg bereits Daten zum Stromverbrauch erfasst. Daf{\"u}r wird ein separater Dreiphasenz{\"a}hler verwendet, f{\"u}r dessen Installation jedoch eine Fachkraft notwendig ist. Eine Alternative stellen die bereits verbauten Stromz{\"a}hler dar, die f{\"u}r die Stromabrechnung verwendet werden. Diese besitzen eine optische Schnittstelle, {\"u}ber die ermittelte Messgr{\"o}ßen ausgegeben werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Arbeit behandelt die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens, in dem diese Daten ausgelesen und zur Analyse abgespeichert werden. Daf{\"u}r wird ein optischer Lesekopf verwendet, der die extrahierten Messwerte an einen Datenaggregator weiterleitet. Dieser wird durch einen Raspberry Pi realisiert, der die Daten aller Lesek{\"o}pfe aufbereitet und anschließend an die zentrale Sammelstelle versendet, die an der Hochschule betrieben wird und bereits die Datens{\"a}tze der externen Dreiphasenz{\"a}hler verarbeitet. Diese f{\"u}gt die Messwerte schließlich in eine Datenbank ein, damit sie f{\"u}r eine nachfolgende Analyse weiterverwendet werden k{\"o}nnen. In der Arbeit werden zuerst die theoretischen Grundlagen erl{\"a}utert, was die Analyse der verwendeten Protokolle und das Funktionsprinzip des optischen Lesekopfs beinhaltet. Anschließend wird das entwickelte Verfahren beschrieben und die Konfiguration der eingesetzten Komponenten erl{\"a}utert. Schließlich erfolgt die Evaluation der umgesetzten Methode im Hinblick auf die Datenkonsistenz und die Plausibilit{\"a}t der ausgelesenen Messwerte.}, subject = {Elektrizit{\"a}tsz{\"a}hler}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{NeubauerFischerHackenberg, author = {Neubauer, Katrin and Fischer, Sebastian and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {Risk Analysis of the Cloud Infrastructure of Smart Grid and Internet of Things}, series = {The Tenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, (CLOUD COMPUTING 2019), 10th Mai 2019, Venice, Italy}, booktitle = {The Tenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, (CLOUD COMPUTING 2019), 10th Mai 2019, Venice, Italy}, publisher = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-61208-703-0}, issn = {2308-4294}, pages = {82 -- 87}, abstract = {Cloud Computing (CC), Internet of Thing (IoT) and Smart Grid (SG) are separate technologies. The digital transformation of the energy industry and the increasing digitalization in the private sector connect these technologies. At the moment, CC is used as a service provider for IoT. Currently in Germany, the SG is under construction and a cloud connection to the infrastructure has not been implemented yet. To build the SG cloud, the new laws for privacy must be implemented and therefore it's important to know which data can be stored and distributed over a cloud. In order to be able to use future innovative services, SG and IoT must be combined. For this, in the next step we connect the SG infrastructure with the IoT. A potential insecure device and network (IoT) should be able to transfer data to and from a critical infrastructure (SG). In detail, we focus on two different connections: the communication between the smart meter switching box and the IoT device and the data transferred between the IoT and SG cloud. In our example, a connected charging station with cloud services is connected with a SG infrastructure. To create a really smart service, the charging station needs a connection to the SG to get the current amount of renewable energy in the grid. Private data, such as name, address and payment details, should not be transferred to the IoT cloud. With these two connections, new threads emerge. In this case, availability, confidentiality and integrity must be ensured. A risk analysis over all the cloud connections, including the vulnerability and the ability of an attacker and the resulting risk are developed in this paper.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FischerNeubauerHackenberg, author = {Fischer, Sebastian and Neubauer, Katrin and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {A Study about the Different Categories of IoT in Scientific Publications}, series = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2020: the Eleventh International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs and Virtualization, October 25-29, 2020, Nizza}, booktitle = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2020: the Eleventh International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs and Virtualization, October 25-29, 2020, Nizza}, publisher = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-61208-778-8}, pages = {24 -- 30}, abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used as a synonym for nearly every connected device. This makes it really difficult to find the right kind of scientific publication for the intended category of IoT. Conferences and other events for IoT are confusing about the target group (consumer, enterprise, industrial, etc.) and standardisation organisations suffer from the same problem. To demonstrate these problems, this paper shows the results of an analyses over IoT publications in different research libraries. The number of results for IoT, consumer, enterprise and industrial search queries were evaluated and a manual study about 100 publications was done. According to the research library or search engine, different results about the distribution of consumer-, enterprise- and industrial- IoT are visible. The comparison with the results of the manual evaluation shows that some search queries do not show all desired publications or that considerably more, unwanted results are returned. Most researchers do not use the keywords right and the exact category of IoT can only be accessed via the abstract. This shows major problems with the use of the term IoT and its minor limitations.}, language = {en} } @techreport{HauerHaugSchultzetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Hauer, Franziska and Haug, Sonja and Schultz, Maximilian and Scharf, Anna and Weber, Karsten}, title = {KINiro, K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz f{\"u}r Nichtregierungsorganisationen - Bedarf, Akzeptanz und Umsetzungsm{\"o}glichkeiten. 3. Arbeitspapier: K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in Nichtregierungsorganisationen: Quantitative Erforschung der Umsetzung in deutschen NROs}, publisher = {OTH Regensburg}, address = {Regensburg}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.11094.66883}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-73518}, pages = {105}, abstract = {Hintergrund und Fragestellung K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz (KI) stellt ein wichtiges Thema der Digitalisierung dar und hat das Potenzial viele Arbeitsfelder grundlegend zu ver{\"a}ndern. Mit dem Einsatz von KI wird die Hoffnung verbunden durch Automatisierung Zeit und Geld zu sparen. Dies k{\"o}nnte besonders interessant f{\"u}r Organisationen sein, die wenig Ressourcen zur Verf{\"u}gung haben, da sie nicht gewinnorientiert oder ehrenamtlich arbeiten. Dazu z{\"a}hlen Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO), die einen wichtigen Bestandteil der Zivilgesellschaft darstellen. Aufgrund der komplexer werdenden Arbeit von NROs scheint KI M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Bew{\"a}ltigung aktueller und zuk{\"u}nftiger Herausforderungen zu bieten. {\"U}ber den Einsatz von KI in NROs ist derzeit jedoch wenig bekannt. Methodik Es wurde eine quantitative Querschnittstudie deutscher Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO) zum Thema KI durchgef{\"u}hrt. Der Web-Survey baut auf den Erkenntnissen des Scoping Reviews und der qualitativen Interviews auf und vertieft den Einblick in die Bereiche aktuelle Nutzung von KI, Wissenstand in den Organisationen sowie vorhandene und noch ben{\"o}tigte Ressourcen. Daf{\"u}r wurden 343 NROs verschiedener Gr{\"o}ßen und Handlungsfelder befragt und die Ergebnisse quantitativ analysiert. Ergebnisse Die meisten NROs sind der Anwendung von KI gegen{\"u}ber positiv eingestellt und planen den Einsatz f{\"u}r die Zukunft oder testen ihn bereits. Daf{\"u}r werden meist schnell umsetzbare, externe Anwendungen wie Schreibunterst{\"u}tzungen oder Text{\"u}bersetzung f{\"u}r B{\"u}rot{\"a}tigkeiten in den Arbeitsablauf eingebaut. Diese Nutzung beschr{\"a}nkt sich h{\"a}ufig auf erste Versuche und wird durch interessierte Einzelpersonen vorangetrieben. F{\"u}r gr{\"o}ßere Umsetzung fehlen h{\"a}ufig Zeit, Geld und Wissen. Da die NROs selbst erwarten, dass die Nutzung von KI in den n{\"a}chsten Jahren zunehmen wird, werden mehr Wissensaufbau und Austausch in den Organisationen notwendig. Schlussfolgerung Das Interesse an der Thematik scheint in der Zielgruppe vorhanden zu sein, wie die hohe Teilnahmebereitschaft nahelegt. Doch handelt es sich um ein eher neues Thema f{\"u}r die NROs, sodass der Einsatz noch getestet wird und feste Strukturen, welche die Anwendung systematisieren und regeln noch aufgebaut werden m{\"u}ssen. Um dies zu erm{\"o}glichen, sind mehr Wissen, Richtlinien und finanzielle Ressourcen notwendig. Die Umsetzung hat in den NROs jedoch wenig Priorit{\"a}t, da zun{\"a}chst andere H{\"u}rden {\"u}berwunden werden m{\"u}ssen.}, language = {de} } @techreport{VetterHaugDotteretal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Vetter, Miriam and Haug, Sonja and Dotter, Caroline and Weber, Karsten}, title = {EVEKT - Erh{\"o}hung der Verbraucherpartizipation an der Energiewende durch KI-Technologien und datenbasierte Mehrwertdienste. 4. Arbeitspapier: Akzeptanz und Nutzungsbereitschaft von Smart-Meter-Anwendungen und datenbasierten Mehrwertdiensten}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.33227.60968}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77421}, pages = {36}, abstract = {Um Leistungsschwankungen im Stromnetz durch fluktuierende erneuerbare Energien auszugleichen, sollen in Deutschland intelligente Messtechnologien in Privathaushalten verbaut werden. Diese gelten als zentraler Bestandteil sog. Smart-Grids (intelligente Stromnetze), die Stromnachfrage und -angebot steuern, um Stromnetzstabilit{\"a}t zu gew{\"a}hrleisten. Die Werte, die bei der Messung des Stromverbrauchs in Privathaushalten erhoben werden, k{\"o}nnen an die Verbraucher*innen mithilfe von Apps oder anderer Smart-Meter-Plattformen (datenbasierte Mehrwertdienste) r{\"u}ckgemeldet werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde eine Online-Befragung der Wohnbev{\"o}lkerung in Deutschland (n=2.027) durchgef{\"u}hrt, deren Ergebnisse im Folgenden dargestellt werden. Abgefragt wurden Bekanntheit, Nutzungsbereitschaft und Akzeptanz intelligenter Stromz{\"a}hler bzw. Smart-Meter sowie Anwendungsszenarien. Der H{\"a}lfte der Befragten ist der Begriff Smart-Meter bekannt, etwa ein Zehntel aller Befragten verf{\"u}gt nach eigenen Angaben bereits {\"u}ber einen intelligenten Stromz{\"a}hler oder einen Smart-Meter. Zudem bestehen bei einem hohen Anteil der Befragten Erwartungen bez{\"u}glich N{\"u}tzlichkeit und Energiereduktion. Ein Nutzungsszenario mit Kostensparhinweisen wird h{\"a}ufiger gew{\"u}nscht als eine Anzeige des Echt-zeitstromverbrauchs mit dem Energieverbrauch von einzelnen Haushaltsger{\"a}ten. Bei den Inhalten der Apps w{\"u}rden vor allem finanzielle und ideelle Anreize zum Energiesparen motivieren. Dem Datenschutz messen die Befragten h{\"o}chste Bedeutung zu. Als Schlussfolgerung kann formuliert werden, dass intelligente Messtechnologien bis zu einem gewissen Grad schon bekannt, aber in Deutschland wenig verbreitet sind. Die Nutzungsm{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r Strom- und Kostenreduktion werden bisher kaum ausgesch{\"o}pft. Bestehenden (Datenschutz-)Bedenken gegen{\"u}ber der Technologie sollte mit intensiver Aufkl{\"a}rung und Information begegnet werden.}, language = {de} } @unpublished{TakayasuWeiklDahmenetal., author = {Takayasu, Anna and Weikl, Simone and Dahmen, Victoria and Bogenberger, Klaus}, title = {Impact of Travel Stress and Infrastructure Quality on Cycling Mode Share: Insights From Multimodal Trajectory and Survey Data Analysis}, publisher = {Researchgate}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.30696.85766}, abstract = {This study explores the relationship between travel stress, infrastructure quality, and cycling mode share. Utilizing multimodal trajectory data, survey responses on travel stress, and detailed road network information with geological and bicycle facility data, the study analyzes correlations between actual and perceived infrastructure quality, travel stress, and cycling mode share, as well as the impact of travel time and distance on cycling mode share. The results indicate significant correlations between perceived infrastructure quality and travel stress levels, and between travel stress levels and cycling mode share, particularly among regular bike users. However, clear correlations between actual and perceived infrastructure quality, and between perceived infrastructure quality and cycling mode share, were not observed. Additionally, direct effects of travel time and distance on cycling mode share were not evident. From these findings, three main insights emerge. Firstly, accurately estimating cycling mode share requires considering multiple parameters beyond travel time and distance. Secondly, to implement effective measures for bicycle facilities, a detailed analysis of perceived infrastructure quality, incorporating actual infrastructure design, is crucial. Lastly, travel stress, when carefully assessed with consideration of various factors beyond infrastructure design, emerges as a key determinant of travel mode choice. These insights have significant implications for future cycling research, including the development of travel mode choice models and estimating cycling demand. The study's valuable contributions advance efforts to promote cycling as a sustainable and preferred mode of transportation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Herrmann, author = {Herrmann, Frank}, title = {Performance of Storage Strategies in a Highbay Warehouse}, series = {SIMUL 2022, the 14th International Conference on Advances in System Simulation: October 16-20, 2022, Lisbon, Portugal}, booktitle = {SIMUL 2022, the 14th International Conference on Advances in System Simulation: October 16-20, 2022, Lisbon, Portugal}, editor = {Herrmann, Frank}, publisher = {IARIA}, issn = {2308-4537}, pages = {69 -- 73}, abstract = {Storage and retrieval times of goods in inventory processes determine the efficiency of highbay warehouses in companies. These times are highly dependent on the performance of rack feeders. Storage strategies have the greatest influence. The paper shows the impact of an efficient control of rack feeders through storage strategies. Storage strategies which are typically used in industrial inventory processes are analysed. For the analysis a simulation system is implemented, so that the real process times are similar to the simulated ones. This results in recommendations for the use of storage strategies in companies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{HaugVetterScharfetal., author = {Haug, Sonja and Vetter, Miriam and Scharf, Anna and Altenbuchner, Amelie and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Nachhaltiges Wohnen: soziale Aspekte der Geb{\"a}udesanierung}, series = {Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der UN im Spiegel der Wissenschaft Beispiele aus der Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung}, booktitle = {Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der UN im Spiegel der Wissenschaft Beispiele aus der Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung}, editor = {Heese, Carl and Sch{\"u}tz, Sandra and Obergrießer, Stefanie}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-43334-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-43334-5_5}, pages = {69 -- 88}, abstract = {Der Beitrag befasst sich mit Nachhaltigkeitszielen der Vereinten Nationen im Bereich der bezahlbaren und sauberen Energie (Ausbau erneuerbare Energie, klimafreundliche Energie), nachhaltige St{\"a}dte und Gemeinden (energieeffizienter Wohnungsbau) und Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz (Senkung Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen). F{\"u}r die Erreichung dieser Nachhaltigkeitsziele spielen die Wohnung und erforderliche Ver{\"a}nderungen im Verbrauch von Heizenergie und Strom eine bedeutende Rolle. Das Wissen {\"u}ber Energieeinsparungsm{\"o}glichkeiten und die Einstellungen der Bev{\"o}lkerung wie auch anderer Akteur*innen und Stakeholder*innen zur energetischen Geb{\"a}udesanierung ist hierbei entscheidend. In diesem Kontext werden drei Forschungsprojekte des Instituts f{\"u}r Sozialforschung und Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung (IST) an der OTH Regensburg vorgestellt: Erstens die Haushaltsbefragung in der Wohnbaugenossenschaft Margaretenau Regensburg (Projekt MAGGIE) zum Thema der energetischen Geb{\"a}udesanierung mit Fokus auf Heizung und Stromerzeugung mit regenerativer Energie. Zweitens das Projekt LivingH2, bei dem es um die Brennstoffzellentechnologie geht und drittens das Forschungsprojekt EVEKT in dem Anreizstrukturen f{\"u}r Energiesparmaßnahmen untersucht und in der Wohnsiedlung Herzobase in Herzogenaurach getestet werden sollen. Themenfelder, die in dem Beitrag im Spannungsfeld der sozialen, {\"o}kologischen und {\"o}konomischen Nachhaltigkeitsdimensionen angesprochen werden, sind unter anderem Energiearmut, Interessenkonflikte zwischen Akteur*innen sowie Technikakzeptanz und Rebound-Effekte.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FolgerHachaniFuxenetal., author = {Folger, Fabian and Hachani, Murad and Fuxen, Philipp and Graf, Julian and Fischer, Sebastian and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {A Transformer-Based Framework for Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Time Series}, series = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2025, The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, April 06, 2025 to April 10, 2025, Valencia, Spain}, booktitle = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2025, The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, April 06, 2025 to April 10, 2025, Valencia, Spain}, publisher = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-258-6}, issn = {2308-4294}, pages = {52 -- 57}, abstract = {This paper introduces a comprehensive Transformer-based architecture for anomaly detection in multivariate time series. Using self-attention, the framework efficiently processes high-dimensional sensor data without extensive feature engineering, enabling early detection of unusual patterns to prevent critical system failures. In a subsequent laboratory setup, the framework will be applied using fuzzing techniques to induce anomalies in an Electronic Control Unit, while monitoring side channels, such as temperature, voltage, and Controller Area Network messages. The overall structure of the architecture, as well as the necessary preprocessing steps, such as temporal aggregation and classification up to the optimization of the hyperparameters of the model, are presented. The evaluation of the model architecture with the postulated restrictions shows that the model handles anomaly scenarios in the dataset robustly. It is necessary to evaluate the extent to which the model can be used in practical applications in areas, such as cloud environments or the industrial Internet of Things. Overall, the results highlight the potential of Transformer models for the automated and reliable monitoring of complex time series data for deviations.}, language = {en} } @article{DahmenBogenbergerWeikl, author = {Dahmen, Victoria and Bogenberger, Klaus and Weikl, Simone}, title = {Modellierung des Verkehrsmittelwahlverhaltens mittels erkl{\"a}rbarem Maschinellem Lernen}, series = {Straßenverkehrstechnik}, volume = {69}, journal = {Straßenverkehrstechnik}, number = {2}, publisher = {Kirschbaum}, issn = {0039-2219}, doi = {10.53184/SVT2-2025-3}, pages = {96 -- 102}, abstract = {Die Modellierung der Verkehrsmittelwahl ist f{\"u}r die Vorhersage und das Verst{\"a}ndnis des Mobilit{\"a}tsverhaltens unerl{\"a}sslich. Hierbei wurden in den letzten Jahren mit maschinellem Lernen vielversprechende Ergebnisse erzielt, insbesondere f{\"u}r XGBoost- und Random-Forest-Modelle. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Verwendung von Tracking-basierten Smartphone-Apps zur Aufzeichnung des Mobilit{\"a}tsverhaltens, wenden wir diese Modelle auf einen solchen Datensatz an. Zudem analysieren wir eingehend deren Interpretierbarkeit. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass das XGBoost-Modell am leistungsst{\"a}rksten und dennoch erkl{\"a}rbar ist. Die von solchen Modellen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse k{\"o}nnen beispielsweise genutzt werden, um die Verkehrsmittelwahl f{\"u}r beliebige Quelle-Ziel-Paare vorherzusagen.}, language = {de} } @article{VetterHaugWeber, author = {Vetter, Miriam and Haug, Sonja and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Datenschutzsorgen aus Sicht der Bev{\"o}lkerung im Kontext der Einf{\"u}hrung von Smart-Metern}, series = {Datensicherheit und Datenschutz}, volume = {49}, journal = {Datensicherheit und Datenschutz}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s11623-025-2065-8}, pages = {177 -- 180}, abstract = {Der Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer repr{\"a}sentativen Bev{\"o}lkerungsumfrage zur Akzeptanz von Smart-Metern in Privathaushalten vor. Bedenken gegen{\"u}ber der Einf{\"u}hrung von Smart-Metern hat knapp die H{\"a}lfte der Befragten. Anonymisierte Zugriffe auf ERnergieverbrauchsdaten werden anstelle der Weitergabe personenbezogener Daten favorisiert. Informationen {\"u}ber den Datenschutz haben f{\"u}r deutsche Privathaushalte offenbar die h{\"o}chste Priorit{\"a}t.}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-8066, title = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2025, The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, April 06, 2025 to April 10, 2025, Valencia, Spain}, editor = {Fischer, Sebastian and Neumann, Christoph P. and Aßmuth, Andreas}, publisher = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-258-6}, issn = {2308-4294}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-7892, title = {Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advances in System Simulation, SIMUL 2022, October 16 - 20, 2022, Lisbon, Portugal}, editor = {Herrmann, Frank}, publisher = {IARIA XPS Press}, isbn = {978-1-68558-001-8}, issn = {2308-4537}, pages = {85}, language = {en} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz und Sterben just in time}, series = {Wie werden wir in Zukunft sterben? - Szenarien zu Sterben Tod und Trauer im Jahr 2045}, booktitle = {Wie werden wir in Zukunft sterben? - Szenarien zu Sterben Tod und Trauer im Jahr 2045}, editor = {George, Wolfgang Michael and Weber, Karsten}, publisher = {Psychosozial-Verlag}, address = {Gießen}, isbn = {9783837961058}, doi = {10.30820/9783837961058-249}, pages = {249 -- 268}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Mensch und Technik, Mensch durch Technik}, series = {Wie werden wir in Zukunft sterben? - Szenarien zu Sterben Tod und Trauer im Jahr 2045}, booktitle = {Wie werden wir in Zukunft sterben? - Szenarien zu Sterben Tod und Trauer im Jahr 2045}, editor = {George, Wolfgang Michael and Weber, Karsten}, publisher = {Psychosozial-Verlag}, address = {Gießen}, isbn = {9783837961058}, doi = {10.30820/9783837961058-49}, pages = {49 -- 60}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FuxenHackenbergHeinletal., author = {Fuxen, Philipp and Hackenberg, Rudolf and Heinl, M. P. and Schunck, C. H. and Yahalom, R.}, title = {MANTRA: A Graph-based Unified Information Aggregation Foundation for Enhancing Cybersecurity Management in Critical Infrastructures // Aufsatznr.: P-335}, series = {Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Proceedings - Series of the Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI),}, booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Proceedings - Series of the Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI),}, doi = {10.18420/OID2023_10}, pages = {123 -- 128}, abstract = {The digitization of almost all sectors of life and the quickly growing complexity of interrelationships between actors in this digital world leads to a dramatically increasing attack surface regarding both direct and also indirect attacks over the supply chain. These supply chain attacks can have different characters, e.g., vulnerabilities and backdoors in hardware and software, illegitimate access by compromised service providers, or trust relationships to suppliers and customers exploited in the course of business email compromise. To address this challenge and create visibility along these supply chains, threat-related data needs to be rapidly exchanged and correlated over organizational borders. The publicly funded project MANTRA is meant to create a secure and resilient framework for real-time exchange of cyberattack patterns and automated, contextualized risk management. The novel graph-based approach provides benefits for automation regarding cybersecurity management, especially when it comes to prioriization of measures for risk reduction and during active defense against cyberattacks. In this paper, we outline MANTRA's scope, objectives, envisioned scientific approach, and challenges.}, language = {en} } @misc{Fischer, author = {Fischer, Sebastian}, title = {A Security-, Privacy-and Usability-Scoring System for IoT Devices}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HachaniSteyFuxenetal., author = {Hachani, Murad and Stey, Miguel and Fuxen, Philipp and Graf, Julian and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {GFDG: a genetic fuzzing method for the Controller Area Network Protocol}, series = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Coud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, booktitle = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Coud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, organization = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-258-6}, issn = {2308-4294}, pages = {40 -- 45}, abstract = {Ensuring the security of modern automotive systems is critical due to their increasing complexity and reliance on interconnected Electronic Control Units. The Controller Area Network still serves as a key communication protocol within these systems, making it a primary target for security testing. Traditional fuzz testing approaches for Controller Area Networks often rely on random or brute-force message generation, not leveraging the system's feedback to improve the generation process. This paper introduces the Genetic Fuzz Data Generator, a fuzzing method that leverages Genetic Algorithms and side-channel analysis to enhance Controller Area Network security testing. The Genetic Fuzz Data Generator dynamically refines its fuzzing strategy by evaluating system responses through side-channel data, such as processing unit temperatures and power supply variations. By structuring Controller Area Network messages as genetic individuals and applying evolutionary principles—including selection, crossover, and mutation—the Genetic Fuzz Data Generator systematically identifies active Controller Area Network IDs and generates targeted fuzz messages. Experimental validation was conducted on a real automotive electronic control unit within a controlled laboratory setup. The first results demonstrated the approach's effectiveness, revealing system anomalies, including a Denial of Service vulnerability that disrupted functions of the investigated Electronic Control Unit. The findings highlight the potential of feedback-driven fuzzing for improving the efficiency of black-box security testing in Controller Area Network-based systems. Future research could further optimize fitness functions or explore additional side-channel metrics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuchmannSchwaegerlPeinl, author = {Buchmann, Thomas and Schw{\"a}gerl, Felix and Peinl, Ren{\´e}}, title = {To Model, to Prompt, or to Code? The Choice Is Yours: A Multi-Paradigmatic Approach to Software Development}, series = {Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Technologies, 10-12.Juni 2025, Bilbao}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Technologies, 10-12.Juni 2025, Bilbao}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}, doi = {10.5220/0013557100003964}, pages = {296 -- 303}, abstract = {This paper considers three fundamental approaches to software development, namely manual coding, model-driven software engineering, and code generation by large language models. All of these approaches have their individual pros and cons, motivating the desire for an integrated approach. We present MoProCo, a technical solution to integrate the three approaches into a single tool chain, allowing the developer to split a software engineering task into modeling, prompting or coding sub-tasks. From a single input file consisting of static model structure, natural language prompts and/or source code fragments, Java source code is generated using a two-stage approach. A case study demonstrates that the MoProCo approach combines the desirable properties of the three development approaches by offering the appropriate level of abstraction, determinism, and dynamism for each specific software engineering sub-task.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ReichelGerstnerSchilleretal., author = {Reichel, Tobias and Gerstner, Mathias and Schiller, Leo and Attenberger, Andreas and Hackenberg, Rudolf and Dološ, Klara}, title = {A forensic analysis of GNSS spoofing attacks on autonomous vehicles}, series = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, booktitle = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, organization = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-258-6}, issn = {2308-4294}, pages = {32 -- 39}, abstract = {Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are essential for modern technology, enabling precise geographic positioning in aviation, maritime shipping, and automotive systems. In the future, their role will be even more critical for autonomous vehicles, which rely on accurate localization for navigation and decision-making. However, the increasing connectivity of autonomous vehicles exposes them to cyber threats, including GNSS spoofing attacks, which manipulate location data to mislead onboard systems. As reliance on GNSS grows, so does the risk posed by spoofing attacks, making it a critical security concern. This paper describes GNSS spoofing attacks on autonomous vehicles, focusing on their detection both during and after an attack. Furthermore, we analyze data storage strategies to facilitate effective forensic analysis. We highlight the importance of position, signal, and camera data, which should be preserved to ensure a comprehensive forensic investigation. Finally, we suggest a simulation setup that enables studying which data could be used for a forensic investigation. Additionally, we examine established data frameworks and decide whether they are suitable for detecting GNSS spoofing attacks.}, language = {en} } @misc{Altweck, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Altweck, Ricardo}, title = {Analysing Learning Behaviour in Moodle: A Heuristic and AI-Driven Approach}, address = {Regensburg}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-7921}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79210}, school = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {91}, abstract = {In this thesis, a novel evaluation method to determine the duration of learning sessions and the completion of learning material is introduced. Screen recordings of students' browser sessions are utilised to capture detailed, low-level learner activity in a blended learning environment.The accumulated recordings are analysed to define a continuous completion state for individual learning material, focusing on the exact time a student spends on the material and their activity during this period. The evaluation method is adapted to the type of material, such as PDF documents, quizzes, or video lectures. The results demonstrate the potential of this approach, based on analysis of two distinct time frames: an exam preparation period and a lecture period. Additionally, an AI-driven approach is outlined to further refine the chosen definition of learning material completion.}, language = {en} } @article{KopperFuerstenauZimmermannetal., author = {Kopper, Andreas and F{\"u}rstenau, Daniel and Zimmermann, Stephan and Klotz, Stefan and Rentrop, Christopher and Rothe, Hannes and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {Shadow IT and Business-Managed IT: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Illustration}, series = {International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance (IJITBAG)}, volume = {9}, journal = {International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance (IJITBAG)}, number = {2}, publisher = {IGI Global}, doi = {10.4018/IJITBAG.2018070104}, pages = {53 -- 71}, abstract = {Research on Shadow IT is facing a conceptual dilemma in cases where previously "covert" systems developed by business entities are integrated in the organizational IT management. These systems become visible, are thus not "in the shadows" anymore, and subsequently do not fit to existing definitions of Shadow IT. Practice shows that some information systems share characteristics of Shadow IT but are created openly in alignment with the IT organization. This paper proposes the term "Business-managed IT" to describe "overt" information systems developed or managed by business entities and distinguishes it from Shadow IT by illustrating case vignettes. Accordingly,our contribution is to suggest a concept and its delineation against other concepts. In this way, IS researchers interested in IT originated from or maintained by business entities can construct theories with a wider scope of application that are at the same time more specific to practical problems. In addition, the terminology allows to value potentially innovative developments by business entities more adequately.}, subject = {Unternehmen}, language = {en} } @article{KaessStrahringerWestner, author = {K{\"a}ss, Sebastian and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {A Multiple Mini Case Study on the Adoption of Low Code Development Platforms in Work Systems}, series = {IEEE Access}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3325092}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-65634}, pages = {118762 -- 118786}, abstract = {Although adopting Low Code Development Platforms (LCDPs) promises significant efficiency and effectiveness improvements for application development, its adoption still needs further empirical research. This paper uses a combinatorial approach to research LCDP adoption and presents the results of a multiple mini case study with 36 cases on LCDP adoption. A combination of the Socio-Technical Systems theory and the Technology-Organisational-Environment model is used as a theoretical lens. In this paper, we show that LCDP adoption is a multifaceted phenomenon and identify three archetypes for LCDP adoption (i.e., IT Resource Shortage Mitigators, Application Development Democratisers, and Synergy Realisers) and one archetype for LCDP non-adoption (i.e., Intricacy Adversaries). Each archetype can be interpreted as an individual path towards LCDP (non-)adoption. Based on these archetypes, we derive seven starting points for practitioners to adopt LCDPs in work systems. Moreover, by using the theoretical lenses, the paper shows that for an LCDP adoption to occur, an optimisation of the social and technical sub-systems is required.}, language = {en} } @article{BorgFrikelJorgensenetal., author = {Borg, Leise and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and J{\o}rgensen, Jakob Sauer and Quinto, Eric Todd}, title = {Analyzing Reconstruction Artifacts from Arbitrary Incomplete X-ray CT Data}, series = {SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences}, number = {4}, publisher = {SIAM PUBLICATIONS}, doi = {10.1137/18M1166833}, pages = {2786 -- 2814}, abstract = {This article provides a mathematical analysis of singular (nonsmooth) artifacts added to reconstructions by filtered backprojection (FBP) type algorithms for X-ray computed tomography (CT) with arbitrary incomplete data. We prove that these singular artifacts arise from points at the boundary of the data set. Our results show that, depending on the geometry of this boundary, two types of artifacts can arise: object-dependent and object-independent artifacts. Object-dependent artifacts are generated by singularities of the object being scanned, and these artifacts can extend along lines. They generalize the streak artifacts observed in limited-angle tomography. Object-independent artifacts, on the other hand, are essentially independent of the object and take one of two forms: streaks on lines if the boundary of the data set is not smooth at a point and curved artifacts if the boundary is smooth locally. We prove that these streak and curve artifacts are the only singular artifacts that can occur for FBP in the continuous case. In addition to the geometric description of artifacts, the article provides characterizations of their strength in Sobolev scale in certain cases. The results of this article apply to the well-known incomplete data problems, including limited-angle and regionof-interest tomography, as well as to unconventional X-ray CT imaging setups that arise in new practical applications. Reconstructions from simulated and real data are analyzed to illustrate our theorems, including the reconstruction that motivated this work a synchrotron data set in which artifacts appear on lines that have no relation to the object.}, language = {en} } @article{KopperKlotzWestneretal., author = {Kopper, Andreas and Klotz, Stefan and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Shadow IT and Business-managed IT}, series = {Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM)}, volume = {30}, journal = {Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM)}, number = {4}, issn = {1042-1319}, pages = {25}, abstract = {Two concepts describe the autonomous deployment of IT by business entities: Shadow IT and Business-managed IT. Shadow IT is deployed covertly, that is, software, hardware, or IT services created/procured or managed by business entities without alignment with the IT organization. In contrast, Business-managed IT describes the overt deployment of IT, that is, in alignment with the IT organization or in a split responsibility model. The purpose of this paper is to extend the conceptual understanding of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT, comparing the perceptions of 29 CIOs and senior IT managers with the results of a systematic literature review. By doing so, this paper presents a structured and comprehensive view of causing factors, outcomes, and governance of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT in practice. A comparison of academic literature and practitioner perceptions reveals the limitations and gaps of the current research and highlights avenues for future research. The authors find three category-spanning themes occurring as causing factors, outcomes, and—as part of governance measures—factors to improve the IT organization: (1) (Poor) business-IT alignment (2) (lack of) agility, and (3) (lack of) policies. This study is innovative with its comprehensive qualitative interview data that the authors compare to the existing literature. Therefore, the paper brings together theoretical and practical insights into Shadow IT and Businessmanaged IT, which should aid practitioners and scholars in decision making and future research.}, subject = {Corporate Governance}, language = {en} } @article{KaessBrosigWestneretal., author = {K{\"a}ss, Sebastian and Brosig, Christoph and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Short and sweet: multiple mini case studies as a form of rigorous case study research}, series = {Information Systems and e-Business Management}, journal = {Information Systems and e-Business Management}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s10257-024-00674-2}, pages = {34}, abstract = {Case study research is one of the most widely used research methods in Information Systems (IS). In recent years, an increasing number of publications have used case studies with few sources of evidence, such as single interviews per case. While there is much methodological guidance on rigorously conducting multiple case studies, it remains unclear how researchers can achieve an acceptable level of rigour for this emerging type of multiple case study with few sources of evidence, i.e., multiple mini case studies. In this context, we synthesise methodological guidance for multiple case study research from a cross-disciplinary perspective to develop an analytical framework. Furthermore, we calibrate this analytical framework to multiple mini case studies by reviewing previous IS publications that use multiple mini case studies to provide guidelines to conduct multiple mini case studies rigorously. We also offer a conceptual definition of multiple mini case studies, distinguish them from other research approaches, and position multiple mini case studies as a pragmatic and rigorous approach to research emerging and innovative phenomena in IS.}, language = {en} } @article{KlotzKopperWestneretal., author = {Klotz, Stefan and Kopper, Andreas and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Von Schatten-IT zu Business-managed IT: Fachbereichs-IT gezielt gestalten}, series = {Wirtschaftsinformatik \& Management}, volume = {14}, journal = {Wirtschaftsinformatik \& Management}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, issn = {1867-5913}, doi = {10.1365/s35764-022-00421-7}, pages = {282 -- 287}, abstract = {Fachbereichs-IT, Schatten-IT, Business-managed IT. All diese Begriffe beschreiben IT, die neben den eigentlichen, regul{\"a}ren IT-Systemen oder -Prozessen in Unternehmen existieren und von Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern der Fachbereiche genutzt werden. Im Fall von„Schatten-IT" handelt es sich um IT-Systeme und -Prozesse (IT-Instanzen), die sich ohne Kenntnis der IT-Verantwortlichen etabliert haben; im Fall von„Business-managed IT" entstehen die IT-Systeme und -Prozesse in Kenntnis der bzw. in Abstimmung mit den IT-Verantwortlichen im Unternehmen.„Fachbereichs-IT" subsumiert Schatten-IT und Business-managed IT. Welche Ursachen f{\"u}hren zu solchen IT-Instanzen, welche Potenziale und Risiken haben diese IT-Instanzen und wie lassen sie sich steuern?}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{JoblinApelHunsenetal., author = {Joblin, Mitchell and Apel, Sven and Hunsen, Claus and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Classifying Developers into Core and Peripheral: An Empirical Study on Count and Network Metrics}, series = {2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20-28 May 2017}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20-28 May 2017}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/icse.2017.23}, pages = {164 -- 174}, abstract = {Knowledge about the roles developers play in a software project is crucial to understanding the project's collaborative dynamics. In practice, developers are often classified according to the dichotomy of core and peripheral roles. Typically, count-based operationalizations, which rely on simple counts of individual developer activities (e.g., number of commits), are used for this purpose, but there is concern regarding their validity and ability to elicit meaningful insights. To shed light on this issue, we investigate whether count-based operationalizations of developer roles produce consistent results, and we validate them with respect to developers' perceptions by surveying 166 developers. Improving over the state of the art, we propose a relational perspective on developer roles, using fine-grained developer networks modeling the organizational structure, and by examining developer roles in terms of developers' positions and stability within the developer network. In a study of 10 substantial open-source projects, we found that the primary difference between the count-based and our proposed network-based core-peripheral operationalizations is that the network-based ones agree more with developer perception than count-based ones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a relational perspective can reveal further meaningful insights, such as that core developers exhibit high positional stability, upper positions in the hierarchy, and high levels of coordination with other core developers, which confirms assumptions of previous work.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KlotzWestnerStrahringer, author = {Klotz, Stefan and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {From Shadow IT to Business-managed IT and Back Again}, series = {Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS): 2020, Dubai}, booktitle = {Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS): 2020, Dubai}, pages = {14}, abstract = {Today, information technology (IT) is not anymore solely deployed and maintained by the IT organization, but also by business units. IT deployed or managed by business units is called Shadow IT (without alignment with the IT organization) or Business-managed IT (in alignment or a split responsibility model with the IT organization), contrasting "classical" IT. However, the responsibility for deployed IT might change over time. Therefore, this paper conceptualizes the progression of the responsibility for IT as a trajectory through initialization, potential transitions, and discontinuance. The paper illustrates this conceptual framework using four exemplary case vignettes of IT instances. Empirical findings of the case vignettes determine indications when employees initialize an IT instance as Shadow IT, Business-managed IT, or IT-managed systems and reasons why the responsibility for an IT instance changes over time. The results suggest that scholars and practitioners should add a temporal dimension to the governance of IT instances.}, subject = {IT-Governance}, language = {en} } @article{KlotzKopperWestneretal., author = {Klotz, Stefan and Kopper, Andreas and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Causing factors, outcomes, and governance of Shadow IT and business-managed IT}, series = {International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management}, volume = {7}, journal = {International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management}, number = {1}, issn = {2182-7796}, doi = {10.12821/ijispm070102}, pages = {15 -- 43}, abstract = {Shadow IT and Business-managed IT describe the autonomous deployment/procurement or management of Information Technology (IT) instances, i.e., software, hardware, or IT services, by business entities. For Shadow IT, this happens covertly, i.e., without alignment with the IT organization; for Business-managed IT this happens overtly, i.e., in alignment with the IT organization or in a split responsibility model. We conduct a systematic literature review and structure the identified research themes in a framework of causing factors, outcomes, and governance. As causing factors, we identify enablers, motivators, and missing barriers. Outcomes can be benefits as well as risks/shortcomings of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT. Concerning governance, we distinguish two subcategories: general governance for Shadow IT and Business-managed IT and instance governance for overt Business-managed IT. Thus, a specific set of governance approaches exists for Business-managed IT that cannot be applied to Shadow IT due to its covert nature. Hence, we extend the existing conceptual understanding and allocate research themes to Shadow IT, Business-managed IT, or both concepts and particularly distinguish the governance of the two concepts. Besides, we find that governance themes have been the primary research focus since 2016, whereas older publications (until 2015) focused on causing factors.}, subject = {Betriebliches Informationssystem}, language = {en} } @article{KlotzWestnerStrahringer, author = {Klotz, Stefan and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Critical Success Factors of Business-managed IT: It Takes Two to Tango}, series = {Information Systems Management}, volume = {39}, journal = {Information Systems Management}, number = {3}, publisher = {Taylor\&Francis}, doi = {10.1080/10580530.2021.1938300}, pages = {220 -- 240}, abstract = {This paper identifies critical success factors of Business-managed IT based on case study results. Four groups of critical success factors emerge: (1) general approach to Business-managed IT/Business-managed IT strategy, (2) Business-managed IT project prerequisites/Business-managed IT team, (3) Business-managed IT project execution and outcome, and (4) information technology management for Business-managed IT. The results suggest that bilateral responsibility between the business unit and the IT organization is the most favorable governance option for Business-managed IT.}, subject = {Betriebliches Informationssystem}, language = {en} } @article{BorgJorgensenFrikeletal., author = {Borg, Leise and J{\o}rgensen, Jakob Sauer and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and Sporring, Jon}, title = {Reduction of variable-truncation artifacts from beam occlusion during in situ x-ray tomography}, series = {Measurement Science and Technology}, volume = {28}, journal = {Measurement Science and Technology}, number = {12}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, doi = {10.1088/1361-6501/aa8c27}, abstract = {Many in situ x-ray tomography studies require experimental rigs which may partially occlude the beam and cause parts of the projection data to be missing. In a study of fluid flow in porous chalk using a percolation cell with four metal bars drastic streak artifacts arise in the filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction at certain orientations. Projections with non-trivial variable truncation caused by the metal bars are the source of these variable-truncation artifacts. To understand the artifacts a mathematical model of variable-truncation data as a function of metal bar radius and distance to sample is derived and verified numerically and with experimental data. The model accurately describes the arising variable-truncation artifacts across simulated variations of the experimental setup. Three variable-truncation artifact-reduction methods are proposed, all aimed at addressing sinogram discontinuities that are shown to be the source of the streaks. The 'reduction to limited angle' (RLA) method simply keeps only non-truncated projections; the 'detector-directed smoothing' (DDS) method smooths the discontinuities; while the 'reflexive boundary condition' (RBC) method enforces a zero derivative at the discontinuities. Experimental results using both simulated and real data show that the proposed methods effectively reduce variable- truncation artifacts. The RBC method is found to provide the best artifact reduction and preservation of image features using both visual and quantitative assessment. The analysis and artifact-reduction methods are designed in context of FBP reconstruction motivated by computational efficiency practical for large, real synchrotron data. While a specific variable- truncation case is considered, the proposed methods can be applied to general data cut-offs arising in different in situ x-ray tomography experiments.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JoblinMauererApeletal., author = {Joblin, Mitchell and Mauerer, Wolfgang and Apel, Sven and Siegmund, Janet and Riehle, Dirk}, title = {From Developer Networks to Verified Communities: A Fine-Grained Approach}, series = {2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, 16-24 May 2015, Florence, Italy}, booktitle = {2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, 16-24 May 2015, Florence, Italy}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-4799-1934-5}, doi = {10.1109/icse.2015.73}, pages = {563 -- 573}, abstract = {Effective software engineering demands a coordinated effort. Unfortunately, a comprehensive view on developer coordination is rarely available to support software-engineering decisions, despite the significant implications on software quality, software architecture, and developer productivity. We present a fine-grained, verifiable, and fully automated approach to capture a view on developer coordination, based on commit information and source-code structure, mined from version-control systems. We apply methodology from network analysis and machine learning to identify developer communities automatically. Compared to previous work, our approach is fine-grained, and identifies statistically significant communities using order-statistics and a community-verification technique based on graph conductance. To demonstrate the scalability and generality of our approach, we analyze ten open-source projects with complex and active histories, written in various programming languages. By surveying 53 open-source developers from the ten projects, we validate the authenticity of inferred community structure with respect to reality. Our results indicate that developers of open-source projects form statistically significant community structures and this particular view on collaboration largely coincides with developers' perceptions of real-world collaboration.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KlotzWestnerStrahringeretal., author = {Klotz, Stefan and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne and Schieder, Christian}, title = {Transformed Knowledge Sharing Through Business-managed IT and Shadow IT}, series = {Proceedings of the 25th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2019), Canc{\´u}n, Mexiko, August 15-17}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2019), Canc{\´u}n, Mexiko, August 15-17}, publisher = {AIS}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Business-managed IT and Shadow IT describe the autonomous deployment/management of IT instances by business units. For the former, this happens in alignment with the IT organization of the enterprise, for the latter, without alignment. We analyze why and how Business-managed IT and Shadow IT transform knowledge sharing with two case studies drawing on the theoretical lens of the knowledge-based view. Several motivators lead to the autonomous implementation of knowledge management systems (KMSs), for example, shortcomings of existing systems. The implemented KMSs have multiple benefits for knowledge sharing, such as a reduction of knowledge sharing barriers. However, we notice that the Shadow IT KMS leads to challenges for cross-unit knowledge sharing due to the covert nature of Shadow IT. Based on the findings of our case studies, we develop a mid-range theory to explain the transformation of knowledge sharing in enterprises supported by Business-managed IT and Shadow IT.}, language = {en} } @article{JoblinApelMauerer, author = {Joblin, Mitchell and Apel, Sven and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Evolutionary trends of developer coordination: a network approach}, series = {Empirical Software Engineering}, volume = {22}, journal = {Empirical Software Engineering}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s10664-016-9478-9}, pages = {2050 -- 2094}, abstract = {Software evolution is a fundamental process that transcends the realm of technical artifacts and permeates the entire organizational structure of a software project. By means of a longitudinal empirical study of 18 large open-source projects, we examine and discuss the evolutionary principles that govern the coordination of developers. By applying a network-analytic approach, we found that the implicit and self-organizing structure of developer coordination is ubiquitously described by non-random organizational principles that defy conventional software-engineering wisdom. In particular, we found that: (a) developers form scale-free networks, in which the majority of coordination requirements arise among an extremely small number of developers, (b) developers tend to accumulate coordination requirements with more and more developers over time, presumably limited by an upper bound, and (c) initially developers are hierarchically arranged, but over time, form a hybrid structure, in which core developers are hierarchically arranged and peripheral developers are not. Our results suggest that the organizational structure of large projects is constrained to evolve towards a state that balances the costs and benefits of developer coordination, and the mechanisms used to achieve this state depend on the project's scale.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FrikelBorgJorgensenetal., author = {Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and Borg, Leise and J{\o}rgensen, Jakob Sauer and Quinto, Eric Todd}, title = {Singular artifacts in incomplete data x-ray tomography}, series = {Tomographic Inverse Problems: Theory and Applications; 27.01. - 02.02.2019}, booktitle = {Tomographic Inverse Problems: Theory and Applications; 27.01. - 02.02.2019}, editor = {Burger, Martin and Hahn, Bernadette and Quinto, Eric Todd}, issn = {1660-8941}, doi = {10.4171/OWR/2019/4}, pages = {295 -- 297}, language = {en} } @article{JoblinMauerer, author = {Joblin, Mitchell and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {An Interactive Survey Framework for Validation of Social Network Analysis}, series = {The R Journal}, volume = {8}, journal = {The R Journal}, number = {1}, pages = {149 -- 158}, abstract = {Abstract Social network analysis is extremely well supported by the R community and is routinely used for studying the relationships between people engaged in collaborative activities. While there has been rapid development of new approaches and metrics in this field, the challenging question of validity (how well insights derived from social networks agree with reality) is often difficult to address. We propose the use of several R packages to generate interactive surveys that are specifically well suited for validating social network analyses. Using our web-based survey application, we were able to validate the results of applying community-detection algorithms to infer the organizational structure of software developers contributing to open-source projects.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KoenningHeinrichLeyhetal., author = {K{\"o}nning, Michael and Heinrich, Kai and Leyh, Christian and Westner, Markus}, title = {A quantitative analysis of regional differences in pivotal IT outsourcing contract features}, series = {Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Stockholm \& Uppsala, Sweden, June 8-14, 2019 (ECIS 2019 proceedings)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Stockholm \& Uppsala, Sweden, June 8-14, 2019 (ECIS 2019 proceedings)}, publisher = {Association for Information Systems}, isbn = {978-1-7336325-0-8}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {More than 30 years after its first implementation, IT outsourcing (ITO) is unanimously considered a critical component of corporate strategy for private and public institutions alike. While implementations of ITO around the world share some common characteristics like typical reasons for outsourcing, key success factors, or dimensions along which they can be classified, extant research also points to regional differences. However, research on this topic, specifically regarding pivotal contract features like contract value, contract length, or pricing methods, is still in its infancy, and quantitative analyses on the subject are particularly scarce. We address this research gap by analyzing data on 14,917 ITO contracts closed between 2007 and 2017 through the lens of cultural regions and three statistical methods. The contribution of our paper is threefold. First, our descriptive analysis points to globally decreasing contract lengths and contract values, confirming previous studies and practice reports. Second, an ANOVA with independent post-hoc testing provides quantitative support for the degree of dissimilarity among individual regions in pivotal ITO contract features. Finally, our quantitative replication of a previous study identifies culture-induced regional differences between USA and Japan regarding the effect of influence factors on ITO contract features}, language = {en} } @unpublished{ThausHofrichterLubnowetal., author = {Thaus, Christopher and Hofrichter, Elena and Lubnow, Matthias and Krenkel, Lars and Lehle, Karla}, title = {Hemocompatibility of Membrane Lung Components from Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation with Different Antithrombogenic Coatings}, doi = {10.20944/preprints202412.0615.v1}, pages = {1 -- 11}, abstract = {Thrombus formation within extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) devices remained a critical complication. One reason seems to be the contact of blood with large artificial surfaces within the membrane lung (ML). The aim was to test the hemocompatibility of different na{\"i}ve ECMO materials. Blood and platelets from five healthy volunteers were incubated with gas exchange (GF) and heat exchange fibers (HE) from four different commercial available new MLs representing different antithrombogenic coatings. Adherent platelets were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin. Surface coverage was quantified with ImageJ. Non-adherent platelets were stained with antibodies (CD62P, PAC-1, CD61) and fibrinogen to detect platelet activation with flow cytometry. Hemolysis of red blood cells after material contact was detected. All ECMO-materials were non-hemolytic and did not induce platelet activation. However, platetelet adhesion (median (IQR)) was significantly elevated on uncoated GFs made of polymethylpentene (GF-PMP; 12 (7-19)\%) and on GFs from the Hilite-MLs (GF-Hilite; 13 ((8-19)\%) compared to the other materials. In vitro testing of platelet adhesion disclosed significant differences of ECMO-materials with different antithrombogenic surface coatings. Instead, circulating platelets remained non-activated. ECMO-materials and its coatings were non-hemolytic. Finally, this study confirmed the good hemocompatibility of GFs and HEs from commerciall available MLs.}, language = {en} } @article{LichtenauerEttlMohretal., author = {Lichtenauer, Norbert and Ettl, Katrin and Mohr, Christa and Weber, Karsten and Meussling-Sentpali, Annette}, title = {Der Pflegeroboter f{\"u}r zu Hause}, series = {Die Schwester, der Pfleger}, volume = {11}, journal = {Die Schwester, der Pfleger}, number = {21}, publisher = {Bibliomed-Medizinische Verlagsgesellschaft mbH}, pages = {48 -- 52}, abstract = {Ein interdisziplin{\"a}res Forschungsprojekt der Ostbayerischen Hochschule Regensburg untersucht, inwiefern Telemedizin und digitale Anwendungen die Therapie und Pflege von Menschen mit Schlaganfall in ihrem h{\"a}uslichen Umfeld unterst{\"u}tzen, ihre Lebensqualit{\"a}t beeinflussen und die intersektorale Versorgung verbessern kann.}, language = {de} } @incollection{KrugBittnerRolfesetal., author = {Krug, Henriette and Bittner, Uta and Rolfes, Vasilija and Fangerau, Heiner and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Verunsicherung des {\"a}rztlichen Selbstverst{\"a}ndnisses durch K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz? Ein {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber potenzielle Auswirkungen ihres Einsatzes im {\"a}rztlichen Alltag}, series = {Unsicherheit in der Medizin ; zum Umgang mit Ungewissheit im Gesundheitswesen}, booktitle = {Unsicherheit in der Medizin ; zum Umgang mit Ungewissheit im Gesundheitswesen}, editor = {Frewer, Andreas and Bergemann, Lutz and Langmann, Elisabeth}, publisher = {K{\"o}nigshausen \& Neumann}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-8260-7226-0}, pages = {195 -- 210}, language = {de} } @article{KrugGerhardsBittneretal., author = {Krug, Henriette and Gerhards, Helene and Bittner, Uta and Scorna, Ulrike and Kaufner, Nicla and Kokott, Linda Ellen and Rolfes, Vasilija and Fangerau, Heiner and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Einwilligungsf{\"a}hig oder nicht? Zur Praxis der Pr{\"u}fung von Einwilligungsf{\"a}higkeit im klinischen Alltag und deren Herausforderungen}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualit{\"a}t im Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {171}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualit{\"a}t im Gesundheitswesen}, number = {August}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.zefq.2022.04.030}, pages = {20 -- 30}, abstract = {Die Einwilligungsf{\"a}higkeit (EWF) von Patient*innen ist eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung der informierten Zustimmung zu medizinischen Maßnahmen. Im Fall von Zweifeln an der EWF ist daher eine sorgf{\"a}ltige {\"a}rztliche Pr{\"u}fung und Beurteilung erforderlich. Trotz einer breiten theoretischen Diskussion {\"u}ber die Konzeption von EWF sowie m{\"o}gliche Vorgehensweisen zu ihrer Pr{\"u}fung mangelt es im klinischen Alltag oft an verbindlichen standardisierten Verfahrensvorgaben, sodass die Ergebnisse der EWF-Einsch{\"a}tzung interdisziplin{\"a}r wie interindividuell uneinheitlich ausfallen. Um die Qualit{\"a}t der EWF-Beurteilung verbessern zu k{\"o}nnen, bedarf es daher genauerer Kenntnisse {\"u}ber die Praxis sowie Schwierigkeiten bei der Pr{\"u}fung von EWF. Mit dem Ziel, einen Einblick in die konkreten Vorgehensweisen und Schwierigkeiten von Klinik{\"a}rzt*innen bei der Beurteilung der EWF zu erlangen, wurde eine explorative Telefonumfrage durchgef{\"u}hrt, in der die Teilnehmer*innen nach der Gewichtung der einzelnen Voraussetzungen von EWF sowie den Schwierigkeiten bei deren Pr{\"u}fung befragt wurden. Methoden Im Rahmen eines „convenience samplings" wurden fragebogenbasierte strukturierte Telefon-Interviews mit 26 an deutschen Kliniken t{\"a}tigen {\"A}rzt*innen aus den Fachbereichen Neurologie, An{\"a}sthesiologie, Chirurgie, Innere Medizin, Gyn{\"a}kologie und rekonstruktive/{\"a}sthetische Chirurgie durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Antworten wurden im Paper-and-Pencil-Verfahren dokumentiert, Antworten auf offene Fragen mit Hilfe thematischer Codierungen zusammengefasst und computergest{\"u}tzt ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Die Mehrheit der Befragten gab manchmal bis sehr h{\"a}ufig vorkommende Zweifel an der EWF ihrer Patient*innen an, wobei deren Pr{\"u}fung vornehmlich in individueller Vorgehensweise ohne formalisierte, standardisierte Vorgaben erfolgte. In der Frage nach der Gewichtung der sieben im Fragebogen vorgeschlagenen kognitiv sowie emotional basierten Beurteilungskriterien wurden diese {\"u}berwiegend innerhalb des Spektrums von „teilweise wichtig" bis „sehr wichtig" beurteilt. Schwierigkeiten bei der Beurteilung wurden in Bezug auf die Patient*innen selbst, das Verh{\"a}ltnis zwischen {\"A}rzt*innen und Patient*innen sowie die Situation der Beurteilung angegeben. Die Wahrnehmung von Schwierigkeiten bei der Pr{\"u}fung erfolgt dabei offenbar unabh{\"a}ngig von der Relevanz, die dem jeweiligen Kriterium f{\"u}r die EWF zugeschrieben wird. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse eine hohe Zustimmung zu der Relevanz der abgefragten sieben EWF-Kriterien, allerdings wurden zugleich diverse Schwierigkeiten bei ihrer tats{\"a}chlichen {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung deutlich. Ein Teil der Befragten w{\"u}nscht sich mehr Unterst{\"u}tzung bei der Bestimmung der EWF. Die Befragungsergebnisse st{\"u}tzen die Forderung, dass in diesem sensiblen medizinischen Kontext eine pr{\"a}zise Ausbildung und ausreichende zeitliche Ressourcen unbedingt erforderlich sind.}, language = {de} } @article{MaurerSaiboldGerletal., author = {Maurer, Julia and Saibold, Anna and Gerl, Katharina and Koller, Michael and K{\"o}lbl, Oliver and Pukrop, Tobias and Windschuettl, Sandra and Einhell, Sabine and Herrmann-Johns, Anne and Raptis, Georgios and Mueller, Karolina}, title = {Systematic development of a patient-reported ONCOlogical-ROUTinE-Screening (ONCO-ROUTES) procedure at the University Cancer Center Regensburg}, series = {Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology}, volume = {150}, journal = {Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {1432-1335}, doi = {10.1007/s00432-024-05955-4}, abstract = {Purpose The evaluation of treatment success and progression in oncology patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is playing an increasingly important role. Meanwhile, PROs are a component of the certification requirements of the German Cancer Society for oncology centers. PROs are used to provide supportive therapy. There is currently no instrument that fully covers the requirements. At the University Hospital Regensburg (UKR), a digital ONCOlogical-ROUTinE-Screening (ONCO-ROUTES) procedure was developed in order to assess the need for supportive therapy in a standardized way and to provide patients with supportive interventions tailored to their needs. Methods On the basis of current requirements and guidelines, the development of ONCO-ROUTES was supported by experts in focus groups and interviews, and digitalization was carried out in connection with the IT infrastructure. Results A Needs-based, Quality-of-life (QoL) and Symptoms Screening (NQS2) tool already established in the routine at the UKR was further developed into ONCO-ROUTES, which is made up of the domains therapy phase, nutrition, tobacco use, alcohol use, quality of life, general condition/functional status, physical activity, psychooncology, social services, and further support needs. By linking the digitized questionnaire to the hospital information system, the results are available for immediate use in routine operations and thus for the referral of patients for further supportive therapy. Conclusion The digital PRO application ONCO-ROUTES is designed to involve patients in monitoring additional supportive needs and thus, improves supportive interdisciplinary treatment.}, language = {en} } @article{LaufSchmiederVolynec, author = {Lauf, Wolfgang and Schmieder, G. and Volynec, I. A.}, title = {The automorphism space Σ(G) of a domain without punctiform prime ends}, series = {The Journal of Geometric Analysis}, volume = {10}, journal = {The Journal of Geometric Analysis}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, issn = {1050-6926}, doi = {10.1007/BF02921993}, pages = {697 -- 712}, abstract = {Let G ⊆ ℂ be a simply connected domain and let Σ (G) be its group of conformal automorphisms with the topology of uniform chordal convergence on G. In 1984 Gaier raised the question whether the connectedness of the space Σ (G) implies that the domain G has only punctiform prime ends. As a contribution to answering this question in this paper the authors use suitable spike Junctions to construct a bounded domain without any punctiform prime end such that its automorphism space Σ (G) is not discrete, but totally disconnected.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GreinerCurrleEttletal., author = {Greiner, Nina and Currle, Edda and Ettl, Katrin and Frommeld, Debora and Haug, Sonja and Kudienko, Natalie and Lauer, Norina and Lichtenauer, Norbert and Meussling-Sentpali, Annette and Middel, Luise and Mohr, Christa and Pfingsten, Andrea and Popp, Christof and Raptis, Georgios and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Technik im Alltag - Technik zum Leben : Telepr{\"a}senzgest{\"u}tzte Pflege und Therapie bei Schlaganfallpatient*innen}, series = {Kann Digital Pflege?: Clusterkonferenz ,,Zukunft der Pflege", 3., September 2020, N{\"u}rnberg}, volume = {Konferenzband Teil 1}, booktitle = {Kann Digital Pflege?: Clusterkonferenz ,,Zukunft der Pflege", 3., September 2020, N{\"u}rnberg}, address = {K{\"o}nigstetten, {\"O}sterreich}, issn = {2710-3048}, pages = {57 -- 61}, abstract = {Vorgestellt wird das Forschungsvorhaben des interdisziplin{\"a}ren Forschungsprojekts „DeinHaus 4.0 - Telepr{\"a}senzroboter f{\"u}r die Pflege und Unterst{\"u}tzung von Schlaganfallpatientinnen und -patienten (TePUS)". {\"U}ber geeignete Robotersysteme sollen den Proband*innen individuell abgestimmte Angebote aus den Bereichen Telenursing und Teletherapie zur Verf{\"u}gung gestellt werden. Hierbei werden einerseits Telepr{\"a}senzsitzungen durchgef{\"u}hrt, anderseits kommen verschiedene Apps zum Einsatz. Die Interventionen werden mittels eines Mixed-Methods-Ansatzes evaluiert. Begleitend werden Technikakzeptanz und Nutzungsbereitschaft untersucht.}, subject = {Schlaganfall}, language = {de} } @unpublished{FrummetSlanyAmlingetal., author = {Frummet, Alexander and Slany, Emanuel and Amling, Jonas and Lang, Moritz and Scheele, Stephan}, title = {Explainable information retrieval in the audit domain}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2507.03479}, pages = {4}, abstract = {Conversational agents such as Microsoft Copilot and Google Gemini assist users with complex search tasks but often generate misleading or fabricated references. This undermines trust, particularly in high-stakes domains such as medicine and finance. Explainable information retrieval (XIR) aims to address this by making search results more transparent and interpretable. While most XIR research is domain-agnostic, this paper focuses on auditing -- a critical yet underexplored area. We argue that XIR systems can support auditors in completing their complex task. We outline key challenges and future research directions to advance XIR in this domain.}, language = {en} } @article{WeberFrommeldGerhardsetal., author = {Weber, Karsten and Frommeld, Debora and Gerhards, Helene and Krug, Henriette and Kokott, Linda Ellen and Bittner, Uta}, title = {Speaking about enhancement - methodological issues and historical examples}, series = {American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience}, volume = {11}, journal = {American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1080/21507740.2020.1831650}, pages = {254 -- 256}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuehlhausenGomezLaueretal., author = {M{\"u}hlhausen, Sara and Gomez, Sarah and Lauer, Norina and Baumann, Timo}, title = {Cross lingual transfer learning does not improve aphasic speech recognition}, series = {Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2025: Tagungsband der 36. Konferenz Halle/Saale, 05.-07. M{\"A}RZ 2025}, booktitle = {Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2025: Tagungsband der 36. Konferenz Halle/Saale, 05.-07. M{\"A}RZ 2025}, editor = {Grawunder, Sven}, publisher = {TUDpress}, address = {Dresden}, isbn = {978-3-95908-803-9}, issn = {0940-6832}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-8051}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-80518}, pages = {8}, abstract = {In addressing the particular linguistic challenges posed by patients suffering from aphasia, a language disorder, this paper proposes a fine-tuning approach to enhance the speech recognition capabilities of existing models. The available aphasic research data in German is highly limited. To address this constraint, we propose a cross-lingual transfer approach to utilize English data to improve performance in German. This advancement aims to support the development of a therapy platform tailored for patients with aphasia. For the base speech recognition model, we choose to use OpenAI's Whisper model, and for fine-tuning, we make use of TalkBank's AphasiaBank. The experimental findings demonstrate that the transcription of aphasic audio with Whisper is less successful than non-aphasic audio. However, fine-tuning the transcription in the respective language resulted in an enhancement of its quality. In contrast, fine-tuning the transcription in another language and expecting a transfer of the learned aphasic speech properties led to a deterioration in its quality.}, subject = {Automatische Spracherkennung}, language = {en} } @article{EbnerFrikelLorenzetal., author = {Ebner, Andrea and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and Lorenz, Dirk and Schwab, J. and Haltmeier, Markus}, title = {Regularization of inverse problems by filtered diagonal frame decomposition}, series = {Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis}, volume = {62}, journal = {Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis}, number = {January}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.acha.2022.08.005}, pages = {66 -- 83}, abstract = {Inverse problems are at the heart of many practical problems such as image reconstruction or nondestructive testing. A characteristic feature is their instability with respect to data perturbations. To stabilize the inversion process, regularization methods must be developed and applied. In this paper, we introduce the concept of filtered diagonal frame decomposition, which extends the classical filtered SVD to the case of frames. The use of frames as generalized singular systems allows a better match to a given class of potential solutions and is also beneficial for problems where the SVD is not analytically available. We show that filtered diagonal frame decompositions yield convergent regularization methods, derive convergence rates under source conditions and prove order optimality. Our analysis applies to bounded and unbounded forward operators. As a practical application of our tools, we study filtered diagonal frame decompositions for inverting the Radon transform as an unbounded operator on L2(R2).}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-276, title = {Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik: Prozesse, Technologien, Anwendungen, Systeme und Management}, editor = {Barton, Thomas and Herrmann, Frank and Meister, Vera G. and M{\"u}ller, Christian and Seel, Christian}, publisher = {mana-Buch}, address = {Heide}, organization = {Arbeitskreis Wirtschaftsinformatik an Fachhochschulen (AKWI)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-2767}, subject = {Wirtschaftsinformatik}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-278, title = {Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik: Prozesse, Technologien, Anwendungen, Systeme und Management}, editor = {Barton, Thomas and Herrmann, Frank and Meister, Vera G. and M{\"u}ller, Christian and Seel, Christian}, publisher = {mana-Buch}, address = {Heide}, organization = {Arbeitskreis Wirtschaftsinformatikan Fachhochschulen (AKWI)}, doi = {10.15771/978-3-944330-56-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-2785}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-280, title = {Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, editor = {Barton, Thomas and Herrmann, Frank and Meister, Vera G. and M{\"u}ller, Christian and Seel, Christian and Steffens, Ulrike}, publisher = {mana-Buch}, address = {Heide}, organization = {Arbeitskreis Wirtschaftsinformatik an Hochschulen f{\"u}r angewandte Wissenschaften}, doi = {10.15771/10.15771/978-3-944330-59-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-2809}, subject = {Wirtschaftsinformatik}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-286, title = {Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik 2019}, editor = {Wolf, Martin R. and Barton, Thomas and Herrmann, Frank and Meister, Vera G. and M{\"u}ller, Christian and Seel, Christian}, publisher = {mana-Buch}, address = {Heide}, organization = {Arbeitskreis Wirtschaftsinformatik an Hochschulen f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften im deutschsprachigen Raum (AKWI)}, doi = {10.15771/978-3-944330-62-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-2864}, subject = {Wirtschaftsinformatik}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GoeppelFrikelHaltmeier, author = {G{\"o}ppel, Simon and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and Haltmeier, Markus}, title = {Data-proximal Neural Networks for Limited-view CT}, series = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2025 : Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, Regensburg March 09-11, 2025}, booktitle = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2025 : Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, Regensburg March 09-11, 2025}, editor = {Palm, Christoph and Breininger, Katharina and Deserno, Thomas M. and Handels, Heinz and Maier, Andreas and Maier-Hein, Klaus H. and Tolxdorff, Thomas M.}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-47421-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-47422-5_41}, pages = {185 -- 190}, abstract = {Limited-angle computed tomography (CT) requires solving an inverse problem that is both ill-conditioned and underdetermined. In recent years, learned reconstruction methods have proven highly effective in addressing this challenge. Most of these methods follow a two-step process: first, an initial reconstruction method is applied to the data to generate an auxiliary reconstruction; second, a neural network is used to map the auxiliary reconstruction closer to the ground truth images. However, when applied to unseen data, there are no guarantees that the network's output will remain consistent with the available measurement data. To address this, we recently introduced a data-proximal network architecture. In this paper, we implement this approach for limited-angle CT and compare its performance with a standard residual network and a null space network.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SeligBauerFrikeletal., author = {Selig, Tim and Bauer, Patrick and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and M{\"a}rz, Thomas and Storath, Martin and Weinmann, Andreas}, title = {Two-stage Approach for Low-dose and Sparse-angle CT Reconstruction using Backprojection}, series = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2025 (BVM 2025): Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, Regensburg March 09-11, 2025}, booktitle = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2025 (BVM 2025): Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, Regensburg March 09-11, 2025}, editor = {Palm, Christoph and Breininger, Katharina and Deserno, Thomas M. and Handels, Heinz and Maier, Andreas and Maier-Hein, Klaus H. and Tolxdorff, Thomas M.}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-47421-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-47422-5_67}, pages = {286 -- 291}, abstract = {This paper presents a novel two-stage approach for computed tomography (CT) reconstruction, focusing on sparse-angle and low-dose setups to minimize radiation exposure while maintaining high image quality. Two-stage approaches consist of an initial reconstruction followed by a neural network for image refinement. In the initial reconstruction, we apply the backprojection (BP) instead of the traditional filtered backprojection (FBP). This enhances computational speed and offers potential advantages for more complex geometries, such as fan-beam and cone-beam CT. Additionally, BP addresses noise and artifacts in sparse-angle CT by leveraging its inherent noise-smoothing effect, which reduces streaking artifacts common in FBP reconstructions. For the second stage, we fine-tune the DRUNet proposed by Zhang et al. to further improve reconstruction quality. We call our method BP-DRUNet and evaluate its performance on a synthetically generated ellipsoid dataset alongside thewell-established LoDoPaBCT dataset. Our results show that BP-DRUNet produces competetive results in terms of PSNR and SSIM metrics compared to the FBP-based counterpart, FBPDRUNet, and delivers visually competitive results across all tested angular setups.}, language = {en} } @article{HillebrandWestnerMatschi, author = {Hillebrand, Patrick and Westner, Markus and Matschi, Markus}, title = {Schl{\"u}sselfaktoren erfolgreicher CIOs}, series = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, volume = {59}, journal = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1365/s40702-022-00867-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-33751}, pages = {762 -- 779}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Schl{\"u}sselfaktoren erfolgrei- cher CIOs in deutschen Großunternehmen. Mit einer mittleren Verweildauer (Median) von 4,0 Jahren weisen deutsche CIOs, die mit 43 \% noch {\"u}berwiegend an den CFO berichten, im Vergleich zu anderen C-Level-Positionen eine deutlich k{\"u}rzere Verweildauer im Amt auf. Die Ergebnisse aus 60 Interviews mit erfolgreichen deutschsprachigen CIOs, die prim{\"a}r {\"u}ber eine {\"u}berdurchschnittlich lange Verweildauer verf{\"u}gen, lassen verschiedene Schl{\"u}sselfaktoren f{\"u}r den Erfolg erkennen: Grundvoraussetzung ist stets die Gew{\"a}hrleistung eines sicheren und effizienten IT-Betriebs. {\"U}ber effektive und innovative Change-Projekte machen die interviewten CIOs den IT-Mehrwert transparent und agieren als Br{\"u}ckenbauer zwischen IT und Fachbereichen. Dadurch wirken sie positiv auf die Firmenkultur ein und etablieren die IT nachhaltig in den Fachbereichen als Erfolgsfaktor. Erfolgreiche CIOs selbst sind keine „Techies", sondern zeichnen sich durch hohe F{\"u}hrungskompetenz und ein hohes Gesch{\"a}ftsverst{\"a}ndnis, gepaart mit vision{\"a}rem Denken aus. Dadurch gelingt es ihnen, die IT zukunftsorientiert auszurichten und Anforderungen und Potenziale f{\"u}r und aus den Fachbereichen fr{\"u}hzeitig zu antizipieren. Die zuk{\"u}nftige Entwicklung der CIO-Organisation und der Paradigmen in der IT wird durch die Studienteilnehmer hingegen teilweise kontrovers diskutiert - so gibt es beispielsweise bei der Beurteilung der Sinnhaftigkeit und Relevanz der CDO-Position noch kein einheitliches Meinungsbild.}, language = {de} } @article{HillebrandWestnerMatschi, author = {Hillebrand, Patrick and Westner, Markus and Matschi, Markus}, title = {Key factors of successful CIOs}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-66882}, pages = {22}, abstract = {This study examines key factors of successful CIOs in large German companies. With a median tenure of 4.0 years, German CIOs, most of whom (43\%) still report to the CFO, have a significantly shorter tenure compared to other C‑level positions. The results of 60 interviews with successful German-speaking CIOs, who primarily have an above-average tenure, reveal various key factors for successful CIOs: The foundation for success is to ensure secure and efficient IT operations. Through effective and innovative change pro-jects, the CIOs interviewed make the added value of IT transparent and act as bridge-builders between IT and the business. In this way, they have a positive impact on the corporate culture and establish IT as a success factor in the business in the long term. Successful CIOs themselves are not "techies" but are characterized by a high level of leadership competence and a high level of business expertise, coupled with visionary thinking. This enables them to align IT in a future-oriented manner and to anticipate de-mands and potential for and from the business units at an early stage. The future devel-opment of the CIO organization and the paradigms in IT, on the other hand, was discussed controversially by some of the study participants—for example, there is still no uniform opinion on the relevance of the CDO position.}, language = {en} } @misc{HornPippigRaptisetal., author = {Horn, L. C and Pippig, S. and Raptis, Georgios and Fischer, Uta and Kohler, U. and Hentschel, Bettina and Martin, Rosemarie}, title = {00083 PAI-1 AND UFA AS PARAMETERS OF TUMORASSOCIATED PROTEOLYSIS IN CERVICAL CARCINOMA}, series = {International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer}, volume = {15}, journal = {International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer}, number = {Suppl 2}, publisher = {BMJ}, issn = {1048-891X}, doi = {10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200509001-00083}, language = {en} } @article{SchuheggerKaraGalkaetal., author = {Schuhegger, Lukas and Kara, Sinan and Galka, Stefan and D{\"u}nnweber, Jan and Meißner, Sebastian}, title = {Umzugsplanung mit Fabrikdatenmodellen und Virtual Reality}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb}, volume = {119}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb}, number = {11}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, issn = {2511-0896}, doi = {10.1515/zwf-2024-1154}, pages = {799 -- 804}, abstract = {Angesichts eines dynamischen industriellen Umfelds m{\"u}ssen produzierende Unternehmen flexibel bleiben und sich kontinuierlich anpassen, um ihre Wettbewerbsf{\"a}higkeit zu erhalten. Eine effektive Planung von Restrukturierungen in Produktionssystemen, oft als Umzugsplanung bezeichnet, ist entscheidend, um Verz{\"o}gerungen zu vermeiden und Stillstandszeiten zu minimieren. Die Identifikation von Umzugsf{\"a}llen, welche den Umfang umzuziehender Ressourcen wie Maschinen, Anlagen, Ausr{\"u}stungen und Arbeitspl{\"a}tzen beschreiben und die Definition zugeh{\"o}riger Aufgaben sind essenzielle Schritte der Umzugsplanung. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Vorgehensweise zur Bestimmung von Umzugsf{\"a}llen mittels eines Fabrikdatenmodells vor, erg{\"a}nzt durch eine Visualisierung in Virtual Reality, um Planende bei der Umzugsplanung zu unterst{\"u}tzen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FranzZuritaDiefenthaleretal., author = {Franz, Maja and Zurita, P{\´i}a and Diefenthaler, Markus and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Co-Design of Quantum Hardware and Algorithms in Nuclear and High Energy Physics}, series = {EPJ Web of Conferences}, volume = {295}, booktitle = {EPJ Web of Conferences}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, doi = {10.1051/epjconf/202429512002}, abstract = {Quantum computing (QC) has emerged as a promising technology, and is believed to have the potential to advance nuclear and high energy physics (NHEP) by harnessing quantum mechanical phenomena to accelerate computations. In this paper, we give a brief overview of the current state of quantum computing by highlighting challenges it poses and opportunities it offers to the NHEP community. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, while limited by imperfections and small scale, may hold promise for near-term quantum advantages when coupled with co-designed quantum algorithms and special-purpose quantum processing units (QPUs). We explore various applications in NHEP, including quantum simulation, event classification, and realtime experiment control, emphasising the potential of variational quantum circuits and related techniques. To identify current interests of the community, we perform an analysis of recent literature in NHEP related to QC.}, language = {en} } @misc{HaugLauerMeusslingSentpalietal., author = {Haug, Sonja and Lauer, Norina and Meussling-Sentpali, Annette and Mohr, Christa and Pfingsten, Andrea and Raptis, Georgios and Weber, Karsten and Bahr, Gudrun and Currle, Edda and Ettl, Katrin and Frommeld, Debora and Greiner, Nina and Kudienko, Natalie and Lichtenauer, Norbert and Middel, Luise and M{\"u}cke, Vanessa and Popp, Christof}, title = {Telepr{\"a}senzroboter f{\"u}r die Pflege und Unterst{\"u}tzung von Schlaganfallpatinnen und -patienten (TePUS)}, series = {Virtuelle Tagung "DeinHaus 4.0 Oberpfalz", 2020, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, journal = {Virtuelle Tagung "DeinHaus 4.0 Oberpfalz", 2020, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, language = {de} } @article{PolzGlawionGebissoetal., author = {Polz, Julius and Glawion, Luca and Gebisso, Hiob and Altenstrasser, Lukas and Graf, Maximilian and Kunstmann, Harald and Vogl, Stefanie and Chwala, Christian}, title = {Temporal Super-Resolution, Ground Adjustment, and Advection Correction of Radar Rainfall Using 3-D-Convolutional Neural Networks}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, volume = {62}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2024.3371577}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Weather radars are highly sophisticated tools for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) and provide observations with unmatched spatial representativeness. However, their indirect measurement of precipitation high above ground leads to strong systematic errors compared to direct rain gauge measurements. Additionally, the temporal undersampling from 5-min instantaneous radar measurements requires advection correction. We present ResRadNet, a 3-D-convolutional residual neural network approach, to reduce these errors and, at the same time, increase the temporal resolution of the radar rainfall fields by a 5-min short-range prediction of 1-min time-steps. The network is trained to process spatiotemporal sequences of radar rainfall estimates from a composite product derived from 17 C-band weather radars in Germany. In contrast to previous approaches, we present a method that emphasizes the generation of spatiotemporally consistent and advection-corrected country-wide rainfall maps. Our approach significantly increased the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of the radar product (from 0.63 to 0.74) and decreased the root mean squared error (mse) by 22\% when compared to 247 rain gauges at a 5-min resolution. An additional large-scale comparison to eight years of data from 1138 independent manual daily gauges confirmed that the improvement is robust and transferable to new locations. Overall, our study shows the benefits of using 3-D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for weather radar rainfall estimation to provide 1-min, ground-adjusted, that is, bias-corrected with respect to on-ground sensors, and advection-corrected radar rainfall estimates.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HecknerFuchsRaabetal., author = {Heckner, Markus and Fuchs, Markus and Raab, F. and Wolff, Christian}, title = {Monitoring students' mobile app coding behavior data analysis based on IDE and browser interaction logs}, series = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON, 03-05 April 2014, Istanbul, Turkey}, booktitle = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON, 03-05 April 2014, Istanbul, Turkey}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2014.6826202}, pages = {892 -- 899}, abstract = {This paper describes a case study of assessing student's coding behavior and skills in a realistic development setting. Students had to solve typical programming problems in the context of app development for the Android platform using the Eclipse IDE. Data was analyzed using IDE as well as browser interaction logs. In addition, screen recordings of the students' interaction with the IDE provide further insight. In this paper we present the first results of our ongoing work.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KunhardtZerthEberletal., author = {Kunhardt, Horst and Zerth, J{\"u}rgen and Eberl, Inge and Flemming, Daniel and Hilbert, Josef and Weber, Karsten and Kohls, Niko and Rester, David and Engel, Lars and Engel, Christian}, title = {Hochschulinitiative f{\"u}r eine personenzentrierte und nachhaltige Gestaltung von Technik und Digitalisierung in der Pflege - Wege von der Anwendungsforschung zur Implementierung und Evaluierung in der Praxis und Lebenswelt}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.32095.64160}, abstract = {The professors from universities and universities of applied sciences and their educational partners who support this initiative are all joined by a research agenda and a sense of responsibility, according to which it is essential for applied research to further explore the effects of technological assistance systems and digital solutions in and for realistic settings with theoretically and methodologically sound and scientific support, based on the highest possible level of evidence, and to make a contribution to evidence-based translation and transferability to society.}, language = {mul} } @article{ReichenederWestnerMatschi, author = {Reicheneder, Matthias and Westner, Markus and Matschi, Markus}, title = {IT-Near- und Offshoring in deutschen Großunternehmen: Aktueller Stand, Motive und Auswahlkriterien}, series = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, journal = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1436-3011}, doi = {10.1365/s40702-025-01150-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79582}, pages = {19}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die aktuelle IT-Near- und Offshoring-Praxis in deutschen Großunternehmen. Daf{\"u}r wurden 33 CIOs und IT-F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte mittels Interviews befragt. Haupttreiber der geografischen Verlagerung von IT-Services ins Ausland ist die Ressourcenverf{\"u}gbarkeit in anderen L{\"a}ndern, bedingt durch den Fachkr{\"a}ftemangel in Deutschland. Dies trifft auch auf die Auswahl geeigneter IT-Services f{\"u}r das Near- und Offshoring zu. W{\"a}hrend IT-Near- und Offshoring historisch prim{\"a}r aufgrund von Kosteneinsparungen initiiert wurde, spielt dieser Aspekt heute eine untergeordnete Rolle. Die Interviewteilnehmer und -teilnehmerinnen sehen in Kosteneinsparungen zwar immer noch einen positiven Effekt, erwarten aber, dass dieser in Zukunft aufgrund der Angleichung des Kostenniveaus schwinden wird. Die Unternehmen verlagern haupts{\"a}chlich Applikationsbetrieb und -entwicklung, erkennen jedoch zunehmend das Potenzial, auch h{\"o}herwertige Aufgaben, z. B. Projektmanagement und Unternehmensarchitekturmanagement, aus geografisch entfernteren L{\"a}ndern erbringen zu lassen. Unternehmen, die ausschließlich IT-Nearshoring betreiben, erbringen weniger als ein Drittel ihrer IT-Services aus nahegelegenen L{\"a}ndern. Firmen mit IT-Offshoring-Pr{\"a}senzen weisen einen h{\"o}heren IT-Near‑/Offshoringgrad auf und verlagern knapp die H{\"a}lfte der eigenen IT-Serviceerbringung ins Ausland. Die beliebtesten L{\"a}nder sind Portugal f{\"u}r das Nearshoring und Indien f{\"u}r das Offshoring.}, language = {de} } @article{MauererJoblinTamburrietal., author = {Mauerer, Wolfgang and Joblin, Mitchell and Tamburri, Damian and Paradis, Carlos and Kazman, Rick and Apel, Sven}, title = {In Search of Socio-Technical Congruence: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Study}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE)}, volume = {48}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE)}, number = {8}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/TSE.2021.3082074}, pages = {3159 -- 3184}, abstract = {This paper describes a large-scale empirical study investigating the relevance of socio-technical congruence over key basic software quality metrics, namely, bugs and churn. That is, we explore whether alignment or misalignment of social communication structures and technical dependencies in large software projects influences software quality. To this end, we have defined a quantitative and operational notion of socio-technical congruence, which we call /socio-technical motif congruence/ (STMC). STMC is a measure of the degree to which developers working on the same file or on two related files, need to communicate. As socio-technical congruence is a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon, the interpretability of the results is one of our main concerns, so we have employed a careful mixed-methods statistical analysis. In particular, we provide analyses with similar techniques as employed by seminal work in the field to ensure comparability of our results with the existing body of work. The major result of our study, based on an analysis of 25 large open-source projects, is that STMC is /not/ related to project quality measures---software bugs and churn---in any temporal scenario. That is, we find no statistical relationship between the alignment of developer tasks and developer communications on one hand, and project outcomes on the other hand. We conclude that, wherefore congruence does matter as literature shows, then its measurable effect lies elsewhere.}, language = {en} } @misc{HaugLauerMeusslingSentpalietal., author = {Haug, Sonja and Lauer, Norina and Meussling-Sentpali, Annette and Mohr, Christa and Pfingsten, Andrea and Raptis, Georgios and Weber, Karsten and Bahr, Gudrun and Currle, Edda and Ettl, Katrin and Frommeld, Debora and Greiner, Nina and Kudienko, Natalie and Lichtenauer, Norbert and Middel, Luise and M{\"u}cke, Vanessa and Popp, Christof}, title = {TePUS - Telepr{\"a}senzroboter f{\"u}r die Pflege}, series = {TRIOKON 2020 : Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft in Ostbayern, 29.09.2019, Landshut}, journal = {TRIOKON 2020 : Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft in Ostbayern, 29.09.2019, Landshut}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GabrielWittmannHackeretal., author = {Gabriel, Christian and Wittmann, Christoffer and Hacker, B. and Mauerer, Wolfgang and Huntington, E. and Sabuncu, M. and Marquardt, Christoph and Leuchs, Gerd}, title = {A high-speed secure quantum random number generator based on vacuum states}, series = {IEEE/OSA Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 06-11 May 2012, San Jose CA USA}, booktitle = {IEEE/OSA Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 06-11 May 2012, San Jose CA USA}, publisher = {Optical Society of America}, abstract = {A high-speed continuous-variable quantum random bit generator with an expected effective bit generation rate of up to 10 GBit/s is presented. The obtained bit sequences are truly random and unique, i.e. they cannot be known by an adversary.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ramsauer, author = {Ramsauer, Ralf}, title = {OSS Architecture for Mixed-Criticality Systems}, publisher = {Leibniz Universit{\"a}t Hannover}, pages = {188}, abstract = {Computer-based automation in industrial appliances led to a growing number of logically dependent, but physically separated embedded control units per appliance. Many of those components are safety-critical systems, and require adherence to safety standards, which is inconsonant with the relentless demand for features in those appliances. Features lead to a growing amount of control units per appliance, and to a increasing complexity of the overall software stack, being unfavourable for safety certifications. Modern CPUs provide means to revise traditional separation of concerns design primitives: the consolidation of systems, which yields new engineering challenges that concern the entire software and system stack. Multi-core CPUs favour economic consolidation of formerly separated systems with one efficient single hardware unit. Nonetheless, the system architecture must provide means to guarantee the freedom from interference between domains of different criticality. System consolidation demands for architectural and engineering strategies to fulfil requirements (e.g., real-time or certifiability criteria) in safety-critical environments. In parallel, there is an ongoing trend to substitute ordinary proprietary base platform software components by mature OSS variants for economic and engineering reasons. There are fundamental differences of processual properties in development processes of OSS and proprietary software. OSS in safety-critical systems requires development process assessment techniques to build an evidence-based fundament for certification efforts that is based upon empirical software engineering methods. In this thesis, I will approach from both sides: the software and system engineering perspective. In the first part of this thesis, I focus on the assessment of OSS components: I develop software engineering techniques that allow to quantify characteristics of distributed OSS development processes. I show that ex-post analyses of software development processes can be used to serve as a foundation for certification efforts, as it is required for safety-critical systems. In the second part of this thesis, I present a system architecture based on OSS components that allows for consolidation of mixed-criticality systems on a single platform. Therefore, I exploit virtualisation extensions of modern CPUs to strictly isolate domains of different criticality. The proposed architecture shall eradicate any remaining hypervisor activity in order to preserve realtime capabilities of the hardware by design, while guaranteeing strict isolation across domains.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidbauerWinterspergerLobeetal., author = {Schmidbauer, Lukas and Wintersperger, Karen and Lobe, Elisabeth and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Polynomial Reduction Methods and their Impact on QAOA Circuits}, series = {IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW), 7-13 July 2024, Shenzhen, China}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW), 7-13 July 2024, Shenzhen, China}, doi = {10.1109/QSW62656.2024.00018}, pages = {35 -- 45}, abstract = {Abstraction layers are of paramount importance in software architecture, as they shield the higher-level formulation of payload computations from lower-level details. Since quantum computing (QC) introduces many such details that are often unaccustomed to computer scientists, an obvious desideratum is to devise appropriate abstraction layers for QC. For discrete optimisation, one such abstraction is to cast problems in quadratic unconstrained binary optimisation (QUBO) form, which is amenable to a variety of quantum approaches. However, different mathematically equivalent forms can lead to different behaviour on quantum hardware, ranging from ease of mapping onto qubits to performance scalability. In this work, we show how using higher-order problem formulations (that provide better expressivity in modelling optimisation tasks than plain QUBO formulations) and their automatic transformation into QUBO form can be used to leverage such differences to prioritise between different desired non-functional properties for quantum optimisation. Based on a practically relevant use-case and a graph-theoretic analysis, we evaluate how different transformation approaches influence widely used quantum performance metrics (circuit depth, gates count, gate distribution, qubit scaling), and also consider the classical computational efforts required to perform the transformations, as they influence possibilities for achieving future quantum advantage. Furthermore, we establish more general properties and invariants of the transformation methods. Our quantitative study shows that the approach allows us to satisfy different trade-offs, and suggests various possibilities for the future construction of general-purpose abstractions and automatic generation of useful quantum circuits from high-level problem descriptions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VoelklMelzerDuennweberetal., author = {V{\"o}lkl, Jakob and Melzer, Matthias and D{\"u}nnweber, Jan and Sarkar, Amitrajit}, title = {Dynamic Route Planning for a Data Collecting Luggage Transport Service}, series = {18th IEEE International Conference on Control \& Automation, June 18-21, 2024, Reykjav{\´i}k, Iceland}, booktitle = {18th IEEE International Conference on Control \& Automation, June 18-21, 2024, Reykjav{\´i}k, Iceland}, publisher = {IEEE}, abstract = {Control and Automation of services of the urban infrastructure offered to citizens and tourists are elementary parts of a smart city. But both rely on a stable supply of data from sensors spread across the whole city, e. g., the fill level sensors of waste bins needed for a waste management tool which we developed in a collaboration with the Regensburg city council for the on-demand collection of waste bins. Europe has a lot of historic cities like Regensburg with narrow streets and huge building walls, some made from granite and fieldstones, which often represents an insurmountable obstacle to wireless data transmission. The reduction of the road traffic volume poses an additional challenge for city planners. By means of networked planning and simulation software, the situation, state and efficiency of citywide logistic services can be monitored and optimized. In the course of such optimizations, we propose the combination of digital and logistic services. As an example, we show that monitoring state information, such as the waste bin fill levels, can be accomplished using the same vehicles and the same planning software, that is used for luggage transportation. Moreover, we describe how we adapted a solver for a variant of the TSP, namely the prize-collecting traveling salesman, to optimize the route planning dynamically.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{BorgFrikelJorgensenetal., author = {Borg, Leise and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and J{\o}rgensen, Jakob Sauer and Quinto, Eric Todd}, title = {Theorems that Characterize Artifacts for Arbitrary Limited X-ray CT Data}, edition = {version 6}, abstract = {This article provides a mathematical classification of artifacts from arbitrary incom-plete X-ray tomography data when using the classical filtered backprojection algorithm. Usingmicrolocal analysis, we prove that all artifacts arise from points at the boundary of the data set.Our results show that, depending on the geometry of the data set boundary, two types of artifactscan arise: object-dependent and object-independent artifacts. The object-dependent artifacts aregenerated by singularities of the object being scanned and these artifacts can extend all along lines.This is a generalization of the streak artifacts observed in limited angle CT. The article also char-acterizes two new phenomena: the object-independent artifacts are caused only by the geometryof the data set boundary; they occur along lines if the boundary of the data set is not smooth andalong curves if the boundary of the data set is smooth. In addition to the geometric descriptionof artifacts, the article also provides characterizations of their strength in Sobolev scale in certaincases. Moreover, numerical reconstructions from simulated and real data are presented illustratingour theorems.This work is motivated by a reconstruction we present from a synchrotron data set in whichartifacts along lines appeared that were independent of the object.The results of this article apply to a wide range of well-known incomplete data problems, in-cluding limited angle CT and region of interest tomography, as well as to unconventional x-ray CTimaging setups. Some of those problems are explicitly addressed in this article, theoretically and numerically.}, language = {en} } @article{WalterSchmidtKoerkel, author = {Walter, Sebastian F. and Schmidt, Andreas and K{\"o}rkel, Stefan}, title = {Adjoint-based optimization of experimental designs with many control variables}, series = {Journal of Process Control}, volume = {24}, journal = {Journal of Process Control}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0959-1524}, doi = {10.1016/j.jprocont.2014.06.019}, pages = {1504 -- 1515}, abstract = {We propose a method for an efficient optimization of experimental designs, using a combination of discrete adjoint computations, Taylor arithmetic and matrix calculus. Compared to the state of the art of using finite differences or the forward mode of automatic differentiation, our proposed approach leads to a reduction of the relative temporal complexity from linear to constant time in the number of control variables and measurement weights. We demonstrate that the advantageous complexity results are not only of theoretical nature, but lead to significant speedups in practice as well. With our implementation we are very close to the theoretical bound of the cheap gradient principle. We present one academic (spatially discretized heat equation) and two industrial application examples (biochemical process/Diesel-oxidation catalysis process) where we achieve speedups that range between 10 and 100. In addition to our core results, we also describe an efficient adjoint approach for the treatment of differential algebraic equations and present adjoint formulas for constrained least-squares problems.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BorgJorgensenFrikeletal., author = {Borg, Leise and J{\o}rgensen, Jakob Sauer and Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and Quinto, Eric Todd and Sporring, Jon}, title = {Reducing artifacts from varying projection truncations}, series = {3rd International Conference on Tomography of Materials and Structures, Lund, Sweden, 26-30 June 2017, ICTMS2017-65-1}, booktitle = {3rd International Conference on Tomography of Materials and Structures, Lund, Sweden, 26-30 June 2017, ICTMS2017-65-1}, abstract = {We study samples with full and partial occlusion causing streak artifacts, and propose two mod-ifications of filtered backprojection for artifact removal. Data is obtained by the SPring-8 synchrotron using a monochromatic parallel-beam scan [1]. Thresholding in the sinogram segments the metal, resulting in edges on which we apply 1) a smooth transition, or 2) a Dirichlet boundary condition.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FrikelQuinto, author = {Frikel, J{\"u}rgen and Quinto, Eric Todd}, title = {Artifacts in limited view tomography}, series = {Oberwolfach Reports}, volume = {11}, booktitle = {Oberwolfach Reports}, number = {3}, editor = {Burger, Martin and Quinto, Eric Todd and Louis, Alfred K.}, doi = {10.4171/OWR/2014/37}, pages = {2047 -- 2114}, language = {en} } @incollection{BaumannHusseinMeyerSickendiek, author = {Baumann, Timo and Hussein, Hussein and Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard}, title = {Free Verse Prosodies: Identifying and Classifying Spoken Poetry Using Literary and Computational Perspectives (Rhythmicalizer)}, series = {Mixing Methods: Practical Insights from the Humanities in the Digital Age}, booktitle = {Mixing Methods: Practical Insights from the Humanities in the Digital Age}, editor = {Schneider, Birgit and L{\"o}ffler, Beate and Mager, Tino and Hein, Carola}, publisher = {Bielefeld University Press}, address = {Bielefeld}, doi = {10.1515/9783839469132-018}, pages = {167 -- 186}, abstract = {At least 80\% of modern and postmodern poems exhibit neither rhyme nor metrical schemes such as iamb or trochee. However, does this mean that they are free of any rhythmical features?TheUS American research onfree verse prosody claimsthe opposite: Modern poets like Whitman, the Imagists, the Beat poets and contemporary Slam poets have developed a postmetrical idea of prosody, using rhythmical features of everyday language, prose, and musical styles like Jazz or Hip Hop. It has spawned a large and complex variety intheir poetic prosodies which,however,appearto bemuchharderto quantify and regularize than traditional patterns. In our project, we examinethe largest portal for spoken poetry Lyrikline and analysed and classified such rhythmical patterns by using pattern recognition and classification techniques. We integrate a human-in-the-loop approach in which we interleave manual annotation with computational modelling and data-based analysis. Our results are integrated into the website of Lyrikline. Our follow-up project makes our research results available to a wider audience, in particular to high school-level teaching.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HuangMelzerDuennweber, author = {Huang, Wenfei and Melzer, Matthias and D{\"u}nnweber, Jan}, title = {Optimizing Smart Retail by Experiment Using an Online AI Model Exploration Interface}, series = {2024 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 15-18 December 2024, Orlando, FL, USA}, booktitle = {2024 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 15-18 December 2024, Orlando, FL, USA}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/WSC63780.2024.10838897}, pages = {2631 -- 2642}, abstract = {Smart retail technologies save grocery store operators a lot of work. At the same time, these technologies produce valuable data for building sustainable and economical inventory management strategies. AI models can be trained for sales forecasting using the data. The forecasts support the provisioning of fresh food over the whole week and help reducing food waste. In this paper, we present a Web portal which we developed to allow grocery store operators experiments with AI models revealing interrelations between observed and anticipated customer behavior. Clickable diagrams facilitate the exploration of data sets combining historical data and synthetically generated data. Pricing and ordering can be adapted accordingly to the simulated forecasts. By means of a case study, we show that our simulations are not only useful for predicting future sales but for other smart retail tasks as well.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HoessParadisKazmanetal., author = {Hoess, Nicole and Paradis, Carlos and Kazman, Rick and Mauerer, Wolfgang}, title = {Does the Tool Matter? Exploring Some Causes of Threats to Validity in Mining Software Repositories}, series = {2025 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER), Montreal, QC, Canada, March, 4-7, 2025}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER), Montreal, QC, Canada, March, 4-7, 2025}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {979-8-3315-3510-0}, doi = {10.1109/SANER64311.2025.00067}, pages = {645 -- 656}, abstract = {Software repositories are an essential source of information for software engineering research on topics such as project evolution and developer collaboration. Appropriate mining tools and analysis pipelines are therefore an indispensable precondition for many research activities. Ideally, valid results should not depend on technical details of data collection and processing. It is, however, widely acknowledged that mining pipelines are complex, with a multitude of implementation decisions made by tool authors based on their interests and assumptions. This raises the questions if (and to what extent) tools agree on their results and are interchangeable. In this study, we use two tools to extract and analyse ten large software projects, quantitatively and qualitatively comparing results and derived data to better understand this concern. We analyse discrepancies from a technical point of view, and adjust code and parametrisation to minimise replication differences. Our results indicate that despite similar trends, even simple metrics such as the numbers of commits and developers may differ by up to 500\%. We find that such substantial differences are often caused by minor technical details. We show how tool-level and data post-processing changes can overcome these issues, but find they may require considerable efforts. We summarise identified causes in our lessons learned to help researchers and practitioners avoid common pitfalls, and reflect on implementation decisions and their influence in ensuring obtained data meets explicit and implicit expectations. Our findings lead us to hypothesise that similar uncertainties exist in other analysis tools, which may limit the validity of conclusions drawn in tool-centric research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannBussAttereretal., author = {Baumann, Timo and Buß, Okko and Atterer, Michaela and Schlangen, David}, title = {Evaluating the Potential Utility of ASR N-Best Lists for Incremental Spoken Dialogue Systems}, series = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 : speech and intelligence ; 6 - 10 September, 2009, Brighton, UK}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 : speech and intelligence ; 6 - 10 September, 2009, Brighton, UK}, publisher = {ISCA}, address = {Brighton, UK}, doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2009-318}, pages = {1031 -- 1034}, abstract = {The potential of using ASR n-best lists for dialogue systems has often been recognised (if less often realised): it is often the case that even when the top-ranked hypothesis is erroneous, a bet- ter one can be found at a lower rank. In this paper, we describe metrics for evaluating whether the same potential carries over to incremental dialogue systems, where ASR output is consumed and reacted upon while speech is still ongoing. We show that even small N can provide an advantage for semantic process- ing, at a cost of a computational overhead.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BurgerSarkarKirschetal., author = {Burger, David and Sarkar, Amitrajit and Kirsch, Konstantin and D{\"u}nnweber, Jan}, title = {Combining Fill-Level Sensing with Route Optimization for a More Efficient Waste Collection}, series = {ECDG 2018 - European Conference on Digital Government, 2018, Santiago De Compostela, Spain}, booktitle = {ECDG 2018 - European Conference on Digital Government, 2018, Santiago De Compostela, Spain}, editor = {Bouzas Lorenzo, Ram{\´o}n}, isbn = {9781912764037}, pages = {24 -- 31}, abstract = {We tackle the problem that collecting all the waste of modern cities within the scheduled time spans becomes increasingly challenging, while the waste collection team is not supplemented accordingly in many places, e.g. by more staff or vehicles. Separating waste has become natural for urban populations, as recycling is ecologically necessary. However, the separation also leads to a continuously increasing number of containers which are logistically unmanageable without computer-aided collection scheduling. Regensburg recently introduced a new program for the collection of biological waste, which extends the private collection of such waste by a few hundred public biological waste containers. Computer support was pretty basic so far, i.e. the collection times were recorded and the routes were sporadically rescheduled manually in an Excel sheet. We show that much shorter waste collection routes can be found automatically using a dynamic version of the classic Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for shortening the collection routes. Moreover, we sketch an loT (lnternet-of-Things) approach to "lntelligent Waste Containers" which we equip with ultrasonic sensors monitoring the fill levels, which allows us to skip poorly used containers during the collection and reposition them on demand. By means of a computer simulation with online visualization, we illustrate that our optimized and dynamically adapted collection routes lead to significant time savings. Indeed, more than twice the number of currently used containers can be collected within the same time. We also report about the first experiments that we conducted with real sensors. The presented work is the result of a cooperation between four contributing parties: 1) Technical University of Regensburg (OTH); 2) Ara Institute of Canterbury; 3) Regensburg's Governmental Department of Waste Management; and 4) an industry partner (kpit.com). We compare the outcome of our project with related work and we sketch some future perspectives and ideas for transforming Regensburg into an even more automatized, environmentally friendly "smart city".}, language = {en} } @article{SchedlbauerRaptisLudwig, author = {Schedlbauer, J{\"u}rgen and Raptis, Georgios and Ludwig, Bernd}, title = {Medical informatics labor market analysis using web crawling, web scraping, and text mining}, series = {International Journal of Medical Informatics}, volume = {150}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Informatics}, number = {June}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1386-5056}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104453}, abstract = {Objectives The European University Association (EUA) defines "employability" as a major goal of higher education. Therefore, competence-based orientation is an important aspect of education. The representation of a standardized job profile in the field of medical informatics, which is based on the most common labor market requirements, is fundamental for identifying and conveying the learning goals corresponding to these competences. Methods To identify the most common requirements, we extracted 544 job advertisements from the German job portal, STEPSTONE. This process was conducted via a program we developed in R with the "rvest" library, utilizing web crawling, web extraction, and text mining. After removing duplicates and filtering for jobs that required a bachelor's degree, 147 job advertisements remained, from which we extracted qualification terms. We categorized the terms into six groups: professional expertise, soft skills, teamwork, processes, learning, and problem-solving abilities. Results The results showed that only 45\% of the terms are related to professional expertise, while 55\% are related to soft skills. Studies of employee soft skills have shown similar results. The most prevalent terms were programming, experience, project, and server. Our second major finding is the importance of experience, further underlining how essential practical skills are. Conclusions Previous studies used surveys and narrative descriptions. This is the first study to use web crawling, web extraction, and text mining. Our research shows that soft skills and specialist knowledge carry equal weight. The insights gained from this study may be of assistance in developing curricula for medical informatics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DuennweberSarkarPuthiyadathetal., author = {D{\"u}nnweber, Jan and Sarkar, Amitrajit and Puthiyadath, Vimal Kumar and Barde, Omkar}, title = {A Tale of Four Cities - Improving Bus and Waste Collection Schedules in Practical Smart City Applications}, series = {Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management}, booktitle = {Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management}, editor = {Saeed, Khalid and Dvorsk{\´y}, Jiř{\´i}}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-84340-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-84340-3_30}, pages = {369 -- 380}, abstract = {Computer-based Improvements of waste collection and public transport procedures are often a part of smart city initiatives. When we envision an ideal bus network, it will primarily connect the most crowded bus stops. Similarly, an ideal waste collection vehicle will arrive at every container exactly at the time when it is fully loaded. Beyond doubt, this will reduce traffic and support environmentally friendly intentions like waste separation, as it will make more containers manageable. A difficulty of putting that vision into practice is that vehicles cannot always be where they are needed. Knowing the best time for arriving at a position is not insufficient for finding the optimal route. Therefore, we compare four different approaches to optimized routing: Regensburg, Christchurch, Malaysia, and Bangalore. Our analysis shows that the best schedules result from adapting field-tested routes frequently based on sensor measurements and route optimizing computations.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StadlerSarkarDuennweber, author = {Stadler, Timo and Sarkar, Amitrajit and D{\"u}nnweber, Jan}, title = {Bus Demand Forecasting for Rural Areas Using XGBoost and Random Forest Algorithm}, series = {CISIM2021: 20th International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, September 24-26 2021, Ełk, Poland}, booktitle = {CISIM2021: 20th International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, September 24-26 2021, Ełk, Poland}, editor = {Saeed, Khalid and Dvorsk{\´y}, Jiř{\´i}}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-84340-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-84340-3_36}, pages = {442 -- 453}, abstract = {In recent years, mobility solutions have experienced a significant upswing. Consequently, it has increased the importance of forecasting the number of passengers and determining the associated demand for vehicles. We analyze all bus routes in a rural area in contrast to other work that predicts just a single bus route. Some differences in bus routes in rural areas compared to cities are highlighted and substantiated by a case study data using Roding, a town in the rural district of Cham in northern Bavaria, as an example. Data collected and we selected a random forest model that lets us determine the passenger demand, bus line effectiveness, or general user behavior. The prediction accuracy of the selected model is currently 87\%. The collected data helps to build new mobility-as-a-service solutions, such as on-call buses or dynamic route optimizations, as we show with our simulation.}, subject = {{\"O}ffentlicher Personennahverkehr}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SarkarTraubinger, author = {Sarkar, Amitrajit and Traubinger, Thomas}, title = {IS Resilience Decision Priorities at German SMEs}, series = {27th American Conference on Information Systems 2021 (AMCIS 2021): Digital Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Virtual Conference, August 9-13, 2021}, booktitle = {27th American Conference on Information Systems 2021 (AMCIS 2021): Digital Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Virtual Conference, August 9-13, 2021}, abstract = {IS resilience addresses the challenge of securing organizational information systems against disruptions to ensure the continuation of daily business processes and to guarantee the resilience of the organization as a whole. In this paper, we adopt Agency Theory and Weill's IT Governance framework to investigate the decision priorities of senior executives in the context of IS resilience planning, which falls under the broader umbrella of IT governance. The management of IS resilience involves different fields of action types and interests which decision-makers within organizations must confront. This is of special importance for small- to medium-sized companies (SMEs) where IS often is not a dedicated or small corporate function. This paper identifies distinctive character types of corporate decision-makers at SMEs in a European context and their priorities in IS resilience. The study was performed using Q-methodology. It was able to identify and describe three additional types of decision-makers in comparison to previous research thereby clearly showing that the field has progressed. These character types provide an informative insight into the priorities of IS resilience planning in SMEs and show differences and commonalities between decision-makers.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchneiderSonarWeber, author = {Schneider, Diana and Sonar, Arne and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Zwischen Automatisierung und ethischem Anspruch - Disruptive Effekte des KI-Einsatzes in und auf Professionen der Gesundheitsversorgung}, series = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz im Gesundheitswesen}, booktitle = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz im Gesundheitswesen}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-33597-7_14}, pages = {325 -- 348}, abstract = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz (KI) und algorithmische Systeme der Entscheidungsfindung entwickeln sich rapide zu wichtigen neuen Technologien in unserem t{\"a}glichen Leben und es kann kaum Zweifel geben, dass sie einen großen Einfluss auf die Gesellschaft haben - auch in Professionen der Gesundheitsversorgung. Aufgrund ihrer Wirkkraft auf vorhandene {\"o}konomische und organisatorische Strukturen werden diesen Technologien gleichzeitig disruptive Effekte auf ihre jeweiligen Anwendungsdom{\"a}nen zugesprochen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird an den Beispielen der klinischen Medizin sowie der Einzelfallhilfe der Sozialen Arbeit dargelegt, in welcher Weise KI professionelle Praxen in der Gesundheitsversorgung ver{\"a}ndert, welche Konsequenzen daraus f{\"u}r die Professionen erwachsen und welche Handlungsaufforderungen sich f{\"u}r die jeweiligen Professionen ergeben.}, language = {de} } @misc{WeberSonarGerhardsetal., author = {Weber, Karsten and Sonar, Arne and Gerhards, Helene and Bittner, Uta and Krug, Henriette and Reuter-Oppermann, Melanie and Pumplun, Luisa and M{\"u}ller, Helene and Buxmann, Peter and Schneider, Diana and Zoglauer, Thomas}, title = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz und Gesundheit}, editor = {Sonar, Arne and Weber, Karsten}, publisher = {Franz Steiner}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {978-3-515-12977-0}, doi = {10.25162/9783515129770}, abstract = {Der Einsatz von k{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz im Gesundheitsbereich verspricht besonders großen Nutzen durch eine bessere Versorgung sowie effizientere Abl{\"a}ufe und bietet damit letztlich auch {\"o}konomische Vorteile. Dem stehen unter anderem Bef{\"u}rchtungen entgegen, dass sich durch den Einsatz von k{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz das Arzt-Patienten-Verh{\"a}ltnis ver{\"a}ndern k{\"o}nnte, Arbeitspl{\"a}tze gef{\"a}hrdet seien oder die {\"O}konomisierung des Gesundheitswesens einen weiteren Schub erfahren k{\"o}nnte. Zuweilen wird die Debatte um diese Technologie, zumal in der {\"O}ffentlichkeit, emotional und fern sachlicher Argumente gef{\"u}hrt. Die Autorinnen und Autoren untersuchen die Geschichte des KI-Einsatzes in der Medizin, deren {\"o}ffentliche Wahrnehmung, Governance der KI, die M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen der Technik sowie Einsatzgebiete, die bisher noch nicht oder nur wenig im Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit waren. Dabei erweist sich die KI als leistungsf{\"a}higes Werkzeug, das zahlreiche ethische und soziale Fragen aufwirft, die bei der Einf{\"u}hrung anderer Technologien bereits gestellt wurden; allerdings gibt es auch neue Herausforderungen, denen sich Professionen, Politik und Gesellschaft stellen m{\"u}ssen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BaumannAttererSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Atterer, Michaela and Schlangen, David}, title = {Assessing and Improving the Performance of Speech Recognition for Incremental Systems}, series = {NAACL '09: Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, May 31 - June 5, 2009, Boulder, Colorado, USA}, booktitle = {NAACL '09: Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, May 31 - June 5, 2009, Boulder, Colorado, USA}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, isbn = {978-1-932432-41-1}, pages = {380 -- 388}, abstract = {In incremental spoken dialogue systems, par- tial hypotheses about what was said are re- quired even while the utterance is still ongo- ing. We define measures for evaluating the quality of incremental ASR components with respect to the relative correctness of the par- tial hypotheses compared to hypotheses that can optimize over the complete input, the tim- ingof hypothesisformationrelative to the por- tion ofthe inputthey areabout, andhypothesis stability, defined as the number of times they are revised. We show that simple incremen- tal post-processing can improve stability dra- matically, at the cost of timeliness (from 90\% of edits of hypotheses being spurious down to 10\% at a lag of 320ms). The measures are not independent,and we show how system de- signers can find a desired operating point for their ASR. To our knowledge, we are the first to suggest and examine a variety of measures for assessing incremental ASR and improve performance on this basis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannBussSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Buß, Okko and Schlangen, David}, title = {InproTK in Action: Open-Source Software for Building German-Speaking Incremental Spoken Dialogue Systems}, series = {Electronic speech signal processing 2010 : proceedings of the 21st conference, Berlin, 8 - 10 September 2010}, booktitle = {Electronic speech signal processing 2010 : proceedings of the 21st conference, Berlin, 8 - 10 September 2010}, publisher = {TUDpress}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, pages = {204 -- 211}, abstract = {We present INPROTK, a toolkit for building incremental spoken dia-logue systems. Incremental spoken dialogue systems (systems that may react whilethe user's utterance is ongoing) are a fairly recent research topic and allow for ex-citing new features. Even though toolkits exist that help in building conventionaldialogue systems, INPROTK offers both a tested architecture for building incre-mental SDSs as well as many of the building blocks necessary when building suchsystems. With INPROTK a researcher can avoid many of the technical difficulties,which hopefully further fosters research in this area.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AttererBaumannSchlangen, author = {Atterer, Michaela and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {No Sooner Said Than Done: Testing the Incrementality of Semantic Interpretations of Spontaneous Speech}, series = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 : 6 - 10 September 2009, Brighton, U.K.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 : 6 - 10 September 2009, Brighton, U.K.}, publisher = {International Speech Communication Association}, address = {Brighton, UK}, doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2009-539}, pages = {1855 -- 1858}, abstract = {Ideally, a spoken dialogue system should react without much delay to a user's utterance. Such a system would already select an object, for instance, before the user has finished her utterance about moving this particular object to a particular place. A prerequisite for such a prompt reaction is that semantic representations are built up on the fly and passed on to other modules. Few approaches to incremental semantics construction exist, and, to our knowledge, none of those has been systematically tested on a spontaneous speech corpus. In this paper, we develop measures to test empirically on transcribed spontaneous speech to what extent we can create semantic interpretation on the fly with an incremental semantic chunker that builds a frame semantics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Predicting the Micro-Timing of User Input for an Incremental Spoken Dialogue System that Completes a User's Ongoing Turn}, series = {SIGDIAL 2011 Conference, 12th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Co-located with ACL HLT 2011, Portland, Oregon, 17 - 18 June 2011}, booktitle = {SIGDIAL 2011 Conference, 12th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Co-located with ACL HLT 2011, Portland, Oregon, 17 - 18 June 2011}, publisher = {Curran}, address = {Red Hook, NY}, isbn = {978-1-61839-242-8}, pages = {120 -- 129}, abstract = {We present the novel task of predicting tem-poral features of continuations of user input,while that input is still ongoing. We show that the remaining duration of an ongoing word, aswell as the duration of the next can be predicted reasonably well, and we put this information touse in a system that synchronously completesa user's speech. While we focus on collaborative completions, the techniques presented here may also be useful for the alignment of back-channels and immediate turn-taking in anincremental SDS, or to synchronously monitorthe user's speech fluency for other reasons.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuschmeierBaumannDorschetal., author = {Buschmeier, Hendrik and Baumann, Timo and Dorsch, Benjamin and Kopp, Stefan and Schlangen, David}, title = {Combining Incremental Language Generation and Incremental Speech Synthesis for Adaptive Information Presentation}, series = {SIGDIAL '12: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Seoul, South Korea, July 5 - 6, 2012}, booktitle = {SIGDIAL '12: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Seoul, South Korea, July 5 - 6, 2012}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, doi = {10.5555/2392800.2392852}, pages = {295 -- 303}, abstract = {Participants in a conversation are normally receptive to their surroundings and their interlocutors, even while they are speaking and can, if necessary, adapt their ongoing utterance. Typical dialogue systems are not receptive and cannot adapt while uttering. We present combin-able components for incremental natural lan-guage generation and incremental speech syn-thesis and demonstrate the flexibility they can achieve with an example system that adapts to a listener's acoustic understanding problems by pausing, repeating and possibly rephrasing problematic parts of an utterance. In an evaluation, this system was rated as significantly more natural than two systems representing the current state of the art that either ignore the interrupting event or just pause; it also has a lower response time.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HeintzeBaumannSchlangen, author = {Heintze, Silvan and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Comparing Local and Sequential Models for Statistical Incremental Natural Language Understanding}, series = {SIGDIAL '10: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Tokyo, Japan,September 24 - 25, 2010}, booktitle = {SIGDIAL '10: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, Tokyo, Japan,September 24 - 25, 2010}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {Tokyo, Japan}, isbn = {978-1-932432-85-5}, doi = {10.5555/1944506.1944508}, abstract = {Incremental natural language understanding is the task of assigning semantic representations to successively larger prefixes of utterances. We compare two types of statistical models for this task: a) local models, which predict a single class for an input; and b), sequential models, which align a sequence of classes to a sequence of input tokens. We show that, with some modifications, the first type of model can be improved and made to approximate the output of the second, even though the latter is more informative. We show on two different data sets that both types of model achieve comparable performance (significantly better than a baseline), with the first type requiring simpler training data. Results for the first type of model have been reported in the literature; we show that for our kind of data our more sophisticated variant of the model performs better.}, language = {en} } @article{BaumannBussSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Buß, Okko and Schlangen, David}, title = {Evaluation and Optimisation of Incremental Processors}, series = {Dialogue \& Discourse}, volume = {2}, journal = {Dialogue \& Discourse}, number = {1}, publisher = {OJS}, doi = {10.5087/dad.2011.106}, pages = {113 -- 141}, abstract = {Incremental spoken dialogue systems, which process user input as it unfolds, pose additionalengineering challenges compared to more standard non-incremental systems: Their processingcomponents must be able to accept partial, and possibly subsequently revised input, and mustproduce output that is at the same time as accurate as possible and delivered with as little delay aspossible. In this article, we define metrics that measure how well a given processor meets thesechallenges, and we identify types of gold standards for evaluation. We exemplify these metrics inthe evaluation of several incremental processors that we have developed. We also present genericmeans to optimise some of the measures, if certain trade-offs are accepted. We believe that thiswork will help enable principled comparison of components for incremental dialogue systems andportability of results.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Interactional Adequacy as a Factor in the Perception of Synthesized Speech}, series = {Proceedings of Speech Synthesis Workshop (SSW8)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Speech Synthesis Workshop (SSW8)}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, abstract = {Speaking as part of a conversation is different from reading out aloud. Speech synthesis systems, however, are typically developed using assumptions (at least implicitly) that are more true of the latter than the former situation. We address one particular aspect, which is the assumption that a fully formulated sentence is available for synthesis. We have built a system that does not make this assumption but rather can synthesize speech given incrementally extended input. In an evaluation experiment, we found that in a dynamic domain where what is talked about changes quickly, subjects rated the output of this system as more 'naturally pronounced' than that of a baseline system that employed standard synthesis, despite the synthesis quality objectively being degraded. Our results highlight the importance of considering a synthesizer's ability to support interactive use-cases when determining the adequacy of synthesized speech.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Open-ended, Extensible System Utterances Are Preferred, Even If They Require Filled Pauses}, series = {14th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL 2013) : Metz, France, 22 - 24 August 2013}, booktitle = {14th annual meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL 2013) : Metz, France, 22 - 24 August 2013}, publisher = {Curran}, address = {Red Hook, NY}, pages = {280 -- 283}, abstract = {In many environments (e. g. sports commentary), situations incrementally unfold over time and often the future appearance of a relevant event can be predicted, but not in all its details or precise timing. We have built a simulation framework that uses our incremental speech synthesis component to assemble in a timely manner complex commentary utterances. In our evaluation, the resulting output is preferred over that from a baseline system that uses a simpler commenting strategy. Even in cases where the incremental system overcommits temporally and requires a filled pause to wait for the upcoming event, the system is preferred over the baseline.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AttererBaumannSchlangen, author = {Atterer, Michaela and Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Towards Incremental End-of-Utterance Detection in Dialogue Systems}, series = {COLING '08: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Manchester United Kingdom August 18 - 22, 2008}, booktitle = {COLING '08: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Manchester United Kingdom August 18 - 22, 2008}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, isbn = {978-1-905593-44-6}, pages = {11 -- 14}, abstract = {We define the task of incremental or 0-lag utterance segmentation, that is, the task of segmenting an ongoing speech recognition stream into utterance units, and present first results. We use a combination of hidden event language model, features from an incremental parser, and acoustic / prosodic features to train classifiers on real-world conversational data (from the Switchboard corpus). The best classifiers reach an F-score of around 56\%, improving over baseline and related work.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BaumannSchlangen, author = {Baumann, Timo and Schlangen, David}, title = {Evaluating Prosodic Processing for Incremental Speech Synthesis}, series = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2012}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Interspeech 2012}, publisher = {International Speech Communication Association}, doi = {10.21437/Interspeech.2012-152}, pages = {438 -- 441}, abstract = {Incremental speech synthesis (iSS) accepts input and produces output in consecutive chunks that only together result in a full utterance. Systems that use iSS thus have the ability to adapt their utterances while they are ongoing. Having available less than the full utterance to plan the acoustic realisation has downsides, however, as global optimisation is not possible anymore. In this paper we present a strategy for incrementalizing the symbolic pre-processing component of speech synthesis and assess the influence of a reduction in "lookahead", i. e. in knowledge about the rest of the utterance, on prosodic quality. We found that high quality incremental output can be achieved even with a lookahead of slightly less than one phrase, allowing for timely system reaction.}, language = {en} }