@techreport{HuKaboutehSchlandtetal., author = {Hu, Rongbo and Kabouteh, Amir and Schlandt, Marcel and G{\"u}ttler, J{\"o}rg and Linner, Thomas and Kozak, Dominika and Walter, B. and Sch{\"a}pers, Barbara and Randriambelonoro, Mirana E.}, title = {Partly functional / functional mock-ups and prototypes of Personalised Intelligent Interior Units (PI²Us)}, abstract = {This deliverable report examines the outcome of the construction of functional or partly functional prototypes or mock-ups of Personalized Interior Intelligent Environment Units (PI²Us) for demonstration and testing purposes, associated with Task T5.4. The first part of this document will give an overview of the relation of this task to other tasks of WP5, other work packages, and the larger framework of the REACH project. The second part sets out the details of the progressive development from early concepts to the current prototyping stage. Moreover, the subsequent lab-based testing is described in the third part of the report. This includes both already carried out and planned testing activities for either early stage validation or final demonstration in a naturalistic test environment. Finally, part four summarizes the results and puts the different prototypes in perspective to the respective touchpoints and the overall REACH engine functionality. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 690425.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SteindlMittermayrThumannetal., author = {Steindl, F. and Mittermayr, Florian and Thumann, Maria and Juhart, Joachim and Galan Garcia, Isabel and Baldermann, Andre and Briendl, Lukas G. and Sakoparnig, Marlene and R{\"o}ck, Rudolf and Kusterle, Wolfgang}, title = {Sulfate resistance of dry mix shotcretes with new binder composition}, series = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, booktitle = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, pages = {3527 -- 3872}, abstract = {Improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying deleterious chemical attacks is necessary to better predict the long-term performance and durability of shotcrete in aggressive environments. In the scope of the research project "ASSpC - Advanced and Sustainable Sprayed Concrete", new durable and sustainable shotcretes and new test methods are developed. In order to increase shotcrete durability, the spray cement (specified in Austrian Guideline "Sprayed concrete") used is substituted with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). However, in the past SCMs have seen only limited use in the application of dry-mix shotcrete. This contribution presents 6 new mix designs intended to be used for dry-mix shotcrete, each with varying amounts and types of SCMs, and compares their performance and sprayability with a commercially available spray cement. As sulfate attack is one of the major threats to shotcrete (e.g. in tunnelling), the resistance of the new mixes against sulfate attack is tested using a modified version of the Swiss sulfate test according to SIA 262/1:2013. This approach provides new insights into damaging mechanisms of dry mix shotcrete in sulfate-loaded environments}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaldermannMittermayrThumannetal., author = {Baldermann, Andre and Mittermayr, Florian and Thumann, Maria and Kusterle, Wolfgang}, title = {Development of shotcrete with increased durability against thaumasite sulfate attack}, series = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, booktitle = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, pages = {3425 -- 3435}, language = {en} } @article{VonGreveDierfeldLothenbachVollprachtetal., author = {Von Greve-Dierfeld, Stefanie and Lothenbach, Barbara and Vollpracht, Anya and Wu, Bei and Huet, Bruno and Andrade, Carmen and Medina, C{\´e}sar and Thiel, Charlotte and Gruyaert, Elke and Vanoutrive, Hanne and Del Sa{\´e}z Bosque, Isabel F. and Ignjatovic, Ivan and Elsen, Jan and Provis, John L. and Scrivener, Karen and Thienel, Karl-Christian and Sideris, Kosmas and Zajac, Maciej and Alderete, Natalia and Cizer, {\"O}zlem and Van den Heede, Philip and Hooton, Robert Douglas and Kamali-Bernard, Siham and Bernal, Susan A. and Zhao, Zengfeng and Shi, Zhenguo and De Belie, Nele}, title = {Understanding the carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials}, series = {Materials and Structures}, volume = {53}, journal = {Materials and Structures}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1617/s11527-020-01558-w}, pages = {1 -- 34}, abstract = {Blended cements, where Portland cement clinker is partially replaced by supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), provide the most feasible route for reducing carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete production. However, lowering the clinker content can lead to an increasing risk of neutralisation of the concrete pore solution and potential reinforcement corrosion due to carbonation. carbonation of concrete with SCMs differs from carbonation of concrete solely based on Portland cement (PC). This is a consequence of the differences in the hydrate phase assemblage and pore solution chemistry, as well as the pore structure and transport properties, when varying the binder composition, age and curing conditions of the concretes. The carbonation mechanism and kinetics also depend on the saturation degree of the concrete and CO2 partial pressure which in turn depends on exposure conditions (e.g. relative humidity, volume, and duration of water in contact with the concrete surface and temperature conditions). This in turn influence the microstructural changes identified upon carbonation. This literature review, prepared by members of RILEM technical committee 281-CCC carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials, working groups 1 and 2, elucidates the effect of numerous SCM characteristics, exposure environments and curing conditions on the carbonation mechanism, kinetics and structural alterations in cementitious systems containing SCMs.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchmailzlLinner, author = {Schmailzl, Marc and Linner, Thomas}, title = {ReduSys - Kontaktreduzierte Pflege durch multimodale Systeme, Robotik und digitales Bauen}, series = {Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der UN im Spiegel der Wissenschaft: Beispiele aus der Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung}, booktitle = {Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der UN im Spiegel der Wissenschaft: Beispiele aus der Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung}, editor = {Heese, Carl and Sch{\"u}tz, Sandra and Obergrießer, Stefanie}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-43333-8}, issn = {2731-8834}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-43334-5_17}, pages = {301 -- 316}, abstract = {Durch die fortschreitende Digitalisierung wird der klinische bzw. pflegerische Kontext zunehmend interdisziplin{\"a}r. Im Zuge dessen wird die menschzentrierte und zugleich integrative Technologieentwicklung immer wichtiger um ad{\"a}quate und reflektierte Systeml{\"o}sungen f{\"u}r die Herausforderungen (z. B. demografischer Wandel, Fachkr{\"a}ftemangel etc.) von heute als auch morgen zu schaffen. In diesem Beitrag wird daher das Forschungsprojekt (BMBF-Projekt) ReduSys (Akronym: Kontaktreduzierte Pflege im klinischen Umfeld durch multimodale Systeme und Robotik) vorgestellt und die sozio-technischen Entwicklungen im Kontext der Nachhaltigkeit er{\"o}rtert. ReduSys strebt eine ganzheitliche Systeml{\"o}sung an, welche bestehend aus verschiedenen Technologien (z. B. Sensorik, IoT, Robotik VR etc.) den {\"U}bergang von der herk{\"o}mmlichen zur kontaktreduzierten Pflege (z. B. bei pandemischen Situationen wie der Covid-19 Pandemie) erm{\"o}glichen soll. Durch den Technologieeinsatz (z. B. kontaktlos-kontinuierliche Vitalparametererfassung via Medical Smart Bed oder humanoide Robotik via ‚Robody' etc.) sollen Pflegekr{\"a}fte nachhaltig entlastet und gleichzeitig eine bessere Patientenf{\"u}rsorge gew{\"a}hrleistet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang bildet die Fakult{\"a}t Bauingenieurwesen mit dem ‚Building Lab/Digitales Bauen' an der OTH Regensburg die Schnittstelle zwischen gebauter Umwelt und den eingesetzten digitalen und robotischen Technologien. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird der Systemansatz durch die weiteren Projektpartner komplementiert und kontinuierlich praxisnah validiert, um eine m{\"o}glichst integrative Systeml{\"o}sung zu gew{\"a}hrleisten. In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Entwicklung digitaler, als auch modularer Technologie als ‚Infill' f{\"u}r Geb{\"a}ude bzw. M{\"o}bel seitens der OTH Regensburg eingegangen, um veranschaulichen zu k{\"o}nnen, wie mit gezielten technologischen Eingriffen ein signifikanter Mehrwert f{\"u}r die klinische bzw. pflegerische Umgebung geschaffen werden kann und simultan Aspekte der {\"o}kologischen, sozialen, wie auch wirtschaftlichen Nachhaltigkeit in die technische Entwicklung miteinfließen k{\"o}nnen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KaramaraBogdanskiZoelleretal., author = {Karamara, Merve and Bogdanski, Moritz-Ole and Z{\"o}ller, Raphael and Albrecht, Sophie Viktoria and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas and Braml, Thomas}, title = {Increasing efficiency and sustainability: A comparative analysis of concrete 3D printing and traditional methods based on case studies}, series = {MATEC Web of Conferences}, volume = {409}, booktitle = {MATEC Web of Conferences}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, doi = {10.1051/matecconf/202540913005}, pages = {7}, abstract = {At the forthcoming Concrete Solutions 2025 conference, the subject of concrete 3D printing will be explored in the "Case Studies" category, with a comparison to traditional methods. Concrete 3D printing offers several significant advantages, including the ability to create complex geometries, increased material efficiency, faster build times and cost savings. These are particularly important in the context of the current skilled labour shortage and emphasis on resource efficiency in construction. Nevertheless, challenges persist in the areas of machine reliability, process integration, and material adaptation to meet the requirements of 3D printing. The case studies will present modular and design-engineering-based strategies for the development of efficient, scalable automation solutions that integrate 3D printing into existing processes and allow for project-specific customisation through selective automation. These findings provide a robust framework for industrial applications that enhance efficiency and adaptability. By comparing concrete 3D printing to conventional methods, the insights offer a foundation for advancing automated production in construction, promoting scalable, resource-efficient, and economically sustainable practices that address the industry's evolving demands.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SykoraDiamantidisMarkovaetal., author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Diamantidis, Dimitris and Markov{\´a}, Jana and Masciotta, Maria Giovanna}, title = {Optimizing in-situ testing for historic masonry structures: a case study}, series = {International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) : Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 20-22 March 2019, Rovinj, Croatia}, booktitle = {International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) : Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 20-22 March 2019, Rovinj, Croatia}, editor = {Baričević, Ana and Jelčić Rukavina, Marija and Damjanović, Domagoi and Guadagnini, Maurizio}, publisher = {RILEM Publications}, isbn = {978-1-5108-9296-5}, pages = {684 -- 691}, language = {en} } @article{SakoparnigGalanSteindletal., author = {Sakoparnig, Marlene and Galan, Isabel and Steindl, Florian Roman and Kusterle, Wolfgang and Juhart, Joachim and Grengg, Cyrill and Briendl, Lukas G. and Saxer, Andreas and Thumann, Maria and Mittermayr, Florian}, title = {Durability of clinker reduced shotcrete: Ca2+ leaching, sintering, carbonation and chloride penetration}, series = {Materials and structures}, volume = {54}, journal = {Materials and structures}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1617/s11527-021-01644-7}, pages = {1 -- 23}, abstract = {The reduction of clinker use is mandatory to lower the negative environmental impact of concrete. In shotcrete mixes, similarly to the case of conventional concrete, the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and proper mix design allow for the substitution of clinker without compromising the mechanical properties. However, the impact of the substitution on the durability of shotcrete needs to be further assessed and understood. The results from the present study, obtained from real-scale sprayed concrete applications, show a reduction of the Ca2+ leaching and sintering potential of clinker-reduced shotcrete mixes due to the presence of SCMs. This positive effect, crucial for low maintenance costs of tunnels, is mainly related to a reduced portlandite content, which on the other hand negatively affects the carbonation resistance of shotcrete. Additionally, the hydration of SCMs positively influences the chloride penetration resistance presumably due to a combination of microstructural changes and changes in the chloride binding capacity. Differences found in the pore size distribution of the various mixes have low impact on the determined durability parameters, in particular compared to the effect of inhomogeneities produced during shotcrete application.}, language = {en} } @article{SteindlGalanBaldermannetal., author = {Steindl, Florian Roman and Galan, Isabel and Baldermann, Andre and Sakoparnig, Marlene and Briendl, Lukas G. and Juhart, Joachim and Thumann, Maria and Dietzel, Martin and R{\"o}ck, Rudolf and Kusterle, Wolfgang and Mittermayr, Florian}, title = {Sulfate durability and leaching behaviour of dry- and wet-mix shotcrete mixes}, series = {Cement and Concrete Research}, volume = {137}, journal = {Cement and Concrete Research}, number = {November}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106180}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {Shotcrete is a material frequently used in underground constructions such as tunnels, where Ca leaching and sulfate attack are important durability issues. In this study, two test methods were employed to investigate the sulfate resistance and leaching behaviour of dry- and wet-mix shotcretes in sulfate solutions on a time-resolved basis. Tests on powdered samples showed the dissolution of AFm, portlandite and C-A-S-H, subsequently followed by the precipitation of calcite and ettringite. The extent of sulfate expansion of drill cores corresponded to the chemical response of the powder materials, particularly on the reactivity of Ca- and Al-containing hydrated cement phases. The use of high-purity metakaolin (7-10 wt\%) in the shotcrete binder significantly decreased the sulfate durability, while high amounts of other SCMs such as blast-furnace slag and silica fume (> 20 wt\%) had a positive effect on the durability of shotcrete.}, language = {en} } @article{GalanBriendlThumannetal., author = {Galan, Isabel and Briendl, Lukas G. and Thumann, Maria and Steindl, Florian and Roeck, Rudolf and Kusterle, Wolfgang and Mittermayr, Florian}, title = {Filler Effect in Shotcrete}, series = {Materials}, volume = {12}, journal = {Materials}, number = {19}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/ma12193221}, pages = {1 -- 24}, abstract = {The effects of fine limestone powder on the early hydration of cementitious systems accelerated by means of alkali-free aluminum sulfate based products, commonly used for shotcrete applications, were investigated in the course of laboratory and real scale tests. In binary (CEM I + limestone) and ternary (CEM I + limestone + slag) systems the addition of fine limestone led to an enhancement of the hydration degree and strength development at early times (<24 h). The formation of ettringite, aluminate hydrates, and C-S-H is affected by the joint action of the setting accelerator and the fine limestone. Accelerator and limestone, in combination with the cement, can be optimized to enhance ettringite and silicate reaction, in some cases coupled with aluminate reaction inhibition, to produce mixes suitable for sprayed concrete applications. Such optimization can help to reduce the cement content in the mixes without compromising the early strength development of the shotcrete.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MittermayrGalanSaadeetal.2019, author = {Mittermayr, Florian and Galan, Isabel and Saade, Marcella Ruschi Mendes and Saxer, Andreas and Kusterle, Wolfgang}, title = {"ASSpC" Shotcrete research for the needs of tomorrow}, series = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, booktitle = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, pages = {3518 -- 3872}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Shotcrete or sprayed concrete in tunneling in connection with the "New Austrian Tunneling Method" has been developed over the last decades to reach a high quality standard. However, at present the development of new shotcrete mixes is required to fulfill durability and stainability requirements, i.e. for superior performance in aggressive environments and reduction of maintenance costs. In the course of the project ASSpC ("Advanced and sustainable sprayed concrete") the research team focuses on producing and testing new and innovative shotcrete mixes using local and environmentally friendly raw materials. Sustainable and durable shotcrete with optimized mechanical and physical properties and improved chemical resistance is developed. This paper outlines the motivation for the project, gives an overview of the project structure and introduces key reaction mechanisms and environmental controls causing damage of shotcrete in tunnels.}, language = {en} } @article{SchermerMeyerLutmanetal., author = {Schermer, Detleff and Meyer, Udo Joachim and Lutman, Marjana and Triller, Petra}, title = {Shear tests on full scale storey-height specimens constructed with thermally insulating clay unit masonry with thin-layer mortar}, series = {Mauerwerk}, volume = {23}, journal = {Mauerwerk}, number = {6}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, issn = {1432-3427}, doi = {10.1002/dama.201900025}, pages = {378 -- 386}, abstract = {The paper presents results of a series of 6 in-plane shear tests on storey-height clay unit masonry panels [1] with thin-layer mortar, carried out in addition to previous test campaigns [2], [3], and [4]. The walls were constructed with unfilled thermally insulating clay units with a thermal conductivity of lambda = 0.09 W/(m . K). The current design rules for clay unit masonry according to DIN EN 1996-1-1/NA [5] are conservative compared to the presented test results for thermally insulating clay unit masonry.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SakoparnigGalanBaldermanetal., author = {Sakoparnig, Marlene and Galan, Isabel and Balderman, Andre and Steindl, Florian and Dietzel, Martin and Thumann, Maria and Saxer, Andreas and Kusterle, Wolfgang and Mittermayr, Florian}, title = {Experimental Ca leaching of shotcrete \& secondary precipitation}, series = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, booktitle = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, pages = {3488 -- 3495}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BriendlGalanSteindletal., author = {Briendl, Lukas G. and Galan, Isabel and Steindl, Florian and R{\"o}ck, Rudolf and Thumann, Maria and Juhart, Joachim and Baldermann, Andre and Mittermayr, Florian and Kusterle, Wolfgang}, title = {Hydration processes of accelerated cementitious systems governing early strength development}, series = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, booktitle = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, pages = {714 -- 724}, language = {en} } @article{SchermerSchmalzMeyeretal., author = {Schermer, Detleff and Schmalz, Jonathan and Meyer, Udo Joachim and Gams, Matija and Lutman, Marjana and Triller, Petra}, title = {Shear tests on thermal insulating clay unit masonry walls with thin layer mortar}, series = {Mauerwerk}, volume = {22}, journal = {Mauerwerk}, number = {6}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn, a Wiley brand}, doi = {10.1002/dama.201800028}, pages = {385 -- 398}, abstract = {The paper presents the results of 20 shear tests on full scale thermal insulating clay unit masonry walls. The types of units used (units with large chambers filled with mineral wool pads and units with small corings filled with mineral wool granulate) as well as the tested wall geometries and vertical loads are representative of the most common wall constructions currently used in housing in Germany. The aim of the investigations was the verification of the shear -resistance of thermal insulating clay unit masonry under realistic conditions and comparison with the design rules in the codes and national technical approvals. The current design rules for clay unit masonry in DIN EN 1996-1-1/NA are rather conservative compared to the test results for thermal insulating units.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JuhartBriendlRoecketal., author = {Juhart, Joachim and Briendl, Lukas G. and R{\"o}ck, Rudolf and Galan, Isabel and Thumann, Maria and Mittermayr, Florian and Kusterle, Wolfgang}, title = {Performance optimization of shotcrete by combined fillers}, series = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, booktitle = {ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik}, pages = {1387 -- 3872}, language = {en} } @article{SakoparnigGalanKusterleetal., author = {Sakoparnig, Marlene and Galan, Isabel and Kusterle, Wolfgang and Lindlar, Benedikt and Koraimann, G{\"u}nther and Angerer, Thomas and Steindl, Florian Roman and Briendl, Lukas G. and Jehle, Sebastian and Flotzinger, Johannes and Juhart, Joachim and Mittermayr, Florian}, title = {On the significance of accelerator enriched layers in wet-mix shotcrete}, series = {Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology}, volume = {131}, journal = {Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.tust.2022.104764}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {The application process, which gives shotcrete its name is a robust and established method, dating back to the beginning of the 20th century. Since then, the spraying process has been significantly enhanced. However, during the last decades no major technical changes have been made. In this study the wet - mix shotcrete process including the dosing of accelerator was investigated. For this, we monitored the concrete and accelerator pressure with 5 sensors in the pumps and pipes, and analysed the accelerator distribution in the hardened shotcrete matrix. The recorded pressure fluctuations clearly indicated that the pumping of the concrete with a double-piston pump led to flow pulsations. The pressure along the accelerator pipes, controlled by a peristaltic pump, was not steady either. However, the accelerator flow pulsation had a higher frequency than that of the concrete flow. This misalignment led to changes in the accelerator to concrete ratio during the spraying process. The impact of these incongruent concrete and accelerator flows on the resulting hardened shotcrete was visually analysed with the use of 0.02 \% uranin as fluorescent tracer added to the accelerator. The tracer distribution showed that changes in the accelerator/concrete ratio led to the formation of 'accelerator layers', layers with higher accelerator concentrations in the hardened shotcrete. These layers show differences in chemistry, mineralogy and open porosity compared to the rest of the shotcrete matrix. The presence of accelerator enriched layers can have detrimental effects on the shotcrete properties, especially affecting the durability and mechanical performance. In consequence, we recommend a revision of the shotcrete process to eliminate these inhomogeneities.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SakoparnigBaldermannThumannetal., author = {Sakoparnig, Marlene and Baldermann, Andre and Thumann, Maria and Mittermayr, Florian and Kusterle, Wolfgang}, title = {Bestimmung der experimentellen Calcium-Auslaugung an Spritzbetonbohrkernen: Methodenvergleich und Update}, series = {Spritzbeton-Tagung 2018, Alpbach, {\"O}sterreich 11.-12.01.2018}, booktitle = {Spritzbeton-Tagung 2018, Alpbach, {\"O}sterreich 11.-12.01.2018}, abstract = {Im Rahmen des FFG-Forschungsprojektes „Entwicklung neuer dauerhafter und nachhaltiger Spritzbetone (Advanced and sustainable sprayed concrete; ASSpC)" werden Methoden zur Pr{\"u}fung der Calcium-Auslaugung von Spritzbeton eingesetzt bzw. weiterentwickelt. Bestimmt wurde daf{\"u}r das Reduzierte Versinterungspotential nach Regelwerken der {\"O}sterreichischen Bautechnik Vereinigung und das Auslaugverhalten von Spritzbeton bei leichtem S{\"a}ureangriff (Salpeters{\"a}ure und Kohlens{\"a}ure), um dauerhaftigkeitsrelevante Parameter im Bereich der Wechselwirkungen von Spritzbeton mit leicht sauren (Kohlens{\"a}ure- und Nitrathaltigen) Oberfl{\"a}chen-, Grund- und Sickerw{\"a}ssern zu untersuchen und potentielle Sch{\"a}digungsmechanismen zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. Die Vor- und Nachteile der verwendeten Pr{\"u}fmethoden zum l{\"o}senden Angriff werden in Bezug auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Spritzbeton diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SteindlGalanBaldermannetal., author = {Steindl, Florian and Galan, Isabel and Baldermann, Andre and Sakoparnig, Marlene and Dietzel, Martin and R{\"o}ck, Rudolf and Kusterle, Wolfgang and Mittermayr, Florian}, title = {Dauerhaftigkeitsuntersuchungen an Trocken- und Nassspritzbetonen mit mineralischen Zusatzstoffen - Investigations on the durability of dry- and wet-mix sprayed concrete with mineral additions}, series = {Spritzbeton-Tagung 2021, 21. + 22. J{\"a}nner 2021, Alpbach Tirol}, booktitle = {Spritzbeton-Tagung 2021, 21. + 22. J{\"a}nner 2021, Alpbach Tirol}, pages = {94 -- 111}, abstract = {Die Dauerhaftigkeit von Spritzbeton kann, insbesondere in seiner Verwendung als St{\"u}tz-und Ausbaumaterial im Tunnelbau, durch chemische Angriffe deutlich herabgesetzt werden. Im Forschungsprojekt "Entwicklung neuer dauerhafter und nachhaltiger Spritzbetone (ASSpC)" wurden Pr{\"u}fk{\"o}rper von Trocken-und Nassspritzbetonen in Großspritzversuchen hergestellt. Der Sulfatwiderstand und das L{\"o}sungsverhalten der Betone in sulfathaltigen w{\"a}ssrigen L{\"o}sungen wurden mit drei Testverfahren bestimmt und die Ergebnisse miteinander verglichen: Ein Pulvertestverfahren zeigt die Aufl{\"o}sung von Zementhydratphasen zugunsten der Neubildung von Calcit und Ettringit. Das Ausmaß der Sulfatdehnung an Bohrkernen, ermittelt im zweiten Testverfahren, korrespondiert mit dem chemischen Verhalten des gemahlenen Materials, insbesondere bez{\"u}glich der Reaktivit{\"a}t von calcium-und aluminium-haltigen Hydratphasen. Der Thaumasitwiderstand, ermittelt {\"u}ber Masseverlust von Pr{\"u}f-k{\"o}rpern, zeigte eine weitgehende {\"U}bereinstimmung mit den zuvor genannten Tests. Die Verwendung von hochreinen Metakaolinen (7-10 M-\% des Bindemittels) oder Feinstcalcit (5-10 M-\% des Bindemittels) allein f{\"u}hrte insgesamt zu deutlich geringerer Sulfatbest{\"a}ndigkeit. Hingegen konnten hohe Gehalte an H{\"u}ttensand oder Silikastaub auch in Kombination mit Metakaolin und Feinstcalcit den Sulfatwiderstand von Spritzbeton erh{\"o}hen. The durability of shotcrete can be degraded by chemical attacks, especially if used as ground support in tunnel construction. In the course of the research project "Advanced and Sustainable Sprayed Concrete (ASSpC)" test specimens of dry-mix and wet-mix shotcrete were sprayed in large-scale tests. The sulfate resistance and the leaching behaviour of these shotcretes were assessed in sulfate-bearing solutions. A test procedure based on the use of shotcrete powders shows that hydrated cement phases dissolve in favour of calcite and ettringite neo-formation. The sulfate expansion measured on drill cores in the second procedure corresponds to the behaviour of the powders, especially regarding the reactivity of calcium-and aluminium-bearing hydrated phases. The resistance against thaumasite attack, assessed by measuring the mass loss of prisms, coincides with the former test results. The exclusive use of high-purity metakaolin (7-10 wt-\% of binder) or fine calcium carbonate (5-10 wt-\% of binder) leads to a decrease in the sulfate durability. However, high amounts of blast furnace slag or silica fume can increase the sulfate resistance of shotcrete even when used in combination with metakaolin or fine calcium carbonate.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{PfahlerThielNeidhart, author = {Pfahler, Katharina and Thiel, Charlotte and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Einfluss der Probengeometrie auf die Mechanischen Eigenschaften von Stampflehm - Eine Literaturrecherche}, series = {ce/papers - Proceedings in Civil Engineering}, volume = {8}, booktitle = {ce/papers - Proceedings in Civil Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn, a Wiley Brand}, issn = {2509-7075}, doi = {10.1002/cepa.3291}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-80291}, pages = {57 -- 68}, abstract = {Der Klimawandel lenkt den Fokus im Bauwesen zunehmend auf die Reduktion von Treibhausgasen und die F{\"o}rderung nachhaltiger Materialien. Baustoffe wie Lehm gewinnen dank ihrer {\"o}kologischen und bauphysikalischen Vorteile an Bedeutung. Eine zentrale Herausforderung stellt die Definition standardisierter Pr{\"u}fmethoden f{\"u}r Stampflehm dar. Dieser Beitrag analysiert Forschungsergebnisse zur Geometrie von Stampflehmprobek{\"o}rpern mittels Literaturrecherche und vergleicht experimentelle Untersuchungen sowie relevante Normen und Testmethoden. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass {\"a}ußere Einfl{\"u}sse wie Mischungszusammensetzung, Verdichtungsenergie, Gesteinsk{\"o}rnung und Tonminerale eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Eine Vereinheitlichung von Probengeometrie, Lagerung und Pr{\"u}fverfahren ist essenziell, um reproduzierbare Ergebnisse zu erzielen und die mechanischen Kennwerte von Stampflehm vergleichbar zu machen. Ziel ist es, einheitliche Standards zu entwickeln, um die Stampflehmbauweise in der Praxis zu f{\"o}rdern.}, subject = {Lehmbau}, language = {de} }