@misc{Wiedemann, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Wiedemann, Matthias}, title = {Datenmodelle in der Abwasserableitung}, address = {Regensburg}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-815}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-8157}, school = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {87}, abstract = {Das Bauwesen erf{\"a}hrt zurzeit eine zunehmende Digitalisierung von Planungs- und Bauprozessen. Ein Begriff, der dabei zwingend fallen muss, ist Building Information Modeling (BIM). Es handelt sich dabei um eine kooperative Arbeitsmethode mit dem Ziel einer h{\"o}heren Planungs-, Kosten- und Terminsicherheit. Wesentlicher Bestandteil von BIM ist das digitale Modell des Bauwerks, das {\"u}ber dessen gesamten Lebenszyklus von der Planung {\"u}ber die Ausf{\"u}hrung bis zum Unterhalt und R{\"u}ckbau mit Informationen erg{\"a}nzt wird. Der gew{\"u}nschte Effekt ist dabei eine gr{\"o}ßere Informationsdichte, auf welche die Projektbeteiligten {\"u}ber die Projektphasen hinweg zugreifen und somit einem Informationsverlust vorbeugen k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {Abwasserableitung}, language = {de} } @techreport{SteffensRechenauerNeuleitneretal., author = {Steffens, Oliver and Rechenauer, Christian and Neuleitner, Nikolaus and Seidl, Erwin and Kemper, Peter and Nigl, Bernhard and Rozankovic, Andreas and Laumer, Johann and Stierstorfer, Johannes and Gerstner, Julian and Zacher, Markus and Zimmermann, Patrick and Primbs, Sebastian and Sch{\"a}fer, Sebastian and Schmidbauer, Florian and Tretter, Simon}, title = {Effizienzhaus Plus Deggendorf-Natternberg: Modellvorhaben im Netzwerk „Effizienzhaus Plus" der Forschungsinitiative Zukunft Bau gef{\"o}rdert vom Bundesinstitut f{\"u}r Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung (BBSR), Endbericht 2017}, publisher = {OTH Regensburg}, address = {Regensburg}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-5840}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-58404}, pages = {63}, abstract = {Dokumentation, Vorbereitungen und Ergebnisse der zweij{\"a}hrigen Messperiode vom 01.11.2014 bis 31.10.2016 Ausgehend von Konzeption und Planungsdaten f{\"u}r das Effizienzhaus Plus der Firma Karl Bachl GmbH \& Co. KG in Deggendorf-Natternberg berichten wir {\"u}ber die Ergebnisse des energetischen Monitorings {\"u}ber den Zeitraum von zwei Messjahren vom 01.11.2014 bis 31.10.2016. Die OTH Regensburg wurde mit der wissenschaftlichen Begleitforschung dieses Modellprojekts im Rahmen des Zukunft-Bau-Netzwerks Effizienzhaus Plus1 beauftragt. Das Geb{\"a}ude wird vorwiegend solarthermisch beheizt, erg{\"a}nzt durch eine elektrische Nachheizung. Neben Solarkollektoren befinden sich auch PV-Module auf dem Dach, deren Ertr{\"a}ge den Jahresstrombedarf bilan- ziell decken. Durch Einsatz eines Batteriespeichers kann der Anteil des selbst genutzten PV-Stroms erh{\"o}ht werden. Die Gesamtbilanz des ersten Jahres zeigt, dass das Geb{\"a}ude prim{\"a}r- und endenergetisch die Anforderungen an den Effizienzhaus Plus Standard erf{\"u}llt. Wir stellen die Energiefl{\"u}sse, Gewinne und Verbr{\"a}uche, sowie die Wirkungsgrade, den solaren und elektrischen Deckungsgrad und den Autarkiegrad des Geb{\"a}udes im Detail vor und diskutieren den Einfluss des elektrischen Batteriespeichers sowie der thermischen Verluste aus dem Pufferspeicher. Verbesserungspotentiale werden in der Beseitigung von haustechnischen Fehlfunktionen und in einer st{\"a}rkeren D{\"a}mmung des Pufferspeichers gesehen. Dieser ist zudem f{\"u}r den beabsichtigten Zweck nach den Erkenntnissen aus den empirischen Messungen zu groß dimensioniert, wodurch sich f{\"u}r k{\"u}nftige Projekte ein Einsparungspotential ergibt.}, language = {de} } @article{ThielKratzerGrimmetal., author = {Thiel, Charlotte and Kratzer, Johanna and Grimm, Benedikt and Kr{\"a}nkel, Thomas and Gehlen, Christoph}, title = {Effect of Internal Moisture and Outer Relative Humidity on Concrete Carbonation}, series = {CivilEng}, volume = {4}, journal = {CivilEng}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/civileng3040058}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-56091}, pages = {1039 -- 1052}, abstract = {With steadily rising CO2 concentrations in the ambient air and fast-changing concretecompositions with reduced clinker contents, the availability of reliable and accelerated concrete car-bonation tests is of crucial importance to design durable structures. This paper focuses on the effectsof moisture under accelerated conditions and the effects of different CO2 exposure conditions. Mor-tar prisms incorporating three different cement types were cured and stored at either 50\% or 65\%relative humidity (RH). Afterwards, the prisms were carbonated at different ambient humidities(50, 57 and 65\%), different CO2 concentrations (0.04, 1 and 3 vol.\%) and complemented by a seriesof tests at increased gas pressure (2 barg). High-resolution test methods were used to explain theunderlying carbonation mechanisms. The results show that pre-conditioning for two weeks—ascurrently suggested by the European Standard—seems to be too short because the initial inner mois-ture content severely affects the carbonation rate. Relative humidity during carbonation of 57\% ledto higher carbonation rates compared to 50\% and 65\%. In addition, climate data needs to be period-ically (preferably permanently) recorded in research experiments and in laboratory testing to ensurefair interpretation of experimental results.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Wittl, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Wittl, Theresa}, title = {Rohrgrabenverf{\"u}llungen aus Sand und ZFSV - Vergleichende CO2-Bilanzierung}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-5541}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-55414}, school = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {116}, abstract = {Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um eine Parameterstudie. Ziel ist die Untersuchung des Carbon Footprint von Sand und zeitweise fließf{\"a}higem, selbstverdichtendem Verf{\"u}llbaustoff (abgek{\"u}rzt als ZFSV) unter dem Einfluss verschiedener Parameter. Zu Beginn werden die verwendeten Verf{\"u}llbaustoffe und ihre {\"o}kologischen Besonderheiten definiert. F{\"u}r die Berechnungen werden Rahmenbedingungen festgelegt und Annahmen getroffen. Die verwendeten Maschinen mit ihren Kraftstoffverbr{\"a}uchen sowie die Aufwandswerte der anfallenden Arbeiten werden aufgelistet. Bei der Auswertung der Berechnungen zeigt sich, dass ZFSV in einem Großteil der untersuchten F{\"a}lle die geringeren Emissionswerte aufweist. Der Parameter L{\"a}nge der Baustelle hat auf die Verf{\"u}llung mit Sand keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Bei der Verf{\"u}llung mit ZFSV sinkt der Einfluss mit steigender L{\"a}nge der Baustelle. Ab einer Baustellenl{\"a}nge von 100 m stellt sich ein fester Wert ein. Auch der anstehende Boden beeinflusst die Treibhausgas-Emissionen (abgek{\"u}rzt als THG) bei der Verf{\"u}llung des Rohrgrabens mit Sand kaum. Durch den Einsatz von Kalk bei bindigem Boden werden die Emissionen bei der Verwendung von ZFSV h{\"o}her. Durch die Ver{\"a}nderung des Rohrdurchmessers werden bei beiden Varianten die Emissionen bezogen auf den Meter Rohrgraben gr{\"o}ßer. Betrachtet man im Gegensatz hierzu den Kubikmeter verbauten Materials wird der CO2-Ausstoß kleiner bei ZFSV und gr{\"o}ßer bei Sand. Die Erh{\"o}hung der Transportstrecken hat einen linearen Einfluss auf die anfallenden THG bei ZFSV und Sand. Bei der Ver{\"a}nderung der Herkunft, der f{\"u}r den ZFSV verwendeten Grundkomponente, stellt sich die Verwendung des auf der Baustelle anstehenden Bodens, bei nicht bindigem Boden, als THG-effizienteste Variante dar. Bei bindigem anstehendem Boden zeigt sich, dass die Verwendung von einer Grundkomponente aus Gewinnungsbetrieben emissions{\"a}rmer ist. Der An- und Abtransport einer mobilen Mischanlage ist bereits ab einer Entfernung von 3,5 km zur station{\"a}ren Anlage effizienter. Bei der Aufschl{\"u}sselung der Emissionen auf die Lebensphasen stellt sich die Errichtungsphase A5 bei Sand als Haupteinflussfaktor dar. Wegen der Verdichtungsarbeiten fallen hier die meisten THG an. Bei der Verf{\"u}llung mit ZFSV liegt das gr{\"o}ßte Optimierungspotential in der Herstellungsphase A1-3. Vor Allem bei der Herstellung des Zements werden hier große Mengen CO2 emittiert. Die Berechnungen zeigen, dass ZFSV im Vergleich zur traditionellen Bauweise mit Sand aus {\"o}kologischer Sicht eine Alternative darstellt.}, language = {de} } @misc{Zrenner, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Zrenner, Louis}, title = {Modellierung des gekoppelten thermischen und hydraulischen Verhaltens von ZFSV-Bettungen bei erdverlegten H{\"o}chstspannungsleitungen}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-1790}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-17905}, school = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {IX, 122}, abstract = {Durch die dezentrale Energiegewinnung, welche aus dem Fokus auf regenerative Stromerzeugung resultiert, ist ein Ausbau des {\"U}bertragungsnetzes alternativlos - auch mit Hinblick auf den steigenden Strombedarf in den kommenden Jahrzehnten. Der Ausbau ist bereits beschlossene Sache, schreitet aber schleppend voran. Die Gr{\"u}nde hierf{\"u}r sind jedoch nicht etwa Verz{\"o}gerungen in der Bauausf{\"u}hrung, sondern vor allem die Ablehnung innerhalb der Bev{\"o}lkerung gegen{\"u}ber dem Neubau von Stromtrassen. Jahrelange Planungs- und Genehmigungsphasen sowie regelm{\"a}ßige {\"A}nderungen der Trassenverl{\"a}ufe sind die Folge. Die B{\"u}rgerbewegungen gegen den Netzausbau sind meist mit auf dem Einfluss auf das Landschaftsbild, der Strahlungsbelastung oder L{\"a}rmbel{\"a}stigung begr{\"u}ndet. Eine Erdverlegung w{\"u}rde hinsichtlich dieser Probleme (trotz kurzfristiger Mehrbelastung w{\"a}hrend der Bauphase) eine Alternative darstellen, weist jedoch baubedingte Problematiken wie den Abtransport der Verlustw{\"a}rme auf. Bei einer klassischen Sandbettung h{\"a}ngt die W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit maßgeblich vom Wassergehalt des Sandes ab, welcher je nach Witterungslage und geologischen Gegebenheiten sehr stark schwankt. Als Folge muss die Trasse f{\"u}r den ung{\"u}nstigsten Fall und damit unwirtschaftlich bemessen werden. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „DC-CTL DBI" wurde eine gasisolierte HG{\"U}-Leitung (GIL) erdverlegt und einem Langzeitversuch unterzogen. Anstelle einer Sandbettung wurde jedoch ein zeitweise fließf{\"a}higer, selbstverdichtender Verf{\"u}llbaustoff (ZFSV) verwendet. F{\"u}r den Einsatz als thermische Bettung bietet ein ZFSV mehrere Eigenschaften, welche eine klassische Sandbettung nicht bietet. So ist mit Hinblick auf die verschweißte Aluminium-H{\"u}lle der GIL kein Verdichtungsaufwand n{\"o}tig, welcher bei aktueller Bauform zweifelsfrei in Sch{\"a}den resultieren w{\"u}rde. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus weisen Fl{\"u}ssigb{\"o}den durch den Bentonit-Gehalt eine h{\"o}here adsorbierende Oberfl{\"a}che auf, wodurch der Anteil des Haftwassers im Boden zunimmt und die W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit der Bettung in ihrer Konstanz positiv beeinflusst wird. Im Zuge dieser Arbeit wurden die thermischen und hydraulischen Transportprozesse um die GIL mittels FEM in Plaxis2D untersucht und transient {\"u}ber den gesamten Messzeitraum (18 Monate) berechnet. Hierf{\"u}r wurden die Materialparameter durch labortechnische Versuche ermittelt und die Messergebnisse einer verbauten Wetterstation als Randbedingungen (Niederschlag, Temperatur, Evapotranspiration) aufgebracht. Die Ergebnisse aus Plaxis2D wurden abschließend mit der im Feldversuch verbauten Sensorik verglichen. Es zeigte sich, dass sowohl die Boden- als auch die Leitertemperaturen nur um wenige Grad von den Messwerten der Sensorik abweichen. Anders als bei den etablierten analytischen Bemessungsrechnungen, welche stets auf Vereinfachungen basieren, k{\"o}nnen auch Effekte wie konvektiver W{\"a}rmetransport oder Austrocknung bei gleichzeitig h{\"o}herer Genauigkeit der Ergebnisse untersucht werden. Um den Rechenaufwand gering zu halten, wurden lediglich die thermischen und hydraulischen Entwicklungen und Einfl{\"u}sse des Bodens ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Es ist aber durchaus m{\"o}glich, Verformungen und Kr{\"a}fte in die Berechnung zu integrieren und so ein ganzheitliches Berechnungsmodell zu erstellen.}, language = {de} } @misc{Spirkl, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Spirkl, Florian}, title = {Vergleichende rechnerische Untersuchungen zur Lastaufteilung und Setzungen von Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen mit Lasttransferschichten}, address = {Regensburg}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-1571}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-15713}, school = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {121}, abstract = {Die Erschließung von Neubaufl{\"a}chen, steigende Bauwerkslasten und strengere Anforderungen an Setzungen und Setzungsdifferenzen f{\"u}hren zu einem steigenden Bedarf an Tiefgr{\"u}ndungsmaßnahmen. Eine relativ junge Entwicklung auf diesem Gebiet ist die Anwendung von Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen (StS) und pfahl{\"a}hnlichen Tragelementen als Alternative zur konventionellen Pfahlgr{\"u}ndung. Auf Grund der im Vergleich zum Pfahl geringeren Tragf{\"a}higkeit der StS werden diese zumeist als „S{\"a}ulenwald" angeordnet und die abzutragende Last {\"u}ber eine Lasttransferschicht (LTS) auf die einzelnen StS abgeleitet. Zus{\"a}tzlich wird h{\"a}ufig eine oder mehrere Geogitterlagen eingebracht, was zur Erh{\"o}hung des Lastanteils der StS f{\"u}hrt. Ein g{\"a}ngies Anwendungsbeispiel hierf{\"u}r ist z.B. die Gr{\"u}ndung eines Damms. {\"U}ber die Lastaufteilung zwischen StS und anstehender Weichschicht wurden im Laufe der Jahre verschiedenste Theorien und Berechnungsans{\"a}tze ver{\"o}ffentlicht. Zun{\"a}chst wird eine Auswahl verschiedener geschlossener Berechnungsans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r den 3-dimensionalen Fall vorgestellt und miteinander verglichen. Diesen ist gemein, dass f{\"u}r die Lastaufteilung lediglich die bodenmechanischen Eigenschaften der LTS und die geometrischen Parameter ben{\"o}tigt werden. Eine Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der anstehenden Weichschicht ist z.B. bei der iterativen Berechnung mittels Lasttransfermethode oder bei FE-Berechnungen m{\"o}glich. Diese Ans{\"a}tze werden, da durch die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Eigenschaften der Weichschicht weitere Freiheitsgrade entstehen, gesondert miteinander verglichen. Abschließend wird an Hand zweier Beispiele die Komplexit{\"a}t der Problemstellung „Ermittlung der Laustaufteilung zwischen StS und WS" aufgezeigt.}, language = {de} } @techreport{NeidhartSchuster, author = {Neidhart, Thomas and Schuster, Markus}, title = {Feldversuch zur Untersuchung des Bodenverbesserungseffekts durch Hybridinjektionsk{\"o}rper®}, address = {Regensburg}, organization = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Fakult{\"a}t Bauingenieurwesen, Labor f{\"u}r Geotechnik}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-2172}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-21723}, pages = {94}, abstract = {Die Bodenverbesserung mit HybridInjection® der Firma URETEK Deutschland GmbH ist ein Injektionsverfahren, das speziell unter bestehenden Bauwerken als Nachgr{\"u}ndung oder Gr{\"u}ndungsverst{\"a}rkung zum Einsatz kommt, welche auf sehr schlecht tragf{\"a}higem Untergrund gegr{\"u}ndet sind. Dabei werden d{\"u}nne, mit einem Geotextil umwickelte Stangen (Injektionslanzen {\O} = 12 mm) in den Untergrund eingebracht und anschließend das Textil mit Hilfe eines speziellen Harzes expandiert. Dadurch wird der umliegende Boden durch Verdr{\"a}ngung {\"u}berwiegend radial verdr{\"a}ngt und verdichtet. Zudem wirken die moderat steifen, s{\"a}ulenartigen Expansionsk{\"o}rpern als Lastabtragungselemente und entlasten den Boden dazwischen, womit sie als Bodenverbesserungss{\"a}ulen eingeordnet werden k{\"o}nnen. Ziel der gemeinsamen Forschungsarbeit ist es diesen Verbesserungseffekt messtechnisch zu erfassen und zu beziffern, um dadurch das Produkt wirtschaftlicher und auf die jeweilige Lastsituation anbieten zu k{\"o}nnen. Dazu wurde auf einem Versuchsfeld eine 6,0 m² große Stahlbetonplatte, welche das Fundament eines Geb{\"a}udes darstellen soll, mit Hilfe eines 1,5 MN-Hydraulikzylinders in verschiedenen Stufen belastet und die daraus resultierenden Setzungen des Bodens gemessen. Dies geschah zun{\"a}chst ohne und anschließend mit vier, rechteckig unter der Betonplatte angeordneten Expansionsk{\"o}rpern der Firma URETEK. Der Vorher-Nachher-Vergleich der verschiedenen Auswertungen zeigte, dass der Boden nach dem Einbau der HybridInjection® insgesamt deutlich steifer reagiert. Verglichen wurden daf{\"u}r das Maß der Setzungen, die Kriechzahl in Anlehnung an die EA-Pf{\"a}hle, der Verformungsmodul in Anlehnung an den Lastplattendruckversuch, Setzungen und E-Moduln in der Tiefe ermittelt aus Extensometermessungen und zuletzt die Schlagzahlen leichter Rammsondierungen. Die Verbesserungsfaktoren fallen recht unterschiedlich aus und belaufen sich auf {\"A}nderungen um bis zu + 68\% im Vergleich zum Ausgangszustand ohne Bodenverbesserung.}, subject = {Baugrund}, language = {de} } @techreport{NeidhartLerchWiesingeretal., author = {Neidhart, Thomas and Lerch, Maximilian and Wiesinger, Doris and Zrenner, Louis}, title = {Kompakte {\"U}bertragungsleitungen f{\"u}r hohe Gleichspannungen: Langzeituntersuchungen an einer erdverlegten Versuchsanlage}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-2173}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-21730}, pages = {62, 58}, abstract = {Durch den Ausstieg aus der Verstromung fossiler Energietr{\"a}ger und der daraus resultierenden dezentralen Stromerzeugung ist ein Aus- bzw. Umbau des deutschen {\"U}bertragungsnetzes erforderlich. Weil aus der dezentralen Energieerzeugung große Trassenl{\"a}ngen resultieren, welche bei Wechselstrom zu Blindleistungsproblematiken f{\"u}hren, wird dort vermehrt auf Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-{\"U}bertragung zur{\"u}ckgegriffen. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts DC CTL DBI (direct current compact transmission line - directly buried investigastions) wurde ein gasisolierte HG{\"U}-Leiter (GIL) erdverlegt und bei st{\"a}ndigem Monitoring {\"u}ber umfangreiche Sensorik einem Langzeitversuch unterzogen. Anstelle einer klassischen Sandbettung kam ein zeitweise fließf{\"a}higer, selbstverdichtender Verf{\"u}llbaustoff (ZFSV) zum Einsatz. Somit k{\"o}nnen Sch{\"a}den an der {\"U}bertragungsleitung infolge Verdichtungsaufwand vermieden und gleichzeitig bessere Bodeneigenschaften hinsichtlich der W{\"a}rme- und Wassertransportprozesse erreicht werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RuikenLandmannZoelleretal., author = {Ruiken, Axel and Landmann, Philipp and Z{\"o}ller, Ralf and Wolff, Thomas}, title = {Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten von Einfach- und Mehrfachverbundankern im Zuge des BA 2/2 der A281 in Bremen}, series = {Vortr{\"a}ge der 38. Baugrundtagung, 25. bis 27. September 2024, Bremen}, booktitle = {Vortr{\"a}ge der 38. Baugrundtagung, 25. bis 27. September 2024, Bremen}, publisher = {Aktiv Druck \& Verlag GmbH}, address = {Ebelsbach}, organization = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Geotechnik e.V. (DGGT)}, isbn = {978-3-932653-57-5}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-7766}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77662}, pages = {129 -- 135}, abstract = {Im Vorfeld zum Neubau der A281 BA2/2 in Bremen wurden u.a. 14 Eignungsanker hergestellt und das Lastabtragsverhalten in den anstehenden Wesersanden ermittelt. Die Verpressk{\"o}rper wurden in Sanden mit mitteldichter und dichter Lagerung angeordnet und dabei die L{\"a}nge und Anzahl der Verpressk{\"o}rper systematisch variiert. Neben der Messung von Kraft und Verschiebung am Ankerkopf wurde mithilfe hochaufl{\"o}sender faseroptischer Instrumentierung von Verpressk{\"o}rpern und Ankerlitzen der Lastabtrag {\"u}ber den reinen Verpressk{\"o}rper hinaus {\"u}ber die gesamte Verbundl{\"a}nge ermittelt. Anhand der Ergebnisse wird die sukzessive Aktivierung der Baugrundwiderst{\"a}nde sichtbar. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen n{\"a}herungsweise linearen Zusammenhang zwischen den untersuchten 6 m bis 12 m langen Verpressk{\"o}rpern und den ermittelten Herausziehwiderst{\"a}nden im Sand und somit ein deutlich g{\"u}nstigeres Lastabtragsverhalten, als es bisherige Erfahrungen gezeigt haben.}, language = {de} } @article{AlbrechtHellerbrandWeiningeretal., author = {Albrecht, Sophie Viktoria and Hellerbrand, Stefan and Weininger, Florian and Thiel, Charlotte}, title = {Strategies for Minimizing Environmental Impact in Construction: A Case Study of a Cementitious 3D Printed Lost Formwork for a Staircase}, series = {materials}, volume = {18}, journal = {materials}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/ma18040825}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79236}, pages = {18}, abstract = {The construction industry faces significant challenges, including environmental sustainability, rising material costs, and a shortage of skilled labor. Digital fabrication technologies offer innovative solutions to address these issues by reducing raw material consumption and waste generation. Among these, 3D printing technologies offer distinct advantages over traditional construction methods, particularly in handling complex geometries. However, the significant environmental impact of cement in 3D printed concrete, due to its high rheological and printability requirements, remains a concern. This study introduces a novel application of 3D printed permanent formwork in the construction of a winder staircase, assessed through an Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) from cradle to gate. By comparing the environmental impacts of various construction materials and processes, this study highlights the comparative advantages and disadvantages of conventional methods versus 3D printing. The LCA results reveal that traditional production methods, particularly those using plywood formwork, exhibit higher environmental impacts. In contrast, timber formwork performs better than most 3D printed mixtures in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), and abiotic depletion potential (ADP). The findings of this study underscore the potential of additive manufacturing for sustainable construction, particularly through the use of low-clinker cement in 3D printed formwork, offering a promising pathway towards reducing the environmental footprint of construction activities}, language = {en} } @article{JiBorrmannBeetzetal., author = {Ji, Yang and Borrmann, Andr{\´e} and Beetz, Jakob and Obergrießer, Mathias}, title = {Exchange of Parametric Bridge Models Using a Neutral Data Format}, series = {Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering}, volume = {27}, journal = {Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Society of Civil Engineers}, address = {Reston, VA}, doi = {10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000286}, pages = {593 -- 606}, abstract = {Parametric modeling is a well-established methodology in the field of mechanical engineering. It allows for the creation of flexible geometric models using parameters for dimensions and makes it possible to define numeric relationships between these parameters by means of mathematical formulas and define geometric-topological constraints between geometric entities. The result is a flexible geometric model that can be steered through the manipulation of its primary parameters. In contrast to explicit geometric models with fixed dimensions, a parametric model can capture the design intent and represent domain knowledge. The use of parametric modeling techniques is particularly beneficial for designing bridges. This is because the geometric design of bridges is mainly determined by external constraints resulting from the size and the layout of both the overlying and the undercrossing carriageway. This reduces the effort required for reworking when changes are made, while simultaneously providing a high degree of reusability for the model in other, similar projects, resulting in significantly increased efficiency in the bridge design process. Because of the strong fragmentation of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, the data exchange between the different participants in a construction project is of crucial importance. The use of neutral, open data formats has proved to be the most suitable approach to realize this data exchange. However, currently existing neutral data formats do not allow for an exchange of parametric geometry. To overcome these technical limitations, this paper introduces an extension to the IFC-Bridge format, thus providing a means of interchanging parametric bridge models. This article describes in detail the necessary entities introduced to define parameters and capture dimensional and geometric constraints. The suitability of the developed extensions is proved by presenting the successful transfer of parametric bridge models between two parametric design systems as well as from a design system to a structural analysis system.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NeidhartGoemmel, author = {Neidhart, Thomas and G{\"o}mmel, Roland}, title = {Spreizverformungen von Erdd{\"a}mmen auf S{\"a}ulen und Pf{\"a}hlen}, series = {7. Fachtagung Geotechnik an der HTW Dresden, 23.11.2023}, booktitle = {7. Fachtagung Geotechnik an der HTW Dresden, 23.11.2023}, editor = {Ruttloff, Liane}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-67639}, abstract = {Nach Einf{\"u}hrung in die Thematik werden unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der EBGEO und des aktuellen Entwurfs des neuen Eurocodes 7, Teil 3 numerische Berechnungen zur Beanspruchung unbewehrter pfahlartiger Tragglieder/ Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen aufgrund von Spreizverformungen von Erdd{\"a}mmen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Dabei werden u.a. die Materi-aleigenschaften der Tragglieder und die Dehnsteifigkeiten eingelegter Geogitter variiert sowie deren Einfl{\"u}sse auf die Verdrehung und Verbiegung der Tragglieder aufgezeigt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{LafhajAlbalkhyLinner, author = {Lafhaj, Zoubeir and Albalkhy, Wassim and Linner, Thomas}, title = {Teaching Construction Robotics for Higher Education Students "Imagine and Make"}, series = {Proceedings of the 39th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2022): Bogot{\´a}, Colombia, July 13-15, 2022}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 39th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2022): Bogot{\´a}, Colombia, July 13-15, 2022}, editor = {Linner, Thomas and Garc{\´i}a de Soto, Borja and Hu, Rongbo and Brilakis, Ioannis}, publisher = {International Association on Automation and Robotics in Construction}, isbn = {978-952-69524-2-0}, issn = {2413-5844}, pages = {47 -- 54}, abstract = {The use of robotics in construction projects is still in its infancy despite the opportunities that robots can present to the improvement of construction practices. One of the strategies to effectively increase the reliance on robots in construction is increasing the knowledge and improving the educational programs about robotics for university students. This paper contributes to the ongoing efforts around the world to improve the teaching methods about construction robotics through the presentation of a novel method that is called "Imagine and Make", in which students learn how to integrate robotics in different aspects and practices in construction projects. The method has been applied at Centrale Lille in France since 2018. The results of the application of "Imagine and Make" in the first semester in 2021-2022, evaluation by students, and teaching outcomes are reported in this paper. Keywords - Robotics, Construction management techniques, Construction 4.0, Robotics teaching, France}, language = {en} } @misc{SpirklRiedNeidhart, author = {Spirkl, Florian and Ried, Michael and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {CO2-Einsparpotenzial alternativer Bauverfahren am Beispiel von Spezialtiefbau und Rohrgrabenverf{\"u}llung}, series = {Neue Herausforderungen in der Geotechnik - Nachhaltigkeit, Energiewende \& Klimawandel; Beitr{\"a}ge zum 38. Christian Veder Kolloquium : 04. und 05. April 2024, Graz}, journal = {Neue Herausforderungen in der Geotechnik - Nachhaltigkeit, Energiewende \& Klimawandel; Beitr{\"a}ge zum 38. Christian Veder Kolloquium : 04. und 05. April 2024, Graz}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t Graz}, address = {Graz}, pages = {23 -- 36}, language = {de} } @article{DiamantidisSykoraLenzi, author = {Diamantidis, Dimitris and S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Lenzi, Daniele}, title = {Optimising Monitoring: Standards, Reliability Basis and Application to Assessment of Roof Snow Load Risks}, series = {Structural Engineering International}, volume = {28}, journal = {Structural Engineering International}, number = {3}, publisher = {Taylor\&Francis}, doi = {10.1080/10168664.2018.1462131}, pages = {269 -- 279}, abstract = {This paper addresses the optimisation of monitoring and decision-making criteria regarding the future use of structures. The current state of practice in standards and reliability framework are initially summarised. A general methodology for obtaining cost-optimal decisions is then presented on the basis of limit state design, probabilistic reliability analysis and cost estimates. The implementation of the risk-based approach is illustrated in a case study dealing with the roof of a stadium located in northern Italy. As the roof fails to comply with the requirements of the Eurocodes, the installation of a permanent monitoring system is recommended to allow for a real-time reliability assessment. The results demonstrate the potential of monitoring systems and probabilistic reliability analysis for supporting decisions regarding safety measures such as snow removal or temporary closure of the stadium, as well as reflecting the need to implement the discussed procedures in future standards.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LlanoTorreCavalaroKusterleetal., author = {Llano-Torre, Aitor and Cavalaro, Sergio H. P. and Kusterle, Wolfgang and Moro, Sandro and Zerbino, Ra{\´u}l L. and Gettu, Ravindra and Pauwels, Hans and Nishiwaki, Tomoya and Parmentier, Beno{\^i}t and Buratti, Nicola and Toledo Filho, Romildo D. and Charron, Jean-Philippe and Larive, Catherine and Boshoff, William P. and Bernard, E. Stefan and Kompatscher, Michael}, title = {Equipment and Procedure Description}, series = {Round-Robin Test on Creep Behaviour in Cracked Sections of FRC: Experimental Program, Results and Database Analysis : State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM TC 261-CCF}, booktitle = {Round-Robin Test on Creep Behaviour in Cracked Sections of FRC: Experimental Program, Results and Database Analysis : State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM TC 261-CCF}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-72736-9}, issn = {2213-2031}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-72736-9_5}, pages = {47 -- 117}, abstract = {This chapter collects the description of the main creep testing procedures in fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) as well as the equipment used by each participant laboratory in the round-robin test (RRT). The description of each procedure was directly provided by the participants and follows the same structure for each participant where institution identification and contact information was included. Each participant summarised the most significant data such as specimen's size, load configuration, parameters or environmental conditions in a quite useful table. Moreover, the participants included description and close-up pictures of the creep frames construction, the support boundary conditions, and the measurement devices used. Finally, the participants provided a complete description of the specific complete creep test procedure followed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SykoraHolickyRozsasetal., author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Holick{\´y}, Milan and R{\´o}zs{\´a}s, {\´A}rp{\´a}d and Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste and Retief, Johan Verster and Diamantidis, Dimitris}, title = {Risk Based Design of Infrastructures under Extreme Actions due to Environmental Change}, series = {Life-cycle of engineering systems: emphasis on sustainable civil infrastructure, Symposium of the International Association for Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE), 2016, Delft}, booktitle = {Life-cycle of engineering systems: emphasis on sustainable civil infrastructure, Symposium of the International Association for Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE), 2016, Delft}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, abstract = {Environmental and climate change is a global issue that will and has already impacted the frequency and intensity of natural hazards in many regions throughout the world. Consequently, the actions on structures will be changing and present design practices will need to be adapted to provide for reliable structures with service lifetimes spanning over decades and centuries. A submitted review of present environmental and climate change information is focused on the distinct, but complementary climatic conditions of Central Europe and South Africa. An outline of the basis of structural design accounting for extreme wind and snow loads is presented and recommendations for future risk-based design procedures are discussed. Issues to consider include: a) use of extreme value models; b) implementation of changes in distribution parameters to obtain extremes with long return periods; c) consideration of the rate of the change. The example of a representative structure illustrates the effects of climatic actions on structural reliability. It appears that uncertainties related to the lack of observations hinder drawing strong conclusions concerning appropriate modifications of design procedures due to environmental and climate change. Uncertainties in the prediction of environmental and climate change have a direct bearing on optimal levels of reliability and the subsequent derivation of design values.}, language = {en} } @article{BorrmannSchorrObergriesseretal., author = {Borrmann, Andr{\´e} and Schorr, Markus and Obergrießer, Mathias and Ji, Yang and Wu, I-Chen and G{\"u}nthner, Willibald A. and Euringer, Thomas and Rank, Ernst}, title = {Using product data management systems for civil engineering projects - Potentials and obstacles}, series = {Computing in civil engineering : proceedings of the 2009 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering ; June 24 - 27, 2009, Austin, Texas}, volume = {346}, journal = {Computing in civil engineering : proceedings of the 2009 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering ; June 24 - 27, 2009, Austin, Texas}, editor = {Caldas, Carlos H. and O'Brien, William J.}, publisher = {ASCE}, pages = {359 -- 369}, language = {en} } @incollection{FinckhNiedermeier, author = {Finckh, Wolfgang and Niedermeier, Roland}, title = {Example 4: Strengthening a reinforced concrete column by wrapping}, series = {Commentary on the DAfStb guideline "Strengthening of concrete members with adhesively bonded reinforcement" with examples}, booktitle = {Commentary on the DAfStb guideline "Strengthening of concrete members with adhesively bonded reinforcement" with examples}, publisher = {Beuth}, address = {Berlin ; Wien ; Z{\"u}rich}, isbn = {978-3-410-65255-7}, issn = {0171-7197}, pages = {115 -- 125}, subject = {Betonbauteil}, language = {en} } @incollection{FinckhNiedermeierSchmittetal., author = {Finckh, Wolfgang and Niedermeier, Roland and Schmitt, Alexander and Zilch, Konrad}, title = {Beispiel 3: Verst{\"a}rkung eines Plattenbalkens mit aufgeklebten CFK-Lamellen}, series = {Erl{\"a}uterungen und Beispiele zur DAfStb-Richtlinie "Verst{\"a}rken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung"}, booktitle = {Erl{\"a}uterungen und Beispiele zur DAfStb-Richtlinie "Verst{\"a}rken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung"}, editor = {Zilch, Konrad}, publisher = {Beuth}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-410-65245-8}, issn = {0171-7197}, pages = {83 -- 108}, subject = {Betonbauteil}, language = {de} } @article{LinnerSeelingerVogtLydiaetal., author = {Linner, Thomas and Seelinger, Anja and Vogt Lydia, and Sch{\"a}pers Barbara, and Steinb{\"o}ck, Martina and Krewer, Carmen and Bock, Thomas}, title = {REACH: Solutions for Technology-Based Prevention and Empowerment for Older People and their Caregivers}, series = {Journal of Population Ageing: Special Issue on responsive engagement of older persons promoting activity and customized healthcare}, volume = {13}, journal = {Journal of Population Ageing: Special Issue on responsive engagement of older persons promoting activity and customized healthcare}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s12062-020-09268-5}, pages = {131 -- 137}, abstract = {REACH stands for "Responsive Engagement of the Elderly Promoting Activity and Customized Healthcare". Sustained physical activity matters greatly to the health and well-being of older people and significantly improves their chance of maintaining independent living. It can make a difference across the whole care continuum as well as in almost every setting. Therefore, REACH solutions focus on the systematic, target-oriented increase of physical activity of older people, and tackle the whole prevention spectrum (primary, secondary, and tertiary). It seeks to empower older people and their formal and informal caregivers, and works towards viable solutions for both the formal and in-formal care sector. Technology-based personalization of prevention, activation, and care services provided in various living and care settings is at the center of the developed solutions. Ideally toolkit approach would allow for the tailoring of solutions that create value for end-users, care providers and health care payers alike through the combination, integration and adaptation/re-design elements towards the different contexts of different countries, different payment and reimbursement structures. This Special Issue sheds light on such solutions, their conception, their development, and their testing.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ThielHaynackGeyeretal., author = {Thiel, Charlotte and Haynack, Alexander and Geyer, Sebastian and Gehlen, Christoph and Braun, Alexander}, title = {CarboDB-Open Access Database for Concrete Carbonation}, series = {Proceedings of the 3rd RILEM Spring Convention and Conference (RSCC 2020), Volume 1: Strategies for a Resilient Built Environment, March 9-14, 2020, Guimar{\~a}es, Portugal}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd RILEM Spring Convention and Conference (RSCC 2020), Volume 1: Strategies for a Resilient Built Environment, March 9-14, 2020, Guimar{\~a}es, Portugal}, editor = {Pereira, Eduardo B. and Barros, Joaquim A. O. and Figueiredo, Fabio P.}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-76547-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-76547-7_8}, pages = {79 -- 90}, abstract = {Sustainable service life design of reinforced concrete structures relies on accurate input values. However, in the field of carbonation induced corrosion some input parameters and statistical distributions still need to be validated for worldwide climate conditions. Furthermore, many well-published literature data is not considered due to different storage conditions. At the suggestion of CEN/TC 104/SC1/WG1 the database "CarboDB" was created providing open access to extensive information on concrete carbonation under different storage conditions. The natural carbonation coefficient as well as the minimum concrete cover can be calculated for chosen situations. CarboDB provides reliable data on concrete carbonation in order to increase existing knowledge on concrete carbonation. The database is available online at http://carbodb.bgu.tum.de//. By registration further contribution is possible and appreciated. New insights can be gained by merging several sources. For natural carbonation, testing only up to 140 days underestimates the carbonation progress of concretes with limestone fillers and high amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SykoraDiamantidisHolickyetal., author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Diamantidis, Dimitris and Holick{\´y}, Milan and Markova, Jana and Charters Morais, Eduardo}, title = {Compressive Strength of Historic Masonry based on Destructive and Non-Destructive Test Results}, series = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions (PROHITECH'17), July 12-15, 2017, Lisbon, Portugal}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions (PROHITECH'17), July 12-15, 2017, Lisbon, Portugal}, language = {en} } @book{ZilchNiedermeierFinckh, author = {Zilch, Konrad and Niedermeier, Roland and Finckh, Wolfgang}, title = {Querkrafttragf{\"a}higkeit von historisch mit Betonstabstahl bewehrten und mit geklebter Bewehrung biegeverst{\"a}rkten Betonbauteilen}, publisher = {Fraunhofer IRB Verlag}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {978-3-8167-8707-5}, language = {de} } @article{SykoraMarkovaDiamantidis, author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Markova, Jana and Diamantidis, Dimitris}, title = {Bayesian network application for the risk assessment of existing energy production units}, series = {Reliability Engineering \& System Safety}, volume = {169}, journal = {Reliability Engineering \& System Safety}, number = {January}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ress.2017.09.006}, pages = {312 -- 320}, abstract = {The assessment of existing infrastructures in the energy sector is of great economic significance worldwide. Fossil power stations are reaching their design service life and rational decisions concerning extensions of service life, maintenance and replacements of devices should be based on updated information of the actual conditions of the energy devices and their components, and on cost-benefit analysis using risk analysis and probabilistic optimisation procedures. The contribution provides an integrated framework for probabilistic reliability and risk assessment of existing energy production units considering availability and human safety criteria. An extensive case study focused on risks of an energy production unit in a fossil power station is provided to support practical applications. A Bayesian network is thereby implemented to assess the risks of the selected production unit. Special emphasis is given to the input data consisting of failure rates obtained from recorded data and expert judgements. The influence of uncertainties in the considered performance indicators on the availability of the unit is analysed. It is shown that a reasonably simplified framework can provide a valuable assessment of the influence of individual devices and their components on availability and societal risk, identifying thus the major risk contributors. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{TeranGilmoreRoeslinTapiaHernandezetal., author = {Ter{\´a}n-Gilmore, Amador and Roeslin, Samuel and Tapia-Hern{\´a}ndez, Edgar and Cuadros-Hip{\´o}lito, Edgar}, title = {Displacement-based design of tall earthquake-resistant diagrid systems}, series = {Journal of Building Engineering}, volume = {35}, journal = {Journal of Building Engineering}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.jobe.2020.102022}, abstract = {In recent years, the system known as diagrid (diagonal grid) has been used in several tall buildings around the world. Despite the large advantages that the innovative structural system represents in terms of sustainability, its use has not been sufficiently studied for high seismicity zones. This paper develops a displacement-based methodology for the conception and preliminary performance-based seismic design of perimeter diagrid systems. The methodology applies to tall buildings, whose dynamic response is significantly influenced by global flexural drift deformations. The methodology is exemplified by the preliminary design of a 24-story building located in the soft soil condition of Mexico City. The paper provides some detailed background behind the performance-based design and highlights the benefit of simple, reasonable, and safe structural estimations in terms of the monetary and environmental cost. It is concluded first, that the proposed methodology yields diagonal grid systems that adequately satisfy predefined deterministic performance levels; and second, that a perimeter diagonal grid system is an attractive structural option for tall buildings located in high seismicity zones.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LatasteThielFranzoni, author = {Lataste, Jean-Fran{\c{c}}ois and Thiel, Charlotte and Franzoni, Elisa}, title = {Electrical Resistance}, series = {Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures}, booktitle = {Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-74231-1_8}, pages = {55 -- 66}, abstract = {Electrical resistance is the ability for a material to impede the flow of electrical current. The resistance (R) is expressed in ohm (Ohm), its inverse is the conductance (C) is expressed in siemens (S). The resistance is function of geometry of tested body and measurement device. So one generally prefers the resistivity (ρΩ) expressed in ohm-meter (Ohm·m), or its inverse the conductivity (σ) in siemens per meter (S/m), representing the intrinsic material's property.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Kusterle, author = {Kusterle, Wolfgang}, title = {Spritzbetonforschung f{\"u}r dauerhaftere und nachhaltigere Tunnels}, series = {4. Grazer Betonkolloquium (Beton Graz '18), 20.-21.09.2018}, booktitle = {4. Grazer Betonkolloquium (Beton Graz '18), 20.-21.09.2018}, language = {de} } @article{Linner, author = {Linner, Thomas}, title = {Special issue ISARC 2021}, series = {Construction Robotics}, volume = {Vol. 6}, journal = {Construction Robotics}, number = {Issue 2}, editor = {Linner, Thomas}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s41693-022-00079-y}, pages = {58 -- 68}, abstract = {The research filed of construction robotics broadens increasingly in terms of complexity, approaches, technologies used, active stakeholders, and application areas. Worldwide labour and resource shortages, the need to increase circularity and resource efficiency, new materials and the increasing utilisation of digital construction tools in the planning and construction industry massively spur the uptake of robotic solutions for on-site construction. The initial boom of construction robots happened in the 1970s, driven by the Japanese construction industry. In the 1980s, a combination with parallel developments was supposed to achieve complete, integrated robotic on-site factories. From the mid-1980s onwards, the global interest in construction robots decreased gradually. Bulky and expensive systems, complex on-site navigation and logistics approaches, a narrow scope of tasks, inflexibility, incompatibility with on-site work organisation and professional qualification, low usability and insufficient inter-robot coordination capabilities revealed the immaturity of the systems. Only a few organisations predominantly situated in Asia such as Takenaka, Obayashi, Kajima Corporation, Nihon Bisho Co., Samsung, and Hitachi maintained development activities. However, since the mid-2010s, development activities are gaining traction again. On the application side, this is mainly driven by trends such as the need to upgrade the energy performance of buildings in Europe, a global necessity to remove asbestos from existing structures, and a demand for enormous quantities of high-rise buildings all over East Asia. On the system side, the renewed interest stems from major advances in physical-mechanical robot technology in other automation-driven industries such as the automotive industry. Robots became lighter, more flexible, their parts modular and interchangeable, more user friendly as well as significantly cheaper. On the digital side, the BIM-to-Robot pipeline was subject of intensive reserach and development. More and more methods and tools help to increase the usability of robots and facilitate the simulation and optimisation of robot-driven construction processes. In the last 4-5 years, the worldwide growing need and interest in construction robotics became highly evident. More than 200 robot systems are pushed by start-ups and spin-offs and their investors to the market. This is backed by an enormous number of activities and projects carried out in the academic area pushing to the boundaries of what is technologically possible. Major associations and their conferences increase significantly in popularity such as ISARC (International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction), EC3 (European Council of Computing in Construction), and Robots in Architecture. Competency in digital construction, automation and robotics becomes a key for all stakeholders in the construction industry and many universities worldwide launch dedicated interdisciplinary programs. Powerful governments (China) and major funding programs such as Horizon Europe (Europe) massively request and fund the development of robotic solutions for construction such as drones, mobile robots, 3D-printing solutions, cable-driven robots, and exoskeletons. Regulators and standardisation organisation start to develop the first certification and standardisation schemes for construction robots and large software companies make attempts to allow to simulate and program robotic construction processes efficiently and robustly based on digital building and construction data. To showcase the diversity of cutting-edge research in the area, this special issue invited eight extended versions of selected papers from the ISARC 2021 conference. As such, this issue covers digital approaches to embed fabrication and robot information in BIM and IFC and program robots directly from digital building models. New robot systems spur novel robotic production processes, and machine learning enable novel logistics approaches for building components that may ultimately lead to robotic cranes and other robotic on-site logistics and handling solutions (including autonomous construction machines). In parallel, systematic evaluation and robot development methods are developed that allow to shed light on their performance in the construction process.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoccaraDiamantidisSykora, author = {Boccara, R. and Diamantidis, Dimitris and S{\´y}kora, Miroslav}, title = {Optimal design of ground-mounted solar systems}, series = {Safety and reliability : methodology and applications : proceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2014, Wrocław, Poland, 14-18 September 2014}, booktitle = {Safety and reliability : methodology and applications : proceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2014, Wrocław, Poland, 14-18 September 2014}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton}, isbn = {978-1-138-02681-0}, pages = {2175 -- 2181}, abstract = {Solar energy represents a clean, natural and sustainable source of energy. Solar photovoltaic panels can be installed on roofs of structures or in the ground. This contribution focusses on ground-mounted systems, which are presently widely implemented. At present limited guidelines on the design of solar ground-mounted structures are available. Usually standards for the design of normal buildings are applied. However, the design of ground-mounted structures significantly differs from common structural design by: (1) a lower design lifetime (20-25 years) is accepted; (2) failure is not associated with the loss of human life; (3) resistance uncertainties need due attention; (4) uplift wind forces dominating structural reliability are associated with a large scatter. That is why the reliability analysis and optimal design of ground-mounted solar systems is investigated herein. The failure costs and especially their ratio to the initial costs are analyzed considering the data provided from the industry. Probabilistic reliability analyses are carried out and optimum design levels are computed for representative cost ratios. The optimal target reliability depends on the ratio between failure and initial costs; reliability index of 3.5 corresponds to a reasonable cost ratio of 10.}, language = {en} } @article{NgHallSchmailzletal., author = {Ng, Ming Shan and Hall, Daniel and Schmailzl, Marc and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas}, title = {Identifying enabler and relational ontology networks in design for digital fabrication}, series = {Automation in construction}, volume = {144}, journal = {Automation in construction}, number = {December}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104592}, pages = {1 -- 20}, abstract = {As use of digital fabrication increases in architecture, engineering and construction, the industry seeks appropriate management and processes to enable the adoption during the design/planning phase. Many enablers have been identified across various studies; however, a comprehensive synthesis defining the enablers of design for digital fabrication does not yet exist. This work conducts a systematic literature review of 59 journal articles published in the past decade and identifies 140 enablers under eight categories: actors, resources, conditions, attributes, processes, artefacts, values and risks. The enablers' frequency network is illustrated using an adjacency matrix. Through the lens of actor-network theory, the work creates a relational ontology to demonstrate the linkages between different enablers. Three examples are presented using onion diagrams: circular construction focus, business model focus and digital twin in industrialisation focus. Finally, this work discusses the intersection of relational ontology with process modelling to design future digital fabrication work routines.}, language = {en} } @article{NgHallSchmailzletal., author = {Ng, Ming Shan and Hall, Daniel and Schmailzl, Marc and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas}, title = {Identifying enablers and relational ontology networks in design for digital fabrication}, series = {Automation in Construction}, volume = {144}, journal = {Automation in Construction}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0926-5805}, doi = {10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104592}, abstract = {As use of digital fabrication increases in architecture, engineering and construction, the industry seeks appropriate management and processes to enable the adoption during the design/planning phase. Many enablers have been identified across various studies; however, a comprehensive synthesis defining the enablers of design for digital fabrication does not yet exist. This work conducts a systematic literature review of 59 journal articles published in the past decade and identifies 140 enablers under eight categories: actors, resources, conditions, attributes, processes, artefacts, values and risks. The enablers' frequency network is illustrated using an adjacency matrix. Through the lens of actor-network theory, the work creates a relational ontology to demonstrate the linkages between different enablers. Three examples are presented using onion diagrams: circular construction focus, business model focus and digital twin in industrialisation focus. Finally, this work discusses the intersection of relational ontology with process modelling to design future digital fabrication work routines.}, language = {en} } @article{GalanBaldermannKusterleetal., author = {Galan, Isabel and Baldermann, Andre and Kusterle, Wolfgang and Dietzel, Martin and Mittermayr, Florian}, title = {Durability of shotcrete for underground support}, series = {Construction and building materials}, volume = {202}, journal = {Construction and building materials}, number = {March}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.151}, pages = {465 -- 493}, abstract = {Shotcrete is often used for the construction and stabilization of tunnels and other underground structures, where it is susceptible to different forms of physical and chemical attacks affecting its durability. An advanced understanding of the factors that limit the durability of shotcrete is crucial to develop tailored strategies for enhancing its service life. The main focus of this contribution is to shed light on the durability of shotcrete by revising the literature, highlighting what is missing and needs to be addressed, assessing how the knowledge about concrete durability can be transferred to shotcrete, and providing recommendations for durable shotcrete structures. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{KrausLammelObergriesser, author = {Kraus, Michael A. and Lammel, Laura and Obergrießer, Mathias}, title = {Digitale Transformation und K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz - Herausforderungen und L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze bei der Kombination von Theorie und Praxis}, series = {Ingenieurbaukunst ... made in Germany}, journal = {Ingenieurbaukunst ... made in Germany}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, organization = {Bundesingenieurkammer (Deutschland)}, isbn = {978-3-433-03359-3}, pages = {168 -- 173}, language = {de} } @article{IturraldeFeuchtIllneretal., author = {Iturralde, Kepa and Feucht, Malte and Illner, Daniel and Hu, Rongbo and Pan, Wen and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas and Eskudero, Ibon and Rodriguez, Mariola and Gorrotxategi, Jose and Izard, Jean-Baptizste and Astudillo, Julen and Cavalcanti Santos, Jo{\~a}o. and Gouttefarde, Marc and Fabritius, Marc and Martin, Christoph and Henninge, Tomas and Normes, Stein M. and Jacobsen, Yngve and Pracucci, Alessandro and Ca{\~n}ada, Jesus and Jimenez-Vicaria, Jose David and Alonso, Rub{\´e}n and Elia, Lorenzo}, title = {Cable-driven parallel robot for curtain wall module installation}, series = {Automation in Construction}, volume = {138}, journal = {Automation in Construction}, number = {June}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104235}, abstract = {A cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) was developed for the installation of curtain wall modules (CWM). The research addressed the question of whether the CDPR was capable installing CWMs with sufficient accuracy while being competitive compared to conventional manual methods. In order to develop and test such a system, a conceptual framework that consisted of three sub-systems was defined. The tests, carried out in two close-to-real demonstration buildings, revealed an absolute accuracy of the CWM installation of 4 to 23 mm. The working time for installing a CWM was reduced to 0.51 h. The results also show that the system is competitive for a workspace greater than 96 m2 compared to conventional manual methods. However, improvements such as reducing the hours for setting up the CDPR on the one hand and achieving a faster and more robust MEE on the other hand will be still necessary in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{PerezAceboMontesRedondoAppeltetal., author = {P{\´e}rez-Acebo, Heriberto and Montes-Redondo, Mikel and Appelt, Andreas and Findley, Daniel J.}, title = {A simplified skid resistance predicting model for a freeway network to be used in a pavement management system}, series = {International Journal of Pavement Engineering}, journal = {International Journal of Pavement Engineering}, publisher = {Taylor\&Francis}, doi = {10.1080/10298436.2021.2020266}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {The available skid resistance, or friction, in a pavement surface is a vital parameter for functional evaluations of roads due to its relation with crashes. Therefore, highway administrations must collect friction data on their road network to provide safe roads to users. Additionally, a prediction model that can forecast the available skid resistance in each road segment is necessary for an efficient pavement management system (PMS). The aim of this paper is to develop a skid resistance prediction model for the bituminous pavements of the motorway network of federal state of Bavaria, in Germany, with information that is typically available in a PMS: the Annual Average Daily Traffic , the Annual Average Daily Heavy Traffic , and the number of lanes in each segment. Despite its simplicity, with 6410 road segments of 2 and 3 lanes of the Bavarian motorway network, the model achieves a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.405. If information about the surface layer material is added, R2 increases to 0.480. Consequently, apart from predicting the minimum available friction in each lane in a motorway, the study underlines the necessity that a PMS should contain the recommended elements and additional surface layer material, because the quality of the prediction improves.}, language = {en} } @incollection{GehlenMayerThieletal., author = {Gehlen, Christoph and Mayer, Till Felix and Thiel, Charlotte and Fischer, Christian}, title = {Lebensdauerbemessung}, series = {Beton Kalender 2021 : Fertigteile, Integrale Bauwerke}, volume = {110}, booktitle = {Beton Kalender 2021 : Fertigteile, Integrale Bauwerke}, publisher = {Wilhelm Ernst \& Sohn}, doi = {10.1002/9783433610206.ch1}, pages = {1 -- 57}, abstract = {Christoph Gehlen, Till Felix Mayer, Charlotte Thiel und Christian Fischer beschreiben die Lebensdauerbemessung von Beton. Umfassend werden Transport- und Sch{\"a}digungsmodelle vorgestellt, die die Mechanismen der Carbonatisierung, der Chlorideindringung, der Korrosion und der korrosionsinduzierten Rissbildung im Stahlbeton beschreiben. Die damit einhergehende Verbundthematik wird erl{\"a}utert. Auch wird auf alle Mechanismen der Betonkorrosion eingegangen. Die Bemessung in Bezug auf die Dauerhaftigkeit und damit Absch{\"a}tzungen f{\"u}r die Lebensdauer von Beton wird in drei unterschiedlich genauen Formaten gef{\"u}hrt. Neben dem vollprobabilistischen Format wird beschrieben, wie Bemessungen auch auf Grundlage von Nachweisen basierend auf Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten durchgef{\"u}hrt werden k{\"o}nnen. Daran anschließend wird aufgezeigt, welche deskriptiven Bemessungsans{\"a}tze sich daraus ableiten lassen. An einigen exemplarisch herausgegriffenen Objektbeispielen wird die Lebensdauerbemessung konkret vorgef{\"u}hrt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BulgakovBockOttoetal., author = {Bulgakov, Alexey and Bock, Thomas and Otto, Jens and Buzalo, Natalia and Linner, Thomas}, title = {Requirements for Safe Operation and Facility Maintenance of Construction Robots}, series = {Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, October 27-28, 2020, Kitakyushu, Japan}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, October 27-28, 2020, Kitakyushu, Japan}, editor = {Tateyama, Kazuyoshi and Ishii, Kazuo and Inoue, Fumihiro}, publisher = {The International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (I.A.A.R.C.)}, isbn = {978-952-94-3634-7}, doi = {10.22260/ISARC2020/0053}, pages = {369 -- 376}, abstract = {Construction robots are devices of increased danger and, under certain conditions, can become a source of injuries to maintenance personnel, as well as lead to the failure of technological equipment. Most of the accidents are associated with the presence of maintenance personnel in the working area during programming, configuration, training, repair and maintenance of robots. The article describes measures to ensure safety during the maintenance of robots and manipulators. The stages of preparing the construction industry for the use of manipulators, robots and robotic complexes are presented. A system of measures for preparing equipment for use and its maintenance during operation is proposed.}, language = {en} } @article{HuIturraldeLinneretal., author = {Hu, Rongbo and Iturralde, Kepa and Linner, Thomas and Zhao, Charlie and Pan, Wen and Pracucci, Alessandro and Bock, Thomas}, title = {A Simple Framework for the Cost-Benefit Analysis of Single-Task Construction Robots Based on a Case Study of a Cable-Driven Facade Installation Robot}, series = {Buildings, Architecture: Integration of Art and Engineering}, volume = {11}, journal = {Buildings, Architecture: Integration of Art and Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/buildings11010008}, pages = {1 -- 8}, abstract = {Single-task construction robots (STCRs) have become a popular research topic for decades. However, there is still a gap in the ubiquitous application of STCRs for onsite construction due to various reasons, such as cost concerns. Therefore, cost-benefit analysis (CBA) can be used to measure the net economic benefit of the STCRs, compared to traditional construction methods, in order to boost the implementation of STCRs. This paper presents a simple and practical framework for the economic evaluation of STCRs and conducts a case study of a cable-driven facade installation robot to verify the method. The results show that the cable-driven robot for facade installation is worth investing in in the UK, as well as in the majority of G20 countries. Furthermore, other socioenvironmental implications of STCRs and the limitations of the study are also discussed. In conclusion, the proposed method is highly adaptable and reproducible. Therefore, researchers, engineers, investors, and policy makers can easily follow and customize this method to assess the economic advantages of any STCR systems, compared to traditional construction technologies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SykoraDiamantidisHolickyetal., author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Diamantidis, Dimitris and Holick{\´y}, Milan and Jung, Karel}, title = {Target reliability for new and existing railway civil engineering structures}, series = {Handbook of RAMS in Railway Systems : theory and practice}, booktitle = {Handbook of RAMS in Railway Systems : theory and practice}, publisher = {CRC Press}, isbn = {9781315269351}, doi = {10.1201/b21983-20}, pages = {26}, abstract = {The specification of target reliability levels and risk acceptance criteria is one of the key issues of design and reliability assessment of existing railway stru ctures including bridges, tunnels or secondary struc-ures like noise barriers. Target reliability levels obtained by optimisation of the total cost, related to a required working life of the structure, are critically compared with human safety criteria based on group risks, intended to avoid accidents with a large number of fatalitie s. Practical applications of the theoretical principles are demonstrated by the examples of a railway bridge, railway tunnel and road bridge over an important railway line. The examples illustrate on how probabilistic reliability analysis and risk optimisation can support decisions about alternative strategies to achieve the optimal designs complying with the requirements on human safety. The contribution reveals that target relia bility levels for civil engineering structures recommended in various normative documents are inconsistent in terms of the values and the criteria according to which the appropriate values are to be specified. The optimal target reliabilities from economic point of view primarily depend on failure consequences and costs of safety measures.}, language = {en} } @article{Bulenda, author = {Bulenda, Thomas}, title = {Arnoldi (IOM) - Newton Algorithm for Pathfollowing in Nonlinear Statics}, series = {Computers \& Structures}, volume = {63}, journal = {Computers \& Structures}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1016/S0045-7949(96)00081-8}, pages = {813 -- 826}, abstract = {This paper firstly explains the basics of pathfollowing in nonlinear statics. It then discusses the four general approaches for solving the occurring sets of linear equations. As a result we introduce an Arnoldi (IOM)—Newton algorithm which has a wide range of application and is highly efficient, as it adapts its effort to the progress of the computation. Two examples are given to prove the good performance of the algorithm.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NgBockLinner, author = {Ng, Ming Shan and Bock, Thomas and Linner, Thomas}, title = {Robotization: Design for Fabrication, Assembly, Disassembly and the Circular Built Environment with Robot-Oriented Design}, series = {22th Symposium on Construction Robotics in Japan - Ongoing commitment to construction robot technology needed for a sustainable society}, booktitle = {22th Symposium on Construction Robotics in Japan - Ongoing commitment to construction robot technology needed for a sustainable society}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Robotics has been gradually adopted in the construction sector to improve productivity and efficiency through automation. Recent scholars study design for automation to facilitate robotization in design and planning. Besides, it has the potential to enable circularity to assist in the current resource crisis. This article explores how robotization can foster the circular built environment with design for fabrication, assembly and disassembly in current practice. This article first presents the industry adoption of robotization through design for fabrication, assembly and disassembly (Design for X) and Robot-Oriented Design (ROD) in Japan and abroad. Secondly, based on the concept of ROD, this work investigates how this fosters the circular built environment through industry review and literature review. It is concluded with three takeaways of robotization for the circular built environment with ROD and future directions in research. The work contributes to the body of knowledge in automation in construction, construction management, technology and innovation.}, language = {en} } @article{FinckhIgnatiadisNiedermeieretal., author = {Finckh, Wolfgang and Ignatiadis, Anett and Niedermeier, Roland and Wiens, Udo and Zilch, Konrad}, title = {Die neue DAfStb-Richtlinie "Verst{\"a}rken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung" [The new DAfStb-Guideline "Strengthening of concrete structures with adhesive bonded reinforcement"]}, series = {Beton- und Stahlbetonbau}, volume = {107}, journal = {Beton- und Stahlbetonbau}, number = {10}, doi = {10.1002/best.201200047}, pages = {711 -- 715}, abstract = {Die Verst{\"a}rkung von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung wurde in Deutschland bisher alleinig durch allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassungen und Zustimmungen im Einzelfall geregelt. Da sich das Verst{\"a}rken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung immer mehr zur Regelbauweise entwickelt und die europ{\"a}ische Harmonisierung auf diesem Gebiet voranschreitet, wurde ein neues Regelwerk f{\"u}r die Verst{\"a}rkung von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung geschaffen. Dazu haben sich alle von der Themenstellung betroffenen Parteien in einem Unterausschuss des Deutschen Ausschusses f{\"u}r Stahlbeton zusammengefunden und sich in die Formulierung der DAfStb-Richtlinie .Verst{\"a}rken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung. eingebracht. Nach Abschluss des Einspruchsverfahrens und anschließender Notifizierung erscheint die Richtlinie voraussichtlich im September oder Oktober 2012.}, language = {de} } @article{VanoutriveAldereteDeBelieetal., author = {Vanoutrive, Hanne and Alderete, Natalia and De Belie, Nele and Etxeberria, Miren and Grengg, Cyrill and Ignjatović, Ivan and Ling, Tung-Chai and Liu, Zhiyuan and Garcia-Lodeiro, In{\´e}s and Medina Mart{\´i}nez, C{\´e}sar and Sanchez, Javier and Palomo, Angel and Rebolledo, Nuria and Sakoparnig, Marlene and Sideris, Kosmas and Thiel, Charlotte and Van den Heede, Philip and Vollpracht, Anya and von Greve-Dierfeld, Stefanie and Wei, Jinxin and Zając, Maciej and Gruyaert, Elke}, title = {Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: outcomes of a round robin on the resistance to natural carbonation of Portland, Portland-fly ash and blast-furnace cements and its relation to accelerated carbonation}, series = {Materials and Structures}, volume = {57}, journal = {Materials and Structures}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media}, issn = {1359-5997}, doi = {10.1617/s11527-024-02464-1}, abstract = {Numerous (inter)national standards are in place for assessing the resistance to carbonation of mortar and concrete. Within the framework of RILEM TC 281-CCC 'Carbonation of Concrete with SCMs,' an extensive interlaboratory test campaign (ILT) involving twenty-two participating laboratories worldwide was initiated to compare natural carbonation of concrete and mortar with three different cement types (Portland cement (CEM I), Portland-fly ash cement (CEM II/B-V) and blast-furnace cement (CEM III/B)) and investigate its relation to accelerated carbonation as reported in Vanoutrive et al. (Mater Struct 55:1-29, 2022). It could be concluded that ranking of cement types was analogous between accelerated and natural carbonation methods. Environmental parameters have an important effect on the carbonation rate, however, differences between the mean carbonation rates originating from indoor and sheltered outdoor natural exposure with different exposure conditions and curing regimes were insignificant for each considered cement type. This is caused by the scatter related to carbonation testing among different laboratories. Nevertheless, results showed that a natural exposure period of at least one year is essential to reach a constant carbonation rate over time. For both natural and accelerated carbonation, the carbonation rate increased by 18\% when the aggregate-to-cement ratio increased by 1.79 (concrete versus mortar). This correlation seems insensitive to binder type and exposure method. Finally, the best correlation between natural and accelerated carbonation was found for EN 12390-10 (specifically natural indoor exposure) and EN 12390-12 (accelerated exposure) when only test methods performed by more than one laboratory were considered.}, language = {en} } @article{BernalDhandapaniElakneswaranetal., author = {Bernal, Susan A. and Dhandapani, Yuvaraj and Elakneswaran, Yogarajah and Gluth, Gregor J. G. and Gruyaert, Elke and Juenger, Maria C. G. and Lothenbach, Barbara and Olonade, Kolawole Adisa and Sakoparnig, Marlene and Shi, Zhenguo and Thiel, Charlotte and van den Heede, Philip and Vanoutrive, Hanne and Von Greve-Dierfeld, Stefanie and De Belie, Nele and Provis, John L.}, title = {Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: A critical review of the standardised testing methods to determine carbonation resistance of concrete}, series = {Materials and Structures}, volume = {57}, journal = {Materials and Structures}, number = {8}, publisher = {Springer}, issn = {0025-5432}, doi = {10.1617/s11527-024-02424-9}, pages = {31}, abstract = {The chemical reaction between CO2 and a blended Portland cement concrete, referred to as carbonation, can lead to reduced performance, particularly when concrete is exposed to elevated levels of CO2 (i.e., accelerated carbonation conditions). When slight changes in concrete mix designs or testing conditions are adopted, conflicting carbonation results are often reported. The RILEM TC 281-CCC 'Carbonation of Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials' has conducted a critical analysis of the standardised testing methodologies that are currently applied to determine carbonation resistance of concrete in different regions. There are at least 17 different standards or recommendations being actively used for this purpose, with significant differences in sample curing, pre-conditioning, carbonation exposure conditions, and methods used for determination of carbonation depth after exposure. These differences strongly influence the carbonation depths recorded and the carbonation coefficient values calculated. Considering the importance of accurately determining carbonation potential of concrete, not just for predicting their durability performance, but also for determining the amount of CO2 that concrete can re-absorb during or after its service life, it is imperative to recognise the applicability and limitations of the results obtained from different tests. This will enable researchers and practitioners to adopt the most appropriate testing methodologies to evaluate carbonation resistance, depending on the purpose of the conclusions derived from such testing (e. g. materials selection, service life prediction, CO2 capture potential).}, language = {en} } @article{SpirklNeidhart, author = {Spirkl, Florian and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Lasttransferschichten {\"u}ber pfahlartigen Traggliedern - {\"U}berblick und Vergleich analytischer und numerischer L{\"o}sungen}, series = {geotechnik}, volume = {47}, journal = {geotechnik}, number = {3}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, doi = {10.1002/gete.202400003}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Der Einbau mineralischer, granularer Lasttransferschichten (LTS) zwischen einem Bau-werk und einer Tiefgr{\"u}ndung z. B. aus pfahlartigen Traggliedern (PTG) beeinflusst erheb-lich die Lastaufteilung auf die PTG und den zumeist weichen Boden dazwischen. Eine genaue Kenntnis {\"u}ber die Lastaufteilung ist f{\"u}r die Bemessung der LTS und PTG, aber auch des darauf gegr{\"u}ndeten Bauwerks erforderlich. F{\"u}r die Quantifizierung der Lastauf-teilung wurden eine Vielzahl an Berechnungsans{\"a}tzen entwickelt, welche zumeist auf Modell- oder Großversuchen basieren, aus deren Ergebnissen analytische Ans{\"a}tze entwi-ckelt wurden. Zun{\"a}chst werden ausgew{\"a}hlte Berechnungsans{\"a}tze zur Lastaufteilung vor-gestellt, dann mit Hilfe von Finite-Element-Berechnungen der Einfluss verschiedener Parameter auf die Lastaufteilung veranschaulicht und diskutiert. F{\"u}r geringe Dicken der LTS ergibt sich dabei eine hohe {\"U}bereinstimmung der FE-Berechnungen mit einem Durchstanzmechanismus. Ab einer bestimmten Dicke der LTS, abh{\"a}ngig von ver-schiedensten Randbedingungen, bildet sich in den FE-Berechnungen ein Gew{\"o}lbe aus. Das Einstanzen der PTG in die LTS kann dann durch einen Grundbruchmechanismus beschrieben und als obere Begrenzung der Lastumlagerung auf die PTG angesehen wer-den. Anhand zahlreicher Vergleichsberechnungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die beiden Mechanismen Durchstanzen und Grundbruch in sehr vielen F{\"a}llen ausreichen, um die Lastaufteilung auch ohne FE-Berechnungen abzusch{\"a}tzen.}, language = {de} } @article{AlBalkhyKarmaouiDucoulombieretal., author = {AlBalkhy, Wassim and Karmaoui, Dorra and Ducoulombier, Laure and Lafhaj, Zoubeir and Linner, Thomas}, title = {Digital twins in the built environment: Definition, applications, and challenges}, series = {Automation in Construction}, volume = {162}, journal = {Automation in Construction}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105368}, abstract = {Digital Twins (DT) implementation in the Built Environment (BE) industry is still in its early stages. Aiming to increase the knowledge about DT, this study analyzes how DT can be understood in the BE sector and investigates its different potential benefits and expected challenges. To do so, the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was employed. Using 228 publications, the current study presents a proposed definition and structure for DT systems. The proposed structure is based on four main layers: physical, digital, application, and user layers. The study also classified the applications of DT into six groups: sustainability and environmental, facility management, safety, health, and risk management, structural performance, construction management, and architectural and urban-related applications. The challenges of DT implementation were also grouped based on industry-related, social and organizational, economic, technological, and political and legal challenges. Based on the results, future research directions and practical recommendations were presented to support the successful deployment of the technology.}, language = {en} } @article{BazzurroCornellDiamantidisetal., author = {Bazzurro, Paolo and Cornell, C. and Diamantidis, Dimitris and Manfredini, Gian}, title = {Seismic damage hazard analysis for requalification of nuclear power plant structures: methodology and application}, series = {Nuclear Engineering and Design}, volume = {160}, journal = {Nuclear Engineering and Design}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/0029-5493(95)01111-0}, pages = {321 -- 332}, abstract = {A methodology for the evaluation of the annual probability of occurrence of post-elastic seismic damage in realistic structures is presented. The seismic damage hazard analysis (SDHA) is carried out here by coupling conventional seismic hazard analysis (SHA) for the site and the structural response to earthquakes of different intensities. The structural performance is statistically investigated by conducting appropriate non-linear dynamic analyses for a limited set of real ground-motion records that might potentially pose a threat to the structure at the site. The merging of these two approaches permits calculation of the seismic hazard faced by the structure in direct damage terms. The methodology is presented in this paper with the aid of a simple illustrative case study where the annual probability of damage and, eventually, failure of a power house steel structure is computed. This methodology can find practical applications in seismic retrofit of nuclear power plant structures and in the evaluation of seismic damage hazards in new structure designs.}, language = {en} } @article{HaynackSekandarJithenderetal., author = {Haynack, Alexander and Sekandar, Zadran and Jithender, J. Timothy and Gambarelli, Serena and Kr{\"a}nkel, Thomas and Thiel, Charlotte and Ozbolt, Josko and Gehlen, Christoph}, title = {Can a Hend-Held 3D Scanner Capture Temperature-Induced Strain of Mortar Samples? Comparison between Experimental Measurements and Numerical Simulations}, series = {mathematics}, volume = {11}, journal = {mathematics}, number = {17}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/math11173672}, abstract = {The expected lifespan of cement-based materials, particularly concrete, is at least 50 years. Changes in the pore structure of the material need to be considered due to external influences and associated transport processes. The expansion behaviour of concrete and mortar during freeze-thaw attacks, combined with de-icing salt agents, is crucial for both internal and external damage. It is essential to determine and simulate the expansion behaviour of these materials in the laboratory, as well as detect the slow, long-term expansion in real structures. This study measures the expansion of mortar samples during freeze-thaw loading using a high-resolution hand-held 3D laser scanner. The specimens are prepared with fully or partially saturated pore structures through water storage or drying. During freeze-thaw experiments, the specimens are exposed to pure water or a 3\% sodium chloride solution (NaCl). Results show contraction during freezing and subsequent expansion during thawing. Both test solutions exhibit similar expansion behaviour, with differences primarily due to saturation levels. Further investigations are required to explore the changing expansion behaviour caused by increasing microcracking resulting from continuous freeze-thaw cycles. A numerical analysis using a 3D coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical (HTM) model is conducted to examine the freeze-thaw behaviour of the mortar. The model accurately represents the freezing deformation during the freeze-thaw cycle.}, language = {en} } @article{Linner, author = {Linner, Thomas}, title = {Special issue: Implementation-Oriented Construction Robotics}, series = {Construction Robotics}, volume = {7}, journal = {Construction Robotics}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s41693-023-00100-y}, pages = {1 -- 2}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WagnerNeidhart, author = {Wagner, Bernd and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Die axiale Bettung von KMR in ZFSV und Sand}, series = {"Dumme" Rohre - "Intelligente" Netze: Modelle, Simulation und Steuerung von Infrastrukturen, 30. Oldenburger Rohrleitungsforum}, booktitle = {"Dumme" Rohre - "Intelligente" Netze: Modelle, Simulation und Steuerung von Infrastrukturen, 30. Oldenburger Rohrleitungsforum}, publisher = {Vulkan-Verlag}, address = {Essen}, isbn = {978-3-8027-2799-3}, pages = {736 -- 751}, abstract = {Die Verlegung von Kunststoffverbundmantelrohren (KMR) im Fernw{\"a}rmeleitungsbau ausschließlich in zeitweise fließf{\"a}higen, selbstverdichtenden Verf{\"u}llbaustoffen (ZFSV) in der Leitungszone anstelle in Sand, ist weitgehend neu. Interesse an dieser Methode besteht aus technischer Sicht infolge h{\"o}herer nachgewiesener Haltekr{\"a}fte in Technikums- und Laborversuchen, die die Leitungsbewegungen reduzieren k{\"o}nnen. Es existiert jedoch noch kein praxistaugliches Berechnungsmodell bzw die Grundlagen hierf{\"u}r. U.a. deswegen wird derzeit an der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg (OTH.R) das Forschungsvorhaben "EnEff: W{\"a}rme - Innovative Fernw{\"a}rmeverteilung - Einsatz fließf{\"a}higer Verf{\"u}llbaustoffe zur KMR-Verlegung, Arbeitspaket Bodenmechanik" durchgef{\"u}hrt. Es wird im Referat der Unterschied der axialen Bettung von KMR in ZFSV und Sand anhand einer analytischen L{\"o}sung vorgestellt. Diese erlaubt die Berechnung von Verschiebungen und Normalkr{\"a}ften f{\"u}r das KMR f{\"u}r die Bettung in ZFSV erfolgt dies unter Verwendung der mittels eines neuartigen Versuchs(behalters) Re-SIST nun bestimmbaren bisher unbekannten Kontaktwiderstandsarbeitslinie zwischen ZFSV und PE. Zur Verdeutlichung der Unterschiede bei Sand- und ZFSV-Bettung werden Ergebnisse einer vergleichenden Berechnung an einer sonst identischen KMR-Leitung vorgestellt. Diese zeigen, dass in ZFSV die Verschiebungen geringer ausfallen und weniger Leitungslange in Bewegung ist, was sich mit Beobachtungen an einer Fernw{\"a}rmeleitung in Ulm deckt. Die Ausf{\"u}hrungen gelten f{\"u}r das erstmalige Warmgehen.}, language = {de} } @incollection{KrausObergriesser, author = {Kraus, Michael A. and Obergrießer, Mathias}, title = {Digitale Transformation im Bauwesen - Grundlagen zur k{\"u}nstlichen Intelligenz und deren Anwendung im Wohnungsbau}, series = {Mauerwerk-Kalender 2023: Instandsetzung, Erdbeben, Lehmbau}, volume = {48}, booktitle = {Mauerwerk-Kalender 2023: Instandsetzung, Erdbeben, Lehmbau}, editor = {Brehm, Detleff and Schermer, Eric}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn, a Wiley Brand}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-433-03374-6}, doi = {10.1002/9783433611142.ch12}, pages = {275 -- 308}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag f{\"u}hrt die im Mauerwerk-Kalender 2022 begonnene Reihe zur digitalen Transformation der Planung im Bauwesen weiter. Dazu werden mit Hinblick auf die Anwendung im Wohnungsbau zun{\"a}chst relevante Grundlagen der digitalen Transformation des Bauwesens in Abschnitt~2 sowie k{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz (KI), maschinelles und tiefes Lernen in Abschnitt~3 eingef{\"u}hrt. Insbesondere verfolgt Abschnitt~3 zur KI die Erzielung eines begriff‌lichen und semantischen Verst{\"a}ndnisses verschiedener KI-Algorithmen, Modelle und f{\"u}r das Arbeiten mit Daten, insbesondere f{\"u}r die in Abschnitt~4 und~5 betrachteten Anwendungsbeispiele und Zukunftspotenziale im Wohnungsbau. In Abschnitt~4 werden Anwendungen von KI in den Lebenszyklusphasen eines Immobilienprojekts anhand von Beispielen aufgezeigt. Dabei werden Beispiele zum generativen Design von Wohnungsgrundrissen in fr{\"u}hen Planungsphasen, die Unterst{\"u}tzung von statischen Berechnungen mit KI, der Einsatz von KI im Zuge der Bauausf{\"u}hrung sowie im Betrieb einer Immobilie detaillierter betrachtet. Abgeschlossen wird dieser Beitrag mit einem Ausblick, welcher die Gesamtheit der dargestellten Inhalte betrachtet und bewertet, sodass ein Ableiten von Schlussfolgerungen, Implikationen und Empfehlungen f{\"u}r Forschung und Baupraxis bzgl. der digitalen Transformation und des Einsatzes von KI m{\"o}glich wird.}, language = {de} } @article{IturraldeLinnerBock, author = {Iturralde, Kepa and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas}, title = {Matching kit interface for building refurbishment processes with 2D modules}, series = {Automation in Construction}, volume = {110}, journal = {Automation in Construction}, number = {February}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.autcon.2019.103003}, abstract = {A need exists for faster installation of prefabricated modules in the refurbishment market. Current solutions for installing and fitting prefabricated modules on existing buildings are time consuming. The objective of this research is to reduce the time currently required for the installation of timber-based 2D modules by using innovative technologies while improving placement accuracy. A novel installation concept was proposed based on a digitally produced matching kit interface that corrects existing building's irregularities and connector placement deviations. This solution was tested, validated, and compared in several manufacturing contexts. The tests recorded measurable variables such as the manufacturing time and placement accuracy of the modules. The results demonstrate decreases up to 73\% in installation time and placement deviations of less than 2 mm.}, language = {en} } @techreport{EhrariAndersenHenningBojeValketal., author = {Ehrari, Humira and Andersen, Henning Boje, and Valk, Carlijn and Lu, Yuan and Visser, Thomas and Larsen, Rasmus Tolstrup and Korfitsen, Christoffer Bruun and Langberg, Henning and Randriambelonoro, Mirana E. and Sch{\"a}pers, Barbara and Linner, Thomas}, title = {User acceptance and motivational strategies}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.20619.64800}, abstract = {This deliverable describes the results and reflections by the partners' efforts on user acceptance and motivation strategies. The report presents the outcome of an identification and detailing of user acceptance and motivation strategies for the overall system (REACH, Touchpoints \& Engine concept) and subsystems (Touchpoints, REACH toolkit elements), providing full consideration and detailing of ethical, privacy, legal and usability/accessibility aspects. The REACH system incorporates two strands of technological elements; on the one hand, sensing and monitoring elements, and, on the other hand, motivational and physical engagement elements. For both types, user acceptance is critical allowing for a user experience that leads to (intrinsic, extrinsic, etc.) motivation to more physical activity. The remainder of this Deliverable is structured as follows. First, we introduce the REACH-specific interplay of the concept "user acceptance" with the linked concepts "behaviour change/motivation" and "personalization" in the context of (early) physical activation of elderly persons, and outline the related work and activities conducted in REACH (overall and per TP). Second, we present an analysis and structuring of acceptability drivers (ethical, privacy/security, legal, and accessibility considerations) per Touchpoint. From this we developed an integrated view that represents REACH specific know-how about how to use these acceptability drivers to integrate advanced ICT-driven technology for early detection and intervention use cases seamlessly into age inclusive communities. Third, we present our findings in the context of the development of acceptability drivers for the use of sensing and monitoring elements. We conclude the deliverable by outlining acceptability related evidence and examples from REACH trials (based on Deliverable D27 findings), and by summarizing the overall findings of this deliverable.}, language = {en} } @book{AppeltBoesl, author = {Appelt, Andreas and B{\"o}sl, Bernhard}, title = {Straßenplanung}, edition = {10. Aufl.}, publisher = {Reguvis}, isbn = {978-3-8462-1361-2}, pages = {464}, abstract = {„Intelligente und nachhaltige" Straßenplanungen bestimmen in Zeiten knapper werdender {\"o}ffentlicher Kassen und der Erfordernis zur Schonung der {\"o}kologischen Ressourcen zunehmend den Arbeitsalltag des planenden Ingenieurs. Das Buch integriert die einschl{\"a}gigen Richtlinien, Merkbl{\"a}tter und Empfehlungen so in die existierenden theoretischen Straßenplanungsgrundlagen, dass sowohl der Studierende als auch der bereits im Beruf Stehende einen umfassenden {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den neuesten Stand der Technik gewinnt. Das Buch vermittelt das wesentliche Grundlagenwissen f{\"u}r die erfolgreiche digitale Planungsarbeit, beschreibt die grundlegenden Zusammenh{\"a}nge und veranschaulicht sie anhand von Beispielen.}, language = {de} } @article{DiamantidisHolickySykora, author = {Diamantidis, Dimitris and Holicky, Milan and S{\´y}kora, Miroslav}, title = {Reliability and Risk Acceptance Criteria for Civil Engineering Structures}, series = {Transactions of the VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series}, volume = {16}, journal = {Transactions of the VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series}, number = {2}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {The specification of risk and reliability acceptance criteria is a key issue of reliability verifications of new and existing structures. Current target reliability levels in standards appear to have considerable scatter. Critical review of risk acceptance approaches to societal, economic and environmental risk indicates that an optimal design strategy is mostly dominated by economic aspects while human safety aspects need to be verified only in special cases. It is recommended to specify the target levels considering economic optimisation and the marginal life-saving costs principle, as both these approaches take into account the failure consequences and costs of safety measures.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ThielGehlen, author = {Thiel, Charlotte and Gehlen, Christoph}, title = {On the determination of carbonation in cementitious materials}, series = {Challenges in Design and Management of Structures. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Materials Systems and Structures (SMSS2019) Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 18.-22.03.2019, Rovinja, Croatio}, booktitle = {Challenges in Design and Management of Structures. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Materials Systems and Structures (SMSS2019) Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 18.-22.03.2019, Rovinja, Croatio}, publisher = {RILEM}, isbn = {978-2-35158-217-6}, pages = {373 -- 380}, abstract = {For material testing, qualification and subsequent assessment fast, simple, reliable and economic methods are needed. This paper provides an overview of different techniques to determine the depth of carbonation in cementitious materials. The easiest and cheapest way is to remove a core or a fragment of concrete cover and spray a colour indicator on the fresh fractured surface (by splitting). Here, 1 \% phenolphthalein in 70 \% ethanol is most widely used. However, this only indicates in which area the concrete has a pH value below 8.2-10, but not the actual carbonation front which is on average about 20 \% higher. Since phenolphthalein is carcinogenic, alternative colour indicators were investigated in the laboratory. 0.5 \% Curcumin showed similar colour change to phenolphthalein. In addition, 0.1 \% thymolphthalein proved to be an alternative. Scattering within one measurement was lower than for phenolphthalein and the results were closer to the carbonation depths determined by different analytical methods (TGA and LA-ICP-MS). Furthermore, the transition pH-value of thymolphthalein is in the area of 9.3-10.5 which is closer to the actual carbonation front, allowing a more accurate assessment of the risk of reinforcement corrosion.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FinckhZilch, author = {Finckh, Wolfgang and Zilch, Konrad}, title = {Comparison of Guidelines for Externally Bonded Reinforcement}, series = {Codes in structural engineering - Developments and needs for international practice ; joint IABSE - fib conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 3 - 5, 2010}, booktitle = {Codes in structural engineering - Developments and needs for international practice ; joint IABSE - fib conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 3 - 5, 2010}, address = {Zagreb}, isbn = {978-9537621087}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PankrathGoemmelAlberetal., author = {Pankrath, Holger and G{\"o}mmel, Roland and Alber, D. and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Stabilising Columns - design recommendations}, series = {XVI Panamerican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Cancun, Mexico, 17. - 20.11.2019, TC205-meeting}, booktitle = {XVI Panamerican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Cancun, Mexico, 17. - 20.11.2019, TC205-meeting}, publisher = {IOS Press}, language = {en} } @article{WagnerNeidhartWeidlichetal., author = {Wagner, Bernd and Neidhart, Thomas and Weidlich, Ingo and Schleyer, A.}, title = {Innovative Fernw{\"a}rmeverteilung: Einsatz fließf{\"a}higer Verf{\"u}llbaustoffe zur KMR-Verlegung}, series = {Euroheat \& power : W{\"a}rme, K{\"a}lte, Kraft-W{\"a}rme-Kopplung}, volume = {42}, journal = {Euroheat \& power : W{\"a}rme, K{\"a}lte, Kraft-W{\"a}rme-Kopplung}, number = {9}, publisher = {VDE-Verlag}, issn = {0949-166X}, pages = {54 -- 56}, language = {de} } @article{HoengEderKrausetal., author = {H{\"o}ng, Simon and Eder, Friedrich and Kraus, Michael A. and Obergrießer, Mathias}, title = {Entwicklung einer synthetischen Datenpipeline zum dom{\"a}nen-spezifischen Lernens eines neuronalen Netzes im Bauwesen [in progress]}, series = {Bauingenieur}, volume = {98}, journal = {Bauingenieur}, publisher = {VDI-Fachmedien}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {1436-4867}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HuKaboutehPawlitzaetal., author = {Hu, Rongbo and Kabouteh, Amir and Pawlitza, Katja and G{\"u}ttler, J{\"o}rg and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas}, title = {Developing Personalized Intelligent Interior Units to Promote Activity and Customized Healthcare for Aging Society}, series = {Proceedings of the 36th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2019), 21.05.2019-24.05.2019, Banff, Canada}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 36th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2019), 21.05.2019-24.05.2019, Banff, Canada}, editor = {Al-Hussein, Mohamed}, publisher = {The International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction}, isbn = {978-952-69524-0-6}, doi = {10.22260/ISARC2019/0032}, pages = {234 -- 241}, abstract = {The world's population is aging at an unprecedented pace. Aging society is not only a severe crisis in the developed world such as Germany and Japan, but also a rigorous challenge in emerging economies such as China. Many age-related diseases are fostered by the lack of physical, cognitive, and social activities. Increasing the activity level has many benefits for the elderly and can improve their independence. The research project REACH (funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement No. 690425) aims to develop a service system that will turn clinical and care environments into personalized modular sensing, prevention, and intervention systems that encourage the elderly to become healthy through activities (e.g., physical, cognitive, socializing, personalized food, etc.). As a core research partner, the Chair of Building Realization and Robotics at Technical University of Munich developed a series of Personalized Intelligent Interior Units (PI²Us), which are a special type of smart furniture, that materialize the REACH concepts and functionality seamlessly into the different REACH use case settings. Specifically, the design and functions of the PI²Us, which consist of the PI²U-SilverArc, PI²U-MiniArc, PI²U-Bed, and PI²U-iStander, will be described in detail. In addition, a modular apartment integrating all PI²Us and key technologies in REACH is designed and simulated to create a total interior living and care environment for elderly users. Due to its modularity, parts of the apartment can be easily adapted and rapidly deployed in different REACH use case settings in four European countries, which will then help the REACH consortium execute a series of testing activities. In conclusion, this research project provides a systematic and innovative example for the world to mitigate the impact of aging society.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PanHuLinneretal., author = {Pan, Wen and Hu, Rongbo and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas}, title = {Developing a roadmap for implementing on-site construction automation and robotics in Hong Kong}, series = {CIB World Building Congress 2019 "Constructing Smart Cities" ; 17.06.2019-21.06.2019, Hong Kong, China}, booktitle = {CIB World Building Congress 2019 "Constructing Smart Cities" ; 17.06.2019-21.06.2019, Hong Kong, China}, abstract = {For a long time, the conventional construction sector in Hong Kong has been perceived as old-fashioned and lagging behind compared to many other industrial sectors. Numerous challenges are facing the construction industry, such as diminishing productivity, unstable quality, increasing demand, as well as population aging and shortage in the local labor market. One possible solution is to identify and deploy the state-of-the-art technologies that could potentially be implemented in the Hong Kong construction industry. Many studies have been documented about the design and development of a specific construction robotic system. However, there is limited literature on how to investigate the implementation and integration of a range of proposed systems in a specific, local context, and to evaluate the process and impact from short-term, mid-term, and long-term perspectives. Based on the ongoing consultancy project commissioned by the Construction Industry Council (CIC) in Hong Kong, this paper demonstrates the method adopted in proposing a systematic approach as well as the development of a comprehensive roadmap for implementing on-site construction automation and robotic technologies in the context of Hong Kong. In general, the proposed roadmap, which is structured based on the reviews of the current situation in Hong Kong's construction industry, will evaluate short-term and mid-term practical strategies and action plans. Furthermore, it will forecast a long-term perspective, aspirations, and potential business strategy. The activity of road-mapping is extended with the objective to mitigate existing risks and barriers, and to plan ahead. Eventually, it will serve as a guideline for the construction industry in Hong Kong and beyond to execute similar types of projects in the future.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SykoraDiamantidisMasciotta, author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Diamantidis, Dimitris and Masciotta, Maria Giovanna}, title = {Optimising In-situ Testing for Historic Masonry Structures: a Case Study}, series = {International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019): Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 20-22 March 2019, Rovinj, Croatia}, booktitle = {International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019): Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 20-22 March 2019, Rovinj, Croatia}, publisher = {RILEM Publications SARL}, isbn = {978-2-35158-217-6}, pages = {684 -- 691}, abstract = {Masonry structures were built by means of various techniques, using materials whose properties exhibit a considerable scatter depending on the period of construction, region- specific soil resources and manufacturing procedures. Significant spatial variability within the structural system is often observed due to diverse deterioration mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to obtain case-specific information on the mechanical properties of existing masonry structures. The case study of a historic building illustrates how the number of destructive tests (DTs) used to calibrate non-destructive tests (NDTs) can be optimised for the reliability assessment. Calibrated NDTs are used to establish the probabilistic model for compressive masonry strength. The specific focus is on compressive strength of masonry units; tests of mortar strength are only briefly discussed. The preliminary assessment is based on non-calibrated NDTs. The number of DTs for calibration is then optimised by means of probabilistic cost optimisation, considering also possible subsequent actions - 'do nothing' or 'strengthen the structure'. It appears that the estimates of masonry unit strength based on NDTs are associated with large dispersion and may be significantly biased. Consequently, it is often beneficial to conduct at least one DT. A practical tool is provided to determine optimum number of DTs for different outcomes of a NDT survey and different failure consequences.}, language = {en} } @misc{NeidhartWeidlich, author = {Neidhart, Thomas and Weidlich, Ingo}, title = {Grundlagen zur statischen Berechnung mit ZFSV}, series = {Projektabschlussveranstaltung „Verbundvorhaben: EnEff:W{\"a}rme: FW-ZFSV 4.0"}, journal = {Projektabschlussveranstaltung „Verbundvorhaben: EnEff:W{\"a}rme: FW-ZFSV 4.0"}, language = {de} } @article{TestorKusterle, author = {Testor, Markus and Kusterle, Wolfgang}, title = {Ermittlung der Spritzbetondruckfestigkeiten - Modifiziertes Setzbolzenverfahren und Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Druckfestigkeit von der Probek{\"o}rpergeometrie.}, series = {Zement + Beton}, volume = {98}, journal = {Zement + Beton}, number = {3}, publisher = {Zement und Beton Handels- und Werbeges.}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0514-2946}, pages = {20 -- 23}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ParićKusterle, author = {Parić, I. and Kusterle, Wolfgang}, title = {Investigation, assessment and realtime readjustment of the rheological properties of SCC}, series = {SynerCrete'18 : Interdisciplinary Approaches for Cement-based Materials and Structural Concrete : Synergizing Expertise and Bridging Scales of Space and Time 24.-26. Oktober 2018, Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal}, booktitle = {SynerCrete'18 : Interdisciplinary Approaches for Cement-based Materials and Structural Concrete : Synergizing Expertise and Bridging Scales of Space and Time 24.-26. Oktober 2018, Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal}, editor = {Azenha, Miguel and Schlicke, Dirk and Benboudjema, Farid and Jędrzejewska, Agnieszka}, isbn = {978-2-35158-202-2}, pages = {255 -- 260}, abstract = {This paper discusses a new fresh concrete control system with the following structure: a rheometer measures the fresh concrete directly after the mixing process, during a short break. The viscosity and the dynamic yield point are determined by a ball rheometer. The rheological parameters viscosity and dynamic yield point describe the consistency and thus the pouring ability and consequently the quality of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). Data collected from the measurement are the basis for an expert system which will help to readjust mixes with deviating rheology. Firstly, investigations were carried out during the development of different SCC mixtures in the COST TU 1404 Action. Secondly, investigations were done in two precast plants. A ball rheometer was installed in the respective mixers. The SCC for premium precast products was tested then during ongoing production. In addition, several test series were carried out in the laboratory of the OTH with the respective constitutive materials. During the test series, the mix designs of the well working SCC's were modified by using a deviating water content. Subsequently, using the rheological data, water, superplasticizer or stabilizing agents were added to the mix, trying to reach proper workability again. The graphs for the changing rheological properties as a function of the respective amount of start water content and additional water dosage or admixture dosage were generated and analyzed for the mixes of the two precast plants. With this information and experience, an expert system for the mix readjustment is currently under development.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DiamantidisSykora, author = {Diamantidis, Dimitris and S{\´y}kora, Miroslav}, title = {Implementing Information Gained through Structural Health Monitoring - Proposal for Standards}, series = {13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, Mai 2019, Seoul, Korea}, booktitle = {13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, Mai 2019, Seoul, Korea}, abstract = {With exception of a few issues such as design by testing, current standards do not include guidelines on the use and the quantification of value of additional information gained through Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). This contribution summarizes a recently developed draft of the guideline for practicing engineers in the framework of the EU-COST project 1402 and illustrates its application in engineering decision-making. Besides continuous and periodic monitoring, visual inspection, non-destructive evaluation and proof loading are included herein as a simple form of SHM. The guideline is independent of a type of structure, construction materials, loading, and of environmental conditions. It aims at a wide field of application including design of new structures, assessment of existing structures and type specific monitoring of a population of structures. The decision process related to the use of SHM is presented first together with relevant decision objectives and variables. Performance indicators are summarized and discussed with respect to the performance objectives. The evaluation of monitoring strategies based on life cycle costs is exposed and the selection of optimal intervention actions including safety measures is shown in representative case studies. The results demonstrate the potential of the use of monitoring to support engineering decisions and reflect though the practical benefits from the application of the guideline.}, language = {en} } @article{Diamantidis, author = {Diamantidis, Dimitris}, title = {A Critical View on Environmental and Human Risk Acceptance Criteria}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Science and Development}, volume = {8}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Science and Development}, number = {1}, doi = {10.18178/ijesd.2017.8.1.921}, pages = {62 -- 66}, abstract = {Natural and technological hazards have a major impact on environmental and human safety. Risk assessment plays an essential role in the risk management of the effects of such hazards. This contribution summarizes first the general formulation of risk depending on two parameters: hazard probability and associated consequences. Problems faced in industrial applications based on the experience of the author are discussed. Risk acceptance criteria for the contributors to risk i.e. human, economic and environment are critically reviewed. Resilience based criteria are also included and conclusions for future developments are provided.}, language = {en} } @misc{Spirkl, author = {Spirkl, Florian}, title = {Zyklische Belastung von Boden-Bindemittel-Gemischen}, abstract = {W{\"a}hrend es zahlreiche Untersuchungen zum Verhalten von B{\"o}den unter zyklischen und dynamischen Belastungen gibt, gibt es nur wenige Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen zu zyklischen Belastungen an Bindemittel-stabilisierter B{\"o}den. Dabei werden diese Boden-Bindemittel-Gemische (BBG) vielseitig eingesetzt (z.B. qualifizierte Bodenverfestigung, Bodenmischs{\"a}ulen, zeitweise fließf{\"a}hige Erdbaustoffe). Die durchgef{\"u}hrten Versuche zielen darauf ab, ein tiefergehendes Verst{\"a}ndnis f{\"u}r das Materialverhalten von BBG zu gewinnen. Hierf{\"u}r wurden an verschiedenen Mischungen zyklische Versuche mit variierenden Spannungsamplituden durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Untersuchungen teilen sich in 2 Versuchsreihen auf. Zum einen wird die Oberspannung nahe der einax. Druckfestigkeit des BBG gew{\"a}hlt. Das Verhalten {\"a}hnelt dem Kurzzeitfestigkeitsbereich der W{\"o}hlerlinie. Bereits nach wenigen (<1.000) Zyklen kommt es zu einem Versagen der Probe. Dieses Verhalten konnte f{\"u}r verschiedene Bindemittel-Geh{\"a}lter und verschiedene Ausgangsb{\"o}den ermittelt werden. Zum anderen wird die Auswirkung einer Druck-Schwell-Belastung mit niedriger Oberspannung (gew{\"a}hlt 1/3 der einax. Druckfestigkeit). Hier wurden nach N=10^6 Zyklen abschließend die einax. Druckfestigkeit ermittelt. Dabei wurde ein signifikanter Festigkeitszuwachs bei allen Proben ermittelt, der {\"u}ber das Maß der reinen Nacherh{\"a}rtung hinausgeht. Die Versuche zeigen, dass in Folge einer zyklischen Belastung eine Nachverdichtung des Bodens, eine Zerst{\"o}rung der Bindemittelstruktur oder die Kombination beider Effekte auftreten. Neben dem Spannungsniveau ist hierbei auch das Ausgangsmaterial sowie Art und Menge des Bindemittelgehalts von Bedeutung.}, language = {de} } @book{HolickyDiamantidisSykoraetal., author = {Holick{\´y}, Milan and Diamantidis, Dimitris and S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Markov{\´a}, Jana and Vrouwenfelder, Ton and Tanner, Peter and Arteaga, Angel and Lara Sarache, Carlos and Croce, Pietro and Toprak, Selcuk and Senel, Sevket Murat and Inel, Mehmet}, title = {Methods for the risk assessment and risk-based management of aging infrastructure}, publisher = {Czech Technical University in Prague, Klokner Institute}, address = {Prague}, isbn = {978-80-01-05611-0}, abstract = {The Leonardo da Vinci Project, "Innovation Transfer in Risk Assessment and Management of Aging Infrastructures", CZ/13/LLP-LdV/TOI/134014, addresses the urgent need to train students, young engineers and professionals in the assessment of existing infrastructures. The future of the construction industry lies in moving from new constructions towards the maintenance, repair and rehabilitation of existing structures, particularly of aging infrastructures. Risk management consisting of risk assessment and risk control of existing structure therefore plays thereby an important role. The assessment of existing infrastructures is an imperative issue of great economic significance in most countries around the world, as more than 50 \% of all construction activities concerns existing buildings, bridges and other civil engineering works. At present, the Eurocodes which will be used in all CEN Member countries are primarily focused on the design of new structures. Additional operational rules for existing structures are still missing. The international standard ISO 13822 provides only general principles for the assessment of existing structures which should be further developed for their effective operational use in practice. The overall procedure of risk management of aging infrastructures is therefore an urgent issue of great economic significance in most countries around the world. This is primarily caused due to the fact that many infrastructures are affected by action effects, fatigue and environmental influences, and inevitably deteriorate. Moreover, available resources for the maintenance, repair or possible replacement of infrastructures are always limited. Typical questions and problems which must be solved in this context can be summarized as follows: • What is the current state of a particular infrastructure? • What is an acceptable level of the relevant risk? • Which aspects are critical to sustainable performance? • What is the optimum life-cycle cost? • What is the best long-term funding strategy? The proposed project highlights the above problems and focusses also on vocational training in risk management and assessment of aging infrastructure in the partner countries (CZ, DE, ES, IT and TR). The current project addresses the urgent need for practical implementation of principles of the management and risk assessment of existing infrastructures in all the partner countries. The project is supported by the Czech Chamber of Chartered Engineers (ČKAIT). The project consortium, under the leadership of the Klokner Institute of the Czech Technical University in Prague (KI CTU), consists of five other partners, including research institutions and universities from three EU Member States (DE, ES, IT) as well as one associated country (TR), and also the Secondary Technical School of Civil Engineering in Ceske Budejovice (CZ). All researchers within the partnership are involved in research projects dealing with reliability assessment of existing structures. They participate in the national and international standardization activities within the international organizations CEN (European Committee for Standardisation) and ISO (International Standardization Organisation). The project outcomes consist of vocational training materials based on international research and relevant standard committee's activities, and on the significant experience gained from case studies, and on selected results obtained from the previous projects of the Leonardo da Vinci programme. In particular, the experience gained by the partners of the present consortium from the completed project on vocational training related to assessment of existing structures is utilized. Available innovations are transferred to undergraduate and graduate students, practising engineers and local government representatives. The developed training materials are of practical use in offering illustrative examples and several case studies. All the project outcomes are based on documents of the international research organization, Joint Committee on Structural Safety JCSS and international research projects, selected outcomes of the previous project of the Leonardo da Vinci programme (developed by five partners of the present consortium in 2013-2015) and also on background documents to the new European and international standards. Particular outcomes of the proposed project include practical handbooks, software tools, web-sites, e-learning, courses and seminars organized in the partners´ home countries. The project outcomes will also be offered to other European countries through code committees work, lectures and the project web-sites. It is foreseen that the outcomes being used by engineers, designers, technicians, and representatives of public authorities involved in planning and management will have an impact on the risk-based management of infrastructures. One of the important project outcomes is the present Handbook 1 "Methods for the Risk Assessment and Risk-Based Management of Aging Infrastructure", which is focussed on general procedures of risk-management and assessment of aging infrastructures. The methodologies provided are independent of the type of structure and material, and are compatible with the background methodologies used in the Eurocodes. Operational techniques for the assessment of aging infrastructures supplemented by illustrative case studies are presented in Handbook 2 and Handbook 3, which also result from the mentioned project. Handbook 1 consists of ten chapters and one annex. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview of the basic concepts used in the management and risk assessment of existing structures, supplemented by the basic definitions and terminology. Chapter 2 summarizes current applicable standards, codes and recommendations related to actions and environmental influences on existing structures. Chapter 3 reviews the most important degradation models due to environmental influences. Fatigue effects are treated separately in Chapter 4. The following Chapters, 5, 6, 7 and 8, are devoted step by step to the entire procedure of risk management, including probabilistic reliability analysis, consequence analysis, risk evaluation and risk assessment based on risk acceptance criteria, and consequently provide important information supporting decisions concerning the safety of the structure. The last two Chapters, 9 and 10, illustrate instructive case studies concerning risk management and risk assessment of road tunnels. Annex A presents basic statistical methods and techniques used in the evaluation and updating of available data required for probability and consequence analysis. It is believed that the material of this handbook is presented in an understandable way, illustrated by several realistic examples. A number of references mentioned in each chapter provide additional background materials, further guidance and information useful for particular practical applications. Prague and Regensburg, 2014}, language = {en} } @techreport{AndersenSchaepersKreweretal., author = {Andersen, Henning Boje and Sch{\"a}pers, Barbara and Krewer, Carmen and Ehrari, Humira and Schlandt, Marcel and Linner, Thomas}, title = {Formalised results of pretesting I and II activities}, abstract = {In this deliverable, we present, structure and interpret the formalised results of all testing activities that have been carried out thus far in REACH. We first (Chapter 2) introduce the detailed testing strategy of REACH, which details and brings forward previously described conceptual provisions (see Deliverables D4, D9 and D29) and responds to previous reviewer comments (R5 and R6, second review, November 2017; aiming at the improved emphasis of geriatric and medical aspects and their normalisation across Touchpoints and project activities). In response to the reviewers' comments, REACH re-aligned some of its resources and formed a medical/geriatric task force (SK, HUG, DTU, TUM), which analyses and streamlines testing activities across Touchpoints, clarifies the common goals and measures, and works towards a normalisation of study designs and tools used across the project. We outline in this context the overall hypothesis for the REACH system along with four well-defined sub-hypotheses for each Touchpoint. Based on this, in Chapter 3, we present our methodological approach with regard to testing in REACH and provide an overview and a classification system for all testing activities carried out. Accordingly, in Chapter 4, we present the results (documentation of the carried-out testing activities), and in Chapter 5, we interpret the testing results. Chapter 6 summarises the state of play regarding testing in REACH and outlines the next steps and upcoming activities. The Appendix contains the full trial reports sorted according to a variety of items. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 690425.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{IturraldeFeuchtHuetal., author = {Iturralde, Kepa and Feucht, Malte and Hu, Rongbo and Pan, Wen and Schlandt, Marcel and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas and Izard, Jean-Baptizste and Eskudero, Ibon and Rodriguez, Mariola and Gorrotxategi, Jose and Astudillo, Julen and Cavalcanti Santos, Jo{\~a}o. and Gouttefarde, Marc and Fabritius, Marc and Martin, Christoph and Henninge, Tomas and Stein, M. Nornes and Normes, Stein M. and Jacobsen, Yngve and Pracucci, Alessandro and Ca{\~n}ada, Jesus and Jimenez-Vicaria, Jose David and Paulotto, Carlo and Alonso, Rub{\´e}n and Elia, Lorenzo}, title = {A Cable Driven Parallel Robot with a Modular End Effector for the Installation of Curtain Wall Modules (Best Paper Award)}, series = {Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, October 27-28, 2020, Kitakyushu, Japan}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, October 27-28, 2020, Kitakyushu, Japan}, editor = {Tateyama, Kazuyoshi and Ishii, Kazuo and Inoue, Fumihiro}, publisher = {The International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (I.A.A.R.C.)}, isbn = {978-952-94-3634-7}, doi = {10.22260/ISARC2020/0204}, pages = {1472 -- 1479}, abstract = {The installation of curtain wall modules (CWMs) is a risky activity carried out in the heights and often under unfavorable weather conditions. CWMs are heavy prefabricated walls that are lifted normally with bindings and cranes. High stability is needed while positioning in order not to damage the fragile CWMs. Moreover, this activity requires high precision while positioning brackets, the modules, and for that reason, intensive survey and marking are necessary. In order to avoid such inconveniences, there were experiences to install fa{\c{c}}ade modules in automatic mode using robotic devices. In the research project HEPHAESTUS, a novel system has been developed in order to install CWMs automatically. The system consists of two subsystems: a cable driven parallel robot (CDPR) and a set of robotic tools named as Modular End Effector (MEE). The platform of the CDPR hosts the MEE. This MEE performs the necessary tasks of installing the curtain wall modules. There are two main tasks that the CDPR and MEE need to achieve: first is the fixation of the brackets onto the concrete slab, and second is the picking and placing of the CWMs onto the brackets. The first integration of the aforementioned system was carried out in a controlled environment that resembled a building structure. The results of this first test show that there are minor deviations when positioning the CDPR platform. In future steps, the deviations will be compensated by the tools of the MEE and the installation of the CWM will be carried out with the required accuracy automatically.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FinckhZilch, author = {Finckh, Wolfgang and Zilch, Konrad}, title = {Influence of member-specific effects the bond force transfer of reinforced concrete strengthened with externally bonded CFRP-strips}, series = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium "Bond in concrete 2012: Bond, Anchorage, Detailing" -Brescia, Italy, 17th - 20th June 2012. Volume 2: Bond in New Materials and Under Severe Conditions}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium "Bond in concrete 2012: Bond, Anchorage, Detailing" -Brescia, Italy, 17th - 20th June 2012. Volume 2: Bond in New Materials and Under Severe Conditions}, publisher = {Publisher creation}, address = {Manerbio}, isbn = {978-88-907078-3-4}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NeidhartGoemmel, author = {Neidhart, Thomas and G{\"o}mmel, Roland}, title = {Spreizverformungen von Erdd{\"a}mmen auf S{\"a}ulen und Pf{\"a}hlen - Betrachtungen zur Spannungs- und Verformungskompatibilit{\"a}t}, series = {7. Fachtagung Geotechnik an der HTW Dresden, 23. November 2023, Dresden}, booktitle = {7. Fachtagung Geotechnik an der HTW Dresden, 23. November 2023, Dresden}, address = {Dresden}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Nach Einf{\"u}hrung in die Thematik werden unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigungen der EBGEO und des aktuellen Entwurfs des neuen Eurocodes 7, Teil 3 numerische Berechnungen zur Beanspruchung unbewehrter pfahlartiger Tragglieder / Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen aufgrund von Spreizverformungen von Erdd{\"a}mmen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Dabei werden u.a. die Materialeigenschaften der Tragglieder und die Dehnsteifigkeiten eingelegter Geogitter variiert, sowie deren Einfl{\"u}sse auf die Verdrehung und Verbiegung der Tragglieder aufgezeigt.}, language = {de} } @misc{Goemmel, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland}, title = {Absch{\"a}tzung der transversalen Widerst{\"a}nde von bindemittelstabilisierten Bodenmischs{\"a}ulen zur Berechnung der Standsicherheit von B{\"o}schungen}, address = {Regensburg}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{GoemmelHuber, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland and Huber, M.}, title = {Systematische Untersuchung des Durchschiebewiderstandes von PEHD-Rohren in Fl{\"u}ssigboden anhand kleinmaßst{\"a}blicher Laborversuche}, address = {Regensburg}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GoemmelNeidhart, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Zum Ansatz von Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit}, series = {10. Kolloquium Bauen in Boden und Fels, Technische Akademie Esslingen, 19. + 20. Januar 2016, Esslingen}, booktitle = {10. Kolloquium Bauen in Boden und Fels, Technische Akademie Esslingen, 19. + 20. Januar 2016, Esslingen}, isbn = {978-3-943563-21-4}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WagnerNeidhartGoemmel, author = {Wagner, Bernd and Neidhart, Thomas and G{\"o}mmel, Roland}, title = {Bodenmechanische Eigenschaften von ZFSV und zementbasierte Prognosemodelle zur Druckfestigkeitsentwicklung}, series = {10. Kolloquium Bauen in Boden und Fels, Technische Akademie Esslingen, 19. + 20. Januar 2016, Esslingen}, booktitle = {10. Kolloquium Bauen in Boden und Fels, Technische Akademie Esslingen, 19. + 20. Januar 2016, Esslingen}, isbn = {978-3-943563-21-4}, pages = {125 -- 142}, abstract = {Der wissenschaftliche Untersuchungsstand von Zeitweise fließf{\"a}higen, selbstverdichtenden Verf{\"u}llbaustoffen (ZSFV) unter Zugabe von Zement und/ oder Bentonit sowie Wasser zu Grundmaterial ist gering. Die OTH Regensburg (OTH.R) untersucht im Forschungsvorhaben EnEff systematisch verschiedene ZFSV f{\"u}r den Einsatz im Infrastrukturbau, speziell Fernw{\"a}rmeleitungen. Neben der dort haupts{\"a}chlich interessierenden Kontaktmechanik zu axialen Temperaturdehnungsbehinderung werden bodenmechanische Eigenschaften und deren Zeitabh{\"a}ngigkeit untersucht. Im Beitrag werden nach einer einf{\"u}hrenden Charakterisierung von ZFSV und kurzen Darstellung der Bedeutung der Zugabe von Zement und Bentonit Ergebnisse von bodenmechanischen Untersuchungen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit des Materialalters und teilweise in Referenz zum Grundmaterial (hier: Boden) vorgestellt. Im Weiteren werden zwei auf ZFSV adaptierte, zementbasierte Prognosemodelle zur Vorhersage der zeitlichen Entwicklung der Druckfestigkeit vorgestellt.}, language = {de} } @article{GoemmelNeidhart, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Nachweis gegen Grundbruch bei Fundamenten auf Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen}, series = {Konstruktiver Ingenieurbau}, journal = {Konstruktiver Ingenieurbau}, number = {3}, publisher = {Reguvis Fachmedien}, issn = {2509-2847}, pages = {5 -- 11}, abstract = {Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen sind hydraulisch abgebundene und unbewehrte, schlanke, pfahlartige Tragglieder, welche in der Praxis zunehmend als {\"o}konomische Alternative zu Tieferf{\"u}hrungen, Pfahlgr{\"u}ndungen oder Bodenaustauschmaßnahmen eingesetzt werden. Bei der Anwendung von Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen sind grunds{\"a}tzlich zwei wesentliche Einsatzzwecke zu unterscheiden: Ableitung oberfl{\"a}chlicher Lasten in tieferliegende tragf{\"a}higere Schichten (Setzungsreduktion) vs. Erh{\"o}hung der Gesamtstandsicherheit (B{\"o}schungsbruch, Grundbruch). In beiden F{\"a}llen ist jedoch eine eingehende Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Lastabtragungsverhaltens und der Interaktion zwischen Boden und Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen erforderlich. Aufgrund der im Vergleich zu konventionellen Pf{\"a}hlen geringeren Durchmesser sowie der fehlenden Bewehrung versagen die Tragglieder bereits bei geringen Querbeanspruchungen. Die beim Verlust der Gesamtstandsicherheit auftretenden Versagensmechanismen der Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen werden nicht durch die in den bestehenden Normen getroffenen Annahmen abgedeckt, wodurch in der Praxis verbreitete Ans{\"a}tze, wie z. B. die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen {\"u}ber „verschmierte Bodenparameter" den Beitrag der Tragglieder zumeist deutlich {\"u}bersch{\"a}tzen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Wirkungsweise von Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen bei axialer und lateraler Beanspruchung erl{\"a}utert und anschließend ein praxisnaher Ansatz aufgezeigt, wie Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen beim Nachweis gegen Grundbruch eines Streifenfundaments ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Goemmel, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland}, title = {"Autobahn versinkt im Moor?" - Der Nachweis von Straßend{\"a}mmen auf Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen}, series = {3. OTH-Clusterkonferenz, Tagungsband, Festschrift 5 Jahre OTH-Verbund, 13. April 2018, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden, Weiden}, booktitle = {3. OTH-Clusterkonferenz, Tagungsband, Festschrift 5 Jahre OTH-Verbund, 13. April 2018, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden, Weiden}, isbn = {978-3-9818209-4-2}, pages = {61 -- 66}, abstract = {Die Errichtung von Straßend{\"a}mmen auf wenig tragf{\"a}higen B{\"o}den erfordert meist konstruktive Maßnahmen zur Sicherstellung der Standsicherheit. H{\"a}ufig werden hierzu Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen in den Boden eingebracht. Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen (StS) sind hydraulisch abgebundene, unbewehrte, schlanke, pfahlartige Tragglieder. Die Versagensmechanismen dieser Tragglieder erlauben es nicht die Gesamtstandsicherheit, wie in der Praxis {\"u}blich, durch verschmierte Bodenparameter nachzuweisen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Versagensmechanismen und das Verhalten passiv beanspruchter StS beschrieben. Basierend auf den mechanischen Modellen von Broms wird ein vereinfachter Ansatz zur rechnerischen Absch{\"a}tzung der zus{\"a}tzlichen Traggliedwiderst{\"a}nde vorgestellt. Ein numerisches Strukturmodell verdeutlicht das Verhalten passiv beanspruchter StS im Versagensfall. Die Erkenntnisse aus dem Strukturmodell werden in einem mechanischen Modell zusammengefasst, aus dem wichtige R{\"u}ckschl{\"u}sse f{\"u}r die Bemessungspraxis abgeleitet werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{NeidhartGoemmel, author = {Neidhart, Thomas and G{\"o}mmel, Roland}, title = {Wie versagen unbewehrte pfahlartige Tragglieder?}, series = {6. Fachtagung Geotechnik an der HTW Dresden, 22. November 2018, Dresden}, booktitle = {6. Fachtagung Geotechnik an der HTW Dresden, 22. November 2018, Dresden}, abstract = {Pfahlartige Tragglieder haben h{\"a}ufig einen geringeren Durchmesser als Pf{\"a}hle, binden im Fußbereich nur unwesentlich in tragf{\"a}hige Schichten ein und sind zudem unbewehrt. F{\"u}r die Nachweise der Tragf{\"a}higkeit und Gesamtstandsicherheit sind die Kenntnisse der aktivierbaren Widerst{\"a}nde und der Versagensarten von grundlegender Bedeutung, was die eingehende Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Lastabtragungsverhaltens sowie der Interaktion zwischen Boden und unbewehrten, pfahlartigen Tragglieder unumg{\"a}nglich macht. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden zun{\"a}chst m{\"o}gliche Versagensmechanismen vorgestellt und erl{\"a}utert. Danach wird aufgezeigt, unter welchen Bedingungen und Beanspruchungen der jeweilige Versagensmechanismus auftritt und welche Widerst{\"a}nde dabei aktiviert werden k{\"o}nnen. Anschließend wird deren {\"U}bertragbarkeit und Anwendung der auf unbewehrte, pfahlartige Tragglieder dargestellt und u.a. mittels FE-Berechnungen {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Schwerpunktm{\"a}ßig wird dabei die Interaktion zwischen unbewehrten, pfahlartigen Traggliedern und dem umgebenden Boden beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit behandelt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Goemmel, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland}, title = {Ber{\"u}cksichtigung unbewehrter pfahlartiger Tragglieder beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit}, publisher = {Shaker}, address = {D{\"u}ren}, isbn = {978-3-8440-7045-3}, abstract = {Das Lastabtragungsverhalten und die Interaktion schlanker, unbewehrter, hydraulisch gebundener Tragglieder mit dem umgebenden Boden wird bei Nachweisen der Gesamtstandsicherheit mit bestehenden Bemessungsans{\"a}tzen nicht zutreffend erfasst. Mit numerischen Modellierungen werden die Interaktion pfahlartiger Tragglieder mit dem umgebenden Boden sowie die daraus resultierenden Versagensmechanismen untersucht. Die Validierung des numerischen Modells erfolgt durch Nachrechnung von 1g-Modellversuchen. Das validierte Modell wird darauf f{\"u}r die Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalyse und die Ableitung eines analytischen Modells genutzt. Mit dem analytischen Berechnungsansatz wird die Aktivierung der Bemessungswiderst{\"a}nde von pfahlartigen Traggliedern quantifiziert. Es werden Berechnungsmethoden zur Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Bemessungswiderst{\"a}nde der pfahlartigen Tragglieder beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit aufgezeigt.}, subject = {Standsicherheit}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Goemmel, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland}, title = {Numerical investigation of the failure-behaviour of a passively lateral loaded rigid inclusion}, series = {Workshop on large deformations, 28. June 2017, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Regensburg}, booktitle = {Workshop on large deformations, 28. June 2017, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Regensburg}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GoemmelNeidhart, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Unbewehrte pfahlartige Tragglieder beim Nachweis der Gesamstandsicherheit}, series = {14. Hans-Lorenz-Symposium am 10. Oktober 2018, Technische Universit{\"a}t Berlin, Berlin}, booktitle = {14. Hans-Lorenz-Symposium am 10. Oktober 2018, Technische Universit{\"a}t Berlin, Berlin}, pages = {1 -- 10}, language = {de} } @misc{GoemmelNeidhart, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von StS beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit}, address = {Regensburg}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GoemmelNeidhart, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Ansatz von Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit und beim Nachweis gegen Grundbruch}, series = {11. {\"O}sterreichische Geotechniktagung Vienna - Terzaghi Lecture, {\"O}sterreichischer Ingenieur- und Architekten-Verein, 02. + 03. Februar 2017, Wien}, booktitle = {11. {\"O}sterreichische Geotechniktagung Vienna - Terzaghi Lecture, {\"O}sterreichischer Ingenieur- und Architekten-Verein, 02. + 03. Februar 2017, Wien}, isbn = {978-3-902450-05-0}, abstract = {Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen (StS) sind {\"u}berwiegend hydraulisch abgebundene, unbewehrte, schlanke, pfahlartige Tragglieder, deren Versagensmechanismen es nicht erlauben, die Widerst{\"a}nde gegen Versagen n{\"a}herungsweise {\"u}ber „verschmierte Bodenparameter" - wie z. B. bei R{\"u}ttelstopfs{\"a}ulen {\"u}blich - zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Der Arbeitskreis 2.8 - Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Geotechnik erarbeitet derzeit Empfehlungen zur Anwendung und rechnerischen Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von StS. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Ansatz zur Ber{\"u}cksichtigung aufstehender StS in einfach geschichteten B{\"o}den beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit sowie gegen Grundbruch vorgestellt. Der entwickelte Ansatz beruht im Grundsatz auf Broms / Kivel{\"o} und ist mit dem EC 7 konform. Der Berechnungsablauf sowie die dazu n{\"o}tigen Annahmen werden vorgestellt und erl{\"a}utert. In einem abschließenden Berechnungsbeispiel wird der Nachweis gegen Grundbruch eines Streifenfundamentes unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von StS gef{\"u}hrt.}, language = {de} } @techreport{GoemmelNeidhart, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Untersuchung des Expansionsverhaltens von Traggliedern aus PUR-Expansionsharz}, series = {Forschungsbericht 2016 / Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, journal = {Forschungsbericht 2016 / Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {66 -- 67}, abstract = {Klimatische Ver{\"a}nderungen haben in den letzten Jahren zu einem starken Anstieg an Geb{\"a}udesch{\"a}den gef{\"u}hrt, die h{\"a}ufig auf Setzung des Bodens infolge von Austrocknung zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren sind. Durch die Expansion s{\"a}ulenartiger PUR-Tragelemente unter den Fundamenten k{\"o}nnen derartige Setzungssch{\"a}den behoben werden. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsauftrags im Labor f{\"u}r Geotechnik der OTH Regensburg wurde durch Herstellung von PUR-Gr{\"u}ndungselementen unter Laborbedingungen das Expansionsverhalten eines Zweikomponenten-PUR-Schaumes in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit verschiedener isotroper Druckverh{\"a}ltnisse untersucht. Zur Optimierung dieses Bauverfahrens wurden die Materialeigenschaften der expandierten Proben durch labortechnische Untersuchungen ermittelt und einfache Korrelationen zwischen Expansionswiderst{\"a}nden und Materialeigenschaften erstellt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{NeidhartGoemmel, author = {Neidhart, Thomas and G{\"o}mmel, Roland}, title = {Nachweisf{\"u}hrung von Dammbauwerken auf Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen}, series = {13. Erdbaufachtagung "Sicherungen im Erd-, Fels- und Grundbau, Bauakademie Sachsen, 02. + 03. M{\"a}rz 2017, Leipzig}, booktitle = {13. Erdbaufachtagung "Sicherungen im Erd-, Fels- und Grundbau, Bauakademie Sachsen, 02. + 03. M{\"a}rz 2017, Leipzig}, abstract = {Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen (StS) sind {\"u}berwiegend hydraulisch abgebundene, unbewehrte, schlanke, pfahlartige Traggliede, deren Versagensmechanismen es nicht erlauben, die Widerst{\"a}nde gegen Versagen n{\"a}herungsweise {\"u}ber "verschmierte Bodenparameter" - wie z. B. bei R{\"u}ttelstopfs{\"a}ulen {\"u}blich - zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Der Arbeitskreis 2.8 - Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Geotechnik erarbeitet derzeit Empfehlungen zur Anwendung und rechnerischen Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von StS. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Ansatz zur Ber{\"u}cksichtigung aufstehender StS in einfach geschichteten B{\"o}den beim Nachweis der Gesamtstandsicherheit sowie gegen Grundbruch vorgestellt. Der entwickelte Ansatz beruht im Wesentlichen auf Broms / Kivel{\"o} und ist mit dem EC 7 konform. Der Berechnungsablauf sowie die dazu n{\"o}tigen Annahmen werden vorgestellt und erl{\"a}utert. In einem abschließenden Berechnungsbeispiel wird der Nachweis gegen Grundbruch eines Streifenfundamentes unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von StS gef{\"u}hrt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Goemmel, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland}, title = {Numerical investigation of the failure behaviour of a passively laterally loaded rigid inclusion in PLAXIS 3D by means oft he shotcrete-model}, series = {European Plaxis-User's Meeting, 17. - 19. Mai 2017, Bauer Spezialtiefbau, Schrobenhausen}, booktitle = {European Plaxis-User's Meeting, 17. - 19. Mai 2017, Bauer Spezialtiefbau, Schrobenhausen}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Goemmel, author = {G{\"o}mmel, Roland}, title = {Nachweisf{\"u}hrung von Stabilisierungss{\"a}ulen f{\"u}r Dammbauwerke}, series = {Burgdorfer Geotechniktag 2018, 24. Januar 2018, Berner Fachhochschule, Burgdorf}, booktitle = {Burgdorfer Geotechniktag 2018, 24. Januar 2018, Berner Fachhochschule, Burgdorf}, language = {de} } @article{SteindlSakoparnigBriendletal., author = {Steindl, Florian Roman and Sakoparnig, Marlene and Briendl, Lukas G. and Thumann, Maria and Galan, Isabel and Juhart, Joachim and R{\"o}ck, Rudolf and Saxer, Andreas and Mittermayr, Florian and Kusterle, Wolfgang}, title = {ASSpC - Vier Jahre Forschung f{\"u}r dauerhaften Spritzbeton}, series = {Bautechnik}, journal = {Bautechnik}, publisher = {Wilhelm Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @incollection{GerardCanisiusDiamantidisKumar, author = {Gerard Canisius, T. D. and Diamantidis, Dimitris and Kumar, Suresh}, title = {Fire Safety in Road Tunnels}, series = {Engineering for Extremes}, booktitle = {Engineering for Extremes}, editor = {Stewart, Mark G. and Rosowsky, David V.}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-85017-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-85018-0_14}, pages = {293 -- 311}, abstract = {Modern industrial societies need efficient and safe transportation systems for their existence and progress. Tunnels form an important component of road transportation systems in many countries. However, significant fire incidents within them have highlighted human safety as a major concern, resulting in considerable changes to the safety requirements to be satisfied during the design and assessment of new and existing tunnels, respectively. This chapter discusses state-of-practice related to the implementation of risk analysis methods in road tunnel projects. It reviews relevant safety criteria in standards and describes basic aspects on risk acceptance and decision-making with respect to the choice of the safety measures to be implemented. This contribution presents the determination of human safety consequences for use in risk analysis by considering design fires, the development and spread of effects of such fires and emergency evacuation of people. The methodology is illustrated via a case study that deals with the re-qualification of an existing road tunnel in Wales.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SykoraBotteCaspeeleetal., author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Botte, Wouter and Caspeele, Robby and Diamantidis, Dimitris and Muttoni, Aurelio and Steenbergen, Rapha{\"e}l D.J.M.}, title = {Probabilistic models for resistance variables in fib Model Code 2020 for design and assessment}, series = {Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings}, volume = {36}, booktitle = {Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings}, publisher = {Czech Technical University in Prague}, doi = {10.14311/APP.2022.36.0206}, pages = {206 -- 215}, abstract = {The fib Model Code offers pre-normative guidance based on the synthesis of international research, industry and engineering expertise. Its new edition (draft MC 2020) will bring together coherent knowledge and experience for both the design of new concrete structures and the assessment of existing concrete structures. This contribution presents an overview of the main developments related to the partial factors for materials. In the draft MC2020, the partial factors are presented in tables for clusters of cases depending on consequence classes and variability of basic variables. Furthermore, formulas and background information are provided to facilitate updating of the partial factors. This contribution discusses the different assumptions adopted in MC 2020 for design and assessment. Main changes with respect to the previous version are related to description of the difference between in-situ concrete strength and the material strength measured on control specimens, and to modelling of geometrical variables. The presented comparison of the requirements imposed by Eurocodes and MC 2020 for design reveals insignificant differences. The assessment requirements may be decreased by about 25\% when the conditions specified in MC 2020 are satisfied. Hence, the revised MC 2020 will provide designers and code makers with wider possibilities to utilise actual data and long-term experience in assessments of existing structures.}, language = {en} } @article{StetterHentschinskiFritsche, author = {Stetter, Hans and Hentschinski, Stefan and Fritsche, Thomas}, title = {Konzentrierte Innovation: Die Regenbr{\"u}cke Stefling als Stabbogenbr{\"u}cke aus Beton}, series = {Beton- und Stahlbetonbau}, volume = {110}, journal = {Beton- und Stahlbetonbau}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1002/best.201500033}, pages = {710 -- 719}, abstract = {Die Regenbr{\"u}cke Stefling ist als Beton-Stabbogenbr{\"u}cke ein neuer, moderner Br{\"u}ckentyp. Besonders hervorzuheben ist neben guten gestalterischen Elementen die Kombination verschiedener optimierter Bauweisen und Konstruktionsdetails, die zu einem Querschnitt f{\"u}hren, der eine {\"a}ußerst geringe Bauh{\"o}he aufweist. Hauptmerkmale sind hier der Werkstoff Beton anstelle von Stahl f{\"u}r den Stabbogen, der Einsatz verbundloser Vorspannung und die Ausbildung der H{\"a}nger als Netzwerk. Zus{\"a}tzlich ist dieser Br{\"u}ckentyp in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht {\"a}ußerst konkurrenzf{\"a}hig. Dies wurde an der Regenbr{\"u}cke Stefling best{\"a}tigt. Innovation concentrated - Regenbr{\"u}cke Stefling: a tied arch bridge in concrete The Regenbr{\"u}cke Stefling is a new and modern bridge structure of tied arch bridges in concrete. Particularly there is to be emphasised beside good formative elements the combination of different optimised construction methods and construction details which induce a cross section which shows an extremely low construction height. Main characteristics are the material concrete in place of steel for the tied arch, the application of internal unbonded prestressing and the construction of the hangers as a network. In addition, this type of bridge is extremely competitive in economic regard. This was confirmed by the Regenbr{\"u}cke Stefling.}, language = {de} } @article{ThumannChristlmeierHartmeieretal., author = {Thumann, Maria and Christlmeier, Peter and Hartmeier, Michael and Kusterle, Wolfgang}, title = {Reduzierung von versinterungsbedingten Reinigungsarbeiten in Tunneldr{\"a}nagen durch Optimierung der Spritzbetonrezeptur}, series = {Beton}, volume = {68}, journal = {Beton}, number = {11}, publisher = {VERLAG BAU + TECHNIK}, pages = {416 -- 421}, abstract = {Die Drainageleitungen in nicht druckwasserhaltenden Tunnelbauwerken haben die Aufgabe, anfallendes Bergwasser zu sammeln und aus dem Bauwerk zu f{\"u}hren. In den Leitungen treten h{\"a}ufig Kalkablagerungen, so genannte Versinterungen auf, die zu einem Teil- oder Vollverschluss der Rohre f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen und die Ableitung des Bergwassers be- bzw. verhindern. Zur Vermeidung von Sch{\"a}den am Tunnelbauwerk sind regelm{\"a}ßige und aufwendige Unterhaltsarbeiten notwendig. Ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor bei der Entstehung von Versinterungen ist der Kontakt des Bergwassers mit zementgebundenen Baustoffen, wie z. B. mit Spritzbeton. Aus dem Spritzbeton kann Calciumhydroxid ausgelaugt werden, das f{\"u}r den Korrosionsschutz der Bewehrung erforderlich ist, aber die Entstehung von Versinterungen beg{\"u}nstigen kann. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wurden zahlreiche Mischungszusammensetzungen auf ihr Auslaugverhalten untersucht und Spritzbetonzusammensetzungen mit einem m{\"o}glichst geringen Versinterungspotenzial entwickelt.}, language = {de} } @article{LafhajAlBalkhyLinner, author = {Lafhaj, Zoubeir and AlBalkhy, Wassim and Linner, Thomas}, title = {"Imagine and make": teaching construction robotics for higher education students}, series = {Construction Robotics}, journal = {Construction Robotics}, number = {7}, publisher = {Springer}, issn = {2509-8780}, doi = {10.1007/s41693-023-00092-9}, pages = {65 -- 75}, abstract = {The use of robotics in construction projects is still in its infancy despite the opportunities that robots can present for the improvement of construction practices. One of the strategies to effectively increase the reliance on robots in construction is increasing the knowledge and improving the educational programs about robotics for university students. This paper contributes to the ongoing efforts worldwide to improve the teaching methods about construction robotics through the presentation of a novel method called "Imagine and Make", in which students learn how to integrate robotics in different aspects and practices in construction projects. The method has been applied at Centrale Lille in France since 2018. The results of the application of "Imagine and Make" in the first semester of 2021-2022, evaluation by students, and teaching outcomes are reported in this paper.}, language = {en} } @misc{Diamantidis, author = {Diamantidis, Dimitris}, title = {Risk based acceptance and decision criteria for the transportation of hazardous materials}, series = {6th International Conference on Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management. - Chania,Crete 04.-07.09.2018}, journal = {6th International Conference on Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management. - Chania,Crete 04.-07.09.2018}, language = {en} } @article{SykoraHolickyJungetal., author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Holicky, Milan and Jung, Karel and Diamantidis, Dimitris}, title = {Human safety criteria for risk-based structural design}, series = {International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering}, volume = {8}, journal = {International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering}, number = {2}, publisher = {WIT Press}, doi = {10.2495/SAFE-V8-N2-287-298}, pages = {287 -- 298}, abstract = {Risk and reliability criteria are well established in many industrial sectors such as the offshore, chemi- cal or nuclear industries. Comparative risk thresholds have been specified to allow a responsible organization or regulator to identify activities, which impose an acceptable level of risk concerning the participating individuals, or society as a whole. The scope of this contribution is to present target reliability criteria based on acceptable human safety levels. Application of theoretical principles is illustrated by examples of railway engineering structures. Initially it is shown how civil engineering structures for which human safety criteria play a role are classified according to Eurocodes. Examples include bridges, tunnels or station buildings. The general concepts for risk acceptance are then briefly reviewed, particularly in their relation to the target reliability criteria. The distinction between the two types of criteria is made: group risk and the acceptance criterion based on the Life Quality Index LQI approach introduced by ISO 2394:2015. The differences between the criteria for new and existing structures are discussed. The application is illustrated by an example of a bridge crossing an important railway line. It appears that while benefits and costs of a private stakeholder or public authority are reflected by economic optimisation, the society should define the limits for human safety to achieve uniform risks for various daily-life activities and across different industrial sectors. Keywords: group risk, human safety, individual risk, Life Quality Index, railway, risk acceptance, structure, target reliability}, language = {en} } @article{HolickySykoraDiamantidis, author = {Holicky, Milan and S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Diamantidis, Dimitris}, title = {Reliability levels related to different reference periods and consequence classes}, series = {Beton- und Stahlbetonbau}, volume = {113}, journal = {Beton- und Stahlbetonbau}, number = {S2, Supplement: 16th International Probabilistic Workshop}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn, a Wiley Brand}, doi = {10.1002/best.201800039}, pages = {22 -- 26}, abstract = {The target reliability levels recommended in various national and international documents for new and existing structures are quite different and vaguely related to types of structures and consequences of failure. The optimum reliability levels can be obtained by considering the total expected cost of the structure over the design working life. Indicative values of reliability indexes are given in EN 1990 (2002) for two reference periods, 1 year and 50 years. The annual target reliability levels βt1 are presently indicated in the recent draft of EN 1990 (2017) without any explicit link to different reference period or design working life. When determining the target reliability index for the reference period of n years that generally differs from the design working life, correlation of failure events in subsequent years should be taken into account. Considering the annual reliability index β1 an approximate formula is proposed for the reliability index βnk related to the reference period of n years and independence interval of k years. The independence interval k ≤ n corresponds to the mean time period in years for which the failures in subsequent periods of k years are assumed to be mutually independent. The operational use of the proposed formula is clarified by practical tools. The reliability differentiation reflected in consequence classes is also discussed in this contribution.}, language = {en} }