@article{StrahringerWestner, author = {Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {Von der IT-Leitung zur (Mit-)Gestaltung der digitalen Transformation}, series = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, volume = {59}, journal = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1365/s40702-022-00875-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-39922}, pages = {717 -- 720}, abstract = {Die entsprechenden Antworten, wie die IT-F{\"u}hrung in Unternehmen auszugestalten sei, ist Gegenstand vielf{\"a}ltiger Forschung und im Ergebnis situativ aber nicht abschließend zu beantworten. Das vorliegende Schwerpunktheft greift diesen Aspekt auf und beleuchtet die Zukunft der F{\"u}hrung in der IT.}, language = {de} } @unpublished{KratzerWestnerStrahringer, author = {Kratzer, Simon and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Four Decades of Chief Information Officer Research}, organization = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}, doi = {10.1145/3614178.3614182}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-54208}, abstract = {Despite the relevance and maturity of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) research field, no studies exist that exhaustively summarize the current body of knowledge, focusing on the development of the field over its entire timespan. The paper at hand addresses this research gap and presents an exhaustive literature review on the CIO research field using main path analysis. We identify the central papers in CIO research and eight main research streams by quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing 466 papers. We find that established research streams, e.g., 'Evolving role of the CIO' and 'CIO hierarchical position and relationships' as well as recently emerging research streams, e.g., 'CIO as business enabler' and 'CIOs and IT security,' draw growing attention. Based on our findings, we develop promising further avenues for research in the CIO field.}, subject = {Informationsmanager}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WulfLindnerStrahringeretal., author = {Wulf, Frederik and Lindner, Tobias and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? The Why of Cloud Computing Delivery Model Selection}, series = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021}, isbn = {978-0-9981331-4-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7913}, pages = {6285 -- 6294}, abstract = {Most large-scale organizations adopted Cloud Computing (CC) on a company level in recent years. Managers now face the challenge to appropriately implement CC "operationally", i.e., for information systems (ISs). We refer to this as post-adoption, addressing the extent of technology usage after adoption. Specifically, managers need to choose among the CC delivery models Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-asa-Service (SaaS). We differentiate the determinants of this post-adoption decision for IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. Based on this analysis, we derive criteria that guide managers' delivery model selection: Adopt 1) IaaS for ISs requiring flexibility and reduced time to market, 2) PaaS to access specialized resources, and 3) SaaS to focus on core competencies. Moreover, we analyze the impact on the CC strategy and postulate them as recommendations: I) acknowledge the interplay between governance and time-to-market, II) realize cost savings on company level, and III) consider strategically important ISs for CC.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchwertsikWestner, author = {Schwertsik, Andreas and Westner, Markus}, title = {Produktorientierte IT-Leistungsverrechnung als Br{\"u}ckenschlag zwischen IT-Leistungserstellung und -verwendung}, series = {Prozesse, Technologie, Anwendungen, Systeme und Management : Tagungsband zur 27. AKWI-Fachtagung vom 07. bis 10.09.2014 an der Oberbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg / hrsg. von Thomas Barton}, booktitle = {Prozesse, Technologie, Anwendungen, Systeme und Management : Tagungsband zur 27. AKWI-Fachtagung vom 07. bis 10.09.2014 an der Oberbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg / hrsg. von Thomas Barton}, organization = {Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-928}, pages = {78 -- 91}, abstract = {Das vorliegende Paper untersucht anhand einer Fallstudie die Implementierung einer produktorientierten Leistungsverrechnung f{\"u}r IT-Services im Kontext eines international f{\"u}hrenden Industrieg{\"u}terunternehmens. Zun{\"a}chst werden die {\"o}konomischen und regulatorischen Anforderungen, die zur Ein-f{\"u}hrung des Systems gef{\"u}hrt haben, skizziert. Danach wird der Aufbau und Ablauf des Verrechnungsverfahrens geschildert: auf IT-Leistungserstellungs-seite werden die angefallenen Kosten {\"u}ber die Bildung sogenannter modularer „Service-Bausteine" den organisatorisch verantwortlichen Stellen als auch IT-Services zugeordnet. Auf Basis der geplanten Nachfragemenge werden diese IT-Services bepreist und in einem IT-Servicekatalog verzeichnet. Dort k{\"o}nnen sie von den Fachbereichen nachgefragt werden. Im Sinne von Vorteilen werden u.a. eine verursachungsgerechte Kostenverteilung erm{\"o}glicht, Kostentransparenz und -vergleichbarkeit geschaffen sowie das Kostenbewusstsein bei Leistungsempf{\"a}ngern und -erstellern gef{\"o}rdert. Als Nachteil erweist sich der administrative Aufwand zur Durchf{\"u}hrung der Kalkulation und in der Folge eine gewisse Statik des Systems, da unterj{\"a}hrige {\"A}nderungen nur unter Inkaufnahme von Zusatzaufwand nachgesteuert werden k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {IT-Abteilung}, language = {de} } @misc{WestnerFuhrmann, author = {Westner, Markus and Fuhrmann, Thomas}, title = {Applied Learning through Industry Collaboration}, series = {Applied Learning Conference, 2020, Singapur}, journal = {Applied Learning Conference, 2020, Singapur}, abstract = {Purpose In 1969, Germany founded a new type of tertiary education institution, the so-called "Universities of Applied Sciences" (UAS). In contrast to traditional universities, UAS are supposed to educate their students based on scientific methods but with a high degree of application orientation (Wissenschaftsrat, 2010). The goal was to generate highly employable graduates. Since then the number of UAS in Germany has risen to 216 in 2018/2019 (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2019). ~45\% of all German students start their tertiary education at a UAS (Autorengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung, 2018). UAS graduates are well perceived by domestic employers, enjoy high recruiting rates and attractive salary levels. The educational model has proven so successful that its approach and underlying philosophy has been replicated under terms such as "cooperative education" or "applied learning" in a vast number of different countries and educational systems around the globe (Altbach, Reisberg, \& Rumbley, 2011). This talk critically describes the key aspects that constitute German UAS' approaches to industry-oriented applied learning. The findings are relevant for academics, policy makers, and industry representatives to generate ideas on how to improve study curricula, policies, or collaboration between academia and industry. Method The approach taken consists of a descriptive and structured account of the key aspects that constitute the study curricula of a UAS from an applied learning perspective. By building on their own experiences as teaching professors and part of a German UAS' managerial team, the research method taken resembles an action research-oriented approach. Key Findings German UAS have numerous application-oriented learning elements in their curricula. These elements are performed inside the university like lab courses but many of these learning elements are carried out in cooperation with industry. Bachelor programs span over seven semesters. Fundamentals are taught in the first two semesters and from the third semester on, more and more application-oriented lectures and labs become part of the curricula. In the fifth semester, a mandatory internship is integrated in the study program. This internship is carried out either at companies in Germany or abroad. It is the goal of the internship that the students gain first practical experience in a real work environment. The work tasks in internship should be similar to the later professional demands and should contain a project. The students themselves are responsible for finding an appropriate job and organize the administrative aspects around the internship, thus their self-organization skills are advanced. The UAS teaching staff supervises the internships from an academic perspective. This mandatory internship has numerous advantages: students experience real industry environment and they build contacts to later employers thus forming a potential pathway to future employment. Bachelor and master courses each finish with thesis work. The majority of theses is carried out in companies under university supervision. This is a second chance for the students to accomplish a company project, to gain practical experience and to get in touch with potential employers. In addition to undergraduate and postgraduate education, German UAS do a lot of applied research together with companies. This applied research can also be the basis for the work of Ph.D students. Industry representatives are also involved when designing new study programs as consultants and give advice for accreditation and reaccreditation of programs. All these activities of German universities of applied sciences lead to a high practical relevance of education programs and to a high degree of employability of UAS graduates.}, language = {en} } @misc{WestnerFuhrmann, author = {Westner, Markus and Fuhrmann, Thomas}, title = {Entwicklung eines Programms f{\"u}r internationale Gastdozierende als Good Practice Modell f{\"u}r die Hochschulinternationalisierung}, series = {Internationalisierung der Curricula in den MINT-F{\"a}chern (ICM 2018), Berlin}, journal = {Internationalisierung der Curricula in den MINT-F{\"a}chern (ICM 2018), Berlin}, abstract = {Der Freistaat Bayern finanziert seit einigen Jahren ein Hochschulprogramm zur F{\"o}rderung von internationalen Gastprofessorinnen und Gastprofessoren an seinen Hochschulen. Mit diesen Finanzmitteln f{\"o}rdert die OTH Regensburg unter anderem internationale Gastvorlesungen. In der Fakult{\"a}t Informatik und Mathematik wurde seit 2015 eine Zusammenstellung internationaler Gastvorlesungen entwickelt, die als Wahlpflichtf{\"a}cher systematisch in ein bestehendes Curriculum integriert sind. So werden den heimischen Studierenden internationale Erfahrungen erm{\"o}glicht ("internationalization at home"), die fachliche Breite des Curriculums wird erh{\"o}ht und es k{\"o}nnen auf Basis pers{\"o}nlicher Kontakte internationale Hochschulpartnerschaften neu gekn{\"u}pft und weiter entwickelt werden. Jede Vorlesung in diesem Programm besteht aus mehreren Teilen. Zum Vorlesungsbeginn werden die geplanten Inhalte und Anforderung den Studierenden in einer Videokonferenz erl{\"a}utert. Die Studierenden erhalten Unterlagen, um sich in Selbstlerneinheiten auf die Pr{\"a}senzvorlesungen des Gastes vorzubereiten. Im Pr{\"a}senzteil verbringt die/der Gastdozierende ca. 2 bis 3 Wochen in Regensburg und h{\"a}lt an der Hochschule Blockvorlesungen. So ist es m{\"o}glich, Veranstaltungen mit 5 ECTS Credits in einem "blended learning" Lehr-/Lernformat durchzuf{\"u}hren. Studierende sch{\"a}tzen das Programm sehr und {\"a}ußern sich in Evaluationen {\"a}ußerst positiv {\"u}ber die fachliche und didaktische Erweiterung des F{\"a}cherspektrums. Dieses Programm wird als "good practice" innerhalb der Hochschule angesehen und soll in anderen technischen Fakult{\"a}ten verbreitet werden, u.a. wurde ein "Prozesshandbuch" mit konkreten Beispielen und Handreichungen erstellt. Der Vortrag geht auf diese und weitere Umsetzungsaspekte sowie zugeh{\"o}rige Herausforderungen ein.}, subject = {Hochschule}, language = {de} } @misc{KratzerStrahringerWestner, author = {Kratzer, Simon and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {Fractional CIOs in SMEs}, series = {2024 2nd International Conference on Management Information Systems (ICMIS 2024), September 28-30, 2024, Tokyo, Japan}, volume = {2}, journal = {2024 2nd International Conference on Management Information Systems (ICMIS 2024), September 28-30, 2024, Tokyo, Japan}, abstract = {To remain competitive, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to man-age information technology (IT) effectively. Unlike larger organisations, SMEs often face limited resources and challenges in attracting talent, and typically lack the need for a full-time Chief Information Officer (CIO). In response, a growing number of professionals around the world are offering CIO services on a part-time, shared basis to multiple clients. This model provides SMEs with affordable and flexible access to experienced IT leadership. Known as 'fractional CIOs', these professionals deliver significant value, yet there has been little academic re-search into this phenomenon. Our study, conducted between 2020 and 2023 with 62 Fractional CIOs in 10 countries, aims to fill this gap. It provides a clear defini-tion of fractional CIOs, outlines their engagement models and identifies the key factors that contribute to their success. The findings are intended to enlighten both academics and industry professionals.}, language = {en} } @article{BaryWestnerStrahringer2019, author = {Bary, Benedikt von and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {How decision maker's personal preferences influence the decision to backsource IT services}, series = {Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM)}, volume = {30}, journal = {Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM)}, number = {3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-233}, pages = {1 -- 22}, year = {2019}, abstract = {To prepare their IT landscape for future business challenges, companies are changing their IT sourcing arrangements by using selective sourcing approaches as well as multi-sourcing with more but smaller sourcing contracts. Companies therefore have to reconsider and re-evaluate their IT sourcing setup more frequently. Collecting data from 251 global experts, we empirically tested the effect of service quality, relationship quality, and switching costs on IT sourcing decisions using partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Drawing on previously conducted expert interviews, our model extends previous studies and introduces a decision maker's sourcing preferences as a not yet examined moderator on IT sourcing decisions. This allows us to investigate the influence of the decision maker's beliefs on the decision process. We were able to confirm the negative effect of switching costs on a decision in favor of backsourcing, however we could not find significant support for the remaining hypotheses. We further discuss potential reasons for our findings and suggest future research opportunities based on our contribution.}, subject = {Outsourcing}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StrasserWestner, author = {Strasser, Artur and Westner, Markus}, title = {Knowledge Transfer in IS Offshoring}, series = {Proceedings of the 19th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2015) Singapore, July 5-9}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2015) Singapore, July 5-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-835}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {IS offshoring research regarding knowledge transfer processes, roles involved, as well as influencing factors is characterized by its diverse and heterogeneous nature. Covering the last fifteen years of IS offshoring research, this paper provides a consolidated view of the field of study. It presents a generic knowledge transfer process consisting of four stages and five milestones. These stages are characterized and evaluated according to their relevance for knowledge transfer, the types of knowledge transferred, the main activities and methods for transfer and testing, as well as the goals pursued. Furthermore, we aggregate the diverse literature findings relating to individuals who facilitate knowledge transfer processes into a general role. We label this role "offshore coordinator" and present its core tasks and necessary skills. In addition, we identify and cluster core factors that influence success or failure of knowledge transfer. In summary, our study answers calls to discontinue with empirically derived definitions in favor of theory-based conceptualization of the IS offshoring research field with respect to knowledge transfer processes, roles, and success factors. Future studies can build on these results and examine questions with respect to particular characteristics of knowledge transfer processes and their influencing success and failure factors.}, subject = {Betriebliches Informationssystem}, language = {en} } @article{KoenningStrahringerWestner, author = {K{\"o}nning, Michael and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {Unraveling the impact of cultural distance on IT outsourcing success}, series = {Journal of Enterprise Information Management}, volume = {34}, journal = {Journal of Enterprise Information Management}, number = {3}, publisher = {Emerald}, doi = {10.1108/JEIM-06-2019-0151}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-8708}, pages = {811 -- 837}, abstract = {PURPOSE IT outsourcing (ITO) has developed into an established practice for organizations but the interorganizational and oftentimes international collaboration it involves comes at a price: Reports from academia and practice suggest that more than 25\% of all ITO projects fail, many because of cultural differences between client and provider organizations. Against this background, this paper analyzes the complex nature of cultural distance and its multi-faceted effect on ITO success. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This paper builds upon extant literature on culture on the national, organizational and team level, conceptualizes its effect on relationship quality and ITO success, and hypothesizes a model on potential moderators and management techniques to offset culture-induced challenges. It then evaluates and refines the model by means of an interpretive qualitative research design for an in-depth single-case study of ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE (P7S1), a leading European media company that reconfigured its IT sourcing model three times in 10 years. FINDINGS The results from interviews with top managers from client and provider organizations represent one of the first integrated views on the critical importance of cultural compatibility on multiple levels, provide manifold examples for its complex effect on ITO success, as well as moderators and potential management techniques to promote ITO success. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS This paper contributes relevant empirical insights to the growing body of literature on culture and its underestimated role in ITO success. It builds on tentative theory that is confirmed and refined. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The paper helps in substantiating the complex and intangible nature of culture and demonstrates means for its effective management. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The results from interviews with top managers from client and provider organizations represent one of the first integrated views on the critical importance of cultural compatibility on multiple levels, provide manifold examples for its complex effect on ITO success, as well as moderators and potential management techniques to promote ITO success.}, language = {en} } @article{KaessStrahringerWestner, author = {K{\"a}ss, Sebastian and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {Practitioners' Perceptions on the Adoption of Low Code Development Platforms}, series = {IEEE Access}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3258539}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-59170}, pages = {30}, abstract = {Organizations are under increasing pressure to develop applications within budget and time at high quality. Therefore, multiple organizations adopt Low Code Development Platforms (LCDP) to develop applications faster and cheaper compared to traditional application development. However, current research on LCDP adoption lacks empirical grounding as well as a deeper understanding of the importance of adoption drivers and inhibitors. We conducted semi-structured interviews and a Delphi study with seventeen experts to address these gaps. As a result, we identified twelve drivers and nineteen inhibitors for adopting LCDPs. We show that the experts have a consensus on the most and the least important drivers and inhibitors for LCDP adoption. Yet, the ranking of the drivers and inhibitors between the most and least important is highly context dependent. For some drivers and inhibitors, the experts' ranking is similar to academic literature, whereas, for others, it differs. In conclusion, the study at hand empirically validates drivers and inhibitors for LCDP adoption, adds six new drivers and six new inhibitors to the body of knowledge, and analyses the importance of these factors.}, language = {en} }