@article{vonGreveDierfeldLothenbachVollprachtetal., author = {von Greve-Dierfeld, Stefanie and Lothenbach, Barbara and Vollpracht, Anya and Wu, Bei and Huet, Bruno and Andrade, Carmen and Medina, C{\´e}sar and Thiel, Charlotte and Gruyaert, Elke and Vanoutrive, Hanne and Del Sa{\´e}z Bosque, Isabel F. and Ignjatovic, Ivan and Elsen, Jan and Provis, John L. and Scrivener, Karen and Thienel, Karl-Christian and Sideris, Kosmas and Zajac, Maciej and Alderete, Natalia and Cizer, {\"O}zlem and van den Heede, Philip and Hooton, Robert Douglas and Kamali-Bernard, Siham and Bernal, Susan A. and Zhao, Zengfeng and Shi, Zhenguo and de Belie, Nele}, title = {Understanding the carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials}, series = {Materials and Structures}, volume = {53}, journal = {Materials and Structures}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1617/s11527-020-01558-w}, pages = {1 -- 34}, abstract = {Blended cements, where Portland cement clinker is partially replaced by supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), provide the most feasible route for reducing carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete production. However, lowering the clinker content can lead to an increasing risk of neutralisation of the concrete pore solution and potential reinforcement corrosion due to carbonation. carbonation of concrete with SCMs differs from carbonation of concrete solely based on Portland cement (PC). This is a consequence of the differences in the hydrate phase assemblage and pore solution chemistry, as well as the pore structure and transport properties, when varying the binder composition, age and curing conditions of the concretes. The carbonation mechanism and kinetics also depend on the saturation degree of the concrete and CO2 partial pressure which in turn depends on exposure conditions (e.g. relative humidity, volume, and duration of water in contact with the concrete surface and temperature conditions). This in turn influence the microstructural changes identified upon carbonation. This literature review, prepared by members of RILEM technical committee 281-CCC carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials, working groups 1 and 2, elucidates the effect of numerous SCM characteristics, exposure environments and curing conditions on the carbonation mechanism, kinetics and structural alterations in cementitious systems containing SCMs.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{VollprachtGluthRogiersetal., author = {Vollpracht, Anya and Gluth, Gregor J. G. and Rogiers, Bart and Uwanuakwa, Ikenna D. and Phung, Quoc Tri and Zaccardi, Yury Villagran and Thiel, Charlotte and Vanoutrive, Hanne and Etcheverry, Juan Manuel and Gruyaert, Elke and Kamali-Bernard, Siham and Kanellopoulos, Antonios and Zhao, Zengfeng and Martins, Isabel Milagre and Rathnarajan, Sundar and De Belie, Nele}, title = {Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: Insights into factors affecting the carbonation rate of concrete with SCMs revealed from data mining and machine learning approaches}, publisher = {Research Square Platform LLC}, doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-4169492/v1}, abstract = {The RILEM TC 281-CCC ''Carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials'' conducted a study on the effects of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the carbonation rate of blended cement concretes and mortars. In this context, a comprehensive database has been established, consisting of 1044 concrete and mortar mixes with their associated carbonation depth data over time. The dataset comprises mix designs with a large variety of binders with up to 94\% SCMs, collected from the literature as well as unpublished testing reports. The data includes chemical composition and physical properties of the raw materials, mix-designs, compressive strengths, curing and carbonation testing conditions. Natural carbonation was recorded for several years in many cases with both indoor and outdoor results. The database has been analysed to investigate the effects of binder composition and mix design, curing and preconditioning, and relative humidity on the carbonation rate. Furthermore, the accuracy of accelerated carbonation testing as well as possible correlations between compressive strength and carbonation resistance were evaluated. The analysis revealed that the w/CaOreactive ratio is a decisive factor for carbonation resistance, while curing and exposure conditions also influence carbonation. Under natural exposure conditions, the carbonation data exhibit significant variations. Nevertheless, probabilistic inference suggests that both accelerated and natural carbonation processes follow a square-root-of-time behavior, though accelerated and natural carbonation cannot be converted into each other without corrections. Additionally, a machine learning technique was employed to assess the influence of parameters governing the carbonation progress in concretes.}, language = {en} }