@inproceedings{GerschSchulzKral, author = {Gersch, Sebastian and Schulz, Carsten and Kral, Christopher}, title = {Verifizierung der Prozessstabilit{\"a}t einer konstruierten WAAM-Anlage zum Induzieren von Eigenspannungen in generativ gefertigten Strukturen}, series = {9. Mitteldeutsches Forum - 3D-Druck in der Anwendung: 29. Juni 2022, Jena}, booktitle = {9. Mitteldeutsches Forum - 3D-Druck in der Anwendung: 29. Juni 2022, Jena}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-5600}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-56006}, abstract = {Heutzutage werden Strukturen h{\"a}ufig aufwendig konstruiert und nachtr{\"a}glich mithilfe von numerischen Verfahren optimiert. Dennoch kommt es zu erheblichen Sch{\"a}den infolge von Erm{\"u}dungsbr{\"u}chen bei wechselnd beanspruchten Bauteilen. Ein Großteil dieser Sch{\"a}den hat den Ursprung in den im Inneren herrschenden Spannungszust{\"a}nden, den sogenannten Eigenspannungen. Diese Eigenspannungen heben sich innerhalb des Bauteils auf und f{\"u}hren zu keiner Formabweichung des Bauteils, weswegen diese Spannungen in Form und Lage nur schwer detektierbar sind und sich h{\"a}ufig negativ auf die Betriebsfestigkeit von Strukturen auswirken. Mithilfe neuartiger numerischer Methoden k{\"o}nnen thermomechanische Simulationen angefertigt und Verformungen, sowie Spannungszust{\"a}nde abgeleitet werden. Durch diese Optionen ergeben sich neue Anwendungen, die das Potenzial von Fertigungsverfahren in Hinblick auf die Ausnutzung spezieller Eigenschaften neu er{\"o}ffnen. Durch die geschickte Anwendung und Vernetzung der Simulation mit der Fertigung k{\"o}nnen Eigenspannungen gezielt in Lage und Richtung schon w{\"a}hrend der Produktion des Bauteils eingebracht werden. Im theoretischen Vergleich zu konventionell gefertigten Bauteilen entstehen Strukturen, die hinsichtlich ihrer Bauteillebensdauer optimiert sind.}, language = {de} } @misc{Schulz, author = {Schulz, Carsten}, title = {Maintenance Prediction using Realtime Digital Twins}, series = {Dassault Syst{\`e}mes User Conference 2018, Hanau, Germany, 4-6 December}, journal = {Dassault Syst{\`e}mes User Conference 2018, Hanau, Germany, 4-6 December}, language = {en} } @misc{SchlechtSchulz, author = {Schlecht, Berthold and Schulz, Carsten}, title = {Detaillierte Abbildung komplexer Anregungsspektren in Mehrk{\"o}rpersystem-Modellen zur Untersuchung kritischer Betriebszust{\"a}nde}, series = {VDI Wissensforum - Schwingungsanalyse 2013, Stuttgart, 06./07. M{\"a}rz 2013}, journal = {VDI Wissensforum - Schwingungsanalyse 2013, Stuttgart, 06./07. M{\"a}rz 2013}, language = {de} } @misc{GoedekeSchulzGrussetal., author = {Goedeke, Arne and Schulz, Carsten and Gruss, H. and Gl{\"a}ser, T.}, title = {Optimierung des Predictive Maintenance im Kranbau}, series = {Nachwuchswissenschaftlerkonferenz - NWK, 19, 2018, K{\"o}then}, journal = {Nachwuchswissenschaftlerkonferenz - NWK, 19, 2018, K{\"o}then}, language = {de} } @misc{SchulzGrussVoigt, author = {Schulz, Carsten and Gruss, H. and Voigt, S.}, title = {Ganzheitliche Instandhaltungsplanung f{\"u}r Industriegetriebe}, series = {Nachwuchswissenschaftlerkonferenz - NWK, 19, 2018, K{\"o}then}, journal = {Nachwuchswissenschaftlerkonferenz - NWK, 19, 2018, K{\"o}then}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchlechtMtauwegSchulz, author = {Schlecht, Berthold and Mtauweg, S and Schulz, Carsten}, title = {Dynamische Untersuchung des Azimutsystems und der Windrichtungsnachf{\"u}hrungsstrategie einer Windenergieanlage}, series = {3. VDI-Fachtagung Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2012 mit Fachausstellung : Bremen, 07. und 08. Februar 2012}, booktitle = {3. VDI-Fachtagung Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2012 mit Fachausstellung : Bremen, 07. und 08. Februar 2012}, publisher = {VDI-Verl.}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-18-092168-6}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchulzMulski, author = {Schulz, Carsten and Mulski, Steve}, title = {About the Necessity of Flexible Gears}, series = {VDI International Conferences on Gears, October 5-7 2015, M{\"u}nchen}, booktitle = {VDI International Conferences on Gears, October 5-7 2015, M{\"u}nchen}, publisher = {VDI Verlag}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-18-092255-3}, pages = {471 -- 482}, language = {en} } @article{SchulzSchwarz, author = {Schulz, Carsten and Schwarz, Colin}, title = {Drivetrain fatigue strength characteristics of model-predictive control for wind turbines}, series = {Wind Energy}, volume = {23}, journal = {Wind Energy}, number = {12}, publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1002/we.2520}, pages = {2137 -- 2149}, abstract = {Wind turbines play a crucial role in the revolution towards renewable resources. They need to be economically competitive to be sustainable. This still requires to lower the cost of energy (COE). To this end, nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is used within this paper. As known from literature, NMPC significantly improves the energy extracting performance as well as the mitigation of tower loads of wind turbines. As it is shown in this paper, the drivetrain fatigue strength drops disproportionally in parallel, which either increases the demands on the turbine design or decreases the lifetime of drivetrain components. Without additional boundary conditions to the underlying optimal control problems (OCPs), the application of energy-maximizing NMPC might so even raise the COE. Only penalizing axial torque oscillations by quadratic terms decreases energy-extracting performance below the level of classical wind turbine controllers. This makes more sophisticated conditions necessary. In this paper, the increase of the drivetrain damage by NMPC is analyzed, and appropriate boundary conditions are derived, to balance the two contradicting objectives of energy maximization and drivetrain load mitigation. An NMPC approach based on indirect methods is used, to obtain a solution of the OCPs very efficiently. It applies the Hamilton equations and Pontryagin's maximum principle. Its accuracy and efficiency to solve OCPs was presented over the last decades.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchulzKiess, author = {Schulz, Carsten and Kieß, Benjamin}, title = {Validierung des Digitalen Zwillings eines Getriebes im Zeitbereich}, series = {Dresdner Maschinenelemente Kolloquium - DMK 2024, 14.-15. Mai 2024, Dresden}, booktitle = {Dresdner Maschinenelemente Kolloquium - DMK 2024, 14.-15. Mai 2024, Dresden}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KiessSchulz, author = {Kieß, Benjamin and Schulz, Carsten}, title = {Digital Twin Based Predictive Maintenance}, series = {NWC, NAFEMS World Congress 2021: 25-29 October, Online}, booktitle = {NWC, NAFEMS World Congress 2021: 25-29 October, Online}, abstract = {Maintenance strategies of drivetrains either focus on cases of failure or act preventively. The case of failure of a single element within a drivetrain can lead to the failure of the whole machinery or even an entire production line. A maintenance strategy, which focuses only on the case of failure, holds therefore economic risks. A preventive maintenance strategy can lead to replacements of intact components, because one strictly relies on fix maintenance intervals. The useful life of these replaced components is not fully utilized. A further development is the combination of one or two maintenance strategies mentioned above with condition monitoring (CM) in addition. CM monitors crucial components of the machinery. If CM indicates first signs of maloperation, unusual signals or amplitudes, one can initiate maintenance. The significance of a CM relies on the amount, placement and positioning of sensors. In reality, placement and positioning is restricted by design space and operation conditions. Current Research at HSA aims on the development of a predictive maintenance strategy, which combines CM with a realtime-capable digital twin. The latter bases on a multibody system and can be considered as a virtual CM. Within this, the CM provides boundary conditions and realtime validation for the digital twin. The virtual CM suffers no restrictions such as design space and operation conditions. It is able to predict the behavior of the drivetrain at any time, at any place, in any resolution. The data provided by the virtual CM can be used to reevaluate maximum utilization of components and therefore it can be used to set up a predictive maintenance strategy. To investigate the possibilities of this predicitve maintenance strategy further, a drivetrain test bench has been developed at HSA from scratch. The main component is a modular, three-stage gearbox which allows different setups of parameters in which e.g. center distance, bearing concepts and transmission ratio can be changed and modified. Several high fidelity sensors provide CM in realtime. The Paper will focus on the comparison of real and virtual signals and shows first results of validations in frequency domain.}, language = {en} } @misc{GerschSchulzKral, author = {Gersch, Sebastian and Schulz, Carsten and Kral, Christopher}, title = {Realpotential von Eigenspannungen zur Erh{\"o}hung der Bauteillebensdauer bei generativ gefertigten, dynamisch beanspruchten Bauteilen}, series = {9. Mitteldeutsches Forum - 3D-Druck in der Anwendung, 29. Juni 2022, Jena}, journal = {9. Mitteldeutsches Forum - 3D-Druck in der Anwendung, 29. Juni 2022, Jena}, language = {de} }