@inproceedings{GerlachSchloesslerSteinbucketal., author = {Gerlach, Navina and Schl{\"o}ßler, Kathrin and Steinbuck, Joana and Bleek, Julian and G{\"u}nster, Christian and Marschall, Ursula and Schneider, Udo and Horenkamp-Sonntag, Dirk and Sundmacher, Leonie and K{\"o}nig, Hans-Helmut and Zeymer, Uwe and Schneider, Steffen and Werdan, Karl and Weber, Michael and Sch{\"a}fer, Corinna and Klemperer, David and Kopp, Ina and Nothacker, Monika and Donner-Banzhoff, Norbert}, title = {104 Reducing unwarranted variations in frequency of coronary angiographies in germany by describing, understanding and modifying local practice}, series = {BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, Poster and conversation presentations : Preventing Overdiagnosis, Abstracts, August 2018, Copenhagen}, booktitle = {BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, Poster and conversation presentations : Preventing Overdiagnosis, Abstracts, August 2018, Copenhagen}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}, doi = {10.1136/bmjebm-2018-111070.104}, abstract = {Objectives Germany has one of the highest numbers of coronary angiography worldwide. Nevertheless, we find a great variation between German regions for both, diagnostic coronary angiographies and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). We assume that this variation is not only due to variation in morbidity but also reflects factors such as guideline adherence, physician-patient communication and access to care. In this mixed method project, we aim to first describe the variation of coronary angiographies and PCIs in different German regions. Secondly, we explore current practices and motives for (non-)adherences to guidelines in the diagnostic process of patients with suspected CHD. Based on these results, we consequently plan to develop a complex intervention (treatment pathway) to improve guideline adherence and thus appropriateness of coronary angiography. Method The projects will be organized according to the recommendation of the Medical Research Council for the development and evaluation of complex interventions. The first study will use descriptive methods based on routine data of three German Health Care Insurances and registry data to describe status quo and associated factors of coronary angiography. The second study will use qualitative methods to understand barriers and facilitators of guideline adherence and medical decision making. Furthermore, we will discuss variations in care and thereby identify implementation targets for the planned treatment pathway. Based on this information, we will develop local treatment pathways in four selected regions. Relevant peers will develop the local pathway in group discussions. Using this bottom-up approach, we directly address implementation challenges.}, language = {en} } @misc{BeimlerLeisslEbneretal., author = {Beimler, Josef and Leißl, Caroline and Ebner, Lena and Elsner, Michael and M{\"u}hlbauer, Gerhard and Kohlert, Dieter and Schubert, Martin J. W. and Weiß, Andreas P. and Sterner, Michael and Raith, Thomas and Afranseder, Martin and Krapf, Tobias and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Siemers, Christian and Großmann, Benjamin and H{\"o}cherl, Johannes and Schlegl, Thomas and Schneider, Ralph and Milaev, Johannes and Rampelt, Christina and Roduner, Christian and Glowa, Christoph and Bachl, Christoph and Schliekmann, Claus and Gnan, Alfons and Grill, Martin and Ruhland, Karl and Piehler, Thomas and Friers, Daniel and Wels, Harald and Pflug, Kenny and Kucera, Markus and Waas, Thomas and Schlachetzki, Felix and Boy, Sandra and Pemmerl, Josef and Leis, Alexander and Welsch, Andreas F.X. and Graf, Franz and Zenger, Gerhard and Volbert, Klaus and Waas, Thomas and Scherzinger, Stefanie and Klettke, Meike and St{\"o}rl, Uta and Heyl, C. and Boldenko, A. and Monkman, Gareth J. and Kujat, Richard and Briem, Ulrich and Hierl, Stefan and Talbot, Sebastian and Schmailzl, Anton and Ławrowski, Robert Damian and Prommesberger, Christian and Langer, Christoph and Dams, Florian and Schreiner, Rupert and Valentino, Piergiorgio and Romano, Marco and Ehrlich, Ingo and Furgiuele, Franco and Gebbeken, Norbert and Eisenried, Michael and Jungbauer, Bastian and Hutterer, Albert and Bauhuber, Michael and Mikrievskij, Andreas and Argauer, Monika and Hummel, Helmut and Lechner, Alfred and Liebetruth, Thomas and Schumm, Michael and Joseph, Saskia and Reschke, Michael and Soska, Alexander and Schroll-Decker, Irmgard and Putzer, Michael and Rasmussen, John and Dendorfer, Sebastian and Weber, Tim and Al-Munajjed, Amir Andreas and Verkerke, Gijsbertus Jacob and Renkawitz, Tobias and Haug, Sonja and Rudolph, Clarissa and Zeitler, Annika and Schaubeck, Simon and Steffens, Oliver and Rechenauer, Christian and Schulz-Brize, Thekla and Fleischmann, Florian and Kusterle, Wolfgang and Beer, Anne and Wagner, Bernd and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Forschungsbericht 2013}, editor = {Baier, Wolfgang}, address = {Regensburg}, organization = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-799}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7990}, pages = {80}, language = {de} } @misc{RueckBierlLechneretal., author = {R{\"u}ck, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf and Lechner, Alfred and Graf, Antonia and Dams, Florian and Schreiner, Rupert and Auchter, Eberhard and Kriz, Willy and Deubzer, MIchael and Schiller, Frank and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Niemetz, Michael and Margull, Ulrich and Hagel, Georg and Utesch, Matthias and Waldherr, Franz and B{\"o}hm, Matthias and Fraunhoffer, Judith and Gardeia, Armin and Schneider, Ralph and Streubel, Janet and Landes, Dieter and Studt, Reimer and Peuker, Dominik and Scharfenberg, Georg and Hook, Christian and Schuster, Dietwald and Ehrlich, Ingo and Dinnebier, Heinrich and Briem, Ulrich and L{\"a}mmlein, Stephan and Koder, Alexander and Bialek, Adam and Genewsky, Axel and Neumeier, Michael and Schlosser, Philipp and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Paule, Matthias and Galster, Christoph and Schiedermeier, Michael and Zwickel, Andreas and Hobmeier, Christoph and Bischoff, Tobias and Rill, Georg and Schaeffer, Thomas and Arbesmeier, Martin and Groß, Andreas and Schlegl, Thomas and Becker, Mark and Senn, Konrad and Schliekmann, Claus and Scholz, Peter and Sippl, Christian and Grill, Martin}, title = {Forschungsbericht 2011 / Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften - Fachhochschule Regensburg}, editor = {Eckstein, Josef}, address = {Regensburg}, organization = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Regensburg}, issn = {1868-3533}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-732}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7321}, language = {de} } @techreport{EmmertGlueckFreilingeretal., author = {Emmert, Michael and Gl{\"u}ck, Sven and Freilinger, Eva and Brandl, Dominik and Schindler, Sebastian and Kaul, Nicolas and Rasp, Franziska and Akstaller, Monika and Wetzel, Daniel and Jupke, Michael and Bodensteiner, Michael and Hohlfeld, Philipp and B{\"o}hm, Kevin and Brem, Theresa and Hammer, Pascal and Singer, Thomas and Karing, Maria and Schneider, Viola and Ostermeier, Tobias}, title = {FMS-Berichte (Mai 2021)}, editor = {Meier, Hans and Niemetz, Michael and Reindl, Andrea}, address = {Regensburg}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-1915}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-19155}, pages = {99}, abstract = {Dieser Bericht entstand auf Initiative der Studierenden des 2020 neu gegr{\"u}ndeten Masterstudiengangs „Elektro- und Informationstechnik (MEI)", die an der Pflichtlehrveranstaltung „Forschungsmethoden und Seminar (FMS)" im Wintersemester 2020/21 teilnahmen. Diese Lehrveranstaltung hat das Ziel, systematisch an das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, speziell die Wissenschaftskommunikation, heranzuf{\"u}hren. Daher war geeignete Literatur zu einem individuellen Thema zu recherchieren, Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen auf ihre Relevanz hin zu beurteilen und letztendlich eine eigene Ausarbeitung basierend auf der Literaturrecherche zu erarbeiten und diese in einem Vortrag zu pr{\"a}sentieren. Parallel dazu erfolgte im Theorieteil die entsprechende Hinf{\"u}hrung zu den verschiedenen Elementen der Wissenschaftskommunikation: • Bedeutung der Wissenschaftskommunikation f{\"u}r die Arbeit der Ingenieure in Forschung und Entwicklung • Literaturrecherche, Suchmaschinen, Sichtung und Analyse vorhandener Publikationen, Bewertung der Qualit{\"a}t aufgefundener Fachliteratur, Auswahl geeigneter Materialien f{\"u}r die eigene Arbeit • Aufbereitung und Darstellung der recherchierten technischer Inhalte in Form einer seitenanzahlbegrenzten wissenschaftlichen Ausarbeitung • Einhalten formaler Randbedingungen bzgl. Strukturierung, einschl. Bildnachweise und Zitationsstile • Peer-review-Prozess bei wertsch{\"a}tzender Beurteilung der Leistung anderer • Publikumsangepasstes Aufbereiten komplexer fachlicher Inhalte mit hochschul{\"o}ffentlicher Pr{\"a}sentation der Ergebnisse • F{\"u}hren m{\"u}ndlicher wissenschaftlicher Diskurse Nachdem die Masterstudierenden in der Regel {\"u}ber noch keine eigene wissenschaftliche Forschungserfahrung bzw. -inhalte verf{\"u}gen, lag der w{\"a}hlbare Schwerpunkt der Literatursuche auf der Bearbeitung von vorgegeben aktuellen technischen oder gesellschaftspolitischen Forschungsthemen.}, language = {de} } @article{KheiroddinSchoeberlAlthammeretal., author = {Kheiroddin, Parastoo and Sch{\"o}berl, Patricia and Althammer, Michael and Cibali, Ezgi and W{\"u}rfel, Thea and Wein, Hannah and Kulawik, Birgit and Buntrock-D{\"o}pke, Heike and Weigl, Eva and Gran, Silvia and Gr{\"u}ndl, Magdalena and Langguth, Jana and Lampl, Benedikt and Judex, Guido and Niggel, Jakob and Pagel, Philipp and Schratzenstaller, Thomas and Schneider-Brachert, Wulf and Gastiger, Susanne and Bodenschatz, Mona and Konrad, Maike and Levchuk, Artem and Roth, Cornelius and Sch{\"o}ner, David and Schneebauer, Florian and Rohrmanstorfer, Ren{\´e} and Burkovski, Andreas and Ambrosch, Andreas and Wagner, Thomas and Kabesch, Michael}, title = {Results of WICOVIR Gargle Pool PCR Testing in German Schools Based on the First 100,000 Tests}, series = {Frontiers in Pediatrics}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Pediatrics}, editor = {Buonsenso, Danilo}, publisher = {frontiers}, issn = {2296-2360}, doi = {10.3389/fped.2021.721518}, abstract = {Background: Opening schools and keeping children safe from SARS-CoV-2 infections at the same time is urgently needed to protect children from direct and indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this goal, a safe, efficient, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 testing system for schools in addition to standard hygiene measures is necessary. Methods: We implemented the screening WICOVIR concept for schools in the southeast of Germany, which is based on gargling at home, pooling of samples in schools, and assessment of SARS-CoV-2 by pool rRT-PCR, performed decentralized in numerous participating laboratories. Depooling was performed if pools were positive, and results were transmitted with software specifically developed for the project within a day. Here, we report the results after the first 13 weeks in the project. Findings: We developed and implemented the proof-of-concept test system within a pilot phase of 7 weeks based on almost 17,000 participants. After 6 weeks in the main phase of the project, we performed >100,000 tests in total, analyzed in 7,896 pools, identifying 19 cases in >100 participating schools. On average, positive children showed an individual CT value of 31 when identified in the pools. Up to 30 samples were pooled (mean 13) in general, based on school classes and attached school staff. All three participating laboratories detected positive samples reliably with their previously established rRT-PCR standard protocols. When self-administered antigen tests were performed concomitantly in positive cases, only one of these eight tests was positive, and when antigen tests performed after positive pool rRT-PCR results were already known were included, 3 out of 11 truly positive tests were also identified by antigen testing. After 3 weeks of repetitive WICOVIR testing twice weekly, the detection rate of positive children in that cohort decreased significantly from 0.042 to 0.012 (p = 0.008). Interpretation: Repeated gargle pool rRT-PCR testing can be implemented quickly in schools. It is an effective, valid, and well-received test system for schools, superior to antigen tests in sensitivity, acceptance, and costs.}, subject = {Covid-19}, language = {en} } @techreport{GerhardsWeberKlafkaetal., author = {Gerhards, Christoph and Weber, Urban and Klafka, Peter and Golla, Stefan and Hagedorn, Gregor and Baumann, Franz and Brendel, Heiko and Breyer, Christian and Clausen, Jens and Creutzig, Felix and Daub, Claus-Heinrich and Helgenberger, Sebastian and Hentschel, Karl-Martin and von Hirschhausen, Christian and Jordan, Ulrike and Kemfert, Claudia and Krause, Harald and Linow, Sven and Oei, Pao-Yu and Pehnt, Martin and Pfennig, Andreas and Pr{\"a}ger, Fabian and Quaschning, Volker and Schneider, Jens and Spindler, Uli and Stelzer, Volker and Sterner, Michael and Wagener-Lohse, Georg and Weinsziehr, Theresa}, title = {Klimavertr{\"a}gliche Energieversorgung f{\"u}r Deutschland - 16 Orientierungspunkte}, series = {Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge der Scinetists for Future ; 7}, journal = {Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge der Scinetists for Future ; 7}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4409334}, abstract = {Als fairer Beitrag Deutschlands zur Einhaltung der globalen 1,5-Grad-Grenze werden 16 Orientierungspunkte f{\"u}r eine klimavertr{\"a}gliche Energieversorgung vorgestellt. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass hierf{\"u}r die deutschen energiebedingten CO2-Emissio­nen in etwa 15 Jahren weitgehend auf Null sinken m{\"u}ssen. Energieeinsparung hilft, den notwendigen Ausbau von regenerativen Erzeugungskapazit{\"a}ten zu verringern. Der Verkehrssektor kann ebenso wie die Bereiche Prozess- und Geb{\"a}udew{\"a}rme hier­zu wesentlich beitragen. Die Kernenergie ist mit großen Risiken belastet und kann nicht hinreichend schnell aufgebaut werden. Biomasse in Form von Energie­pflan­zen zu nutzen, ist ineffizient und steht im Konflikt mit anderen Arten der Land­nut­zung. Importe klimaneutral erzeugter Energietr{\"a}ger in sehr großem Umfang er­for­dern extrem große Investitionen im Ausland. Sie sind eine ungesicherte Option auf die Zukunft. Entscheidend ist daher der ausreichend schnelle Ausbau von Photovoltaik (PV) und Wind­kraft in Deutschland. Sch{\"a}tzungsweise kann der Elektrizit{\"a}tsbedarf im Jahr 2030 z.B. durch den Ausbau auf ca. 350 GW PV und ca. 150 GW Windkraft nahe­zu voll­st{\"a}ndig regenerativ gedeckt werden. Damit ließe sich eine zum großen Teil elek­tri­fizierte Mobilit{\"a}t und W{\"a}rmeversorgung betreiben und ein Teil des ben{\"o}­tig­ten "gr{\"u}­nen" Wasserstoffs in Deutschland bereitstellen. Hierf{\"u}r ist ein j{\"a}hr­licher Zu­bau von durchschnittlich ca. 30 GW PV und ca. 9 GW Windkraft n{\"o}tig. Dies ist ca. sechs- (PV) bzw. dreimal (Wind) so hoch wie bisher vorgesehen und verlangt eine ge­sell­schaft­liche Kraftanstrengung. Ein weiter verz{\"o}gerter Ausbau m{\"u}sste mit noch deut­lich gr{\"o}ßeren gesellschaftlichen Anstrengungen f{\"u}r drastische Energieeinspa­run­gen oder Importe erneuerbarer Energie ausgeglichen werden. Insgesamt k{\"o}nnte dies noch deutlich schwieriger zu realisieren sein, als ein ambitionierter Ausbau. Da der Auf­bau der Kapazit{\"a}ten mehrere Jahre erfordert, ist es m{\"o}glich nachzusteuern, z. B. wenn erkennbar wird, dass sich ein ausreichend großer globaler Markt f{\"u}r Importe ent­wi­ckelt. Bis dahin ist es aus Verantwortung gegen­{\"u}ber der Zukunft und im Sinne des Pariser Vertrages empfehlenswert, die hier genannten Ausbauziele zu verfol­gen. Gr{\"u}ner, also aus erneuerbaren Energien hergestellter Wasserstoff und daraus abge­lei­tete Syntheseprodukte sind f{\"u}r die Dekarbonisierung von Industrieprozessen, den Flug- und Schiffsverkehr sowie f{\"u}r die Absicherung der Energieversorgung bei Dun­kel­flauten n{\"o}tig. Ohne die genannten Ausbauziele f{\"u}r Wind und Solar noch drastisch weiter zu erh{\"o}hen, stehen diese Produkte f{\"u}r Straßenverkehr und W{\"a}rmeversor­gung jedoch nicht in ausreichenden Mengen zur Verf{\"u}gung. Techniken zum Aus­gleich zwischen Elektrizit{\"a}tsangebot und -nachfrage sind verf{\"u}gbar und sollten recht­zeitig auf- bzw. ausgebaut werden. Hierzu geh{\"o}ren: Stromaustausch mit den Nach­barl{\"a}ndern, Flexibilisierung des Verbrauchs und Energiespeicherung. F{\"u}r deren Inte­gration sowie den Ausbau der Netze sollten z{\"u}gig verbesserte rechtliche Rah­men­bedingungen geschaffen werden. Die Kosten eines klimavertr{\"a}glichen Energiesystems sind mittel- bis langfristig nicht h{\"o}­her als im derzeitigen System. Gleichzeitig entstehen Arbeitspl{\"a}tze und Export­chan­cen durch Aufbau, Betrieb und Wartung einer regenerativen Energieversorgung in Deutschland und die energetische Geb{\"a}udesanierung. Die politischen Rahmenbe­din­gungen entscheiden, ob eine klimavertr{\"a}gliche Energieversorgung Deutschlands ge­lingt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHaumerKoeckeis, author = {Schneider, Michael and Haumer, Anton and K{\"o}ckeis, Rupert}, title = {Modelling and Simulation of the passive Structure of a 5-Axis-Milling Machine with rigid and flexible bodies for evaluating the static and dynamic behaviour}, series = {Proceedings of the 12th International Modelica Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, May 15-17, 2017}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Modelica Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, May 15-17, 2017}, publisher = {Link{\"o}ping University Electronic Press}, doi = {10.3384/ecp17132389}, pages = {389 -- 395}, abstract = {Most of the mechanical simulations for industrial usage are done by finite element (FE-) analysis. Milling machines are mechatronic systems, combining electrical, mechanical and control components for machining certain materials. Modelica provides a powerful and strong tool to simulate different physical ares in one model. For this usage a mechanical model of a 5-Axis-Milling Machine is implemented with rigid and flexible bodies. Specific attention will be paid to which components can be modelled rigid without significant deviation in accordance to the real behaviour of the machine. Two classes of implementing flexible bodies in multi body systems are given by the flexible bodies Library, advantages and disadvantages of both classes will be evaluated. At the end a comparision of the static and dynamic behaviour of the passive structure of the model in contrast to a FE-analysis is given.}, language = {en} } @article{SchieringEichstaedtHeizmannetal., author = {Schiering, Nadine and Eichst{\"a}dt, Sascha and Heizmann, Michael and Koch, Wolfgang and Schneider, Linda-Sophie and Scheele, Stephan and Sommer, Klaus-Dieter}, title = {Modelling of measuring systems - From white box models to cognitive approaches}, series = {Measurement: Sensors}, journal = {Measurement: Sensors}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {2665-9174}, doi = {10.1016/j.measen.2024.101503}, abstract = {Mathematical models of measuring systems and processes play an essential role in metrology and practical measurements. They form the basis for understanding and evaluating measurements, their results and their trustworthiness. Classic analytical parametric modelling is based on largely complete knowledge of measurement technology and the measurement process. But due to digital transformation towards the Internet of Things (IIoT) with an increasing number of intensively and flexibly networked measurement systems and consequently ever larger amounts of data to be processed, data-based modelling approaches have gained enormous importance. This has led to new approaches in measurement technology and industry like Digital Twins, Self-X Approaches, Soft Sensor Technology and Data and Information Fusion. In the future, data-based modelling will be increasingly dominated by intelligent, cognitive systems. Evaluating of the accuracy, trustworthiness and the functional uncertainty of the corresponding models is required. This paper provides a concise overview of modelling in metrology from classical white box models to intelligent, cognitive data-driven solutions identifying advantages and limitations. Additionally, the approaches to merge trustworthiness and metrological uncertainty will be discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{MoellenbeckHanischBlicharskiSchneideretal., author = {M{\"o}llenbeck, Simone and Hanisch-Blicharski, Anja and Schneider, Paul and Ligges, Manuel and Zhou, Ping and Kammler, Martin and Krenzer, Boris and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael}, title = {Ultra-fast Time-Resolved Electron Diffraction of Strongly Driven Phase Transitions on Silicon Surfaces}, series = {MRS Online Proceedings Library}, journal = {MRS Online Proceedings Library}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1557/PROC-1230-MM03-09}, abstract = {The dynamics of strongly driven phase transitions at surfaces are studied by ultra-fast time-resolved reflection high energy electron diffraction. The surfaces are excited by an intense fs-laser pulse (pump) and probed by an ultra-short electron pulse with variable time delay. The order-disorder phase transition from a c(4 {\~A}— 2) to a(2 {\~A}— 1) of the bare Si(001) surface shows a transient decrease of the intensity of the c(4 {\~A}— 2) spots which recovers on a time scale of a few hundred picoseconds indicating the excitation of the phase transition. On Si(111) a monolayer of Indium induces a (4 {\~A}— 1) reconstruction which undergoes a Peierls like phase transition to a (8 {\~A}— "2") reconstruction below 100 K. Upon laser excitation with a fluence of 3.4 mJ/cm 2 at a temperature of 72 K the phase transition was strongly driven. The (8 {\~A}— "2")-diffraction spots instantaneously disappears, while the intensity of the (4 {\~A}— 1)-spots increases. This increase of the (4 {\~A}— 1) spot intensity excludes an explanation by the Debye-Waller-Effect and is evidence for a true structural phase transition at a surface. {\^A}© 2010 Materials Research Society.}, language = {en} } @article{KrenzerHanischBlicharskiSchneideretal., author = {Krenzer, Boris and Hanisch-Blicharski, Anja and Schneider, Paul and Payer, Thomas and M{\"o}llenbeck, Simone and Osmani, O. and Kammler, Martin and Meyer, R. and Horn-von Hoegen, Michael}, title = {Phonon confinement effects in ultrathin epitaxial bismuth films on silicon studied by time-resolved electron diffraction}, series = {Physical Review B}, volume = {80}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {2}, publisher = {APS}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.80.024307}, abstract = {The transient temperature evolution of ultrathin bismuth films, epitaxially grown on a silicon single crystal, upon femtosecond laser excitation is studied by time-resolved electron diffraction. The exponential decay of the film temperature is explained by phonon reflection at the interface, which results in a strongly reduced thermal conduction in the cross plane of the layered system. The thermal boundary conductance is found to be as low as 1273 W/(K cm2). Model calculations, including phonon confinement effects, explain the linear relationship between the observed film-temperature decay constant and the film thickness. Even for 2.5 nm thin films the phonon transmission probability across the interface is given by bulk properties. Our simulations show that phonon confinement effects are negligible for bismuth-film thicknesses larger than 1 nm.}, language = {en} }