@unpublished{KratzerWestnerStrahringer, author = {Kratzer, Simon and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Four Decades of Chief Information Officer Research}, organization = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}, doi = {10.1145/3614178.3614182}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-54208}, abstract = {Despite the relevance and maturity of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) research field, no studies exist that exhaustively summarize the current body of knowledge, focusing on the development of the field over its entire timespan. The paper at hand addresses this research gap and presents an exhaustive literature review on the CIO research field using main path analysis. We identify the central papers in CIO research and eight main research streams by quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing 466 papers. We find that established research streams, e.g., 'Evolving role of the CIO' and 'CIO hierarchical position and relationships' as well as recently emerging research streams, e.g., 'CIO as business enabler' and 'CIOs and IT security,' draw growing attention. Based on our findings, we develop promising further avenues for research in the CIO field.}, subject = {Informationsmanager}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WulfLindnerStrahringeretal., author = {Wulf, Frederik and Lindner, Tobias and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? The Why of Cloud Computing Delivery Model Selection}, series = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021}, isbn = {978-0-9981331-4-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7913}, pages = {6285 -- 6294}, abstract = {Most large-scale organizations adopted Cloud Computing (CC) on a company level in recent years. Managers now face the challenge to appropriately implement CC "operationally", i.e., for information systems (ISs). We refer to this as post-adoption, addressing the extent of technology usage after adoption. Specifically, managers need to choose among the CC delivery models Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-asa-Service (SaaS). We differentiate the determinants of this post-adoption decision for IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. Based on this analysis, we derive criteria that guide managers' delivery model selection: Adopt 1) IaaS for ISs requiring flexibility and reduced time to market, 2) PaaS to access specialized resources, and 3) SaaS to focus on core competencies. Moreover, we analyze the impact on the CC strategy and postulate them as recommendations: I) acknowledge the interplay between governance and time-to-market, II) realize cost savings on company level, and III) consider strategically important ISs for CC.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchwertsikWestner, author = {Schwertsik, Andreas and Westner, Markus}, title = {Produktorientierte IT-Leistungsverrechnung als Br{\"u}ckenschlag zwischen IT-Leistungserstellung und -verwendung}, series = {Prozesse, Technologie, Anwendungen, Systeme und Management : Tagungsband zur 27. AKWI-Fachtagung vom 07. bis 10.09.2014 an der Oberbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg / hrsg. von Thomas Barton}, booktitle = {Prozesse, Technologie, Anwendungen, Systeme und Management : Tagungsband zur 27. AKWI-Fachtagung vom 07. bis 10.09.2014 an der Oberbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg / hrsg. von Thomas Barton}, organization = {Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-928}, pages = {78 -- 91}, abstract = {Das vorliegende Paper untersucht anhand einer Fallstudie die Implementierung einer produktorientierten Leistungsverrechnung f{\"u}r IT-Services im Kontext eines international f{\"u}hrenden Industrieg{\"u}terunternehmens. Zun{\"a}chst werden die {\"o}konomischen und regulatorischen Anforderungen, die zur Ein-f{\"u}hrung des Systems gef{\"u}hrt haben, skizziert. Danach wird der Aufbau und Ablauf des Verrechnungsverfahrens geschildert: auf IT-Leistungserstellungs-seite werden die angefallenen Kosten {\"u}ber die Bildung sogenannter modularer „Service-Bausteine" den organisatorisch verantwortlichen Stellen als auch IT-Services zugeordnet. Auf Basis der geplanten Nachfragemenge werden diese IT-Services bepreist und in einem IT-Servicekatalog verzeichnet. Dort k{\"o}nnen sie von den Fachbereichen nachgefragt werden. Im Sinne von Vorteilen werden u.a. eine verursachungsgerechte Kostenverteilung erm{\"o}glicht, Kostentransparenz und -vergleichbarkeit geschaffen sowie das Kostenbewusstsein bei Leistungsempf{\"a}ngern und -erstellern gef{\"o}rdert. Als Nachteil erweist sich der administrative Aufwand zur Durchf{\"u}hrung der Kalkulation und in der Folge eine gewisse Statik des Systems, da unterj{\"a}hrige {\"A}nderungen nur unter Inkaufnahme von Zusatzaufwand nachgesteuert werden k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {IT-Abteilung}, language = {de} } @misc{WestnerFuhrmann, author = {Westner, Markus and Fuhrmann, Thomas}, title = {Applied Learning through Industry Collaboration}, series = {Applied Learning Conference, 2020, Singapur}, journal = {Applied Learning Conference, 2020, Singapur}, abstract = {Purpose In 1969, Germany founded a new type of tertiary education institution, the so-called "Universities of Applied Sciences" (UAS). In contrast to traditional universities, UAS are supposed to educate their students based on scientific methods but with a high degree of application orientation (Wissenschaftsrat, 2010). The goal was to generate highly employable graduates. Since then the number of UAS in Germany has risen to 216 in 2018/2019 (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2019). ~45\% of all German students start their tertiary education at a UAS (Autorengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung, 2018). UAS graduates are well perceived by domestic employers, enjoy high recruiting rates and attractive salary levels. The educational model has proven so successful that its approach and underlying philosophy has been replicated under terms such as "cooperative education" or "applied learning" in a vast number of different countries and educational systems around the globe (Altbach, Reisberg, \& Rumbley, 2011). This talk critically describes the key aspects that constitute German UAS' approaches to industry-oriented applied learning. The findings are relevant for academics, policy makers, and industry representatives to generate ideas on how to improve study curricula, policies, or collaboration between academia and industry. Method The approach taken consists of a descriptive and structured account of the key aspects that constitute the study curricula of a UAS from an applied learning perspective. By building on their own experiences as teaching professors and part of a German UAS' managerial team, the research method taken resembles an action research-oriented approach. Key Findings German UAS have numerous application-oriented learning elements in their curricula. These elements are performed inside the university like lab courses but many of these learning elements are carried out in cooperation with industry. Bachelor programs span over seven semesters. Fundamentals are taught in the first two semesters and from the third semester on, more and more application-oriented lectures and labs become part of the curricula. In the fifth semester, a mandatory internship is integrated in the study program. This internship is carried out either at companies in Germany or abroad. It is the goal of the internship that the students gain first practical experience in a real work environment. The work tasks in internship should be similar to the later professional demands and should contain a project. The students themselves are responsible for finding an appropriate job and organize the administrative aspects around the internship, thus their self-organization skills are advanced. The UAS teaching staff supervises the internships from an academic perspective. This mandatory internship has numerous advantages: students experience real industry environment and they build contacts to later employers thus forming a potential pathway to future employment. Bachelor and master courses each finish with thesis work. The majority of theses is carried out in companies under university supervision. This is a second chance for the students to accomplish a company project, to gain practical experience and to get in touch with potential employers. In addition to undergraduate and postgraduate education, German UAS do a lot of applied research together with companies. This applied research can also be the basis for the work of Ph.D students. Industry representatives are also involved when designing new study programs as consultants and give advice for accreditation and reaccreditation of programs. All these activities of German universities of applied sciences lead to a high practical relevance of education programs and to a high degree of employability of UAS graduates.}, language = {en} } @misc{WestnerFuhrmann, author = {Westner, Markus and Fuhrmann, Thomas}, title = {Entwicklung eines Programms f{\"u}r internationale Gastdozierende als Good Practice Modell f{\"u}r die Hochschulinternationalisierung}, series = {Internationalisierung der Curricula in den MINT-F{\"a}chern (ICM 2018), Berlin}, journal = {Internationalisierung der Curricula in den MINT-F{\"a}chern (ICM 2018), Berlin}, abstract = {Der Freistaat Bayern finanziert seit einigen Jahren ein Hochschulprogramm zur F{\"o}rderung von internationalen Gastprofessorinnen und Gastprofessoren an seinen Hochschulen. Mit diesen Finanzmitteln f{\"o}rdert die OTH Regensburg unter anderem internationale Gastvorlesungen. In der Fakult{\"a}t Informatik und Mathematik wurde seit 2015 eine Zusammenstellung internationaler Gastvorlesungen entwickelt, die als Wahlpflichtf{\"a}cher systematisch in ein bestehendes Curriculum integriert sind. So werden den heimischen Studierenden internationale Erfahrungen erm{\"o}glicht ("internationalization at home"), die fachliche Breite des Curriculums wird erh{\"o}ht und es k{\"o}nnen auf Basis pers{\"o}nlicher Kontakte internationale Hochschulpartnerschaften neu gekn{\"u}pft und weiter entwickelt werden. Jede Vorlesung in diesem Programm besteht aus mehreren Teilen. Zum Vorlesungsbeginn werden die geplanten Inhalte und Anforderung den Studierenden in einer Videokonferenz erl{\"a}utert. Die Studierenden erhalten Unterlagen, um sich in Selbstlerneinheiten auf die Pr{\"a}senzvorlesungen des Gastes vorzubereiten. Im Pr{\"a}senzteil verbringt die/der Gastdozierende ca. 2 bis 3 Wochen in Regensburg und h{\"a}lt an der Hochschule Blockvorlesungen. So ist es m{\"o}glich, Veranstaltungen mit 5 ECTS Credits in einem "blended learning" Lehr-/Lernformat durchzuf{\"u}hren. Studierende sch{\"a}tzen das Programm sehr und {\"a}ußern sich in Evaluationen {\"a}ußerst positiv {\"u}ber die fachliche und didaktische Erweiterung des F{\"a}cherspektrums. Dieses Programm wird als "good practice" innerhalb der Hochschule angesehen und soll in anderen technischen Fakult{\"a}ten verbreitet werden, u.a. wurde ein "Prozesshandbuch" mit konkreten Beispielen und Handreichungen erstellt. Der Vortrag geht auf diese und weitere Umsetzungsaspekte sowie zugeh{\"o}rige Herausforderungen ein.}, subject = {Hochschule}, language = {de} } @misc{KratzerStrahringerWestner, author = {Kratzer, Simon and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {Fractional CIOs in SMEs}, series = {2024 2nd International Conference on Management Information Systems (ICMIS 2024), September 28-30, 2024, Tokyo, Japan}, volume = {2}, journal = {2024 2nd International Conference on Management Information Systems (ICMIS 2024), September 28-30, 2024, Tokyo, Japan}, abstract = {To remain competitive, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to man-age information technology (IT) effectively. Unlike larger organisations, SMEs often face limited resources and challenges in attracting talent, and typically lack the need for a full-time Chief Information Officer (CIO). In response, a growing number of professionals around the world are offering CIO services on a part-time, shared basis to multiple clients. This model provides SMEs with affordable and flexible access to experienced IT leadership. Known as 'fractional CIOs', these professionals deliver significant value, yet there has been little academic re-search into this phenomenon. Our study, conducted between 2020 and 2023 with 62 Fractional CIOs in 10 countries, aims to fill this gap. It provides a clear defini-tion of fractional CIOs, outlines their engagement models and identifies the key factors that contribute to their success. The findings are intended to enlighten both academics and industry professionals.}, language = {en} } @article{BaryWestnerStrahringer2019, author = {Bary, Benedikt von and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {How decision maker's personal preferences influence the decision to backsource IT services}, series = {Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM)}, volume = {30}, journal = {Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM)}, number = {3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-233}, pages = {1 -- 22}, year = {2019}, abstract = {To prepare their IT landscape for future business challenges, companies are changing their IT sourcing arrangements by using selective sourcing approaches as well as multi-sourcing with more but smaller sourcing contracts. Companies therefore have to reconsider and re-evaluate their IT sourcing setup more frequently. Collecting data from 251 global experts, we empirically tested the effect of service quality, relationship quality, and switching costs on IT sourcing decisions using partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Drawing on previously conducted expert interviews, our model extends previous studies and introduces a decision maker's sourcing preferences as a not yet examined moderator on IT sourcing decisions. This allows us to investigate the influence of the decision maker's beliefs on the decision process. We were able to confirm the negative effect of switching costs on a decision in favor of backsourcing, however we could not find significant support for the remaining hypotheses. We further discuss potential reasons for our findings and suggest future research opportunities based on our contribution.}, subject = {Outsourcing}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StrasserWestner, author = {Strasser, Artur and Westner, Markus}, title = {Knowledge Transfer in IS Offshoring}, series = {Proceedings of the 19th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2015) Singapore, July 5-9}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2015) Singapore, July 5-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-835}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {IS offshoring research regarding knowledge transfer processes, roles involved, as well as influencing factors is characterized by its diverse and heterogeneous nature. Covering the last fifteen years of IS offshoring research, this paper provides a consolidated view of the field of study. It presents a generic knowledge transfer process consisting of four stages and five milestones. These stages are characterized and evaluated according to their relevance for knowledge transfer, the types of knowledge transferred, the main activities and methods for transfer and testing, as well as the goals pursued. Furthermore, we aggregate the diverse literature findings relating to individuals who facilitate knowledge transfer processes into a general role. We label this role "offshore coordinator" and present its core tasks and necessary skills. In addition, we identify and cluster core factors that influence success or failure of knowledge transfer. In summary, our study answers calls to discontinue with empirically derived definitions in favor of theory-based conceptualization of the IS offshoring research field with respect to knowledge transfer processes, roles, and success factors. Future studies can build on these results and examine questions with respect to particular characteristics of knowledge transfer processes and their influencing success and failure factors.}, subject = {Betriebliches Informationssystem}, language = {en} } @article{KoenningStrahringerWestner, author = {K{\"o}nning, Michael and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {Unraveling the impact of cultural distance on IT outsourcing success}, series = {Journal of Enterprise Information Management}, volume = {34}, journal = {Journal of Enterprise Information Management}, number = {3}, publisher = {Emerald}, doi = {10.1108/JEIM-06-2019-0151}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-8708}, pages = {811 -- 837}, abstract = {PURPOSE IT outsourcing (ITO) has developed into an established practice for organizations but the interorganizational and oftentimes international collaboration it involves comes at a price: Reports from academia and practice suggest that more than 25\% of all ITO projects fail, many because of cultural differences between client and provider organizations. Against this background, this paper analyzes the complex nature of cultural distance and its multi-faceted effect on ITO success. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This paper builds upon extant literature on culture on the national, organizational and team level, conceptualizes its effect on relationship quality and ITO success, and hypothesizes a model on potential moderators and management techniques to offset culture-induced challenges. It then evaluates and refines the model by means of an interpretive qualitative research design for an in-depth single-case study of ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE (P7S1), a leading European media company that reconfigured its IT sourcing model three times in 10 years. FINDINGS The results from interviews with top managers from client and provider organizations represent one of the first integrated views on the critical importance of cultural compatibility on multiple levels, provide manifold examples for its complex effect on ITO success, as well as moderators and potential management techniques to promote ITO success. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS This paper contributes relevant empirical insights to the growing body of literature on culture and its underestimated role in ITO success. It builds on tentative theory that is confirmed and refined. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The paper helps in substantiating the complex and intangible nature of culture and demonstrates means for its effective management. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The results from interviews with top managers from client and provider organizations represent one of the first integrated views on the critical importance of cultural compatibility on multiple levels, provide manifold examples for its complex effect on ITO success, as well as moderators and potential management techniques to promote ITO success.}, language = {en} } @article{KaessStrahringerWestner, author = {K{\"a}ss, Sebastian and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {Practitioners' Perceptions on the Adoption of Low Code Development Platforms}, series = {IEEE Access}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3258539}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-59170}, pages = {30}, abstract = {Organizations are under increasing pressure to develop applications within budget and time at high quality. Therefore, multiple organizations adopt Low Code Development Platforms (LCDP) to develop applications faster and cheaper compared to traditional application development. However, current research on LCDP adoption lacks empirical grounding as well as a deeper understanding of the importance of adoption drivers and inhibitors. We conducted semi-structured interviews and a Delphi study with seventeen experts to address these gaps. As a result, we identified twelve drivers and nineteen inhibitors for adopting LCDPs. We show that the experts have a consensus on the most and the least important drivers and inhibitors for LCDP adoption. Yet, the ranking of the drivers and inhibitors between the most and least important is highly context dependent. For some drivers and inhibitors, the experts' ranking is similar to academic literature, whereas, for others, it differs. In conclusion, the study at hand empirically validates drivers and inhibitors for LCDP adoption, adds six new drivers and six new inhibitors to the body of knowledge, and analyses the importance of these factors.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BrosigWestnerStrahringer, author = {Brosig, Christoph and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Linking IT assets and competitive advantage - IT capabilities of servitized business models}, series = {34th Bled eConference Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change: June 27 - 30, 2021, Online: Conference Proceedings}, booktitle = {34th Bled eConference Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change: June 27 - 30, 2021, Online: Conference Proceedings}, editor = {Borštnar, Mirjana Kljajić}, isbn = {978-961-286-485-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-20158}, pages = {111 -- 123}, abstract = {This paper connects research from business model innovation and information systems by exploring critical IT capabilities for servitized business models. The adoption of servitized business models is a major business model innovation strategy. At the same time, digitalization drives the evolution of IT capabilities at these business models. Scholars argue that it remains unclear how IT capabilities enable servitized business models to build a competitive advantage by achieving cost advantages or differentiation. This paper explores IT capabilities that enable building a competitive advantage for servitized business models based on a qualitative analysis of multiple published case studies. The authors identify configurations of IT capabilities among servitized business models. The findings contribute to servitization research by exploring IT capabilities and how they are combined among servitized business models. The insights help practitioners deploy digital technologies and IT assets effectively as building blocks of IT capabilities to advance their servitized business model.}, subject = {Gesch{\"a}ftsmodell}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HantschWestner, author = {Hantsch, Carolin and Westner, Markus}, title = {Governance of IT/OT Convergence: A Review of Academic and Practitioner Literature}, series = {16th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS) 2024, Proceedings, October 3rd to 5th, 2024, Porto, Portugal}, booktitle = {16th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS) 2024, Proceedings, October 3rd to 5th, 2024, Porto, Portugal}, publisher = {AIS eLibrary}, isbn = {978-989-33-6886-2}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-7833}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78335}, pages = {16}, abstract = {The convergence, i.e., integration, of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) is a critical aspect of digital transformation in industries, driving efficiency, innovation, and competitive advantage. However, this integration also introduces significant challenges, particularly in governance. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of IT/OT convergence, focusing on the governance challenges and strategies drawn from both academic and practitioner literature. The findings reveal that effective governance is crucial for successful IT/OT convergence, requiring clear definitions of roles and responsibilities, cross-functional collaboration, and a unified approach to mitigate risks and align organizational goals. Key IT/OT convergence governance strategies include establishing a Center of Excellence, adopting a risk-based approach, and fostering a culture of change. The paper highlights the need for further research to develop comprehensive governance frameworks and empirically examine the impact of governance on IT/OT convergence success. This paper provides valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners navigating the complexities of IT/OT convergence and governance in the era of Industry 4.0.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SpaethWestner, author = {Sp{\"a}th, Carina and Westner, Markus}, title = {Challenges in Agile Transformations: A Comprehensive Review}, series = {16th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS) 2024, Proceedings, October 3rd to 5th, 2024, Porto, Portugal}, booktitle = {16th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS) 2024, Proceedings, October 3rd to 5th, 2024, Porto, Portugal}, publisher = {AIS eLibrary}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-7832}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78320}, pages = {18}, abstract = {This paper investigates the challenges organizations face during agile transformations, a critical adaptation in today's fast-paced business environment. Despite the potential benefits, many companies struggle with the implementation of agile methodologies. Through a systematic literature review of recent publications, we identify and categorize 19 challenges into three main areas: people, leadership, and organisation/processes. Our findings highlight that the most significant issues arise within the 'people' category, including plan-driven thinking, lack of knowledge, and inefficient collaboration. Leadership challenges involve insufficient management support and cultural mismatches, while organisation/process-related issues encompass inadequate planning and coordination. By synthesizing these challenges, this study provides a comprehensive overview aimed at helping practitioners anticipate and mitigate potential obstacles, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful agile transformations. These insights extend existing knowledge and emphasize the need for a holistic approach to manage the people, the leadership, and the organisation/process challenges of agile transformation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WestnerCuestaGorostidiGutierrezRodriguezetal., author = {Westner, Markus and Cuesta Gorostidi, Irene and Gutierrez Rodriguez, Uxue and Oyarbide-Zubillaga, Aitor and Fern{\´a}ndez Rodr{\´i}guez, Isabel}, title = {Enhancing work-based learning through the i-wobal project and its digital school of work-based learning (WBL) facilitators}, series = {17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI2024), Seville, Spain. 11-13 November, 2024}, booktitle = {17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI2024), Seville, Spain. 11-13 November, 2024}, publisher = {IATED}, address = {Sevilla}, isbn = {978-84-09-63010-3}, issn = {2340-1095}, doi = {10.21125/iceri.2024}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78459}, pages = {10}, abstract = {The i-WOBAL project, supported by Erasmus+, strategically enhances work-based learning (WBL) in higher education and vocational training across Europe, with a particular focus on supporting the professional development of company and academic facilitators of students engaged in WBL environments. This initiative launches the i-WOBAL didactical guide, together with the establishment of the digital school of WBL facilitators, a digital learning space designed to translate the theoretical framework of the guide into practical, actionable strategies for facilitators. The project is the result of the coordinated work of a consortium of 7 higher education and vocational training institutions from 5 different European countries. The digital school of WBL facilitators serves as a training hub where facilitators from both academic institutions and the business sector receive specialised training to effectively guide and support students. The digital school offers a structured curriculum, including modules on relevant soft skills, to ensure that facilitators are well equipped to manage and enhance the WBL experience for students. This paper describes the curriculum and pedagogical approaches of the digital school of WBL facilitators, its role in facilitating the practical application of WBL strategies and the collaboration of the partners to bring in their unique expertise. The collaborative nature of the i-WOBAL project, involving a consortium of European educational and corporate institutions, promotes a shared culture of best practice and continuous innovation in WBL. The potential scalability of this model offers significant implications for future educational policies aimed at standardising and improving the facilitation of WBL across different educational systems and market environments.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SpaethWestner, author = {Sp{\"a}th, Carina and Westner, Markus}, title = {Navigating Agile Transformations}, series = {SaudiCIS 2024 Proceedings:1st Saudi Conference on Information Systems, November 19 to 21, 2024, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia}, booktitle = {SaudiCIS 2024 Proceedings:1st Saudi Conference on Information Systems, November 19 to 21, 2024, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia}, publisher = {Association for Information Systems Electronic Library}, address = {Dhahran}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78700}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {This study investigates how companies overcome challenges in agile transformations. Through interviews with ten experts from German companies across different industries, we identify key drivers, challenges, and success factors. Our findings reveal inefficiency, mimetic isomorphism, and competitive pressure as primary transformation drivers. We categorize challenges and solutions into people, organizational, and process-related factors, emphasizing the central role of human elements. The study presents 14 key success factors, with management involvement, commitment to agility, and strategic staffing emerging as crucial. These insights provide a framework for understanding and implementing agile transformations, offering guidance for organizations. Our results contribute to both theoretical understanding and practical application of agile methodologies in corporate settings.}, language = {en} } @article{Westner, author = {Westner, Markus}, title = {Low-Code/No-Code: Citizen Developers and the Surprising Future of Business Applications}, series = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, journal = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1436-3011}, doi = {10.1365/s40702-024-01106-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-74906}, pages = {1067 -- 1069}, language = {en} } @article{StrasserWestnerStrahringer, author = {Strasser, Artur and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Knowledge transfer in IS offshoring}, series = {Journal of Systems and Information Technology}, volume = {21}, journal = {Journal of Systems and Information Technology}, number = {1}, issn = {1328-7265}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-294}, pages = {36 -- 62}, abstract = {Purpose This paper aims to investigate the main tasks, necessary skills, and the implementation of the offshore coordinator's role to facilitate knowledge transfer in information systems (IS) offshoring. Design/methodology/approach This empirical exploratory study uses the classical Delphi method that includes one qualitative and two quantitative rounds to collect data on IS experts' perceptions to seek a consensus among them. Findings The participants agreed, with strong consensus, for a set of 16 tasks and 15 skills. The tasks focused primarily on relationship management and facilitating knowledge transfer on different levels. The set of skills consists of approximately 25 per cent "hard" skills, e.g. professional language skills and project management skills, and approximately 75 per cent "soft" skills, e.g. interpersonal and communication skills and the ability to deal with conflict. Two factors mainly influence implementing the offshore coordinator role: project size and the number of projects to be supported simultaneously. Practical implications The findings provide indications of how to define and fulfill this crucial role in practice to facilitate the knowledge transfer process in a positive way. Originality/value Similarities in previous research findings are aggregated to examine the intermediate role in detail from a consolidated perspective. This results in the first comprehensive set of critical tasks and skills assigned to the competency dimensions of the universal competency framework, demonstrating which and how many competency dimensions are critical.}, subject = {Betriebliches Informationssystem}, language = {en} } @article{KoenningWestnerStrahringer, author = {K{\"o}nning, Michael and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {A Systematic Review of Recent Developments in IT Outsourcing Research}, series = {Information Systems Management}, volume = {36}, journal = {Information Systems Management}, number = {1}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, pages = {78 -- 96}, abstract = {Incomplete conceptualization of the information technology outsourcing (ITO) literature represents a challenge for navigating extant research and engaging into purposeful academic discourse. We extend the analysis of empirical findings on determinants of ITO decisions, outcomes, and governance. We identify increasing levels of research maturity, analyze effects of 38 new independent variables, highlight contradictory findings, and observe increasing interest in emerging topics such as innovation through ITO and multisourcing.}, subject = {Outsourcing}, language = {en} } @article{KobusWestnerStrahringer, author = {Kobus, J{\"o}rn and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Enabling digitization by implementing Lean IT}, series = {The TQM Journal}, volume = {30}, journal = {The TQM Journal}, number = {6}, publisher = {Emerald insight}, pages = {764 -- 778}, abstract = {Purpose With the rise of digitization, IT organizations are challenged to provide efficient service delivery and offer innovative digital solutions while maintaining a constant resource capacity. To address this challenge, some IT organizations have adopted Lean Management (LM). Although LM is a standard production mode in manufacturing, it is less familiar to IT organizations. The purpose of this paper is to identify 12 lessons learned from companies who implemented LM in their IT organization (Lean IT) to free up their IT resource capacity from existing day-to-day operations so they could use it to enable their digitization strategy. Design/methodology/approach A case study of two major international companies from different industries. Data were collected from 25 structured interviews. Findings The lessons learned provide insights into how these companies implemented Lean IT, the potential outcomes they aimed for, what they did to achieve those outcomes, how they facilitated the implementation of Lean IT, and restrictions they encountered during the implementation. Research limitations/implications The findings are based on a limited range of IT organizations. Practical implications The lessons learned inform those implementing Lean IT because they explain how companies have implemented Lean IT to facilitate digitization and the benefits and pitfalls they encountered. A comparison of Lean IT and Lean Production shows that LM is transferable to IT organizations if domain specific requirements are respected. Originality/value This paper reports the unique experience of companies implementing Lean IT, which can inform other companies in a similar situation.}, subject = {Unternehmen}, language = {en} } @article{KopperWestnerStrahringer, author = {Kopper, Andreas and Westner, Markus and Strahringer, Susanne}, title = {Kontrollierte Nutzung von Schatten-IT}, series = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, volume = {54}, journal = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1365/s40702-016-0286-x}, pages = {97 -- 110}, abstract = {Basierend auf einer systematischen und umfangreichen Analyse von Praxisbeitr{\"a}gen zum Thema Schatten-IT, die zwischen September 2015 und August 2016 erschienen sind, beschreibt der vorliegende Artikel Governance-Aspekte zu diesem Ph{\"a}nomen. Er erg{\"a}nzt damit vorhergehende akademische Studien. Es zeigt sich, dass unter Praktikern der Eindruck vorherrscht, dass IT-Abteilungen unter zunehmendem Druck stehen, schneller auf sich {\"a}ndernde Anforderungen aus den Fachbereichen reagieren zu m{\"u}ssen. K{\"o}nnen IT-Abteilungen diesen Erwartungen nicht entsprechen, beschaffen sich Fachbereiche und Nutzer selbst L{\"o}sungen in Form von Schatten-IT. Als m{\"o}gliche Antwort darauf kann sich die IT-Abteilung agiler organisieren und die IT-Architektur im Unternehmen modernisieren. Eine weitere M{\"o}glichkeit besteht darin, sich das innovative Potenzial von Schatten-IT zunutze zu machen und deren Umsetzung aktiv durch organisatorische und technische Maßnahmen zu unterst{\"u}tzen. IT-Sicherheitsmanagement und technische Schutzmechanismen k{\"o}nnen helfen, die so entstandenen L{\"o}sungen abzusichern und die Risiken zu minimieren. Nach vorherrschender Ansicht entwickelt sich die IT-Abteilung als Konsequenz aus all diesen Maßnahmen zu einem nutzerorientierten, internen Service-Provider und strategischen Partner f{\"u}r die Fachbereiche.}, subject = {IT-Abteilung}, language = {de} }