@techreport{KrewerSchaepersAndersenetal., author = {Krewer, Carmen and Sch{\"a}pers, Barbara and Andersen, Henning Boje and Linner, Thomas and Steinb{\"o}ck, Martina and Hu, Rongbo and Zhao, Charlie and G{\"u}ttler, J{\"o}rg and Schlandt, Marcel and Valk, Carlijn and Lu, Yuan. and Kulev, Igor and Salehzadeh Niksirat, Kavous and Larsen, Rasmus Tostrup and Schrader, Lisa and Partyga, P. and Kraul, M. and Kozak, Dominika and Schwarze, A.-K. and Rusu, Alexandru and Murali, S. and Ricon, F. and Lingeg{\aa}rd, H. and v. Zanten, B. and Lovei, Peter and Visser, Thomas and Seelinger, A. and van den Boom, Camilla and Steenbakkers, J. and Henriksen, L. and Randrinambelonoro, M. and Perrine, C.}, title = {Formalized results of final testing and optimization activities: Summarization of testing and evaluation of final testing of continuously improved system in the form of prototypes in real world environments and presentation of optimization measures.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-36195}, abstract = {Deliverable D28: Formalized results of final testing and optimization activities: Summarization of testing and evaluation of final testing of continuously improved system in the form of prototypes in real world environments and presentation of optimization measures (associated with tasks T6.5, T6.6, T6.7, T6.8). D28 is an update on D27. Additional associated deliverables are D12, D13, D23, D31, and D44. Abstract: In order to provide a comprehensive summary of all testing activities, the medical core group (DTU, HUG, SK, TUM) created a mini protocol template (which requested the outline of some methodological aspects of each study such as study designs, the recruitment phase, population under investigation, etc.), and ensured that data were submitted and provided by the trial manager to the core group. In this deliverable we present, structure, and interpret the formalized results of the final testing and optimization activities of all testing activities in REACH. The deliverable includes the summarization of testing and evaluation of final testing of a continuously improved system in the form of prototypes in real world environments and the presentation of optimization measures. The deliverable is an update on deliverable D27 and associated with tasks T6.5, T6.6, T6.7, T6.8. In reaction to the reviewers' comments we initiated additional trials focusing on practice cases. Those trials are specifically ladled and included in the updated overview. A review on factors, i.e., falling, frailty, cognitive decline , sarcopenia, social isolation, and malnutrician, was performed to show the most important cofactors. Addressed in this deliverable is also the role of privacy and the hierarchy of needs which are essential components of the acceptance and use of technology .}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HuLinnerWangetal., author = {Hu, Rongbo and Linner, Thomas and Wang, Suting and Cheng, Wenting and Liu, Xiaolong and G{\"u}ttler, J{\"o}rg and Zhao, Charlie and Lu, Yuan and Bock, Thomas}, title = {Towards a Distributed Intelligent Home Based on Smart Furniture for China's Aging Population}, series = {Proceedings of the 38th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC): 02.11.2021 - 04.11.2021, Dubai, United Arab Emirates}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 38th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC): 02.11.2021 - 04.11.2021, Dubai, United Arab Emirates}, editor = {Feng, Chen and Linner, Thomas and Brilakis, Ioannis}, publisher = {International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC)}, isbn = {978-952-69524-1-3}, doi = {10.22260/ISARC2021/0008}, pages = {41 -- 48}, abstract = {Population aging is one of the major challenges facing the world. In particular, the advent of China's aging society caused by various factors will be a major threat to its future development. Therefore, serious measures need to be taken to achieve its demographic sustainability. Smart furniture can be considered as a novel subcategory of gerontechnology. One of the main outcomes of the EU-funded REACH project was a variety of smart furniture named Personalized Intelligent Interior Units (PI2Us) which served as the key component of a distributed intelligent home to promote the health and activity level of older adults. This outcome can potentially be a solution to mitigate the consequences caused by population aging. In order to understand the attitudes and opinions of Chinese older adults towards the relevant technologies, the authors conducted an opinion survey using the PI2Us as an example, which sampled more than 380 older adults in 26 out of 34 provincial-level administrative divisions of China. The survey showed that Chinese older adults in general have a highly positive attitude towards smart furniture and smart home technologies. Several other insights also can be revealed from the survey. Based on further analyses, the paper summarized why the elderly-oriented smart furniture and distributed intelligent home has the potential to thrive in China's market soon. Finally, a three-year project action plan for implementing localized solutions in cooperation with a large Chinese furniture manufacturer was presented.}, language = {en} } @article{IturraldeFeuchtIllneretal., author = {Iturralde, Kepa and Feucht, Malte and Illner, Daniel and Hu, Rongbo and Pan, Wen and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas and Eskudero, Ibon and Rodriguez, Mariola and Gorrotxategi, Jose and Izard, Jean-Baptizste and Astudillo, Julen and Cavalcanti Santos, Jo{\~a}o. and Gouttefarde, Marc and Fabritius, Marc and Martin, Christoph and Henninge, Tomas and Normes, Stein M. and Jacobsen, Yngve and Pracucci, Alessandro and Ca{\~n}ada, Jesus and Jimenez-Vicaria, Jose David and Alonso, Rub{\´e}n and Elia, Lorenzo}, title = {Cable-driven parallel robot for curtain wall module installation}, series = {Automation in Construction}, volume = {138}, journal = {Automation in Construction}, number = {June}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104235}, abstract = {A cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) was developed for the installation of curtain wall modules (CWM). The research addressed the question of whether the CDPR was capable installing CWMs with sufficient accuracy while being competitive compared to conventional manual methods. In order to develop and test such a system, a conceptual framework that consisted of three sub-systems was defined. The tests, carried out in two close-to-real demonstration buildings, revealed an absolute accuracy of the CWM installation of 4 to 23 mm. The working time for installing a CWM was reduced to 0.51 h. The results also show that the system is competitive for a workspace greater than 96 m2 compared to conventional manual methods. However, improvements such as reducing the hours for setting up the CDPR on the one hand and achieving a faster and more robust MEE on the other hand will be still necessary in the future.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{IturraldeFeuchtHuetal., author = {Iturralde, Kepa and Feucht, Malte and Hu, Rongbo and Pan, Wen and Schlandt, Marcel and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas and Izard, Jean-Baptizste and Eskudero, Ibon and Rodriguez, Mariola and Gorrotxategi, Jose and Astudillo, Julen and Cavalcanti Santos, Jo{\~a}o. and Gouttefarde, Marc and Fabritius, Marc and Martin, Christoph and Henninge, Tomas and Stein, M. Nornes and Normes, Stein M. and Jacobsen, Yngve and Pracucci, Alessandro and Ca{\~n}ada, Jesus and Jimenez-Vicaria, Jose David and Paulotto, Carlo and Alonso, Rub{\´e}n and Elia, Lorenzo}, title = {A Cable Driven Parallel Robot with a Modular End Effector for the Installation of Curtain Wall Modules (Best Paper Award)}, series = {Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, October 27-28, 2020, Kitakyushu, Japan}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, October 27-28, 2020, Kitakyushu, Japan}, editor = {Tateyama, Kazuyoshi and Ishii, Kazuo and Inoue, Fumihiro}, publisher = {The International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (I.A.A.R.C.)}, isbn = {978-952-94-3634-7}, doi = {10.22260/ISARC2020/0204}, pages = {1472 -- 1479}, abstract = {The installation of curtain wall modules (CWMs) is a risky activity carried out in the heights and often under unfavorable weather conditions. CWMs are heavy prefabricated walls that are lifted normally with bindings and cranes. High stability is needed while positioning in order not to damage the fragile CWMs. Moreover, this activity requires high precision while positioning brackets, the modules, and for that reason, intensive survey and marking are necessary. In order to avoid such inconveniences, there were experiences to install fa{\c{c}}ade modules in automatic mode using robotic devices. In the research project HEPHAESTUS, a novel system has been developed in order to install CWMs automatically. The system consists of two subsystems: a cable driven parallel robot (CDPR) and a set of robotic tools named as Modular End Effector (MEE). The platform of the CDPR hosts the MEE. This MEE performs the necessary tasks of installing the curtain wall modules. There are two main tasks that the CDPR and MEE need to achieve: first is the fixation of the brackets onto the concrete slab, and second is the picking and placing of the CWMs onto the brackets. The first integration of the aforementioned system was carried out in a controlled environment that resembled a building structure. The results of this first test show that there are minor deviations when positioning the CDPR platform. In future steps, the deviations will be compensated by the tools of the MEE and the installation of the CWM will be carried out with the required accuracy automatically.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HuKaboutehPawlitzaetal., author = {Hu, Rongbo and Kabouteh, Amir and Pawlitza, Katja and G{\"u}ttler, J{\"o}rg and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas}, title = {Developing Personalized Intelligent Interior Units to Promote Activity and Customized Healthcare for Aging Society}, series = {Proceedings of the 36th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2019), 21.05.2019-24.05.2019, Banff, Canada}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 36th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2019), 21.05.2019-24.05.2019, Banff, Canada}, editor = {Al-Hussein, Mohamed}, publisher = {The International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction}, isbn = {978-952-69524-0-6}, doi = {10.22260/ISARC2019/0032}, pages = {234 -- 241}, abstract = {The world's population is aging at an unprecedented pace. Aging society is not only a severe crisis in the developed world such as Germany and Japan, but also a rigorous challenge in emerging economies such as China. Many age-related diseases are fostered by the lack of physical, cognitive, and social activities. Increasing the activity level has many benefits for the elderly and can improve their independence. The research project REACH (funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement No. 690425) aims to develop a service system that will turn clinical and care environments into personalized modular sensing, prevention, and intervention systems that encourage the elderly to become healthy through activities (e.g., physical, cognitive, socializing, personalized food, etc.). As a core research partner, the Chair of Building Realization and Robotics at Technical University of Munich developed a series of Personalized Intelligent Interior Units (PI²Us), which are a special type of smart furniture, that materialize the REACH concepts and functionality seamlessly into the different REACH use case settings. Specifically, the design and functions of the PI²Us, which consist of the PI²U-SilverArc, PI²U-MiniArc, PI²U-Bed, and PI²U-iStander, will be described in detail. In addition, a modular apartment integrating all PI²Us and key technologies in REACH is designed and simulated to create a total interior living and care environment for elderly users. Due to its modularity, parts of the apartment can be easily adapted and rapidly deployed in different REACH use case settings in four European countries, which will then help the REACH consortium execute a series of testing activities. In conclusion, this research project provides a systematic and innovative example for the world to mitigate the impact of aging society.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HuLinnerSchmailzletal., author = {Hu, Rongbo and Linner, Thomas and Schmailzl, Marc and G{\"u}ttler, J{\"o}rg and Lu, Yuan and Bock, Thomas}, title = {Exploring Gerontechnology for Aging-Related Diseases in Design Education: An Interdisciplinary Perspective}, series = {Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, October 27-28, 2020, Kitakyushu, Japan}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, October 27-28, 2020, Kitakyushu, Japan}, editor = {Tateyama, Kazuyoshi and Ishii, Kazuo and Inoue, Fumihiro}, publisher = {The International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (I.A.A.R.C.)}, isbn = {978-952-94-3634-7}, doi = {10.22260/ISARC2020/0102}, pages = {735 -- 742}, abstract = {Aging society is not only a crisis in the developed world but also a severe challenge in some emerging economies. However, the awareness of population aging and gerontechnology is far from sufficiently addressed in the architectural design education in universities. Therefore, an interdisciplinary approach in design education is urgently needed to raise the awareness of the aging crisis among the future architects, interior designers, and beyond. This article introduces a novel model of a design seminar offered by a German University, addressing population aging issues in the architecture department. The syllabus, formality, and the expected results of the seminar are revealed in detail. The participants are encouraged to apply interdisciplinary knowledge such as barrier-free architecture, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, robotics, medicine, psychology, and business to achieve the goals of the seminar. Based on the originality and degree of completion, several students' works are selected and reported, targeting a variety of diseases or syndromes related to aging, such as dementia, immobility, and tremors. Overall, participants of this seminar are motivated and have positive feedback on this seminar, oftentimes claiming that they have seldom studied similar topics in previous architecture education. This enables students from architecture as well as other fields to be better prepared to tackle the upcoming challenges such as labor shortages and infectious diseases in a rapidly aging world. Furthermore, the seminar creates novel concepts that serve as a win-win "honeypot" for both students and their instructors, potentially sparking research topics and start-ups with concepts fostered in this seminar.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PanHuLinneretal., author = {Pan, Wen and Hu, Rongbo and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas}, title = {Developing a roadmap for implementing on-site construction automation and robotics in Hong Kong}, series = {CIB World Building Congress 2019 "Constructing Smart Cities" ; 17.06.2019-21.06.2019, Hong Kong, China}, booktitle = {CIB World Building Congress 2019 "Constructing Smart Cities" ; 17.06.2019-21.06.2019, Hong Kong, China}, abstract = {For a long time, the conventional construction sector in Hong Kong has been perceived as old-fashioned and lagging behind compared to many other industrial sectors. Numerous challenges are facing the construction industry, such as diminishing productivity, unstable quality, increasing demand, as well as population aging and shortage in the local labor market. One possible solution is to identify and deploy the state-of-the-art technologies that could potentially be implemented in the Hong Kong construction industry. Many studies have been documented about the design and development of a specific construction robotic system. However, there is limited literature on how to investigate the implementation and integration of a range of proposed systems in a specific, local context, and to evaluate the process and impact from short-term, mid-term, and long-term perspectives. Based on the ongoing consultancy project commissioned by the Construction Industry Council (CIC) in Hong Kong, this paper demonstrates the method adopted in proposing a systematic approach as well as the development of a comprehensive roadmap for implementing on-site construction automation and robotic technologies in the context of Hong Kong. In general, the proposed roadmap, which is structured based on the reviews of the current situation in Hong Kong's construction industry, will evaluate short-term and mid-term practical strategies and action plans. Furthermore, it will forecast a long-term perspective, aspirations, and potential business strategy. The activity of road-mapping is extended with the objective to mitigate existing risks and barriers, and to plan ahead. Eventually, it will serve as a guideline for the construction industry in Hong Kong and beyond to execute similar types of projects in the future.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PanIturraldeHuetal., author = {Pan, Wen and Iturralde, Kepa and Hu, Rongbo and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas}, title = {Adopting Off-site Manufacturing, and Automation and Robotics Technologies in Energy-efficient Building}, series = {Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, Kitakyushu, Japan, October 27-28, 2020}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, Kitakyushu, Japan, October 27-28, 2020}, editor = {Tateyama, Kazuyoshi and Ishii, Kazuo and Inoue, Fumihiro}, publisher = {The International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (I.A.A.R.C.)}, isbn = {978-952-94-3634-7}, doi = {10.22260/ISARC2020/0215}, pages = {1549 -- 1555}, abstract = {Delivering energy-efficient buildings or settlements has become a popular topic amongst architects, engineers, and building engineering physicists. There are many methods for improving building energy performances, both for new build projects and for retrofitting existing buildings. However, the construction industry faces some profound challenges to satisfy the increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings or other solutions and to be able to offer them at an affordable cost. A holistic approach has been adopted to validate whether automation robotics and off-site manufacturing technologies can yield positive changes in the delivery of energy-efficient buildings. This paper emphasizes the potential transformations and possible impacts on the design, construction, and installation process of an energy-efficient building once the advanced technologies are implemented. This paper also highlights case studies in multiple ongoing or past European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 research projects as well as private projects to demonstrate the applicability and technical feasibility of the proposed solution. The scenario proposed was used to demonstrate how to apply the proposal in a large-scale residential building project. In addition, the findings from this study will serve as proof of the concept of a larger research project, or as an inspiration for the construction industry to execute energy-efficient building projects in the future.}, language = {en} } @incollection{IlhanBockLinneretal., author = {Ilhan, Bahriye and Bock, Thomas and Linner, Thomas and Iturralde, Kepa and Pan, Wen and Hu, Rongbo}, title = {Innovative Robotics and Automation for Offsite Manufacturing}, series = {Offsite Production and Manufacturing for Innovative Construction : People, Process and Technology}, booktitle = {Offsite Production and Manufacturing for Innovative Construction : People, Process and Technology}, editor = {Goulding, J. S. and Rahimian, F. P.}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9781138550711}, doi = {10.1201/9781315147321-13}, abstract = {This chapter presents additional research and development on offsite modular manufacturing of interior subsystems - to transform real estate stock to future demands triggered by demographic challenges, thereby allowing instant deployment. It explores the use of innovative systems for prefabrication. Regarding offsite production and manufacturing, the transformation of parts and low-level components into higher-level components by highly mechanised, automated or robot-supported industrial settings therefore needs to take place. Construction automation for offsite manufacturing, requires the integration of products, organisation, informational aspects, and machine technology in order to maximise efficiency and deliver product quality. A construction-kit cell can confine the production-unit elements in a specific area of the building, yet contain a greater capacity than an upgraded existing environment. A fully robotic construction industry will require significant research and development - of each product, process, and participant of the building production process.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AndersenHenningBojeBardramMaxhunietal., author = {Andersen, Henning Boje, and Bardram, Jakob E. and Maxhuni, Alban and Larsen, Rasmus Tolstrup and Sch{\"a}pers Barbara, and Krewer, Carmen and Steinb{\"o}ck, Martina and Sprengel, D. and Linner, Thomas and Schlandt, Marcel and Kabouteh, Amir and G{\"u}ttler, J{\"o}rg and Hu, Rongbo and Lu, Yuan and Bock, Thomas}, title = {Detailed set of privacy guidelines and schemata: Summarization of the outcome of the development of necessary data privacy and security schemata to (1) protect sensed data; (2) ascertain computational anonymity; (3) ensure privileged intervention access}, abstract = {Deliverable D32: Detailed set of privacy guidelines and schemata Responsive Engagement of the Elderly promoting Activity and Customized Healthcare 2 Deliverable D32: Detailed set of privacy guidelines and schemata: Summarization of the outcome of the development of necessary data privacy and security schemata to (1) protect sensed data; (2) ascertain computational anonymity; (3) ensure privileged intervention access (associated with task T.7.5). Abstract: This deliverable report examines the outcomes of the REACH research project with regard to data privacy and data security, associated with Task T7.5. This document gives an overview of our analyses involving ethics and privacy concerns in terms of the individual touchpoints and shows how these findings guided the project towards the determination of the medical purpose and intended use-cornerstones to on the path to market entry. In addition, we provide a brief overview of how the guidelines regarding data protection and encryption influenced the technical design and implementation of project components. Furthermore, we provide an update on the management of legal implications (and the implications resulting from this for system requirements and business strategy) of the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in the context of REACH solutions, incorporating an external expert opinion. Finally, this deliverable report contains a summary of our approach towards risk gov-ernance and standardization in this regard: our work in REACH on privacy and security schemata, culminated in a CEN Workshop Agreement (guideline) that generalizes REACH outcomes and makes them accessible and usable beyond the REACH consortium .}, language = {en} }