@article{AltmannSchleglVolbert, author = {Altmann, Matthias and Schlegl, Peter and Volbert, Klaus}, title = {A low-power wireless system for energy consumption analysis at mains sockets}, series = {EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems}, journal = {EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1186/s13639-016-0041-y}, pages = {18}, abstract = {Introduction: Improving energy efficiency and reducing energy wastage is an important topic of our time. But it is quite difficult to figure out how much of our total electricity bill can be mapped to which device or at what time the device used it. We believe energy efficiency of normal households can be improved, if this kind of transparency would be available. In this article, we present a system for energy measurement at mains sockets to gain a transparent view of energy consumption for each device in a household. It consists of several smart energy measuring devices (SEMDs) that use a low-power radio protocol to dynamically build and connect to a radio network to transfer power usage date to a server. At the server, the data is stored and can be accessed via web interface. Results: Our primary goal was to build a back-end system for an energy metering platform with very low energy consumption. This platform can provide data for a variety of services that enables users (the consumers) to understand and improve their energy consumption behavior and increase overall energy efficiency of their households.}, language = {en} } @article{KennerThalerKuceraetal., author = {Kenner, Susanne and Thaler, Raphael and Kucera, Markus and Volbert, Klaus and Waas, Thomas}, title = {Comparison of Smart Grid architectures for monitoring and analyzing power grid data via Modbus and REST}, series = {EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems}, volume = {2017}, journal = {EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems}, doi = {10.1186/s13639-016-0045-7}, abstract = {Smart grid, smart metering, electromobility, and the regulation of the power network are keywords of the transition in energy politics. In the future, the power grid will be smart. Based on different works, this article presents a data collection, analyzing, and monitoring software for a reference smart grid. We discuss two possible architectures for collecting data from energy analyzers and analyze their performance with respect to real-time monitoring, load peak analysis, and automated regulation of the power grid. In the first architecture, we analyze the latency, needed bandwidth, and scalability for collecting data over the Modbus TCP/IP protocol and in the second one over a RESTful web service. The analysis results show that the solution with Modbus is more scalable as the one with RESTful web service. However, the performance and scalability of both architectures are sufficient for our reference smart grid and use cases.}, subject = {Intelligentes Stromnetz}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchwindlVolbertSchwab, author = {Schwindl, Tobias and Volbert, Klaus and Schwab, Maximilian}, title = {On Update Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks}, series = {Sensor Networks}, booktitle = {Sensor Networks}, editor = {Benavente-Peces, C{\´e}sar and Cam-Winget, Nancy and Fleury, Eric and Ahrens, Andreas}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-30109-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-30110-1_5}, pages = {74 -- 97}, abstract = {There has been a lot of research been done in the domain of Wireless Sensor Networks in recent years. Nowadays, Wireless Sensor Networks are in operation in a wide range of different scenarios and applications, like energy management services, heat and water billing as well as smoke detectors. However, research and development will be continued in this domain. During the operation of such a network, software updates need to be done seldom. In contrast to this, software updates need to be done very frequently during development and testing for uploading a new firmware on umpteen nodes. In this paper, we examine such a software update for a particular, but popular and often used sensor network platform. There are already interesting research papers about the process of updating sensor nodes. Our specific focus relies on the technical part of such an update process. We will argue why these already existing update processes do not cover our defiances. The objective of our software update protocol is to enable the developer to update many nodes in a reliable and very fast fashion during the development and testing process. For this reason, energy consumption is considered only marginally. We do not need a multi-hop protocol, due to the fact that all devices are in range, e.g. in a laboratory. In this paper we survey well known update protocols and architectures for software updates in WSN, discuss the solutions and compare them to our approach. As a conclusion of our extensive simulation follows to sum up that the developed protocols do a fast and scalable as well as a reliable update.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ThelenEderMelzeretal., author = {Thelen, Simon and Eder, Friedrich and Melzer, Matthias and Nunes, Danilo Weber and Stadler, Michael and Rechenauer, Christian and Obergrießer, Mathias and Jubeh, Ruben and Volbert, Klaus and D{\"u}nnweber, Jan}, title = {A Slim Digital Twin For A Smart City And Its Residents}, series = {SOICT '23: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Information and Communication Technology, 2023, Hi Chi Minh, Vietnam}, booktitle = {SOICT '23: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Information and Communication Technology, 2023, Hi Chi Minh, Vietnam}, publisher = {ACM}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0891-6}, doi = {10.1145/3628797.3628936}, pages = {8 -- 15}, abstract = {In the engineering domain, representing real-world objects using a body of data, called a digital twin, which is frequently updated by "live" measurements, has shown various advantages over tradi- tional modelling and simulation techniques. Consequently, urban planners have a strong interest in digital twin technology, since it provides them with a laboratory for experimenting with data before making far-reaching decisions. Realizing these decisions involves the work of professionals in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) domain who nowadays collaborate via the methodology of building information modeling (BIM). At the same time, the citizen plays an integral role both in the data acquisition phase, while also being a beneficiary of the improved resource management strategies. In this paper, we present a prototype for a "digital energy twin" platform we designed in cooperation with the city of Regensburg. We show how our extensible platform de- sign can satisfy the various requirements of multiple user groups through a series of data processing solutions and visualizations, in- dicating valuable design and implementation guidelines for future projects. In particular, we focus on two example use cases concern- ing building electricity monitoring and BIM. By implementing a flexible data processing architecture we can involve citizens in the data acquisition process, meeting the demands of modern users regarding maximum transparency in the handling of their data.}, language = {en} }