@article{ReijersWrightBreyetal., author = {Reijers, Wessel and Wright, David and Brey, Philip and Weber, Karsten and Rodrigues, Rowena and O'Sullivan, Declan and Gordijn, Bert}, title = {Methods for Practising Ethics in Research and Innovation}, series = {Science and Engineering Ethics}, volume = {24}, journal = {Science and Engineering Ethics}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s11948-017-9961-8}, pages = {1437 -- 1481}, abstract = {This paper provides a systematic literature review, analysis and discussion of methods that are proposed to practise ethics in research and innovation (R\&I). Ethical considerations concerning the impacts of R\&I are increasingly important, due to the quickening pace of technological innovation and the ubiquitous use of the outcomes of R\&I processes in society. For this reason, several methods for practising ethics have been developed in different fields of R\&I. The paper first of all presents a systematic search of academic sources that present and discuss such methods. Secondly, it provides a categorisation of these methods according to three main kinds: (1) ex ante methods, dealing with emerging technologies, (2) intra methods, dealing with technology design, and (3) ex post methods, dealing with ethical analysis of existing technologies. Thirdly, it discusses the methods by considering problems in the way they deal with the uncertainty of technological change, ethical technology design, the identification, analysis and resolving of ethical impacts of technologies and stakeholder participation. The results and discussion of our literature review are valuable for gaining an overview of the state of the art and serve as an outline of a future research agenda of methods for practising ethics in R\&I.}, language = {en} } @article{ScornaMohrAltenbuchneretal., author = {Scorna, Ulrike and Mohr, Christa and Altenbuchner, Amelie and Haug, Sonja and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der pflegerischen Fachberatung f{\"u}r MS-Patient/innen}, series = {Pflegewissenschaft}, volume = {19}, journal = {Pflegewissenschaft}, number = {7/8}, issn = {1662-3029}, pages = {137 -- 138}, abstract = {Der Artikel beschreibt auf Basis eines Mixed-Method-Forschungsansatzes die Auswirkungen der multiprofessionellen Teamarbeit der pflegerischen Fachberatung in einem Patientenbetreuungsprogramm auf die Therapietreue und der F{\"a}higkeit zur Krankheitsbew{\"a}ltigung der betreuten MS-Patient/innen. Zentrale Ergebnisse sind, dass durch die angebotene Unterst{\"u}tzung der MS-Fachberater/innen und Serviceteammitarbeiter/innen die Patient/innen ihr Wissen {\"u}ber die Krankheit vertiefen und Sicherheit im Umgang mit dieser erlangen. Beide Betreuungsangebote erg{\"a}nzen sich gegenseitig; MS-Fachberater/innen werden im Vergleich mit der Beratung durch Haus- und Fach{\"a}rzt/innen als wichtiger bewertet. Hinsichtlich Therapietreue und Krankheitsbew{\"a}ltigung sind multiprofessionelle Betreuungsprogramme essentiell.}, language = {de} } @article{ChristenGordijnWeberetal., author = {Christen, Markus and Gordijn, Bert and Weber, Karsten and van de Poel, Ibo and Yaghmaei, Emad}, title = {A Review of Value-Conflicts in Cybersecurity}, series = {Orbit Journal - An Online Journal for Responsible Research and Innovation in ICT}, volume = {1}, journal = {Orbit Journal - An Online Journal for Responsible Research and Innovation in ICT}, number = {1}, doi = {10.29297/orbit.v1i1.28}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {Cybersecurity is of capital importance in a world where economic and social processes increasingly rely on digital technology. Although the primary ethical motivation of cybersecurity is prevention of informational or physical harm, its enforcement can also entail conflicts with other moral values. This contribution provides an outline of value conflicts in cybersecurity based on a quantitative literature analysis and qualitative case studies. The aim is to demonstrate that the security-privacy-dichotomy—that still seems to dominate the ethics discourse based on our bibliometric analysis—is insufficient when discussing the ethical challenges of cybersecurity. Furthermore, we want to sketch how the notion of contextual integrity could help to better understand and mitigate such value conflicts.}, language = {en} } @article{WeberKleinePallasetal., author = {Weber, Karsten and Kleine, Nadine and Pallas, Frank and Ulbricht, Max-R.}, title = {Technik zur Unterst{\"u}tzung von Citizen Science und Open Science}, series = {TATuP - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung in Theorie und Praxis}, volume = {26}, journal = {TATuP - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung in Theorie und Praxis}, number = {1/2}, doi = {10.14512/tatup.26.1-2.25}, pages = {25 -- 30}, abstract = {If citizens actively participate in the process of collecting empirical data, as a key element of empirically oriented scientific projects, this can be seen as a contribution to an open and citizen-oriented science. Such participation can be supported by providing technical tools. The paper therefore presents examples of participatory sensing as the provision of affordable sensors for measuring environmental parameters as well as wearable technologies for recording quantified vital data and physiological states. Conceptually, the provision of data collected with these tools can be understood as a commons - with all opportunities and risks associated with such goods. After describing examples of participatory sensing and wearable technologies, the authors identify potential challenges and outline technical and organizational approaches to solve them.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Technik in der Pflege}, series = {Evangelium und Wissenschaft}, volume = {39}, journal = {Evangelium und Wissenschaft}, number = {1}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Was vom Menschen {\"u}brig bleibt}, series = {Evangelium und Wissenschaft}, volume = {37}, journal = {Evangelium und Wissenschaft}, number = {2}, pages = {1 -- 12}, language = {de} } @incollection{AltenbuchnerWeber, author = {Altenbuchner, Amelie and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Geriatric trauma patients as research subjects in a technology-driven research project}, series = {Aging between Participation and Simulation}, booktitle = {Aging between Participation and Simulation}, editor = {Haltaufderheide, Joschka and Hovemann, Johanna and Vollmann, Jochen}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin u.a.}, isbn = {9783110677485}, doi = {10.1515/9783110677485-006}, pages = {87 -- 104}, abstract = {This article highlights methodological and ethical challenges in research with adults of older and oldest age, by presenting field experiences of the current research project "Motion Monitoring of Geriatric Trauma Patients - Explorative Study on the Rehabilitation Process after Hip Fracture Using Sensor-based Data". Depiction of the survey situation, with regard to the subjects in particular, can serve as practical examples for designing future research projects. The group of older adults is a rather large and growing group for which research is required, especially concerning their heterogeneity, their individual autonomy and quality of life. It is assumed, that research designs of studies on the target group must be specifically adjusted, in particular when considering the attribution of vulnerability of the group members. At the same time, it is not clear yet what exact specifics of the subjects and target group must be considered in research designs, as surprisingly little is known about the target group as subjects and corresponding theories have been insufficiently tested. The exploratory long-term design of the research project presented in the second section of this chapter has a positive evaluation of an ethics committee. Still ethical challenges occurred in the field situation, that are illustrated in the third section of this chapter, by providing information on the patients, their role as research subjects, how they were recruited, how an informed consensus was reached, and in some cases how participation was rejected or abandoned. After a summary, the end of the paper is marked by recommendations on how to design future research projects. Cumulatively it must always be expected that interaction between researchers and research subjects of this target group can become very intensive, what requires to follow clearly defined procedures and at the same time to be prepared to act flexibly.}, language = {en} } @incollection{WeberKleine, author = {Weber, Karsten and Kleine, Nadine}, title = {Cybersecurity in Health Care}, series = {The Ethics of Cybersecurity}, volume = {21}, booktitle = {The Ethics of Cybersecurity}, editor = {Christen, Markus and Gordijn, Bert and Loi, Michele}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-030-29053-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-29053-5_7}, pages = {139 -- 156}, abstract = {Ethical questions have always been crucial in health care; the rapid dissemination of ICT makes some of those questions even more pressing and also raises new ones. One of these new questions is cybersecurity in relation to ethics in health care. In order to more closely examine this issue, this chapter introduces Beauchamp and Childress' four principles of biomedical ethics as well as additional ethical values and technical aims of relevance for health care. Based on this, two case studies—implantable medical devices and electronic Health Card—are presented, which illustrate potential conflicts between ethical values and technical aims as well as between ethical values themselves. It becomes apparent that these conflicts cannot be eliminated in general but must be reconsidered on a case-by-case basis. An ethical debate on cybersecurity regarding the design and implementation of new (digital) technologies in health care is essential.}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Grenzen von Ethikcodizes}, series = {Kriterion - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Philosophie}, volume = {15}, journal = {Kriterion - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Philosophie}, pages = {3 -- 12}, abstract = {Technology penetrates into all areas of our everyday and individual life and changes it in a considerable speed. This applies particularly to developments of information and communication technology since this technology shows its effects not only at our workplaces but transforms and sometimes determines the social behavior of people. Unfortunately, development and use of technology certainly doesn't go hand into hand with the acceptance of responsibility for consequences of effects of developing and using technology. Instead, the opposite behavior is quite common. If this process of the rejection of responsibility shall be stopped, the sensibility of developers and users of technology for consequences of their own behavior have to be aroused and trengthened. In the following text at first I will describe some reasons to formulate ethical guidelines. After this, with the example of the ethical guidelines of the German Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e. V. (GI), I will discuss, whether such ethical guidelines are ethical in the strict sense of the word and whether they actually can be a contribution to accomplish the striven aim of assignment of responsibility for the results of developing and using technology.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Computersimulationen als Weltmodelle. Wissenschaftstheoretische Anmerkungen zur Nutzung von Modellen und Simulationen in den Geistes-, Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften}, series = {Semiotische Weltmodelle}, booktitle = {Semiotische Weltmodelle}, editor = {Schr{\"o}der, Hartmut and Bock, U.}, publisher = {LIT}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, pages = {635 -- 653}, language = {de} } @article{WeberHaug, author = {Weber, Karsten and Haug, Sonja}, title = {Deins? Meins? Unsers? Wie gehen Internetnutzer mit dem Eigentum anderer um?}, series = {ETHICA}, volume = {10}, journal = {ETHICA}, number = {1}, pages = {77 -- 83}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Brauchen wir eine Ethik der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie?}, series = {Ethica}, volume = {8}, journal = {Ethica}, number = {2}, pages = {115 -- 138}, language = {de} } @article{WeberHaug, author = {Weber, Karsten and Haug, Sonja}, title = {Konfrontation oder Kompromiss?}, series = {Ethica}, volume = {11}, journal = {Ethica}, number = {2}, pages = {163 -- 186}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Der Mythos von der globalen Wissensgesellschaft}, series = {Ethica}, volume = {9}, journal = {Ethica}, number = {2}, pages = {191 -- 197}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Die Sozionik und das Soziale}, series = {KI}, journal = {KI}, number = {4}, pages = {59 -- 60}, language = {de} } @incollection{WeberWackerbarth, author = {Weber, Karsten and Wackerbarth, Alena}, title = {Methoden der ethischen Evaluierung digitalisierter Dienstleistungen in der Pflege}, series = {Digitale Transformation von Dienstleistungen im Gesundheitswesen III}, booktitle = {Digitale Transformation von Dienstleistungen im Gesundheitswesen III}, editor = {Pfannstiel, Mario A. and Krammer, Sandra and Swoboda, Walter}, publisher = {Springer Gabler}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-13642-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-13642-0_5}, pages = {71 -- 86}, abstract = {Ambient-Assisted-Living- (AAL) bzw. altersgerechte Assistenzsysteme sollen in der Pflege alter und hochbetagter Menschen, aber auch anderer physisch oder psychisch gehandicapter Personen, eingesetzt werden. Damit dieser Einsatz nicht zu sozialen und normativen Konflikten f{\"u}hrt, muss die Technik so gestaltet werden, dass die in der Gesellschaft verankerten normativen Prinzipien ebenso wie die subjektiven Erwartungen der prospektiven Anwender adressiert werden. Diese Aufgabe geh{\"o}rt in den Bereich der Technikbewertung und partizipativen Technikgestaltung. Dazu geh{\"o}ren Methoden der ethischen Evaluierung der zu entwickelnden Technik, um Konfliktfelder identifizieren und m{\"o}gliche L{\"o}sungsvorschl{\"a}ge entwickeln zu k{\"o}nnen, die dann in die Gestaltung der Technik einfließen sollten. Nachdem kurz auf die Herkunft altersgerechter Systeme und auf allgemeine normative Fragen des Einsatzes solcher Systeme eingegangen wurde, werden im Folgenden vier Verfahren zur Technikbewertung und partizipativen Technikgestaltung pr{\"a}sentiert, Bez{\"u}ge zur Akzeptanzforschung hergestellt sowie kurz die Reichweite und die Grenzen ethischer Evaluierung behandelt.}, subject = {Altengerechte Technik}, language = {de} } @incollection{OhlyWeber, author = {Ohly, Heinz Peter and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Informationsquellen und Informationsaustausch}, series = {Handbuch der empirischen Sozialforschung}, booktitle = {Handbuch der empirischen Sozialforschung}, editor = {Blasius, J{\"o}rg and Baur, Nina}, edition = {2. {\"u}berarbeitete Auflage}, publisher = {VS Verlag}, address = {Wiesbaden}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-21308-4_6}, pages = {89 -- 114}, abstract = {Bereits im Planungsstadium eines Forschungsvorhabens ist es wichtig, dass man den aktuellen Forschungsstand des untersuchten Gebiets kennt. Zum einen sollten bereits gekl{\"a}rte Fragestellungen nicht erneut aufgegriffen werden, andererseits muss, gerade in den Sozialwissenschaften, das bereits Erforschte oft in anderen zeitlichen und r{\"a}umlichen Settings erneut abgesichert werden. Auch um Wissen zu produzieren, ben{\"o}tigt man selbst bereits Wissen, z.B. Theorien, Werkzeuge zur Auswertung von Daten und nat{\"u}rlich Informationen, Daten und Statistiken {\"u}ber soziale Ph{\"a}nomene.}, subject = {Empirische Sozialforschung}, language = {de} } @incollection{UlbrichtWeber, author = {Ulbricht, Max-R. and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Adieu Einwilligung?}, series = {Informationelle Selbstbestimmung im digitalen Wandel}, booktitle = {Informationelle Selbstbestimmung im digitalen Wandel}, editor = {Friedewald, Michael and Lamla, J{\"o}rn and Roßnagel, Alexander}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-17662-4}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-17662-4_16}, pages = {265 -- 286}, abstract = {Bei Nutzung neuer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien ergeben sich Herausforderungen bez{\"u}glich informationeller Selbstbestimmung, da etablierte Prinzipien neu bewertet werden m{\"u}ssen. Anhand eines konkreten Szenarios werden rechtliche und technische Problemfelder bei der Nutzung von Big Data-Technologien aufgezeigt, um ein Konzept zur technisch unterst{\"u}tzten Verwaltung von Einwilligungen und damit zur St{\"a}rkung der informationellen Selbstbestimmung im Big Data-Kontext herzuleiten.}, subject = {Big Data}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Realit{\"a}t, Virtualit{\"a}t, Hybridit{\"a}t: Philosophische Fragen alter und neuer Raumkonzepte}, series = {Philosophie und Bildung 2. - Philosophie als Lehrerin des kritischen Denkens}, booktitle = {Philosophie und Bildung 2. - Philosophie als Lehrerin des kritischen Denkens}, editor = {Alechnowicz, Iwona and Barcik, Dorota and Friesen, Hans}, publisher = {Karl Alber}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, isbn = {978-3-495-48827-0}, pages = {129 -- 136}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Freiheitskonzepte im phantastischen Film und in der phantastischen Literatur}, series = {Philosophie und Phantastik}, booktitle = {Philosophie und Phantastik}, editor = {Weber, Karsten and Friesen, Hans and Zoglauer, Thomas}, publisher = {Mentis}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, doi = {10.30965/9783957438041_006}, pages = {97 -- 118}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Anything goes? Ethisch sensible Problemfelder in der digital vernetzten Wirtschaft.}, series = {Internet{\"o}konomie und Ethik. Wirtschaftsethische und moral{\"o}konomische Perspektiven des Internets}, booktitle = {Internet{\"o}konomie und Ethik. Wirtschaftsethische und moral{\"o}konomische Perspektiven des Internets}, editor = {AufderHeide, M. and Dambrowski, M.}, publisher = {Duncker \& Humblo}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {12 -- 33}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Informationsgerechtigkeit}, series = {Handbuch f{\"u}r Medien- und Informationsethik}, booktitle = {Handbuch f{\"u}r Medien- und Informationsethik}, editor = {Heesen, Jessica}, publisher = {J.B.Metzler}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {978-3-476-05394-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-476-05394-7}, pages = {337 -- 343}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Moral und Suchmaschinen}, series = {Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen. Nutzerorientierung in Wissenschaft und Praxis}, booktitle = {Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen. Nutzerorientierung in Wissenschaft und Praxis}, editor = {Lewandowski, Dirk}, publisher = {Akademische Verlagsanstalt}, address = {Heidelberg}, pages = {301 -- 327}, language = {de} } @incollection{WeberDrueeke, author = {Weber, Karsten and Dr{\"u}eke, Ricarda}, title = {Suchmaschinen, Politik und Regulierung: Werkzeug, Objekt und Subjekt}, series = {Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen, Band III}, booktitle = {Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen, Band III}, editor = {Lewandowski, Dirk}, publisher = {Akademische Verlagsanstalt AKA}, address = {Heidelberg}, pages = {35 -- 52}, abstract = {Suchmaschinen spielen auch in politischen Prozessen eine wichtige Rolle, da mit ihnen die entsprechenden Datenbest{\"a}nde des Internet erschlossen werden und so eine Netz{\"o}ffentlichkeit (mit)erzeugt wird. Doch Suchmaschinen liefern kein objektives Bild politischer Debatten; wie in anderen Bereichen auch finden Verzerrungen und Auswahlprozesse statt. Nun ist diese Feststellung nicht neu, doch im folgenden Beitrag soll die Verschiebung von Funktionen und Aufgaben klassischer Massenmedien hin zum Internet und damit hin zum Wirkungsfeld von Suchmaschinen unter Regulierungsaspekten rekonstruiert werden. Anhand des Regulierungsmodells von Lawrence Lessig l{\"a}sst sich zeigen, dass ein Wechsel der Regulierungsmodalit{\"a}ten stattgefunden hat. Dabei bekommen Suchmaschinenbetreiber nicht so sehr als Unternehmen in einem Markt Regulierungshoheit, sondern vor allem als Gestalter von Technik in Form von Programmcode.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Wie es ist einem autonomen artifiziellen Agenten zu begegnen}, series = {Informatik'2013: Informatik angepasst an Menschen, Organisation und Umwelt.}, booktitle = {Informatik'2013: Informatik angepasst an Menschen, Organisation und Umwelt.}, editor = {Hornbach, M.}, publisher = {Lecture Notes on Informatics P-220}, abstract = {Ausgehend von Thomas Nagels Aufsatz „What is it like to be a bat?" und Alan Turings Aufsatz „Computing machinery and intelligence" wird argumentiert, das eine erfolgreiche Interaktion von Menschen und autonomen artifiziellen Agenten vor allem darauf beruht, welche Eigenschaften Menschen jenen Agenten zuschreiben und nicht so sehr, ob diese Agenten jene Eigenschaften wirklich besitzen. Diese Annahme best{\"a}tigen sowohl Masahiro Moris Idee des "uncanny valley" ebenso wie zahlreiche empirische Studien. Zum Schluss werden einige der moralischen Konsequenzen des hier Gesagten skizziert.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Die Aufgabe eines negativen Rechts als Reaktion auf sozialen und technischen Wandel}, series = {Inversion: {\"O}ffentlichkeit und Privatsph{\"a}re im Umbruch}, booktitle = {Inversion: {\"O}ffentlichkeit und Privatsph{\"a}re im Umbruch}, editor = {Kurbacher, Frake A. and Igiel, Agnieszka and von Boehm, Felix}, publisher = {K{\"o}nigshausen \& Neumann}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {131 -- 140}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {New Mobile Devices and Surveillance: Questions Concerning Epistemology and Some New Challenges for Privacy and Data Protection}, series = {Postmodern Quests in Applied Philosophy}, booktitle = {Postmodern Quests in Applied Philosophy}, editor = {Kolb, David and Salman, Ahmed Shaikh and Druzin, Bryan}, publisher = {Editura Lumen}, address = {Iasi}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Informationsnachhaltigkeit. Vom schwierigen Umgang mit Informationsg{\"u}tern}, series = {Wissen - Wissenschaft - Organisation. Proceedings der 12. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Wissensorganisation ; Bonn, 19. bis 21. Oktober 2009}, booktitle = {Wissen - Wissenschaft - Organisation. Proceedings der 12. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Wissensorganisation ; Bonn, 19. bis 21. Oktober 2009}, editor = {Ohly, Heinz Peter}, publisher = {Ergon}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {19 -- 31}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Globale Wissensallmende und Informationsnachhaltigkeit}, series = {Globale {\"o}ffentliche G{\"u}ter in interdisziplin{\"a}ren Kontexten}, booktitle = {Globale {\"o}ffentliche G{\"u}ter in interdisziplin{\"a}ren Kontexten}, editor = {Maring, Matthias}, publisher = {KIT Scientific Publishing}, address = {Karlsruhe}, pages = {139 -- 160}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Wider die Medienethik als Professionsethik: Der Versuch einer Verankerung in der politischen Philosophie}, series = {Bereichsethiken im interdisziplin{\"a}ren Dialog}, booktitle = {Bereichsethiken im interdisziplin{\"a}ren Dialog}, editor = {Maring, Matthias}, publisher = {KIT Scientific Publishing}, address = {Karslruhe}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Internet}, series = {Handbuch Technikethik}, booktitle = {Handbuch Technikethik}, editor = {Grunwald, Armin}, publisher = {Metzler}, address = {Stuttgart}, pages = {298 -- 303}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WeberDrueeke, author = {Weber, Karsten and Dr{\"u}eke, Ricarda}, title = {Privacy, personal data protection, and the need to differentiate}, series = {Ethics of New Information Technology. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Computer Ethics: Philosophical Enquiries (CEPE2005)}, booktitle = {Ethics of New Information Technology. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Computer Ethics: Philosophical Enquiries (CEPE2005)}, editor = {Brey, Philip and Grodzinsky, F. and Introna, L.}, pages = {13}, abstract = {The coming years will be characterized by the development of mobile ICT that will enable con - sumers to use information and communication services everywhere and anytime. Technologies like GPRS, WLAN, or UMTS can be used stand-alone or in combination with other technologies like RFID or GPS to provide, for instance, location-aware services. Mobile ICT is to be expected to evolve to that what often is called Ambient Intelligence, Ubiquitous or Pervasive Computing. It is likely that such new technologies will affect personnel privacy because providing mobile ICT services inherits the identification and often the exact localization of users. In the following text we shall analyze possible threats of privacy. We will distinguish different dimensions or aspects of privacy to show how new technologies can affect them. After that, we shall argue that it is necessary to make a distinction of privacy and data protection: privacy primarily is a matter of social norms and data protection the realm of technical measurements. Additionally, we will provide some empirical evidence that users of the Internet make that distinction. Finally, we will claim that the right to privacy and privacy itself only can be protected if there are widely accepted social norms regarding privacy.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Science Wars - Remarks from a Critical Rationalist's Point of View}, series = {Karl Popper: A Centenary Assessment. Volume II: Metaphysics and epistemology}, booktitle = {Karl Popper: A Centenary Assessment. Volume II: Metaphysics and epistemology}, editor = {Jarvie, Ian C. and Milford, Karl and Miller, David}, publisher = {Ashgate}, address = {Aldershot et al.}, pages = {95 -- 108}, abstract = {In this text I would like to make some remarks on the so called 'Science Wars' from a Critical Rationalist's point of view. First I will describe the beginning of this war, which was given public awareness by Alan Sokal in 1996 publishing his text Transgressing the Boundaries. Toward a transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity in the postmodernist journal Social Text. In 1997 Alan Sokal, together with Jean Bricmont, again attacked postmodernist and poststructuralist scholars with the book Impostures Intellectuelles. I will describe the aims of their book and in addition portray briefly the postmodernist relativistic epistemology. Since Sokal and Bricmont identify Critical Rationalism as a source of that relativism, I then will show possible reasons for this reproach. I will reject their critique, since it is based on false estimations about Critical Rationalism but I also will show that there are some good reasons to criticize Critical Rationalism. As a kind of conclusion I will argue that in the future it is necessary that Critical Rationalists will dispute more offensively against postmodernist thinking to prevent a deepening of the gap between the humanities and science and because science is an important means to the improvement of our society.}, language = {en} } @incollection{WeberHaug, author = {Weber, Karsten and Haug, Sonja}, title = {Demographische Entwicklung, Rationierung und (intergenerationelle) Gerechtigkeit - ein Problemb{\"u}ndel der Gesundheitsversorgung}, series = {Medizinethik Bd. 5}, booktitle = {Medizinethik Bd. 5}, editor = {Joerden, Jan C. and Neumann, J.N.}, publisher = {Peter Lang}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, pages = {70}, language = {de} } @incollection{WeberDrueekeSchulz, author = {Weber, Karsten and Dr{\"u}eke, Ricarda and Schulz, Axel}, title = {Mobiler Wissenszugang: Digital Rights Management vs. Privacy}, series = {Wissensorganisation und Verantwortung. Gesellschaftliche, {\"o}konomische und technische Aspekte}, booktitle = {Wissensorganisation und Verantwortung. Gesellschaftliche, {\"o}konomische und technische Aspekte}, editor = {Ohly, Heinz Peter and Sieglerschmidt, J. and Swertz, C.}, publisher = {Ergon}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {180 -- 193}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Die ethischen Leitlinien der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V. werden {\"u}berarbeitet - Ein Arbeitsbericht}, series = {Ethica}, volume = {11}, journal = {Ethica}, number = {1}, pages = {6 Seiten}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Computersimulationen im Entdeckungszusammenhang}, series = {Kreativit{\"a}t. Proceedings des XX. Deutschen Kongresses f{\"u}r Philosophie}, booktitle = {Kreativit{\"a}t. Proceedings des XX. Deutschen Kongresses f{\"u}r Philosophie}, editor = {Abel, G.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag der TU Berlin}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {8}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Wer bestimmt {\"u}ber den Tod? Interventionsrechtete von Familienangeh{\"o}rigen und anderen Personen}, series = {Familie versus Patientenautonomie? Zur Rolle der Familie bei Behandlungsentscheidungen ; Tagungsband der Taunus Winter School}, booktitle = {Familie versus Patientenautonomie? Zur Rolle der Familie bei Behandlungsentscheidungen ; Tagungsband der Taunus Winter School}, editor = {Roth{\"a}rmel, Sonja and Schmidt, K.W. and Wolfslast, G.}, publisher = {Haag + Herchen}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {978-3-89846-436-9}, language = {de} } @article{LoiChristenKleineetal., author = {Loi, Michele and Christen, Markus and Kleine, Nadine and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Cybersecurity in health}, series = {Journal of Information, Communication \& Ethics in Society}, volume = {17}, journal = {Journal of Information, Communication \& Ethics in Society}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1108/JICES-12-2018-0095}, pages = {229 -- 245}, abstract = {Purpose Cybersecurity in healthcare has become an urgent matter in recent years due to various malicious attacks on hospitals and other parts of the healthcare infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to provide an outline of how core values of the health systems, such as the principles of biomedical ethics, are in a supportive or conflicting relation to cybersecurity. Design/methodology/approach This paper claims that it is possible to map the desiderata relevant to cybersecurity onto the four principles of medical ethics, i.e. beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice, and explore value conflicts in that way. Findings With respect to the question of how these principles should be balanced, there are reasons to think that the priority of autonomy relative to beneficence and non-maleficence in contemporary medical ethics could be extended to value conflicts in health-related cybersecurity. Research limitations/implications However, the tension between autonomy and justice, which relates to the desideratum of usability of information and communication technology systems, cannot be ignored even if one assumes that respect for autonomy should take priority over other moral concerns. Originality/value In terms of value conflicts, most discussions in healthcare deal with the conflict of balancing efficiency and privacy given the sensible nature of health information. In this paper, the authors provide a broader and more detailed outline.}, language = {en} } @article{AltenbuchnerHaugMohretal., author = {Altenbuchner, Amelie and Haug, Sonja and Mohr, Christa and Scorna, Ulrike and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Methodenbericht einer Mixed-Method Evaluation von Multiprofessionalit{\"a}t in der Behandlung von Multipler Sklerose (MS)}, series = {Pflegewissenschaft - Journal f{\"u}r Pflegewissenschaft und Pflegepraxis}, volume = {20}, journal = {Pflegewissenschaft - Journal f{\"u}r Pflegewissenschaft und Pflegepraxis}, number = {11-12}, issn = {1422-8629}, pages = {523 -- 524}, abstract = {Therapieabbruch oder -unterbrechung erh{\"o}hen das Risiko von Krankheitssch{\"u}ben in der MS-Behandlung (Ennis et al., 2008). Der Abbruchanteil f{\"u}r die immunmodulatorische Basistherapie mit COPAXONE® betrug 2008 in den ersten drei Monaten bis zu 30 \% (COPAKTIV Schwestern-Service, 2008), worauf das Aktiv-mit-MS-Patientenbetreuungsprogramm, eine begleitende pflegerische Fachberatung und ein Servicetelefon, installiert wurde. Die Auswirkungen der Zusammenarbeit innerhalb des Teams und mit {\"A}rzt/innen sowie die peer-to-peer Beratung in einem Online-Forum auf Therapietreue und Krankheitsbew{\"a}ltigung der Patient/innen wurde im L{\"a}ngsschnitt untersucht. Ein Methoden-Mix wurde erfolgreich zur Evaluation der pflegerischen Multiprofessionalit{\"a}t eingesetzt. Es zeigte sich, dass die Angebote im Betreuungsprogramm zu einer Verminderung der Abbruchquote f{\"u}hrten und die Patient/innen eine gute Therapietreue einhalten.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Computers as omnipotent instruments of power}, series = {The ORBIT Journal - An Online Journal for Responsible Research and Innovation in ICT}, volume = {2}, journal = {The ORBIT Journal - An Online Journal for Responsible Research and Innovation in ICT}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.29297/orbit.v2i1.97}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {With examples concerning the development and dissemination of computer technology in the Soviet Union, the U.S., and other Western countries it shall be demonstrated that computer development on the one hand and social change as well as changes in policy making and administration on the other hand are mingled with each other without a clear direction of causation being discernible.It also shall be shown that perceived social and political threats imposed by early computer technology sometimes actually helped to stop or at least slow down social change. One conclusion that can be drawn from the case studies described for RRI is that the conscious steering of innovations fails because of diffuse and uncoordinated resistance from very different stakeholders. The case studies also suggest that the effectiveness of RRI might be rather limited.}, language = {en} } @article{WeberHaug, author = {Weber, Karsten and Haug, Sonja}, title = {Ist automatisiertes Fahren nachhaltig?}, series = {TATuP - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung in Theorie und Praxis}, volume = {27}, journal = {TATuP - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung in Theorie und Praxis}, number = {2}, publisher = {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)}, doi = {10.14512/tatup.27.2.16}, pages = {16 -- 22}, abstract = {Automatisiertes Fahren st{\"o}ßt derzeit noch auf große Skepsis. Eine disruptive Strategie bei der Einf{\"u}hrung (voll-)automatisierten Fahrens k{\"o}nnte daher auf fehlende Akzeptanz treffen. Um dem zu entgehen, laufen evolution{\"a}re Strategien darauf hinaus, durch die Entwicklung adaptiver Fahrassistenzsysteme Vertrautheit, Vertrauen und damit Akzeptanz bei den prospektiven NutzerInnen zu schaffen. Erste Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie lassen jedoch Zweifel an der Nachhaltigkeit dieser Strategie aufkommen.}, language = {de} } @article{WeberPallasUlbricht, author = {Weber, Karsten and Pallas, Frank and Ulbricht, Max-R.}, title = {Challenges of Citizen Science: Commons, Incentives, Organizations, and Regulations}, series = {American Journal of Bioethics}, volume = {19}, journal = {American Journal of Bioethics}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1080/15265161.2019.1619862}, pages = {52 -- 54}, language = {en} } @article{WeberLoiChristenetal., author = {Weber, Karsten and Loi, Michele and Christen, Markus and Kleine, Nadine}, title = {Digital Medicine, Cybersecurity, and Ethics}, series = {American Journal of Bioethics}, volume = {18}, journal = {American Journal of Bioethics}, number = {9}, publisher = {Taylor\&Francis}, doi = {10.1080/15265161.2018.1498935}, pages = {52 -- 53}, language = {en} } @article{GeorgeSchanzeSibeliusetal., author = {George, Wolfgang Michael and Schanze, Thomas and Sibelius, Ulf and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Sterben im Krankenhaus}, series = {Das Krankenhaus}, volume = {110}, journal = {Das Krankenhaus}, number = {12}, pages = {1166 -- 1169}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {New Methods in Human Subjects Research: Do We Need a New Ethics?}, series = {Building on Progress: Expanding the Research Infrastructure for the Social, Economic, and Behavioral Sciences, Band 2}, booktitle = {Building on Progress: Expanding the Research Infrastructure for the Social, Economic, and Behavioral Sciences, Band 2}, editor = {Rat f{\"u}r Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten,}, publisher = {Budrich UniPress}, address = {Opladen}, pages = {657 -- 672}, abstract = {Online surveys and interviews, the observations of chat rooms or online games, data mining, knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), collecting biomarkers, employing biometrics, using RFID technology - even as implants in the human body - and other related processes all seem to be more promising, cheaper, faster, and comprehensive than conventional methods of human subjects research. But at the same time these new means of gathering information may pose powerful threats to privacy, autonomy, and informed consent. Online research, particularly involving children and minors but also other vulnerable groups such as ethnic or religious minorities, is in urgent need of an adequate research ethics that can provide reasonable and morally justified constraints for human subjects research. The paper at hand seeks to provide some clarification of these new means of information gathering and the challenges they present to moral concepts like privacy, autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, and justice. Some existing codes of conduct and ethical guidelines are examined to determine whether they provide answers to those challenges and/or whether they can be helpful in the development of principles and regulations governing human subjects research. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations are presented that can help in the task of formulating an adequate research ethics for human subjects research.}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Bilder l{\"u}gen nicht}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kommunikations{\"o}kologie und Medienethik}, volume = {1}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kommunikations{\"o}kologie und Medienethik}, number = {8}, issn = {1861-2687}, pages = {45 -- 48}, abstract = {Current productions of motion pictures often include computer generated images which shortly are called CGI. In the cinema, spectators of such motion pictures are aware of the fact that they consume a kind a fantasy. Of course, even those fantasies can have the effect that spectators believe in the story and are immersed into the imagined world. However, when spectators leave the cinema almost all adult individuals with normal cognitive capacities know that they have consumed a fantasy. But there is a context of application of such CGIs that makes it quite difficult to draw the line between reality and imagination. If CGIs are used in media formats like documentations of past events, in scientific oriented programs, or in films which shall be used in school, computer generated images can have quite disturbing effects. For example, in 1999 the BBC featured a famous TV series on dinosaurs and massively used CGIs to visualize those creatures. However, a lot of the characteristics of dinosaurs which are presented as facts in the series are merely bold conjectures. Did dinosaurs make sounds, how did they behave: These are questions which cannot be answered with the tools of archaeology and by interpreting the remains of dinosaurs. Therefore, the CGIs in the series provide a view on reality which might be merely a sophisticated imagination. While experts in the field may recognize that, lay people, for instance children, do not have the cog-nitive capacities to see this problem. Therefore, they are likely to believe that dinosaurs were exactly the way they are shown in those series. This is not only an epistemological problem but a moral one. From (media) ethics point of view, it is necessary to make clear what is backed up by scientific evidence and what is merely a conjecture that can be visualized by computers. Particularly in news, scientific programs and the like the distinction of reality and imagination must be emphasized.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Search Engine Bias}, series = {Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen, Band II}, booktitle = {Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen, Band II}, editor = {Lewandowski, Dirk}, publisher = {Akademische Verlagsanstalt}, address = {Heidelberg}, abstract = {Der Name ‚Google' wird heute synonym f{\"u}r ‚Suchmaschine' genutzt; das Verb ‚googeln' hat es zu einem Eintrag im Duden gebracht: Google ist allgegenw{\"a}rtig. Dies best{\"a}tigen Statistiken, die aufweisen, dass Google in vielen L{\"a}ndern andere Suchmaschinen v{\"o}llig marginalisiert hat. Außerdem zeigen Untersuchungen, dass sich viele Nutzerinnen und Nutzer auf die Ergebnisse einer einzigen Suchmaschine - oft eben Google - verlassen. Daher stellt sich die Frage, ob die tats{\"a}chliche Qualit{\"a}t der Suchergebnisse das Vertrauen in die angenommene Qualit{\"a}t einer Suchmaschine rechtfertigen kann. Nach einleitenden Bemerkungen zum Suchmaschinenmarkt und einer kurzen Beschreibung der generellen Funktionsweise heute verbreiteter Suchmaschinen wird evaluiert, welche Faktoren die Ergebnisse einer Suchmaschine determinieren. Dabei wird sich zeigen, dass Suchergebnisse durch vielf{\"a}ltige Faktoren beeinflusst werden, so bspw. durch das Nutzerverhalten auf verschiedenen Ebenen, durch die verwendeten Indexierungs- und Suchalgorithmen oder durch die Inhalte des Netzes selbst. Diese und weitere Faktoren f{\"u}hren zu Verzerrungen der Suchergebnisse gegen{\"u}ber einem unterstellten Idealergebnis. Es zeigt sich, dass es in vielen Situationen sinnvoll ist, sich nicht nur auf eine Suchmaschine zu verlassen bzw. den Ergebnissen einer Suchmaschine nicht blind zu vertrauen. So ist im wissenschaftlichen oder journalistischen Kontext dringend die Nutzung von bereichsspezifischen Suchmaschinen und anderer Rechercheformen angeraten.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Simulationen in den Sozialwissenschaften}, series = {Journal for General Philosophy of Science}, volume = {38}, journal = {Journal for General Philosophy of Science}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1007/s10838-006-9011-8}, pages = {111 -- 126}, abstract = {Computer simulation—hereafter just called 'simulation'— more and more is getting an important tool in scientific research and development. Simulations provide powerful means for quite different scientific disciplines, for instance for cosmology as well as for economics, and it seems that they can help to extend the borderline of science. However, from a methodological point of view, besides their benefits one can identify several theoretical problems which can occur in the process of scientific research. Some of these problems shall be discussed and consequences of these problems for the use of simulations shall be outlined.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Suchmaschinen und die Repr{\"a}sentation von Kultur: Zwischen Markt und Gerechtigkeit}, series = {Kulturelle Diversit{\"a}t und Neue Medien}, booktitle = {Kulturelle Diversit{\"a}t und Neue Medien}, publisher = {Trafo}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {33 -- 52}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {The Next Step: Privacy Invasions by Biometrics and ICT Implants}, series = {Ubiquity. An ACM IT Magazine and Forum}, volume = {7}, journal = {Ubiquity. An ACM IT Magazine and Forum}, number = {45}, doi = {10.1145/1195937.1187567}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Editorial: Konflikte der Zukunft - Antworten der Ethik}, series = {Ethcia}, volume = {14}, journal = {Ethcia}, number = {1}, pages = {1 -- 3}, language = {de} }