@inproceedings{RaabRacekKraemeretal., author = {Raab, Peter and Racek, Stanislav and Kr{\"a}mer, Stefan and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Reliability of Task Execution during Safe Software Processing}, series = {15th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, Cesme, Turkey}, booktitle = {15th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, Cesme, Turkey}, doi = {10.1109/DSD.2012.110}, pages = {84 -- 89}, abstract = {This paper presents the reliability evaluation of task execution during safe software processing. The standard method of duplication in a safety-critical application can also be applied for tasks in a software system. But in addition to this, there is also the possibility for coded task processing to increase the reliability and availability of software. The presented analysis covers the reliability analysis of a single, a duplicated and a coded task by the technique of continuous time Markov processes. Markov processes are often used for the reliability evaluation of safety-critical systems. We introduce a method to describe the execution time of tasks by means of enhanced Markov models and their solution by numerical methods.}, language = {en} } @article{OstermeierMottokKnorretal., author = {Ostermeier, Daniel and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Knorr, Christine and Huber, Michael}, title = {Competence Atlas for Save and Green Road Vehicles in the Electro Mobility Cluster Regensburg}, series = {Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012) 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, journal = {Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012) 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, editor = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Ziemann, Olaf}, pages = {86 -- 92}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Mottok, author = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Migration path for secure and economic smart power grid devices with transitional smart metering support}, series = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, booktitle = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, pages = {64 -- 70}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Mottok, author = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Porting the microsoft .net micro framework onto an embedded operating system}, series = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012) 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, booktitle = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012) 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, pages = {26 -- 30}, language = {en} } @article{Mottok, author = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Embedded functional safety, funktional safety in der praxis}, series = {Bayern Innovativ}, journal = {Bayern Innovativ}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Mottok, author = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Embedded trends}, series = {Technologietag 2012, am 28. M{\"a}rz, M{\"u}nchen}, booktitle = {Technologietag 2012, am 28. M{\"a}rz, M{\"u}nchen}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LandesSedelmaierPfeifferetal., author = {Landes, Dieter and Sedelmaier, Yvonne and Pfeiffer, Volkhard and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Hagel, Georg}, title = {Learning and teaching software process models}, series = {Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 17-20 April 2012, Marrakech, Morocco}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 17-20 April 2012, Marrakech, Morocco}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2012.6201191}, abstract = {Software process models are fairly abstract tools for organizing large, complex software development projects. Since particularly undergraduate students commonly do not have any experience in being part of such a project, their understanding of the benefits and shortcomings of particular process models is very limited. Even more, frequently they are not aware of the need to follow a particular process model since their previous one-person software assignments were too small for requiring any such model at all.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AbkeBruneHauptetal., author = {Abke, J{\"o}rg and Brune, Philipp and Haupt, Wolfram and Hagel, Georg and Landes, Dieter and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Niemetz, Michael and Pfeiffer, Volkhard and Studt, Reimer and Schroll-Decker, Irmgard and Sedelmaier, Yvonne}, title = {Evelin - ein Forschungsprojekt zur systematischen Verbesserung des Lernens von Software Engineering}, series = {Tagungsband 5th Embedded Software Engineering Kongress, 3. bis 7. Dezember 2012, Sindelfingen}, booktitle = {Tagungsband 5th Embedded Software Engineering Kongress, 3. bis 7. Dezember 2012, Sindelfingen}, isbn = {978-3-8343-2407-8}, pages = {653 -- 658}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchmidhuberDeubzerMottok, author = {Schmidhuber, Stefan and Deubzer, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Genetic optimization of real-time multicore systems with respect to communication-based metrics}, series = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012) 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, booktitle = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012) 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, editor = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Ziemann, Olaf}, publisher = {Shaker}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {978-3-8440-1093-0}, pages = {21 -- 25}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JosephSchummSchrollDeckeretal., author = {Joseph, Saskia and Schumm, Michael and Schroll-Decker, Irmgard and Niemetz, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Anmerkungen zur Kompetenz-Performanz-Relation: Software Engineering im Spannungsfeld der beruflichen Anforderungen}, series = {Tagungsband 5th Embedded Software Engineering Kongress, 3. bis 7. Dezember 2012, Sindelfingen}, booktitle = {Tagungsband 5th Embedded Software Engineering Kongress, 3. bis 7. Dezember 2012, Sindelfingen}, language = {de} } @book{GebhardRiegerMottoketal., author = {Gebhard, Vera and Rieger, Gerhard M. and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Gießelbach, Christian}, title = {Funktionale Sicherheit nach ISO 26262}, publisher = {dpunkt.verlag}, address = {Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-89864-788-5}, subject = {Funktionssicherheit}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FelisMottokBaueretal., author = {Felis, Simeon and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Bauer, B. and Kohlert, Dieter and Jantz, D. and Laumer, M.}, title = {FBI3 - Fehlereinspeisung auf Hardware-Ebene}, series = {3. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik, Tagungsband, 13. und 14. M{\"a}rz 2012, Hochschule Landshut}, booktitle = {3. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik, Tagungsband, 13. und 14. M{\"a}rz 2012, Hochschule Landshut}, pages = {119 -- 127}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{AlfransederMottok, author = {Alfranseder, Martin and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Benchmarking parallelisierbarer Algorithmen auf cuda Architekturen}, series = {Tagungsband 5th Embedded Software Engineering Kongress, 3. bis 7. Dezember 2012, Sindelfingen}, booktitle = {Tagungsband 5th Embedded Software Engineering Kongress, 3. bis 7. Dezember 2012, Sindelfingen}, publisher = {Vogel Business Media}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Mottok, author = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Dependable multicore scheduling}, series = {Continental Software Conference}, booktitle = {Continental Software Conference}, language = {en} } @article{RaabKraemerMottok, author = {Raab, Peter and Kr{\"a}mer, Stefan and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Reliability of data processing and fault compensation in unreliable arithmetic processors, Microprocessors and Microsystems}, series = {Microprocessors and Microsystems}, volume = {40}, journal = {Microprocessors and Microsystems}, number = {Februar}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.micpro.2015.07.014}, pages = {102 -- 112}, abstract = {In logical circuits, like arithmetic operations in a processor system, arbitrary faults become a more tremendous aspect in future. Modern manufacturing processes lead to less reliability and higher vulnerability of software execution to soft-errors. The correctness of certain results is important especially for safety-critical applications whose reliability depends on the fault-free execution of each single instruction and the dependencies between them. The more complex a software is the more unreliable the outcome is. But, there is a contrary effect. If the probability for multiple faults increases, there is also the chance that two faults compensate each other and the result is correct again. This paper presents the basic ideas for such a reliability evaluation of a software's data flow with arbitrary soft-errors and the effect of fault compensation. Further, this evaluation provides a possibility to compare different implementations of a data flow with respect to the reliability. This is shown by the comparison of two different error codes as alternatives for coded data processing.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SoskaSchrollDeckerMottok, author = {Soska, Alexander and Schroll-Decker, Irmgard and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Implementation of Practical Exercises in Software Engineering Education to Improve the Acquirement of Functional and Non-Functional Competences}, series = {2014 International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL), 3-6 Dec. 2014, Dubai, UAE}, booktitle = {2014 International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL), 3-6 Dec. 2014, Dubai, UAE}, doi = {10.1109/ICL.2014.7017795}, abstract = {Software Engineering is a very volatile profession that requires a variety of theoretical as well as practical skills. In addition to expertise technical knowledge, graduates have to have a variety of social, methodical and personal competences. The acquirement of these non-functional competences are getting more and more important for a successful software engineer. To fulfill these requirements, it is necessarily important to prepare future professionals already during their college course of education. This paper presents exercises for a software engineering lecture with the goal to strengthen the students' practical experiences and to support the development of their non-functional competences. The developed exercises impart technical knowledge and encourage the students to improve their self-organized and lifelong learning. Thereby they are facing practical issues in all steps of the software engineering process while working on an inter semester project.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KraemerMottokRacek, author = {Kr{\"a}mer, Stefan and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Racek, Stanislav}, title = {Proportionate fair based multicore scheduling for fault tolerant multicore real-time systems}, series = {International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies (ICEIT), 25-27 March 2015, Marakesch, Morocco}, booktitle = {International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies (ICEIT), 25-27 March 2015, Marakesch, Morocco}, doi = {10.1109/EITech.2015.7162952}, pages = {88 -- 93}, abstract = {In this paper we present a scheduling approach for safety critical, fault tolerant, multicore real-time embedded systems. For this kind of systems, not only the correctness of a computed result but also the strict adherence to timing requirements of computation is essential to avoid any kind of damage. To react to unpredictable, arbitrary hardware faults suitable error detection mechanisms have to be applied. The caused error itself and the detection and correction have great impact on the system's timing behavior. To still keep the real-time requirements, the used scheduling algorithm has to ensure maximum flexibility to disturbances of the timing. The group of Proportionate Fair (Pfairness) multicore scheduling algorithms has been proven to create an optimal schedule in polynomial time. The contribution of this paper is a Pfair-based algorithm that uses tight coupling between the error detection mechanisms and the scheduler of the real-time operating system to establish a loop-back connection.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NickSchorerMottok, author = {Nick, Matthias and Schorer, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Feasibility Study of a Build System Performing Automated Builds Based on Model-Based Build Descriptions}, series = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, booktitle = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, editor = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Ziemann, Olaf}, publisher = {Shaker}, address = {Aachen}, pages = {71 -- 75}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SteindlMottok, author = {Steindl, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Deriving an integration order in a component-based embedded system using simulated annealing}, series = {Proceedings of the 13. Mitteldeutschen Nachwuchswissenschaftlerkonferenz (NWK13), April 2012, Goerlitz, Germany}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13. Mitteldeutschen Nachwuchswissenschaftlerkonferenz (NWK13), April 2012, Goerlitz, Germany}, isbn = {978-3-86870-436-5}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SteindlMottok, author = {Steindl, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Considering Schedule Requirements of Software Integration in Component based Embedded System}, series = {International Conference on Applied Electronics, 2012, Pilsen, Czech Republic}, booktitle = {International Conference on Applied Electronics, 2012, Pilsen, Czech Republic}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Mottok, author = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Verbundprojekt EVELIN}, series = {HDS.Forum Lernkulturen}, booktitle = {HDS.Forum Lernkulturen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Mottok, author = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Entdeckendes Lernen}, series = {HDS.Forum Lernkulturen}, booktitle = {HDS.Forum Lernkulturen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnorlSoskaSchrollDeckeretal., author = {Knorl, Susanne and Soska, Alexander and Schroll-Decker, Irmgard and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Reconstructing students' subjective theories on self-directed learning a qualitative research approach in Software Engineering education}, series = {2015 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 18-20 March 2015, Tallinn, Estonia}, booktitle = {2015 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 18-20 March 2015, Tallinn, Estonia}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2015.7095990}, pages = {314 -- 317}, abstract = {Considering the claim of furthering self-directed learning in higher education in general and in Software Engineering education in particular, this paper deals with a new approach on understanding and facilitating self-directed learning. This approach involves the concept of subjective theories, which are expected to influence students' self-directed learning. Therefore this paper presents the intended qualitative research design for reconstructing these subjective theories and for developing ways of integrating them in didactical situations in higher education and especially in Software Engineering education.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SoskaMottokWolff, author = {Soska, Alexander and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Wolff, Christian}, title = {Playful learning in academic software engineering education}, series = {2015 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 18-20 March 2015, Tallinn, Estonia}, booktitle = {2015 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 18-20 March 2015, Tallinn, Estonia}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2015.7095992}, pages = {324 -- 332}, abstract = {Within this thesis, we present our suggestions why playful learning in software engineering education is useful to mediate generic competences in academic teaching. Therefor we identified competences which are addressed by playful learning and mapped them to demanded generic competences in software engineering. Due to the well compliance, we analyzed current implementations of playful learning and their design regarding the mediation of required soft skills. Based on the lack of effective implementation, we close our paper with an exemplary design for playful learning.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StudtWinterfeldtMottok, author = {Studt, Reimer and Winterfeldt, G{\"o}tz and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Measuring software engineering competencies}, series = {2015 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 18-20 March 2015, Tallinn, Estonia}, booktitle = {2015 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 18-20 March 2015, Tallinn, Estonia}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2015.7096081}, abstract = {Measuring competencies may serve as a feedback mechanism as well as a judgment device for a lecturer. As measuring every competency from a catalogue of competencies is not very viable, the to-be-measured competencies are grouped in competency profiles. Further, assessment practices are shown and applied to a course in a study program. A discussion of useful practices concludes this contribution.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BeslmeislKrekelerSchrollDeckeretal., author = {Beslmeisl, Magdalena and Krekeler, T. and Schroll-Decker, Irmgard and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Der begleitende Einsatz des Online Lerntagebuchs (OLTB) im Software Engineering; als Instrument zur individuellen Lernstandortbestimmung}, series = {2. HD MINT Symposium, 2015, N{\"u}rnberg}, booktitle = {2. HD MINT Symposium, 2015, N{\"u}rnberg}, pages = {148 -- 154}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{YeTaoGuozhuLiuMottoketal., author = {Ye Tao, and Guozhu Liu, and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Hackenberg, Rudolf and Hagel, Georg}, title = {Just-in-Time-Teaching experience in a Software Design Pattern course}, series = {2015 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 18-20 March 2015, Tallinn, Estonia}, booktitle = {2015 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 18-20 March 2015, Tallinn, Estonia}, pages = {915 -- 919}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MartinSailerDeubzeretal., author = {Martin, Felix and Sailer, Andreas and Deubzer, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Automatische Multicore-Echtzeitvalidierung - Ein Prozess f{\"u}r modellbasierte Softwareentwicklung}, series = {Tagungsband 8th Embedded Software Engineering Kongress (ESE), 30.11. - 04.12.2015, Sindelfingen}, booktitle = {Tagungsband 8th Embedded Software Engineering Kongress (ESE), 30.11. - 04.12.2015, Sindelfingen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BeslmeislSchrollDeckerMottok, author = {Beslmeisl, Magdalena and Schroll-Decker, Irmgard and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Turning to adaption through exploration in the education of Software Engineering}, series = {Proceedings of the Exploring Teaching for Active Learning in Engineering Education (ETALEE), 11 - 12 November 2015, Copenhagen}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Exploring Teaching for Active Learning in Engineering Education (ETALEE), 11 - 12 November 2015, Copenhagen}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MartinSailerDeubzeretal., author = {Martin, Felix and Sailer, Andreas and Deubzer, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Automation of a Closed Loop Model-Based Development Process}, series = {Applied Research Conference 2015 (ARC 2015), 3rd July 2015, N{\"u}rnberg}, booktitle = {Applied Research Conference 2015 (ARC 2015), 3rd July 2015, N{\"u}rnberg}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BeslmeislSchrollDeckerMottok, author = {Beslmeisl, Magdalena and Schroll-Decker, Irmgard and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Application of a Reflective Learning Approach in Software Engineering. Circularity as a relevant characteristic of a reflective teaching and learning approach}, series = {European Conference of Software Engineering Education (ECSEE2016), 30 June and 1 July 2016 in Seeon Monastery, Germany}, booktitle = {European Conference of Software Engineering Education (ECSEE2016), 30 June and 1 July 2016 in Seeon Monastery, Germany}, publisher = {Shaker}, address = {Aachen}, pages = {19 -- 33}, abstract = {The pedagogic motivation of this contribution is to develop, to adapt and to examine a specific tertiary teaching-learning situation and its changes due to a constant reflection. Within the scope of the BMBF fostered project " EVELIN " the learning teaching-Arrangement (TLA) " The Online Learning Journal (OLJ) - a tool complementing the software engineering lecture " is realized a second time at the OTH Regensburg. This further development is examined from a pedagogic perspective. This paper deals with issues concerning the conscious modification of specific teaching actions, therefore the changes of the teachers' attitude as well as the reaction of the students regarding this teaching actions. Two important findings are: (1) The teaching staff is able to adapt their teaching-actions on given conditions because of the awareness of their own teaching-attitude. (2) Due to a reflective teaching practice, there is a great potential for goal oriented learning in the context of higher education.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SoskaMottokWolff, author = {Soska, Alexander and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Wolff, Christian}, title = {An experimental card game for software testing: Development, design and evaluation of a physical card game to deepen the knowledge of students in academic software testing education}, series = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 10-13 April 2016, Abu Dhabi, UAE}, booktitle = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 10-13 April 2016, Abu Dhabi, UAE}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2016.7474609}, pages = {576 -- 584}, abstract = {Teaching software testing is a challenging task. Especially if you want to impart more in-depth and practical knowledge to the students. Therefore, most lectures still teach in a classic lecture format despite the fact that this way of instruction is in any case the optimal way of instruction for today's requirements anymore. In this paper we present our implementation of an active learning method to deepen the knowledge in academic software test education. We describe a card game for advanced learning that promotes students' collaboration and knowledge exchange in a playful and competitive manner. The design of the game is based on constructive and cooperative theories. A subsequent evaluation shows that the use of this card game for teaching software testing is a suitable method.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NivalaHauserMottoketal., author = {Nivala, Markus and Hauser, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Gruber, Hans}, title = {Developing visual expertise in software engineering: An eye tracking study}, series = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 10-13 April 2016, Abu Dhabi, UAE}, booktitle = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 10-13 April 2016, Abu Dhabi, UAE}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2016.7474614}, pages = {613 -- 620}, abstract = {Program comprehension and the ability to find program errors are key skills of software engineering. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the visual processes of novice and advanced programmers in authentic tasks. Fifteen novices and eight advanced programmers were given eight short pieces of code. Their task was to either identify an error or give the output of the code. Eye movements and keyboard activity were recorded. On average, the novices spent more time reading the code than composing the response, whereas the more advanced programmers started composing the response sooner and spent more time on it. In general, the advanced programmers had shorter fixations and saccades. The results suggest that the advanced programmers are quicker to grasp the essence of the code and able to see more details in it. The advanced programmers had shorter fixations and saccade lengths during the second phase which might indicate the process of chunking.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SoskaMottokWolff, author = {Soska, Alexander and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Wolff, Christian}, title = {A Study on Cognitive Decits in Learning to Program}, series = {European Conference of Software Engineering Education (ECSEE2016), 30 June and 1 July 2016 in Seeon Monastery, Germany}, booktitle = {European Conference of Software Engineering Education (ECSEE2016), 30 June and 1 July 2016 in Seeon Monastery, Germany}, publisher = {Shaker}, address = {Aachen}, pages = {209 -- 214}, abstract = {For many students learning to program is a crucial task. In this research, we took a glance into the current literature and identified most ocurring cognitive deficits. Thereby we identified three elements that apear most significant throughout the study. We think that these deficits are fundamental basics for learning how to program. The stu-dents' education of cognitive abilities in programming needs revision and should receive far more training. In future research we want to establish a guideline for promoting these deficits through adequate teaching and learning arrangements in pre-programming education.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BeslmeislReuterMottok, author = {Beslmeisl, Magdalena and Reuter, Rebecca and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Importance of Writing in Software Engineering Education}, series = {Interactive Collaborative Learning, ICL 2016, proceedings of the 19th ICL Conference, Volume 1}, booktitle = {Interactive Collaborative Learning, ICL 2016, proceedings of the 19th ICL Conference, Volume 1}, editor = {Auer, M. and Guralnick, D. and Uhomoibhi, J.}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-50337-0_29}, pages = {315 -- 321}, abstract = {In this paper we present our first steps in defining the type, scope and relevance of writing in higher education of software engineering. We aim to identify lacks of scientific research and raise a new and necessary research interest to push research in this area. First we clarify the relevance of writing in higher education in general. In a second step we highlight the relevance of writing in the domain of software engineering in particular. Soft skills to be taught to students of engineering professions and especially to software engineering students are highly discussed. We discuss the skill of writing from a theoretical view as well as reasons for the high relevance of this skill for future engineers. An obligation of teaching writing in the higher education is formulated.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SailerDeubzerLuettgenetal., author = {Sailer, Andreas and Deubzer, Michael and L{\"u}ttgen, Gerald and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Comparing Trace Recordings of Automotive Realtime Software}, series = {RTNS '17: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, Grenoble, France, IEEE}, booktitle = {RTNS '17: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, Grenoble, France, IEEE}, doi = {10.1145/3139258.3139265}, pages = {118 -- 127}, abstract = {The process of engineering models of existing real-time system components is often difficult and time consuming, especially when legacy code has to be re-used or information about the exact timing behaviour is needed. In order to tackle this reverse engineering problem, we have developed the tool CoreTAna. CoreTAna derives an AUTOSAR compliant model of a real-time system by conducting dynamic analysis using trace recordings. Motivated by the challenge of assessing the quality of reverse engineered models of real-time software, we present a novel mathematical measure for comparing trace recordings from embedded real-time systems regarding their temporal behaviour. We also introduce a benchmark framework based on this measure, for evaluating reverse engineering tools such as CoreTAna. This considers common system architectures and also includes randomly generated systems and three systems of industrial automotive projects. Finally, an industrial case study demonstrates other use cases of our measure, such as impact analysis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SailerDeubzerLuettgenetal., author = {Sailer, Andreas and Deubzer, Michael and L{\"u}ttgen, Gerald and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {CoreTAna: A Trace Analyzer for Reverse Engineering Real-Time Software}, series = {IEEE 23rd International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER), March 14 to March 18 2016, Suita, Osaka, Japan}, booktitle = {IEEE 23rd International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER), March 14 to March 18 2016, Suita, Osaka, Japan}, doi = {10.1109/SANER.2016.36}, abstract = {With the availability of the AUTOSAR standard, model-driven methodologies are becoming established in theautomotive domain. However, the process of creating models ofexisting system components is often difficult and time consuming, especially when legacy code has to be re-used or informationabout the exact timing behavior is needed. In order to tackle thisreverse engineering problem, we present CoreTAna, a novel toolthat derives an AUTOSAR compliant model of a real-time systemfrom a dynamic analysis of its trace recordings. This paper givesan overview of CoreTAna's current features and discusses itsbenefits for reverse engineering.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaasMottok, author = {Haas, Kerstin and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Research oriented learning in a research association - Evaluated in a maturity model}, series = {Teaching and Learning in a Digital World, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL), September 27 to 29, 2017, in Budapest, Hungary - Volume 1}, booktitle = {Teaching and Learning in a Digital World, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL), September 27 to 29, 2017, in Budapest, Hungary - Volume 1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-73210-7_81}, pages = {695 -- 701}, abstract = {Research-oriented learning provides students the opportunity to develop their research competences by experiencing research practice, this often happens in the surrounding of research associations with different universities and companies. This paper introduces a two-step approach to evaluate the research-oriented learning within a research association. First we conduct the evaluation of the research environment with the instrument of the adapted Collaboration Maturity Model (Col-MM) to see whether the collaboration network and the management is able to support the students in their learning process. Additionally, we take into account the evaluation of the students' research competence. This approach targets the assessment of the starting conditions of the students and to compare their performance level until the end of the research association project phase. These two evaluation phases provide the potential to create an ideal research environment and consequently enable the students to develop and improve their research competence.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WaegemannLangerMottoketal., author = {Waegemann, Tobias and Langer, Tobias and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Osinski, Lukas and Stappert, Friedhelm and Tayakoli Kolagari, Ramin}, title = {Models for Dependable Heterogenous Multi- and Many-Core System Software Design Revisited}, series = {ARCS 2016, 29th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, 4-7 April 2016, Nuremberg, Germany}, booktitle = {ARCS 2016, 29th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, 4-7 April 2016, Nuremberg, Germany}, abstract = {Modelling approaches have to satisfy certain criteria in order to sufficiently encompass the characteristics of dependable heterogenous multi- and many-core system architectures. This work-in-progress paper gives an overview of modern modelling approaches and their related research projects, particularly those regarding domain specific architecture description languages, as well as of the specific challenges of dependable systems and heterogenous multi- and many-core designs, i.e. scheduling techniques for real-time requirements and concerns regarding functional safety. Furthermore, an ongoing research effort in order to identify a set of criteria for evaluating the eligibility of modelling approaches for the task of adequately representing these systems and their specific characteristics is presented.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MottokMerkFalter, author = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Merk, Josef and Falter, Thomas}, title = {A multi dimensional view of the Graves value systems model on teaching and learning leading to a students-centered learning: Graves model revisited}, series = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 10-13 April 2016, Abu Dhabi, UAE}, booktitle = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 10-13 April 2016, Abu Dhabi, UAE}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2016.7474600}, pages = {503 -- 512}, abstract = {A cultural change at the university eco-system is possible with diverse learning approaches in faculties. Diverse learning offers will cope with the diversity of students regarding their value systems. Currently teaching at universities is dominated by "teacher-centered teaching", also there are approaches to use different methods to accelerate and intensify the teaching and learning process. Nevertheless these approaches do often not show the desired impact with all students. This paper is offering insights how that comes using the Graves value systems model and is proposing a set of methods which fits to different value systems of students.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TaoLiuMottoketal., author = {Tao, Ye and Liu, Guozhu and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Hackenberg, Rudolf and Hagel, Georg}, title = {Ranking task activity in teaching software engineering}, series = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 10-13 April 2016, Abu Dhabi, UAE}, booktitle = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 10-13 April 2016, Abu Dhabi, UAE}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2016.7474678}, pages = {1023 -- 1027}, abstract = {In this research, we investigate the possibility of applying ranking task activity in teaching and learning software engineering courses. We introduce three types of ranking tasks, conceptual-, contextual- and sequential ranking questions, which cover most core topics such as requirement analysis, architecture design and quality validation in the course. We have also done experiments on a group of students to see if ranking tasks could increase their conceptual knowledge in specific areas. Assessments were given in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this activity, showing an obvious increase in complex conceptual understanding.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauserReissNivalaetal., author = {Hauser, Florian and Reiß, Markus and Nivala, Markus and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Gruber, Hans}, title = {Eye tracking applied: Visual expertise in code reviews}, series = {9th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, EDULEARN17, 3-5 July, 2017, Barcelona, Spain, Proceedings}, booktitle = {9th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, EDULEARN17, 3-5 July, 2017, Barcelona, Spain, Proceedings}, doi = {10.21125/edulearn.2017.1084}, pages = {379 -- 389}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaasMottok, author = {Haas, Kerstin and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Evaluation of the Research-oriented Learning Environment in a Research Association}, series = {9th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, EDULEARN2017, 3-5 July 2017, Barcelona, Spain, Proceedings}, booktitle = {9th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, EDULEARN2017, 3-5 July 2017, Barcelona, Spain, Proceedings}, doi = {10.21125/edulearn.2017.0872}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SoskaReuterHauseretal., author = {Soska, Alexander and Reuter, Rebecca and Hauser, Florian and Reiß, Markus and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Scaffolding in der Lehre von Design Pattern. Neue Konzepte f{\"u}r anwendungsorientiertes und aktivierendes Lernen}, series = {Tagungsband zum 3. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern, 25. / 26. September 2017, TH N{\"u}rnberg}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 3. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern, 25. / 26. September 2017, TH N{\"u}rnberg}, pages = {112 -- 116}, abstract = {Design Pattern sind wiederverwendbare Entwurfsmuster f{\"u}r Probleme in objektorientierten Programmiersprachen. Gene-rell wird dieser Lerninhalt als sehr abstrakt, theoretisch und schwer verst{\"a}ndlich beurteilt. Eine durchgef{\"u}hrte Studie mit Studierenden zu den Lernhindernissen w{\"a}hrend unseres Soft-ware Engineering Curriculums belegen diese Annahmen. Trotz heterogener Studierendengruppe mit unterschiedlichen Vor-kenntnissen, wird das Verst{\"a}ndnis der Konzepte von Design Pattern, verglichen mit anderen Lehrinhalten, als die gr{\"o}ßte Herausforderung angesehen. Zur Verbesserung des Lernens von Design Pattern, wurde aufgrund dieser Erkenntnisse ein Lehrkonzept zur Beseitigung der Lernhindernisse entwickelt. Dieses basiert auf einem angepassten Scaffolding-Ansatz, welcher u.a. durch die systematische Anwendung von studie-rendenzentrierten Methoden die Aneignung von theoretischen als auch praktischen Inhalten sukzessive f{\"o}rdert. Eine anschlie-ßende Evaluation belegt die Wirkungsweise des Lehrkonzepts.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{LangerOsinskiMottok, author = {Langer, Tobias and Osinski, Lukas and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {A Survey of Parallel Hard-Real Time Scheduling on Task Models and Scheduling Approaches}, series = {ARCS 2017; 30th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, 3-6 April 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {ARCS 2017; 30th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, 3-6 April 2017, Vienna, Austria}, abstract = {The trend towards multi-core systems becomes increasinglyomnipresentandhasalreadyreachedhardreal-time systems. In the recent years more and more researchers tackle the problem of scheduling parallel tasks with real-time constraints. We present a discussion of these recent approaches to hard real-time scheduling tasks consisting of multiple threads. We identify categories in scheduling mechanisms and task systems and discuss their features, as well as the research already achieved in their ???elds. In the domain of task models we identi???ed the gang constrained task model, the order constrained task model and the unconstrained task model. These task models differ regardingtheamountandtypeofthreadexecutionconstraints, which can be expressed using the model. Regarding scheduling algorithms, we identi???ed transformation based and nontransformation based scheduling schemes. The former rely on off-line task transformation, whereas the latter doesn???t require any prior information about task structures. The presented classi???cations show, that applied scheduling algorithms mostly are not restricted to certain task models, but that they are applied quite independently.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SoskaMottokWolff, author = {Soska, Alexander and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Wolff, Christian}, title = {Pattern oriented card game development: SOFTTY - A card game for academic learning of software testing}, series = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 25-28 April 2017, Athens, Greece}, booktitle = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 25-28 April 2017, Athens, Greece}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2017.7942996}, abstract = {One of the biggest problems of educational games is the adequate integration of learning content into the game environment. Thereby the main challenge is to create a balance between gameplay and learning objectives and the correct transfer of learning principles into the game design. A useful approach is to identify game components and their specific learning constraints and the relationship between each other. By mapping learning elements to Game Design Pattern, we elaborate fundamentals for the concrete game design, focusing on card games. A shared description and an understanding of how the game design aligns with learning content facilitates the development of high quality educational games. A short illustration of our further developed implementation summarizes our experiences and shows an exemplary realization.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OsinskiLangerMottok, author = {Osinski, Lukas and Langer, Tobias and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {A Survey of Fault Tolerance Approaches at Different Architecture Levels}, series = {30th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS 2017, 3-6 April 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {30th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS 2017, 3-6 April 2017, Vienna, Austria}, pages = {1 -- 9}, abstract = {In the recent years the development trends for computing platforms moved to multicore systems. Associated with this trend, feature sizes decreased with each new hardware generation and consequently led to a rise of transient and permanent error frequency in memory and CPUs. In this context, researchers presented several approaches which exploit the inherent redundancy of multicore platforms to provide fault tolerance. We present a discussion of fault tolerance approaches based on redundancy at different levels of architecture regarding theirsphereofreplication,performanceaswellaserrordetection and recovery capability.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ReuterBeslmeislMottok, author = {Reuter, Rebecca and Beslmeisl, Magdalena and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Work in Progress: Teaching-Obstacles in Higher Software Engineering Education}, series = {8th IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2017), Athens, Greece}, booktitle = {8th IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2017), Athens, Greece}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2017.7943067}, pages = {1631 -- 1635}, abstract = {Software Engineering is very abstract and complex by nature. Teaching Software Engineering in higher education is therefore still a big challenge. Although we implemented inductive teaching and learning methods in our courses for several years, we do not have a panacea. This paper aims to identify the remaining teaching obstacles in our Software Engineering courses with regard to the concrete teaching content. We present first ideas on how to overcome these teaching obstacles by the application of Augmented and/or Virtual Reality techniques with regard to the identified obstacles.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ReuterHauserGoldVeerkampetal., author = {Reuter, Rebecca and Hauser, Florian and Gold-Veerkamp, Carolin and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Abke, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Towards a Definition and Identification of Learning Obstacles in Higher Software Engineering Education}, series = {EDULEARN17 Proceedings, 9th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, 3-5 July, 2017, Barcelona, Spain}, booktitle = {EDULEARN17 Proceedings, 9th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, 3-5 July, 2017, Barcelona, Spain}, isbn = {978-84-697-3777-4}, issn = {2340-1117}, doi = {10.21125/edulearn.2017.0943}, pages = {10259 -- 10267}, subject = {Hochschuldidaktik}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NivalaHauserJossbergeretal., author = {Nivala, Markus and Hauser, Florian and Jossberger, Helen and Reiß, Markus and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Gruber, Hans}, title = {Detecting errors in program flow diagrams: Comparing novices and advanced programmers}, series = {EARLI Biennial Conference 2017, 17th European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction, 29 August - 2 September, 2017 - University of Tampere, Finland}, booktitle = {EARLI Biennial Conference 2017, 17th European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction, 29 August - 2 September, 2017 - University of Tampere, Finland}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ReuterKuhnMottok, author = {Reuter, Rebecca and Kuhn, Martina and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {A Two-Sided Approach of Applying Software Engineering Perspectives in Higher Education}, series = {Teaching and Learning in a Digital World, ICL 2017, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning - Volume 1}, booktitle = {Teaching and Learning in a Digital World, ICL 2017, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning - Volume 1}, pages = {460 -- 467}, language = {en} } @techreport{SoskaMottok, author = {Soska, Alexander and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {An Experimental Card Game for Software Testing}, series = {Forschungsbericht 2017 der Ostbayersichen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg}, journal = {Forschungsbericht 2017 der Ostbayersichen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg}, editor = {Baier, Wolfgang}, address = {Regensburg}, organization = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KampmannMottok, author = {Kampmann, Matthias and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {A 'laboratory' as an approach to foster writing skills at software engineering studies learning software engineering is easier when writing courses are directly dpplied to lecture's content and the problems and examples enrolled in}, series = {2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON 2018, Santa Cruz de Teneriffe, Spanien}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON 2018, Santa Cruz de Teneriffe, Spanien}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363326}, pages = {900 -- 908}, abstract = {Writing, with no doubt, is besides reading a core competency which allows us to "exploit" knowledge in general. It also makes possible the exploration of software engineering's core issues. Especially within this context it is necessary to master the reading of complex texts as well as to be able to write in an appropriate academic expression. With regard to studies in software engineering this seems to be obvious, but in fact the opposite is the reality. Therefore measures to improve these skills seemed to be necessarily applied. At the Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH, University of Applied Sciences, Regensburg) a new format, the so called c*lab, was installed during the winter semester 2017. This was a course which followed the principle of "Writing Across the Curriculum" (WAC). Organized parallel to a lecture of learning how to program the language C, and addressing students of the first semester, the course was a complete voluntary offer in addition to the general standard courses and lectures of the faculty. Students who participated not only reflected on C and its principles, nor only on writing as a self purpose, but they also learned to express technical thoughts and ideas by the use of didactic methods. The idea to transfer also basic LTeX concepts to write a paper based on the IEEE bare_conf.tex-template were also planned. The course followed the idea of student's-centred learning. This paper presents the main structure, goals, and means of the c*lab, and the theory behind. It also embeds the course within the horizon of experiences of teaching writing skills at the Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LaS 3 ) at the faculty of electronic and information engineering at the OTH Regensburg. First experiences have shown that participants increase writing skills and their idea of the importance of writing.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OsinskiMottok, author = {Osinski, Lukas and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Control Flow Errors: A Discussion of Different Injection Strategies}, series = {32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2019, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark}, booktitle = {32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2019, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {Among the available dependability assessment techniques, fault injection (FI) is widely adopted and strongly recommended by safety standards for the validation that functional and technical safety mechanisms are implemented correctly and effectively. The main challenge in fault injection assessments is the increasing complexity of system-on-chips as well as the increasing size of memory, which leads to enormous efforts to test every possible fault introduced to the system. Therefore, a number of publicly available fault injection frameworks utilize fault space pruning techniques to reduce the overall fault space and consequently the overall experiment duration. Most of the fault space pruning techniques mainly discuss the reduction of the number of data errors which have to be injected into registers and memory locations. However, control flow errors represent a further domain of possible errors on the application level. Usually for the evaluation of effectiveness of fault tolerance mechanisms against data errors, a single fault assumption at microarchitectural level (e.g. bit-flips) is assumed. In most cases, this assumption is equivalently applied to the program counter to investigate possible control flow errors. Due to this approach, the error space is consciously or unconsciously reduced to the possible erroneous jump targets that can be reached by a specific set of bit-flips in the program counter at a specified time during the program execution. This approach is considered valid regarding the corresponding fault assumption, but leads to negative effects on the significance of the injection and the resulting effectiveness of the tested fault tolerance mechanism. In this paper, we discuss different strategies for the analysis and injection of control flow errors and the resulting differences by considering the single fault assumption at microarchitectural and application level.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LaloWeberSaileretal., author = {Lalo, Erjola and Weber, Raphael and Sailer, Andreas and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Siemers, Christian}, title = {On Solving Task Allocation and Schedule Generation for Time-Triggered LET Systems using Constraint Programming}, series = {32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2019, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark}, booktitle = {32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2019, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark}, pages = {1 -- 8}, abstract = {The amount of safety-critical embedded systems in automotive development is heavily growing. Ensuring their reliability not only increases the complexity of functions but also requires determinism at design and execution time, which is considerably challenging to fulfill and verify for multi-core processors. The Logical Execution Time (LET) is recently recognized in automotive industry as an approach for ensuring deterministic functional behavior. However, to decrease the manual design effort and time for deploying such complex systems to multi-core platforms and for ensuring their strict timing and safety requirements, automatic solutions are needed. This work presents a solution for allocating tasks to multi-core processors and generating a time-triggered schedule for embedded systems considering safety, timing, and LET semantics. The approach we propose solves both challenges by defining them as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). To examine our CSP formulation, we use MiniZinc, which is a solver-independent constraint modeling language that can employ a variety of solvers. In a case study, we explore optimizations of an industrial system that are enabled by scheduling and task allocation design decisions. Further, the performance of the proposed solutions is evaluated based on large set of synthetically generated system models.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidLangerOsinskietal., author = {Schmid, Michael and Langer, Tobias and Osinski, Lukas and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Parallel Active Object Pattern}, series = {31th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2018,9-12 April 2018, Braunschweig, Germany}, booktitle = {31th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2018,9-12 April 2018, Braunschweig, Germany}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4559-3}, abstract = {With parallel applications becoming more and more popular even in real-time systems, the demand for safe and easyto- use software libraries and frameworks for parallel and concurrent computations is growing immensely. These frameworks usually provide an implementation for different sets of software patterns. A very well known software pattern for concurrency is the Active Object pattern, that allows various threads to have synchronized access to an object in question. This paper presents the Parallel Active Object pattern, which extends the common Active Object pattern to support the use of objects, whose computations are profoundly enhanced by a parallel execution. Furthermore, a C++ software framework is introduced, which implements the Parallel Active Object pattern and thus provides the possibility of using task or data parallel patterns, for example Map, Reduce and Divide-and-Conquer, on the active object's calculations. The proposed framework is evaluated against two other popular libraries, namely OpenMP and Intel Threading Building Blocks. Through utilization of the C++11 standard and template classes a simple user interface is provided, which abstracts the distribution of workloads among the worker threads. By making use of the C++ Standard Template Library the framework can easily be ported to embedded systems and by extending the pattern through real-time capabilities, which ensure a timely and reliable execution of the method requests, the intention of providing the framework for time critical environments is also targeted in the future.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NagengastOsinskiMottok, author = {Nagengast, Christian and Osinski, Lukas and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Synchronization Techniques for Parallel Redundant Execution of Applications}, series = {32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2019, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark}, booktitle = {32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2019, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark}, publisher = {IEEE}, pages = {1 -- 8}, abstract = {In fault tolerant systems, applications are replicated and executed to enable error detection and recovery. If one replica application fails, another is able to take its place and provide the correct results. This concept can benefit from parallel execution on separate execution units. The rise of multicore platforms supports the development of parallel software, by providing the adequate hardware. However, this raises challenges regarding the synchronization of the redundant strings of execution. Replica determinism means that given the same input, identical programs provide the same output. To ensure replica determinism, requirements regarding the synchronization can be split in two domains: data and time. This paper examines the state of the art of synchronization techniques for parallel replicated execution in the context of fault tolerant systems. We analyze the requirements regarding synchronization within the time and data domain and compare different concepts of hardware (multicore, multiprocessor and multi-PCB) and software (processes, threads).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OsinskiMottok, author = {Osinski, Lukas and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {A Multicore Fault Tolerance Approach Based on Coded Processing}, series = {Embedded Real-Time Software and Systems Conference (ERST²), Jan 2018, Toulouse/France}, booktitle = {Embedded Real-Time Software and Systems Conference (ERST²), Jan 2018, Toulouse/France}, abstract = {Development trends for computing platforms moved from increasing the frequency of a single processor to increasing the parallelism with multiple cores on the same die. Multiple cores have strong potential to support cost-efficient fault tolerance due to their inherent spatial redundancy. This work makes a step towards software-only fault tolerance in the presence of permanent and transient hardware faults. Our approach utilizes software-based spatial triple modular redundancy and coded processing on a shared memory multi-core controller. We evaluate our approach on an Infineon AURIX TriBoard TC277 and provide experimental evidence for error resistance by fault injection campaigns with an iSystem iC5000 On-chip Analyzer.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MottokReichenberger, author = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Reichenberger, Marcus}, title = {Use of Static Analysis and Coding Guidelines in embedded Systems Software}, series = {1st Applied Research Conference, ARC 2019, 8 July 2019, Regensburg}, booktitle = {1st Applied Research Conference, ARC 2019, 8 July 2019, Regensburg}, publisher = {Pro BUSINESS}, isbn = {978-3-96409-182-6}, pages = {571 -- 578}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OsinskiMottok, author = {Osinski, Lukas and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Das FORMUS³IC Forschungsvorhaben im Verbund - Vom Stand der Technik zu neuen Entwicklungen}, series = {Embedded Software Engineering Kongress (ESE 2018), 3.-7.12.2018, Sindelfingen, Tagungsband}, booktitle = {Embedded Software Engineering Kongress (ESE 2018), 3.-7.12.2018, Sindelfingen, Tagungsband}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ReuterHauserGoldVeerkampetal., author = {Reuter, Rebecca and Hauser, Florian and Gold-Veerkamp, Carolin and Stark, Theresa and Kis, Juliane and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Abke, J{\"o}rg and Meyer, Dany}, title = {Towards the construction of a questionnaire for the identification of learning obstacles}, series = {2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2018), 17-20 April, 2018, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2018), 17-20 April, 2018, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363266}, pages = {457 -- 466}, abstract = {This paper deals with the identification of learning ob-stacles using the questionnaire method. Therefore, two iterations were proceeded: The first one was part of a survey that was carried out at four lo-cations at universities of applied sciences. We asked students about obstructive facts in general providing items for five learning ob-stacle dimensions that were set up before; emotional/motivational, epistemological/cognitive, didactical, resource-related and meta-cognitive learning obstacle dimensions. After the general part, we asked them to answer the same question, but in relation to the - in their opinion - most difficult learning content. With this question, we aim to get indications regarding to epistemological obstacles. In a second step, we used the "Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire", which was developed by Pintrich [1] as a basis to develop a questionnaire that extracts learning obstacles. In its original version, the "Motivated Strategies for Learning Question-naire" was intended to measure students' learning strategies, but, as the obstacle dimensions were partly derived from learning strategy classification, we chose this already validated question-naire [2]. Within this iteration, we could confirm a five-factor structure of the questionnaire that could be mapped to the five be-fore set learning obstacle dimensions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauserReuterGruberetal., author = {Hauser, Florian and Reuter, Rebecca and Gruber, Hans and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Research competence: Modification of a questionnaire to measure research competence at universities of applied sciences}, series = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 17-20 April 2018, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain}, booktitle = {IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 17-20 April 2018, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363216}, pages = {109 -- 117}, abstract = {This paper deals with the validation and modification of the German questionnaire "F-Komp". In its original version, it was intended to measure university students' research competences. In the beginning of this study, there were only a few tools available which were reliable. For the purposes of this study, they were not suitable. At the same time, there was no validated version of the F-Komp available, which made the whole validation process for further usage necessary. This questionnaire is based on a structure, which consist of different skills and knowledge and is focused on measuring research competence in general. The validation and modification of the F-Komp is therefore the aim of our contribution as well as a revised version of the questionnaire. We proceeded an explorative factor and a reliability analysis to do a general evaluation of the tool. Some modifications were done in the questionnaire to make it more suitable to the requirements of technical oriented universities of applied sciences [5]. Our revised version is slightly longer and contains several items to gather data about the participants demographics. The modified questionnaire is based on a more appropriate factor structure. This structure is more practically oriented and pays attention to ethical issues. In future cases, this questionnaire will be used in research oriented courses to measure students' progress in acquiring the knowledge and methods which are necessary to perform as a scientist in different research areas.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidMottok, author = {Schmid, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Asynchronous Critical Sections in Real-Time Multiprocessor Systems}, series = {Architecture of Computing Systems - ARCS 2019, 32nd International Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 20-23, 2019, Proceedings}, booktitle = {Architecture of Computing Systems - ARCS 2019, 32nd International Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 20-23, 2019, Proceedings}, editor = {Schoeberl, Martin and Hochberger, Christian and Uhrig, Sascha and Brehm, J{\"u}rgen and Pionteck, Thilo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-18656-2_5}, pages = {56 -- 67}, abstract = {Sharing data across multiple tasks in multiprocessor systems has intensively been studied in the past decades. Various synchronization protocols, the most well-known being the Priority Inheritance Protocol or the Priority Ceiling Protocol, have been established and analyzed so that blocking times of tasks waiting to access a shared resource can be upper bounded. To the best of our knowledge, all of these protocols share one commonality: Tasks that want to enter a critical section, that is already being executed by another task, immediately get blocked. In this paper, we introduce the Asynchronous Priority Ceiling Protocol (A-PCP), which makes use of aperiodic servers to execute the critical sections asynchronously, while the calling task can continue its work on non-critical section code. For this protocol, we provide a worst-case response time analysis of the asynchronous computations, as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for a feasibility analysis of a set of periodic tasks using the proposed synchronization model on a system that preemptively schedules the tasks under the rate-monotonic priority assignment.}, language = {en} } @book{WeilkiensHuwaldtMottoketal., author = {Weilkiens, Tim and Huwaldt, Alexander and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Roth, Stephan and Willert, Andreas}, title = {Modellbasierte Softwareentwicklung f{\"u}r eingebettete Systeme verstehen und anwenden}, publisher = {dpunkt.Verlag}, address = {Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-86490-524-7}, abstract = {Die Beherrschung von Komplexit{\"a}t ist eine der gr{\"o}ßten Engineering-Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts. Themen wie das „Internet der Dinge" (IoT) und „Industrie 4.0" beschleunigen diesen Trend. Die modellgetriebene Entwicklung leistet einen entscheidenden Beitrag, um diesen Herausforderungen erfolgreich begegnen zu k{\"o}nnen. Die Autoren geben einen fundierten Einstieg und praxisorientierten {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Modellierung von Software f{\"u}r eingebettete Systeme von den Anforderungen {\"u}ber die Architektur bis zum Design, der Codegenerierung und dem Testen. F{\"u}r jede Phase werden Paradigmen, Methoden, Techniken und Werkzeuge beschrieben und ihre praktische Anwendung in den Vordergrund gestellt. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird auf die Integration von Werkzeugen, funktionale Sicherheit und Metamodellierung eingegangen sowie die Einf{\"u}hrung eines modellbasierten Ansatzes in einer Organisation und die Notwendigkeit zum lebenslangen Lernen erl{\"a}utert. Der Leser erf{\"a}hrt in diesem Buch, wie ein modellbasiertes Vorgehen nutzbringend in der Praxis f{\"u}r die Softwareentwicklung eingesetzt wird. Das Vorgehen wird unabh{\"a}ngig von Modellierungswerkzeugen vorgestellt. Zahlreiche Beispiele - exemplarisch auch auf Basis konkreter Werkzeuge - helfen bei der praktischen Umsetzung.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RennerPozzobonMottoketal., author = {Renner, Sebastian and Pozzobon, Enrico and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {Benchmarking Software Implementations of 1st Round Candidates of the NIST LWC Project on Microcontrollers}, series = {3rd Lightweight Cryptography Workshop at NIST, Gaithersburg, USA}, booktitle = {3rd Lightweight Cryptography Workshop at NIST, Gaithersburg, USA}, abstract = {This paper introduces a custom framework for benchmarking software implementations from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Lightweight Cryptography (LWC) project on embedded devices. We present the design and core functions of the framework and apply it to various NIST LWC authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) ciphers. Altogether, we evaluate the speed of 213 submitted algorithm vari-ants on four different microcontroller units (MCUs), including 32 bit ARM and 8 bit AVR architectures. To allow a more meaningful comparison, we also conduct code size tests on all four boards and RAM utilization tests on one test platform.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauserGegenfurtnerHutzleretal., author = {Hauser, Florian and Gegenfurtner, Andreas and Hutzler, Ivonne and Reuter, Rebecca and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Eye movement patterns in source code review}, series = {EARLI SIG 17 and 25 Biennial Conference 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom}, booktitle = {EARLI SIG 17 and 25 Biennial Conference 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom}, abstract = {This study is based on the work of Uwano, Nakamura, Monden and Matsumoto (2006) who tried to identify programmers' eye movements in source code reviews by using eye tracking technology. The researchers were able to identify certain eye movement patterns but due to the technical limitations of earlier eye tracking systems and a small sample they could not find a valid proof for their existence. Now, twelve years later, the eye tracking technology has made significant improvements and is able to capture programmers' reading behavior in an unobtrusive and precise way. Now the goal is to verify the described patterns by using eye tracking data from expert and novice programmers. In the experiment they have to detect errors in six different codes and take part in a retrospective interview. At the moment, data collections are ongoing. At the time of the conference, we will present the results of our analyses.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HutzlerHauserReuteretal., author = {Hutzler, Ivonne and Hauser, Florian and Reuter, Rebecca and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Gruber, Hans}, title = {Will the noun/verb analysis be used to generate class diagrams? An eye tracking study}, series = {IATED, 11th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2018), 12-14 November 2018, Seville, Spain}, booktitle = {IATED, 11th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2018), 12-14 November 2018, Seville, Spain}, doi = {10.21125/iceri.2018.1103}, pages = {505 -- 514}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauserMottokReuteretal., author = {Hauser, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Reuter, Rebecca and Hutzler, Ivonne and Gruber, Hans}, title = {Eye movement patterns in software engineering - What differs the expert from the novice?}, series = {IATED, 11th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2018), 12-14 November 2018, Seville, Spain}, booktitle = {IATED, 11th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2018), 12-14 November 2018, Seville, Spain}, doi = {10.21125/iceri.2018.1129}, language = {en} } @techreport{HauserMottok, author = {Hauser, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Eye movement patterns im Software Engineering}, series = {Forschung 2018 / Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, journal = {Forschung 2018 / Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, editor = {Baier, Wolfgang}, organization = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, pages = {48 -- 49}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{OsinskiLangerSchmidetal., author = {Osinski, Lukas and Langer, Tobias and Schmid, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {PyFI - Fault Injection Plattform for Real Hardware}, series = {31th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 9-12 April 2018, Braunschweig, Germany}, booktitle = {31th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 9-12 April 2018, Braunschweig, Germany}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {Today, due to the rapidly evolving technology within the automotive industry, the automation level of cars is continuously increasing. As a consequence, the software code base implementing the automated driving functionality is growing in both, complexity and size. Simultaneously, the semiconductor industry continues with structure and voltage downscaling due to diminishing design margins and stringent power constraints. This trend leads to highly integrated hardware on the one hand, whilst provoking an increase in sensitivity against external causes for hardware faults, e.g., radiation effects or electromagnetic interference. Among the available dependability assessment techniques, fault injection (FI) is widely adopted and ISO 26262 strongly recommends applying it to validate, that functional and technical safety mechanisms are implemented correctly and effectively. We present PyFI (Python backend for Fault Injection), a fault injection backend for the Infineon Aurix TriCore which utilizes an iSystem On-chip Analyzer to inject faults into the application data or instructions that are visible at the assembly level. PyFI allows the injection of bit flips and stuck-at faults in memory and register cells of the hardware which trigger our error symptoms on application level. Furthermore, it implements fault collapsing algorithms to reduce the number of faults and the duration for single experiments by gathering statistics about the static and dynamic application execution.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LangerOsinskiSchmidetal., author = {Langer, Tobias and Osinski, Lukas and Schmid, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Work-in-Progress: Real-Time Scheduling of Parallel Applications with Gang Scheduling}, series = {International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS) Workshop, 9-12 April 2018, Braunschweig, Germany}, booktitle = {International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS) Workshop, 9-12 April 2018, Braunschweig, Germany}, abstract = {Future embedded systems demand increasingly more computation performance, which can only be provided by exploiting parallelism in real-time applications. Due to scheduling and scalability issues, parallelism still is an open issue especially in hard real-time systems. In this work-in-progress paper, we describe and discuss a hierarchical gang-scheduling based approach to address the scalability issue. We use gang scheduling to schedule tasks consisting of multiple kernel level threads. The execution budget provided by the kernel level threads is used for scheduling of user level threads using a lightweight threading library running in user space. Further, the first steps towards an implementation in the realtime operating system kernel Erika OS are described and possible benefits and risks of this approach are shown.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BartelSoskaWolffetal., author = {Bartel, Alexander and Soska, Alexander and Wolff, Christian and Hagel, Georg and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Entwicklung eines Manifests f{\"u}r spielifizierte Hochschullehre}, series = {Mensch und Computer 2017, Tagungsband}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2017, Tagungsband}, editor = {Burghardt, M. and Wimmer, R. and Wolff, Christian and Womser-Hacker, C.}, address = {Regensburg}, doi = {10.18420/muc2017-mci-0277}, pages = {299 -- 304}, abstract = {In dieser Ver{\"o}ffentlichung pr{\"a}sentieren die Autoren erste Ergebnisse Ihrer Forschungsarbeit an einem Manifest f{\"u}r spielifizierte Hochschullehre. Ausgehend von einer Literaturrecherche {\"u}ber den aktuellen Forschungsstand werden erste Ausz{\"u}ge der aktuellen Arbeit dargestellt, auf deren Basis ein aktiver wissenschaftlicher Diskurs angeregt werden soll.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnietzschMuckelbauerReuteretal., author = {Knietzsch, Marco and Muckelbauer, Daniel and Reuter, Rebecca and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Experimental Verification of Indicated Benefits Of Integrating Augmented Reality into Academic Software Engineering Classes}, series = {IATED, 11th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2018), 12-14 November 2018, Seville, Spain}, booktitle = {IATED, 11th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2018), 12-14 November 2018, Seville, Spain}, editor = {Chova, L. G. and Mart{\´i}nez, A. L. and Torres, I. C.}, isbn = {978-84-09-05948-5}, issn = {2340-1095}, doi = {10.21125/iceri.2018.1057}, pages = {243 -- 252}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SeidlKraemerMottok, author = {Seidl, M. and Kr{\"a}mer, Stefan and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Improving the reliability of an embedded real-time system by applying coded processing}, series = {4th Applied Research Conference, 5th July 2014, Ingolstadt}, booktitle = {4th Applied Research Conference, 5th July 2014, Ingolstadt}, publisher = {Shaker}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {978-3-8440-2875-1}, pages = {70 -- 74}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HanschStaudteGerhageretal., author = {Hansch, G. and Staudte, Ch. and Gerhager, S. and Hackenberg, Rudolf and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Migration path for secure and economic smart power grid devices with transitional smart metering support}, series = {Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012 Nuremberg}, booktitle = {Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012 Nuremberg}, editor = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Ziemann, Olaf}, publisher = {Shaker}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {2012 978-3-8440-1093-0}, pages = {63 -- 69}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RennerMottok, author = {Renner, Sebastian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Towards Key Management Challenges in the Smart Grid}, series = {ARCS Workshop 2019 - 32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark}, booktitle = {ARCS Workshop 2019 - 32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark}, editor = {Trinitis, Carsten and Pionteck, Thilo}, publisher = {VDE-Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4957-7}, abstract = {The used technology in the power system is subject of great change. Through the use of smart devices, the systems in the power grid get interconnected between each other and remote networks. Especially the remote access to the critical smart grid environment involves new challenges in the area of security. To ensure the transmitted data and the access to the system is secured, cryptographic mechanisms have to be implemented. One critical part in this task is the management of cryptographic keys. This paper explains and defines a set of basic requirements for cryptographic key management in the smart grid. These requirements are derived from challenges present in common corporate environments. Then, basic approaches in the field of key management are stated and evaluated for the applicability in the power system. Different protocols for the implementation of key management strategies are shown and an assessment regarding their suitability for the defined requirements is conducted.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DeMottokBrada, author = {De, Sangita and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Brada, Premek}, title = {Design Approach to Platform Agnostic Service API Modeling for Interoperability of Cross-enterprise Vehicle Applications}, series = {26th 2021 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE): 7-8 September 2021, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republik}, booktitle = {26th 2021 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE): 7-8 September 2021, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republik}, editor = {Pinker, Jiř{\´i}}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-80-261-0973-0}, doi = {10.23919/AE51540.2021.9542890}, pages = {1 -- 6}, abstract = {In the last few years, the collaboration of services between the service-oriented, cross-enterprise vehicle application frameworks has gradually increased to generate novel and more complicated vehicle services for the automotive industry. In these service collaboration scenarios, where heterogeneous application frameworks participate to realize complex vehicle services, a source of discord that emerges is that the service providers must always check, before the service deployment, whether the clients or service consumers on the other side of the communication link are compatible with a given service's API (Application Program Interface). While using standardized templates like ontologies for API's semantic specifications are crucial for a service discovery and semantic interoperability, nevertheless, accessing these service APIs' semantic data using a standardized and understandable syntactical specification template is also equally substantial to ease services interoperability. In fact, such complex service collaboration scenarios motivate this research work which proposes a design approach towards standardized, domain-specific, platform-agnostic semantic and syntactic specification of vehicle services API models. This paper also uses a typical vehicle domain case study to illustrate the design approach and a reference mapping between the platform-agnostic semantics specifications of a vehicle service API ontological model and its corresponding language-neutral, syntactic representation using the OpenAPI standard.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DeNiklasMottoketal., author = {De, Sangita and Niklas, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Brada, Přemek}, title = {A Semantic Analysis of Interface Description Models of Heterogeneous Vehicle Application Frameworks: An Approach Towards Synergy Exploration}, series = {MODELSWARD 2019: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development, 20.02.2019 - 22.02.2019, Prague, Czech Republic}, booktitle = {MODELSWARD 2019: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development, 20.02.2019 - 22.02.2019, Prague, Czech Republic}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS}, isbn = {978-989-758-358-2}, pages = {394 -- 401}, abstract = {As the world is getting more connected, the demands of services in automotive industry are increasing with the requirements such as IoT (Internet of Things) in cars, automated driving, etc. Eventually, the automotive industry has evolved to a complex network of servi ces, where each organization depends on the other organizations, to satisfy its service requirements in different phases of the vehicle life cycle. Because of these heterogeneous and complex development environments, most of the vehicle component interface models need to be specified in various manifest ations to satisfy the semantic and syntactic requirements, specific to different application development environments or frameworks. This paperdescribes an approach to semantic analysis of components interfaces description models of heterogeneous frameworks, that are used for vehicle applications. The proposed approach intends to ensure that interface description models of different service-based vehicle frameworks can be compared, correlated and re-used based on semantic synergies, across different vehicle platforms, development environments and organizations. The approach to semantic synergy exploration could further provide the knowledge base for the increase in interoperability, overall efficiency and development of an automotive domain specific general software solutions, by facilitating coexistence of components of heterogeneous frameworks in the same high-performance ECU for future vehicle software.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DeMottokNiklasetal., author = {De, Sangita and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Niklas, Michael and Brada, Premek}, title = {Semantic Synergy Exploration in Interface Description Models of Heterogeneous Vehicle Frameworks: Towards Automotive Meta Interface Description Model}, series = {ARCS 2019: 32nd GI/ITG International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems May 20 - 21, 2019, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark Workshop, Proceedings}, booktitle = {ARCS 2019: 32nd GI/ITG International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems May 20 - 21, 2019, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark Workshop, Proceedings}, editor = {Trinitis, Carsten and Pionteck, Thilo}, publisher = {VDE VERLAG}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4957-7}, pages = {63 -- 70}, abstract = {This The vehicle is evolving to a complex network of heterogeneous subsystems of ECUs, sensors and actuators, each with different computational requirements. These sub-systems are connected via bus systems following different communication paradigms like e.g. signal based or service-oriented communications. This has led to the heterogeneous syntax of describing interfaces even though the semantics of the interfaces are similar. The wide variety of Interface Description Languages (IDLs) in automotive industry hinders partly with the efficient collaboration between different suppliers and the OEMs in the automotive industry. Given this wide variety of automotive IDLs, what could be more beneficial, from a software engineering point of view, is a generic automotive domain specific IDL that can satisfy all the fundamental requirements of the heterogeneous subsystems. This paper describes an approach to compare and correlate IDLs based on semantic similarities of the languages, considering the two aspects: application description and underlying message frameworks used in the different domains of given automotive subsystems. With the exploration of semantic synergies between the IDLs, various domain specific and domain-agnostic frameworks can be compared and correlated. The results can be generalized and abstracted to define a generic Meta IDL which could support use cases like e.g. domain-agnostic functional models and migration of software components between different kinds of automotive subsystems.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ThomeczekAttenbergerKolbetal., author = {Thomeczek, Ludwig and Attenberger, Andreas and Kolb, Johannes and Matoušek, Vaclav and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Measuring Safety Critical Latency Sources using Linux Kernel eBPF Tracing}, series = {ARCS 2019: 32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems : workshop proceedings, May 20- 21, 2019, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark}, booktitle = {ARCS 2019: 32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems : workshop proceedings, May 20- 21, 2019, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark}, editor = {Trinitis, Carsten and Pionteck, Thilo}, publisher = {VDE VERLAG GMBH}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4957-7}, pages = {8}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidFritzMottok, author = {Schmid, Michael and Fritz, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Fine-Grained Parallel Applications in Real-Time Multiprocessor Systems}, series = {Journal of Systems Architecture}, volume = {124}, journal = {Journal of Systems Architecture}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.sysarc.2022.102393}, abstract = {Lately, parallel task models have received much attention in the development of real-time multiprocessor systems, as they allow highly compute-intensive tasks to have shorter deadlines which is very much required in modern reactive systems. However, missing modularity and portability can make parallel programming a cumbersome endeavor. As a consequence, compute-intensive sectors in the desktop and server segment have relied on parallelism frameworks such as Intel Threading Building Blocks, Cilk and OpenMP. These parallelism frameworks, however, are optimized for decent average case performance and consequently, do not meet the strict requirements imposed by real-time systems. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept parallelism framework which was implemented in particular for soft real-time systems and having tight timing and safety requirements of such critical systems in mind. The proposed runtime system implements static memory allocation in a work-stealing environment that conforms to the strict space and tight probabilistic time bounds of work-stealing schedulers. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of this framework by conducting multiprogrammed benchmarks on a real-time embedded multicore architecture.}, language = {en} } @article{WeissPozzobonMottoketal., author = {Weiss, Nils and Pozzobon, Enrico and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Matoušek, V{\´a}clav}, title = {Automated Reverse Engineering of CAN Protocols}, series = {Neural Network World}, volume = {31}, journal = {Neural Network World}, number = {4}, issn = {1210-0552}, doi = {10.14311/NNW.2021.31.015}, pages = {279 -- 295}, abstract = {Car manufacturers define proprietary protocols to be used inside their vehicular networks, which are kept an industrial secret, therefore impeding independent researchers from extracting information from these networks. This article describes a statistical and a neural network approach that allows reverse engineering proprietary controller area network (CAN)-protocols assuming they were designed using the data base CAN (DBC) file format. The proposed algorithms are tested with CAN traces taken from a real car. We show that our approaches can correctly reverse engineer CAN messages in an automated manner.}, language = {en} } @article{DeNiklasBrianetal., author = {De, Sangita and Niklas, Michael and Brian, Rooney and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Brada, Premek}, title = {Semantic Mapping of Component Framework Interface Ontologies for Interoperability of Vehicle Applications}, series = {Procedia Computer Science}, volume = {170}, journal = {Procedia Computer Science}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.151}, pages = {813 -- 818}, abstract = {Over the past few years, ontology merging, and ontology semantic alignment has gained significant interest as research topics in automotive application domain for finding solutions to semantic data heterogeneity. To accomplish the complex and novel vehicle service requirements such as autonomous driving, V2X (Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication), etc. the automotive applications involve collaborations of several platform-specific data from heterogeneous enterprises component frameworks and consequently there has been increase in data interoperability issues. At the application component level, data interoperability relies on the semantic alignment or mapping between the various component framework interfaces data models represented as XML schemas (XSD). With the XML schemas being the preferred standard for the interface description exchange between most of the automotive application domain components, however, the data interoperability between the semantically equivalent but structurally different data constructs of multiple heterogeneous XSDs stands as a challenge in the absence of an ontology-based approach. To confront this crucial requirement for data interoperability and to increase in effect the reuse of existing components through their interfaces, we propose an approach to semantically map the various component framework interface data models when expressed as ontology schemas, based on the exploration of semantic synergies. The transformation between XSD and RDF (Resource Description Framework) schema representations and the use of queries over the ontology schemas for semantic mapping are demonstrated including a real-world case study.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidMottok, author = {Schmid, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Response Time Analysis of Parallel Real-Time DAG Tasks Scheduled by Thread Pools}, series = {29th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS 2021): 07.04. - 09 04 2021, Nantes, France}, booktitle = {29th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS 2021): 07.04. - 09 04 2021, Nantes, France}, editor = {Queudet, Audrey}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9781450390019}, doi = {10.1145/3453417.3453419}, pages = {173 -- 183}, abstract = {Modern high-end embedded systems nowadays have to process enormous amounts of data. In order to speed up the computations and fully exploit the resources of the underlying hardware architectures, software developers can avail parallelism frameworks such as Intel Threading Building Blocks or compiler extensions as OpenMP. They ease the development of parallel applications by providing interfaces for common parallel design patterns and by internally distributing the work among the workers of a thread pool. However, such frameworks and compiler extensions do not yet support the stringent timing requirements of real-time systems and therefore, an adaption of their computation model to the sector of real-time systems needs to be conducted. In this paper, we address the problem of scheduling parallel real-time directed acyclic graphs tasks on multiprocessor architectures where the subtasks are dispatched among and executed by the workers of a thread pool. In contrast to existing work in the state-of-the-art, we limit the maximum parallelism of real-time tasks not by the number of processors in the system, but by the number of worker threads used in the thread pool of each real-time application. For this model, we derive a worst-case response time analysis for task sets scheduled by a preemptive global fixed-priority scheduler. In order to evaluate the performance of our response time analysis, we further perform schedulability tests on generated task sets and compare the results to existing feasibility analyses in the current state-of-the-art.}, language = {en} } @article{FuhrmannMottok, author = {Fuhrmann, Thomas and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Ethical, intercultural and professional impulses integrated into a transmission systems lecture}, series = {2017 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 25-28 April 2017, Athens, Greece}, journal = {2017 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 25-28 April 2017, Athens, Greece}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2017.7942829}, pages = {92 -- 95}, abstract = {In the sixth semester of the bachelor study course "Electrical Engineering and Information Technology", a lecture "Transmission Systems" is given. It explains basic principles, circuits and systems of electrical and optical transmission systems. Short intellectual impulses, which address professional, intercultural and ethical issues of engineers' working life are integrated into this regular lecture. In each lecture unit, an impulse with one specific topic is given approximately in the middle of the lecture hour. An evaluation was done at the end of the semester, which shows that most of the students remember the discussed topics and state high interest due to high importance for their professional life. Due to these encouraging results, this concept will be developed further.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KoppKoehlerMottok, author = {Kopp, Felix and K{\"o}hler, Thorsten and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Bildgebende Verfahren zur dreidimensionalen Rekonstruktion aus Bildsequenzen basierend auf der Bundler SFM Toolchain}, series = {4. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik : Mikrosystemtechnik als Schl{\"u}sseltechnologie der Systemintegration, Tagungsband zum Symposium 12./13. M{\"a}rz 2014, Hochschule Landshut}, booktitle = {4. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik : Mikrosystemtechnik als Schl{\"u}sseltechnologie der Systemintegration, Tagungsband zum Symposium 12./13. M{\"a}rz 2014, Hochschule Landshut}, editor = {Ivanov, Artem and Bicker, Marc and Patzelt, Peter}, address = {Landshut}, isbn = {978-3-9812696-5-9}, pages = {118 -- 125}, abstract = {Vorgestellt wird der Structure from Motion (SFM)Toolchain Bundler zur Erzeugung von Punktwolken aus unkalibrierten Kameraaufnahmen und deren Optimierungsm{\"o}glichkeiten durch zeitnahe Verfahren zur Interessenpunktextraktion. Das Extrahieren markanter Punkte aus Bildern beinhaltet eines der zeitintensivsten sowie herausforderndsten Aufgaben im dreidimensionalen Rekonstruktionsprozess. Vor allem im Hinblick auf die Integration von Structure from Motion Verfahren auf eingebettete Systeme sind Rechenzeit und Speicherverbrauch von hohem Interesse. F{\"u}r dreidimensionale Rekonstruktionsalgorithmen ist das Finden akkurater Punktkorrespondenzen von hoher Priorit{\"a}t. Die Anforderungen an Punktdetektor, -deskriptor und -matcher sind dementsprechend hoch. Untersucht wurden die Ans{\"a}tze zur Interessenpunktextraktion. Hierzu geh{\"o}ren, der von der Bundler SFM Toolchain genutzte, Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) sowie Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF), Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) und Fast Retina Keypoint (FREAK). Es wird gezeigt, dass das Ersetzen von SIFT in der Toolchain vor allem durch die bin{\"a}ren Deskriptoren BRISK und FREAK zu wesentlich k{\"u}rzeren Laufzeiten f{\"u}hren kann. Dies ist vor allem f{\"u}r eingebettete Systeme mit eingeschr{\"a}nkter Rechenleistung von Bedeutung. In Bezug auf die Genauigkeit der gefundenen Punktkorrespondenzen {\"u}bertreffen sowohl FREAK als auch BRISK die nicht bin{\"a}ren Ans{\"a}tze im Anwendungsprofil. Zur Beschreibung von Interessenpunkten sind die bin{\"a}ren Ans{\"a}tze eine sinnvolle Optimierungsm{\"o}glichkeit hinsichtlich Laufzeit und Genauigkeit, w{\"a}hrend der in BRISK enthaltene Detektor nicht an die Performance der nicht bin{\"a}ren Alternativen herankommt. Insgesamt betrachtet wurden die besten Ergebnisse (Laufzeit und Genauigkeit) mit den Kombinationen SURF/FREAK und SURF/BRISK erreicht. Die evaluierten Algorithmen(SIFT,SURF,BRISK,FREAK) sollen k{\"u}nftig in der Umgebung einer kompletten 3D-Rekonstruktions-Toolchain getestet und ausgewertet werden. Hierbei ist auch auf die Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von verschiedenen Matching-Verfahren zu achten. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus sollen weitere Optimierungsm{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r Anwendungen basierend auf B{\"u}ndelausgleichung untersucht werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BayerNoebauerMottok, author = {Bayer, Michael and Noebauer, Josef and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Weiterentwicklung eines portablen OSEK-OS basierten Echtzeitbetriebssystems zu einem konfigurierbaren AUTOSAR-OS}, series = {4. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik, Mikrosystemtechnik als Schl{\"u}sseltechnologie der Systemintegration, Tagungsband zum Symposium 12./13. M{\"a}rz 2014, Hochschule Landshut}, booktitle = {4. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik, Mikrosystemtechnik als Schl{\"u}sseltechnologie der Systemintegration, Tagungsband zum Symposium 12./13. M{\"a}rz 2014, Hochschule Landshut}, address = {Landshut}, isbn = {978-3-9812696-5-9}, pages = {154 -- 161}, abstract = {AUTOSAR spezifiziert ein statisches Echtzeitbetriebssystem (AUTOSAR-OS), welches auf die Bed{\"u}rfnisse der Automobilindustrie zugeschnitten ist. Dabei stellt die AUTOSAR-OS-Spezifikation im Wesentlichen eine Weiterentwicklung von OSEK-OS dar. Die Unterschiede zu einem OSEK-OS sind im Wesentlichen eine erweiterte Programmierschnittstelle f{\"u}r Counter, Schedule Tables zur Abbildung komplexer zeitgesteuerter Abl{\"a}ufe und Stack Monitoring. Der Scheduler arbeitet priorit{\"a}tsbasiert und unterst{\"u}tzt unterbrechbare und nicht unterbrechbare Tasks. Eine Ressourcenverwaltung mit Priority Ceiling Protokoll verhindert Deadlocks und Priorit{\"a}teninversion. Tasks sind entweder als "Basic Tasks" oder "Extended Tasks" konfiguriert. Nach einer kurzen Vorstellung der OS-Spezifikation wird eine darauf basierte Architektur f{\"u}r das Betriebssystem hergeleitet. Die konkrete Implementierung ist aufgeteilt in einen konfigurationsabh{\"a}ngigen Teil und einen statischen Quellcodeteil. Der konfigurationsabh{\"a}ngige Teil wird von einem Quellcodegenerator erzeugt. Der statische Teil wird in einer Schichtenarchitektur erstellt, um eine Trennung zwischen plattformabh{\"a}ngigem und plattformunabh{\"a}ngigem Quellcode zu erreichen, da die hierf{\"u}r vorgesehene AUTOSAR-Methode nicht ausreicht. Die Portierung des OS auf eine neue Hardwareplattform zeigt, dass nur die plattormabh{\"a}ngige Quellcodeschicht des Betriebssystems ge{\"a}ndert werden muss. Bei der Validierung des Betriebssystems wurde neben einem funktionellen Test auch die Performance f{\"u}r charakteristische Aufgaben, wie beispielsweise einem Kontextwechsel, gemessen. Diese Werte werden mit einem kommerziellen, stark optimierten AUTOSAR-OS verglichen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HauserMottokGruber, author = {Hauser, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Gruber, Hans}, title = {Eye Tracking Metrics in Software Engineering}, series = {Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference of Software Engineering Education (ECSEE'18); Seeon/ Bavaria Germany, 14.06.2018 -15.06.2018}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference of Software Engineering Education (ECSEE'18); Seeon/ Bavaria Germany, 14.06.2018 -15.06.2018}, editor = {Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {9781450363839}, doi = {10.1145/3209087.3209092}, pages = {39 -- 44}, abstract = {This paper aims to provide an overview of the interdisciplinary combination of educational science, psychology, software engineering and the eye tracking methodology. The domain of software engineering is offering great potential for applied eye tracking research and in turn it can benefit from the possibilities of this upcoming technology as well. Nevertheless, software engineering has to struggle with some obstacles. These are namely the different terms, missing guidelines for experimental setups and a lack of common and standardized metrics. If eye tracking should be used in a broader way these problems must be solved. The main purpose of this paper is to list all eye tracking metrics which are relevant for software engineering and to give guidelines to help beginners by avoiding possible pitfalls.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ThomeczekAttenbergerKolbetal., author = {Thomeczek, Ludwig and Attenberger, Andreas and Kolb, Johannes and Matoušek, V{\´a}clav and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Betrachtungen zu Latenzquellen und deren Beobachtung in POSIX-Systemen am Beispiel von Container-Runtimes}, series = {Echtzeit 2019}, volume = {35}, booktitle = {Echtzeit 2019}, editor = {Unger, Herwig}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-27807-6}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-27808-3_12}, pages = {109 -- 118}, abstract = {Die am weitesten verbreiteten autonomen Systeme der Zukunft sind aller Voraussicht nach intelligente Fahrzeuge, welche selbst{\"a}ndig im Straßenverkehr navigieren und mit der Umgebung interagieren. Diese neuen Funktionen erfordern den Einsatz von performanten Mehrkernprozessoren sowie von komplexen (POSIX-kompatiblen) Betriebssystemen. Gleichzeitig erfordert der Einsatz im Automobil hohe funktionale Sicherheit (ASIL-Level), was unter anderem robuste Echtzeiteigenschaften der verwendeten Hard- und Software voraussetzt. Den Echtzeiteigenschaften steht die erh{\"o}hte Komplexit{\"a}t mit neuen Quellen f{\"u}r nichtdeterministische Latenzen gegen{\"u}ber. In diesem Paper pr{\"a}sentieren wir eine {\"U}bersicht {\"u}ber diese neuen Einflussfaktoren, und vermessen anschließend Containerlaufzeitumgebungen und deren Latenzverhalten. Wir zeigen dabei, das Netzwerkbr{\"u}cken unter Last erheblichen Einfluss (Faktor 4-5) auf die Netzwerklatenz aus{\"u}ben k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @article{FreilingGrimmGrosspietschetal., author = {Freiling, Felix and Grimm, R{\"u}diger and Großpietsch, Karl-Erwin and Keller, Hubert B. and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and M{\"u}nch, Isabel and Rannenberg, Kai and Saglietti, Francesca}, title = {Technische Sicherheit und Informationssicherheit. Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten}, series = {Informatik-Spektrum}, volume = {37}, journal = {Informatik-Spektrum}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s00287-013-0748-2}, pages = {14 -- 24}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ThomeczekAttenbergerMatoušeketal., author = {Thomeczek, Ludwig and Attenberger, Andreas and Matoušek, V{\´a}clav and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Latenzen von POSIX Betriebssystemen im Kontext von Hypervisoren in Real-Time Systemen}, series = {Echtzeit und Sicherheit - Echtzeit 2018, Fachtagung des gemeinsamen Fachausschusses Echtzeitsysteme von Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V. (GI), VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik (GMA) und Informationstechnischer Gesellschaft im VDE (ITG), Boppard, 15. und 16. November 2018}, booktitle = {Echtzeit und Sicherheit - Echtzeit 2018, Fachtagung des gemeinsamen Fachausschusses Echtzeitsysteme von Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V. (GI), VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik (GMA) und Informationstechnischer Gesellschaft im VDE (ITG), Boppard, 15. und 16. November 2018}, isbn = {978-3-662-58095-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-58096-7_11}, pages = {99 -- 108}, abstract = {Neu eingef{\"u}hrte Funktionen in der Automobilindustrie, wie zum Beispiel das autonome Fahren, erfordern den Einsatz von performanten Mehrkernprozessoren sowie von komplexen (POSIXkompatiblen) Betriebssystemen. Im Rahmen des branchenspezifischen Preisdrucks kommt es zudem zu einer Konsolidierung von Steuerger{\"a}ten. Gleichzeitig erfordert der Einsatz im Automobil hohe funktionale Sicherheit (ASIL-Level), was unter anderem robuste Echtzeiteigenschaften der verwendeten Hard- und Software voraussetzt. Als Folge dessen werden zur Trennung von harten und weichen Echtzeitsystemen auf derselben Hardware Hypervisoren eingesetzt. Dieses Paper beleuchtet die Latenzauswirkungen diverser Softwarekonfigurationen auf Hardware der n{\"a}chsten Generation mithilfe eines vorgestellten Testsetups und dessen Ergebnissen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MuchaMottokKraemer, author = {Mucha, Matthias and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Kr{\"a}mer, Stefan}, title = {Estimation of Worst Case Response Time Boundaries in Multi-Core Real-Time Systems}, series = {2017 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE), 5-6 Sept. 2017, Pilsen}, booktitle = {2017 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE), 5-6 Sept. 2017, Pilsen}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-80-261-0641-8}, issn = {1803-7232}, doi = {10.23919/ae.2017.8053598}, pages = {1 -- 6}, abstract = {We address a novel probabilistic approach to estimate the Worst Case Response Time boundaries of tasks. Multi-core real-time systems process tasks in parallel on two or more cores. Tasks in our contribution may preempt other tasks, block tasks with semaphores to access global shared resources, or migrate to another core. The depicted task behavior is random. The shape of collected response times of a task within a processing time is multimodal. Extreme Value approaches need unimodal response time distributions to estimate the Worst Case Response Time of tasks. The new proposed method derives a set of three task set shapes from the source task set. It is used to minimize the uncertainty of random task behavior by maximizing the coverage of possible Worst Case Response Times. The case study evaluates the new proposed estimation method by the use of dynamically generated random tasks with varying task properties.}, language = {en} } @article{DeBradaMottoketal., author = {De, Sangita and Brada, Premek and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Niklas, Michael}, title = {The Empirical Evaluation of Semantic Alignment Quality Metrics for Vehicle Domain Component Frameworks Interface Ontologies}, series = {FLAIRS 2021 : The 34th International FLAIRS Conference. Proceedings}, volume = {34}, journal = {FLAIRS 2021 : The 34th International FLAIRS Conference. Proceedings}, number = {1}, publisher = {LibraryPress@UF}, doi = {10.32473/flairs.v34i1.128512}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Semantic alignment of application software components' ontologies represents a great interest in vehicle application domains that manipulate heterogeneous overlapping knowledge application frameworks. In the past few years, with the growth in the novel vehicle service requirements such as autonomous driving, V2X (Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication) and many others, automotive application software component models are becoming increasingly collaborative with other qualified cross-enterprise industrial partners to accomplish these complex service requirements. The most daunting impediment to this cross-enterprise collaboration is semantic interoperability. For efficient services collaboration through cross-enterprise semantic interoperability between the vehicle application frameworks' software components, aligning the interface ontologies of these components by identifying the depth of semantic alignment relationships between the concepts of the interface ontologies is the major focus of this paper. In contrast to several existing ontology structural metrics, this work defines, evaluates and validates ontology metrics to measure the depth of semantic alignment between the vehicle domain software component frameworks' interface ontological models. To emphasize the substantial role of semantic alignment of software component frameworks' interface ontologies in semantic interoperability, a typical vehicle domain case study involving vehicle applications is considered for demonstration.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidFritzMottok, author = {Schmid, Michael and Fritz, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Fine-grained parallelism framework with predictable work-stealing for real-time multiprocessor systems}, series = {Journal of Systems Architecture}, volume = {124}, journal = {Journal of Systems Architecture}, number = {March}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.sysarc.2022.102393}, abstract = {Lately, parallel task models have received much attention in the development of real-time multiprocessor systems, as they allow highly compute-intensive tasks to have shorter deadlines which is very much required in modern reactive systems. However, missing modularity and portability can make parallel programming a cumbersome endeavor. As a consequence, compute-intensive sectors in the desktop and server segment have relied on parallelism frameworks such as Intel Threading Building Blocks, Cilk and OpenMP. These parallelism frameworks, however, are optimized for decent average case performance and consequently, do not meet the strict requirements imposed by real-time systems. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept parallelism framework which was implemented in particular for soft real-time systems and having tight timing and safety requirements of such critical systems in mind. The proposed runtime system implements static memory allocation in a work-stealing environment that conforms to the strict space and tight probabilistic time bounds of work-stealing schedulers. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of this framework by conducting multiprogrammed benchmarks on a real-time embedded multicore architecture.}, language = {en} } @article{JosephSchummRummeletal., author = {Joseph, Saskia and Schumm, Michael and Rummel, Otmar and Soska, Alexander and Renschke, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Niemetz, Michael and Schroll-Decker, Irmgard}, title = {Teaching finite state machines with case method and role play}, series = {2014 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2014) : Istanbul, Turkey, 3 - 5 April 2014}, journal = {2014 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2014) : Istanbul, Turkey, 3 - 5 April 2014}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/EduCon.2013.6530275}, pages = {1302 -- 1305}, abstract = {The professional requirements in Software Engineering have become highly volatile due to the complexities of project development and rapid and innovative changes occurring in the field. Therefore, the development of inter-personal and social competences has gained central importance in the training of software developers. This paper will present a concept allowing to acquire competences by using Case Method and Role Play as instruments in several lectures of Software Engineering. By approaching the issue of competence acquisition on a technical as well as on an educational and social level, life-long learning is facilitated and supported.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PozzobonRennerMottoketal., author = {Pozzobon, Enrico and Renner, Sebastian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Matoušek, V{\´a}clav}, title = {An optimized Bitsliced Masked Adder for ARM Thumb-2 Controllers}, series = {27th International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE): Sep 6, 2022 - Sep 7, 2022, Pilsen, Czech Republic}, booktitle = {27th International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE): Sep 6, 2022 - Sep 7, 2022, Pilsen, Czech Republic}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/AE54730.2022.9919884}, pages = {4}, abstract = {The modular addition is used as a non-linear operation in ARX ciphers because it achieves the requirement of introducing non-linearity in a cryptographic primitive while only taking one clock cycle to execute on most modern architectures. This makes ARX ciphers especially fast in software implementations, but comes at the cost of making it harder to protect against side-channel information leakages using Boolean masking: the best known 2-shares masked adder for ARM Thumb micro-controllers takes 83 instructions to add two 32-bit numbers together. Our approach is to operate in bitsliced mode, performing 32 additions in parallel on a 32-bit microcontroller. We show that, even after taking into account the cost of bitslicing before and after the encryption, it is possible to achieve a higher throughput on the tested ciphers (CRAX and ChaCha20) when operating in bitsliced mode. Furthermore, we prove that no first-order information leakage is happening in either simulated power traces and power traces acquired from real hardware, after sufficient countermeasures are put into place to guard against pipeline leakages.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LaloSailerMottoketal., author = {Lalo, Erjola and Sailer, Andreas and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Siemers, Christian}, title = {Overhead-Aware Schedule Synthesis for Logical Execution Time (LET) in Automotive Systems}, series = {2022 IEEE 35th International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC): 05-08 September 2022, Belfast, United Kingdom}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE 35th International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC): 05-08 September 2022, Belfast, United Kingdom}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-1-6654-5985-3}, doi = {10.1109/SOCC56010.2022.9908103}, pages = {1 -- 6}, abstract = {The Logical Execution Time (LET) has recently been integrated in multi-core automotive systems to ensure timing and dataflow determinism. Although buffering mechanisms are introduced to incorporate LET semantics, they do not guarantee that tasks are executed within their LET frames. In fact, LET and buffering semantics are violated if scheduling is not designed to execute all tasks within their LET frames and in a specific order. In this paper, we describe a scheduling synthesis technique for Fixed-Priority Scheduling (FPS) to achieve resource-efficient execution of LET systems. The proposed approach considers LET semantics, scheduling overheads, and delays caused by operating system operations and provides the possibility to optimize the schedule with respect to aspects like scheduling overheads. Our performance and feasibility evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm provides results in a reasonable amount of time for models of complex industrial applications. Thus, the integration of the proposed algorithm into an automated process is of high benefit to accelerate the development of vehicle applications.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FrauenschlaegerMottok, author = {Frauenschl{\"a}ger, Tobias and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Security-Gateway for SCADA-Systems in Critical Infrastructures}, series = {27th International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE): 06-07 September 2022, Pilsen, CZ}, booktitle = {27th International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE): 06-07 September 2022, Pilsen, CZ}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/AE54730.2022.9920070}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are used to control and monitor components within the energy grid, playing a significant role in the stability of the system. As a part of critical infrastructures, components in these systems have to fulfill a variety of different requirements regarding their dependability and must also undergo strict audit procedures in order to comply with all relevant standards. This results in a slow adoption of new functionalities. Due to the emerged threat of cyberattacks against critical infrastructures, extensive security measures are needed within these systems to protect them from adversaries and ensure a stable operation. In this work, a solution is proposed to integrate extensive security measures into current systems. By deploying additional security-gateways into the communication path between two nodes, security features can be integrated transparently for the existing components. The developed security-gateway is compliant to all regulatory requirements and features an internal architecture based on the separation-of-concerns principle to increase its security and longevity. The viability of the proposed solution has been verified in different scenarios, consisting of realistic field tests, security penetration tests and various performance evaluations.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidMottok, author = {Schmid, Michael and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Investigation of Scheduling Algorithms for DAG. Tasks through Simulations}, series = {ERTS 2022, 11th European Congress Embedded Real Time Systems: 1-2 June, Toulouse, France}, booktitle = {ERTS 2022, 11th European Congress Embedded Real Time Systems: 1-2 June, Toulouse, France}, pages = {9}, abstract = {In the real-time systems sector, various task models and corresponding tests exist to model and verify the schedulability of task sets on the system at hand. While those models and schedulability tests have intensively been studied from a theoretical point of view, it is hard to ma e use of them to compare the actual execution behavior of scheduling algorithms on a real system. In contrast to schedulability tests, simulators can help to investigate the performance of specific scheduling algorithms. One of the most generalized task models to describe parallel tasks is the Directed Acyclic Graph model that allows to represent tasks as a series of subtasks that depict the potentially parallel computations and precedence constraints that denote the order in which the subtasks are allowed to execute. In this paper, we investigate various scheduling algorithms for the Directed Acyclic Graph model. For that, we first recapitulate the examined scheduling algorithms in detail and point out relevant differences. Subsequently, we present the evaluation of different global and federated scheduling algorithms using fine-grained parallel tasks. To this end, we generate random Directed Acyclic Graph tasks and simulate their execution on multiprocessor systems using scheduling algorithms such as global rate-monotonic and semi-federated scheduling as well as global scheduling policies using the thread pool model.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GrabingerHauserMottok, author = {Grabinger, Lisa and Hauser, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Accessing the Presentation of Causal Graphs and an Application of Gestalt Principles with Eye Tracking}, series = {2022 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER 2022), 1st Workshop on Advances in Human-Centric Experiments in Software Engineering (HUMAN 2022): 15-18 March 2022, Honolulu, HI, USA}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER 2022), 1st Workshop on Advances in Human-Centric Experiments in Software Engineering (HUMAN 2022): 15-18 March 2022, Honolulu, HI, USA}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/SANER53432.2022.00153}, pages = {1278 -- 1285}, abstract = {The discipline of causal inference uses so-called causal graphs to model cause and effect relations of random variables. As those graphs only encode a relation structure there is no hard rule concerning their alignment. The present paper presents a study with the aim of working out the optimal alignment of causal graphs with respect to comprehensibility and interestingness. In addition, the study examines whether the central gestalt principles of psychology apply for causal graphs. Data from 29 participants is acquired by triangulating eye tracking with a questionnaire. The results of the study suggest that causal graphs should be aligned downwards. Moreover, the gestalt principles proximity, similarity and closure are shown to hold true for causal graphs.}, language = {en} }