@inproceedings{SchweibererRauchBrueckl, author = {Schweiberer, Philipp and Rauch, Johannes and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver}, title = {Entwicklung eines Regelkonzeptes f{\"u}r einen optimierten Blindleistungsabruf auf Basis von Blindleistungspotentialanalysen bei Industriebetrieben im Mittelspannungsnetz}, series = {Tagungsband Tagung Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze 26./27. Januar 2022 (online)}, booktitle = {Tagungsband Tagung Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze 26./27. Januar 2022 (online)}, publisher = {Conexio-PSE GmbH}, address = {Pforzheim}, isbn = {978-3-948176-16-7}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-5870}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-58704}, pages = {224 -- 233}, abstract = {Im Zuge der Energiewende ergibt sich ein Wandel in der Struktur des Elektrizit{\"a}tsversorgungsnetzes. Die Verschiebung der Erzeugungsleistung von konventionellen Großkraftwerken in h{\"o}heren Netzebenen hin zu dezentralen erneuerbaren Energieanlagen in niedrigeren Netzebenen resultiert sowohl in bidirektionalen Lastfl{\"u}ssen als auch in schwankenden Einspeisecharakteristiken. Des Weiteren folgen durch den Wegfall von Großkraftwerken als Blindleistungsquellen Leistungsdefizite in der {\"U}bertragungsnetzebene, die kompensiert werden m{\"u}ssen. Daraus resultieren Herausforderungen an einen sicheren und zuverl{\"a}ssigen Betrieb der Verteil- und {\"U}bertragungsnetze. Neue Konzepte m{\"u}ssen f{\"u}r die Erbringung von Blindleistung entwickelt werden, es soll mehr Blindleistung aus dem Verteilungsnetz zur Verf{\"u}gung gestellt werden, um die Systemstabilit{\"a}t zu wahren. Im Rahmen des Projektes Q-Integral wird das Thema „Blindleistung" (Q) ganzheitlich untersucht. Es werden dazu verschiedene Erbringungsoptionen f{\"u}r Blindleistung hinsichtlich technischer und wirtschaftlicher Potentiale untersucht, die in ein funktionales und effizientes Blindleistungsmanagement eingebracht werden. Die Untersuchungsans{\"a}tze daf{\"u}r sind sowohl spannungsebenen-{\"u}bergreifend als auch netzbetreiber-{\"u}bergreifend. Ein Ansatzpunkt des Projektes ist die Betrachtung der Blindleistungsbereitstellung von Industriebetrieben. Dazu wird das Potential von Betrieben, die an das Verteilnetz angeschlossen sind und Blindleistung durch Kompensations- oder Erzeugungsanlagen bereitstellen k{\"o}nnen, untersucht. Ziel ist es, das gesicherte und maximale induktive sowie kapazitive Potential zu bestimmen. Das gesicherte kapazitive Potential kann genutzt werden, um Aussagen dar{\"u}ber zu treffen, wie stark dem Spannungsfall im vorgelagerten Netz zu Starklastzeiten entgegengewirkt werden kann. Anhand des gesicherten induktiven Potentials kann ein Spannungsanstieg w{\"a}hrend Schwachlastzeiten ausgeglichen werden kann. In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt Q-Integral vorgestellt. Dazu werden zuerst die Berechnungsgrundlagen der induktiven und kapazitiven Blindleistungspotentiale aufgezeigt und die Ergebnisse der Berechnungen vorgestellt. Die gewonnen Ergebnisse entstammen aus Messungen an einem Industriebetrieb mit Blindleistungskompensationsanlagen (BKA), den entsprechenden Reglern der Anlagen und einer installierten Kompensationsleistung von 1600 kvar. Sowohl die Lastg{\"a}nge als auch das Schaltverhalten der einzelnen Kompensationsanlagen liegen den Berechnungen zugrunde. Um den Austausch der Blindleistung an der {\"U}bergabestelle des Betriebs zum Mittelspannungsnetz netzdienlich einzustellen, bedarf es eines geeigneten Regelkonzepts, das neben den BKAs auch weitere Q-Quellen ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Deshalb wird abschließend ein Regelkonzept vorgestellt, das den technisch-optimierten Blindleistungsabruf unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung mehrerer Blindleistungsquellen behandelt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RauchBruecklEngel, author = {Rauch, Johannes and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver and Engel, Bernd}, title = {Analysis and optimization of the steady state voltage deviation demand for reactive power planning using installed reactive power sources}, series = {NEIS 2022; Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, 26-27 September 2022, Hamburg}, booktitle = {NEIS 2022; Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, 26-27 September 2022, Hamburg}, editor = {Schulz, Detlef}, publisher = {VDE-Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-5983-5}, issn = {2510-6902}, pages = {175 -- 182}, abstract = {The provision of reactive power is one option for maintaining the grid voltage, that is defined as an ancillary service in Germany. This paper presents an approach for determining deficient voltage deviation demands within an electrical grid for long term reactive power planning investigations. In contrast to previous approaches, which evaluate the Q-behavior of extended ward elements or grid assets, voltage deviations are analyzed bus-specifically. So further reactive power planning investigations are able to scale and optimize additional reactive power sources directly on planning voltage limits using load flow sensitivity techniques. The focus lies on the analysis of the steady state demand at base case conditions. Therefore, a grid planning process is conceptualized. An optimal power flow algorithm based on Differential Evolution is used for an optimal reactive power dispatch of installed reactive power sources, e. g. reactive power compensation systems or (renewable) energy sources to minimize the total voltage deviation according to voltage limits of Transmission System Operators planning principles. Methodological and processuals specifications as well as an application use case with an exemplary transmission system are presented in this paper.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchweibererRauchBrueckl, author = {Schweiberer, Philipp and Rauch, Johannes and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver}, title = {Long-term analysis of industrial reactive power potentials with consideration of plant-internal grid restrictions using the example of an industrial plant in a distribution grid}, series = {NEIS 2022; Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, 26-27 September 2022, Hamburg}, booktitle = {NEIS 2022; Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, 26-27 September 2022, Hamburg}, editor = {Schulz, Detlef}, publisher = {VDE-Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-5983-5}, issn = {2510-6902}, pages = {51 -- 56}, abstract = {Since conventional generation plants provide a considerable share of reactive power but are gradually being shut down due to energy transition, leading to power deficits at the transmission grid level, new concepts for the supply of reactive power must be developed. As one possibility for the latter, industrial plants in the distribution grid are considered suitable, as their reactive power potentials can contribute to voltage maintenance and thus to a grid- or system-serving behavior. In this paper, the determination of reactive power potentials provided by industrial compensation systems (ICS) is presented. An industrial plant in the medium voltage grid, with three installed ICSs, is investigated. The potentials are determined and described based on their time characteristics, which provide information about the occurrence and distribution of inductive and capacitive potentials. A grid simulation of the investigated industrial grid is used to analyze the effects of retrieving the reactive power potentials regarding equipment utilizations and voltage limits.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HinterreiterBruecklRauch, author = {Hinterreiter, Marion and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver and Rauch, Johannes}, title = {Methodology for long-term reactive power forecasts of medium-voltage grids}, series = {NEIS 2025 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg, September 15 - 16, 2025}, booktitle = {NEIS 2025 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg, September 15 - 16, 2025}, editor = {Schulz, Detlef}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, isbn = {978-3-8007-6633-8}, pages = {218 -- 223}, abstract = {Understanding and assessing the long-term behavior of reactive power is crucial for power system planning and invest-ment decisions. This is particularly growing relevant for the lower voltage-grid levels, which are gaining importance due to significant changes in grid behavior, operational strategies, energy generation and consumption patterns. Currently, standardized methodologies for forecasting reactive power in medium-voltage grids are lacking, creating a gap in research and practical applications. To optimize grid investments and expansions, informed decisions based on reliable research and accurate forecasts are essential. This paper presents a methodology for long-term reactive power forecasting in me-dium-voltage grids, introducing a new approach to account for low- and medium-voltage grid interactions while address-ing common challenges like limited available grid data and scenario framework definition. The aim of the forecast is the future reactive power behaviour of a medium-voltage-grid at the high-voltage side of the high-voltage to medium-voltage transformer. The medium-voltage-level is modelled using a grid model approach, while low-voltage grids are being mod-elled using generic distribution grids. A 209-bus medium-voltage-grid model is used as an application example and to provide two exemplary use cases for a reactive power forecast for 2045.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HinterreiterBruecklRauch, author = {Hinterreiter, Marion and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver and Rauch, Johannes}, title = {Challenges and Approaches for Long-Term Reactive Power Forecasting in Power Systems}, series = {PESS 2025 - IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit, October 08 - 10, 2025 in Munich, Germany}, booktitle = {PESS 2025 - IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit, October 08 - 10, 2025 in Munich, Germany}, editor = {Technische Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen,}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, isbn = {978-3-8007-6656-7}, pages = {109 -- 114}, abstract = {The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is driving profound changes across all voltage levels of the electrical grid, altering active power (P) as well as reactive power (Q) behavior. This transformation involves a shift from predominantly top-down, unidirectional electricity flows to bidirectional and increasingly complex flow patterns, fundamentally altering the operation and utilization of power systems. Many countries are already reporting notable changes in their transmission grid Q. This can lead to increased costs for grid expansion and compensation equipment, as well as grid losses. To minimize these losses and ensure grid stability and efficiency, understanding and forecasting Q long-term becomes essential. This paper addresses the challenges of long-term (1-20 years) Q forecasting in general by analyzing Q behavior in grids, the main influencing grid parameters, and reviewing existing forecasting approaches. It evaluates the applicability of these approaches and highlights current research gaps and trends. By focusing on this underexplored area, the paper aims to support the development of more advanced and reliable long-term Q forecasting techniques.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RauchBruecklEngel, author = {Rauch, Johannes and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver and Engel, Bernd}, title = {Optimal Reactive Power Planning by covering deficient voltage demands with additional reactive power sources using a sensitivity approach}, series = {NEIS 2023 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg, September 4 - 5, 2023}, booktitle = {NEIS 2023 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg, September 4 - 5, 2023}, editor = {Schulz, Detlef,}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-6134-0}, pages = {223 -- 230}, abstract = {The determination of the optimal location, types and size of additional required reactive power sources is a main interest of Reactive Power Planning (RPP) investigations and of this paper. The planning problem addresses the maintenance of voltage stability, which is an ancillary service in Germany, and can be formulated as a mixed-integer optimization prob-lem. The aim of this work is a techno-economically efficient coverage of the deficient steady state voltage deviation demands (VDD) by placing new reactive power sources with adequate size or extending the reactive power potential of existing sources. An optimization model is set up to solve the planning problem by using load flow voltage sensitivities, which quantify and evaluate the technical efficiency of new reactive power sources in relation to the present voltage deviation demands. Operating and investment costs are used as economic decision parameters. Within an application example, which is carried out with an exemplary transmission system, the solution of the planning problem is discussed.}, language = {en} }