@article{HauslerHolznerEhrnspergeretal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Holzner, Lukas and Ehrnsperger, Matthias and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Evaluation of the creep strength of samples produced by fused deposition modeling}, series = {Open Engineering}, volume = {14}, journal = {Open Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, doi = {10.1515/eng-2024-0084}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79760}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Data sheets for 3D printing materials typically include softening temperature, impact strength, tensile strength, and stiffness. However, creep strength, an important parameter for components used over an extended period, is usually not included. Nevertheless, this parameter is of significant importance for components that are used over an extended period of time.This study compares the long-term creep behavior of a selection of materials that are commonly used in fused deposition modeling 3D printing. The materials under investigation are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, polylactic acid, and polycarbonate. In addition, the influence of fiber reinforcements on these materials is also examined. A simple, reproducible test procedure is proposed for users to determine and compare creep resistance of materials. This enables developers to select materials suitable for their own requirements on creep resistance and allows 3D-printing users to compare different materials. Results suggest that fiber reinforcement generally improves creep stability in 3D-printing materials, with GreenTEC Pro Carbon and add:north PC Blend HT LCF showing the most promise in this study.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauslerJobstFischeretal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Jobst, Simon and Fischer, Johannes and Roth, Carina and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Homogeneous Light Source for Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging}, series = {PHOTOPTICS 2020: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology, Valletta, Malta, February 27-29, 2020}, booktitle = {PHOTOPTICS 2020: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology, Valletta, Malta, February 27-29, 2020}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}, doi = {10.5220/0009168701630167}, pages = {163 -- 167}, abstract = {We describe how to build a homogeneous light source for Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) which mainly finds its applications in pharmaceutical screening and biotechnology so far. SPR spectroscopy is a label-free, non-destructive and highly sensitive measurement principle for detecting changes in the refractive index in close vicinity of a gold surface. A transfer of this technology to a miniaturized sensor will broaden the range of possible applications. Commercial SPR assays are mainly working with a small number of sensing spots. In contrast, the SPR imaging system shown here will allow the use of an array of many sensing spots. In combination with chemical receptors designed as an artificial nose or an electronic tongue, the simultaneous detection of many analytes is envisioned. So far, lasers or other inhomogeneous light sources were used to illuminate the sensing surface, which is decreasing the systems sensitivity. We show a compact ( 300mm2) homogeneous top hat profile. The combination of a high bit-resolution camera with our new light source enables a reflectivity based surface plasmon resonance imaging system with a high refractive index unit (RIU) resolution.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RothHauslerBierl, author = {Roth, Carina and Hausler, Peter and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Einbindung eines 2D-Photodetektors in einen hochintegrierten SPR-Imaging-Sensor}, series = {118. Jahrestagung der deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r angewandte Optik (DGaO), 6.-10. Juni 2017, Dresden}, booktitle = {118. Jahrestagung der deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r angewandte Optik (DGaO), 6.-10. Juni 2017, Dresden}, abstract = {Mit der Oberfl{\"a}chenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie (SPR) k{\"o}nnen Brechungsindex{\"a}nderungen eines Analyten von bis zu 10-6 RIU detektiert werden. Das SPR-Imaging bietet heute gegen{\"u}ber der konventionellen SPR-Analyse die M{\"o}glichkeit, mehrere einzelne Messungen parallel durchf{\"u}hren zu k{\"o}nnen. Mit Hilfe eines zweidimensionalen Sensorchips und einer leistungsf{\"a}higen Boardlevelkamera k{\"o}nnen die Abbildungen des Chips direkt an einen Rechner {\"u}bertragen und dort verarbeitet werden. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Winkelstellungen und der Geometrie des Aufbaus entstehen Stauchungen und Streckungen des abgebildeten Sensorchips, die mit verschiedenen Ans{\"a}tzen aus der Bildverarbeitung ausgeglichen werden, um die Bilder miteinander vergleichen zu k{\"o}nnen. Zudem wird die G{\"u}te der Referenz- und Messbereiche des Chips bestimmt. Diese Algorithmen sind nur m{\"o}glich aufgrund der heutigen, leistungsf{\"a}higen Rechner und der immer gr{\"o}ßer werdenden Durchsatzraten der Kameras. Dabei kommt in dieser Anwendung der relativ neue Kamerastandard USB3 Vision zum Einsatz. Dieser zeichnet sich zus{\"a}tzlich durch das Plug and Play und seinen Standardstecker, der an (fast) jedem Rechner vorhanden ist, aus.}, language = {de} } @misc{HauslerRothVitzthumeckeretal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Roth, Carina and Vitzthumecker, Thomas and Fischer, Johannes and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Motionless SPR-angle scan with a miniaturized device}, series = {Europtrode XIV, Naples, 25-28 March 2018}, journal = {Europtrode XIV, Naples, 25-28 March 2018}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HollerHauslerRothetal., author = {Holler, Sven and Hausler, Peter and Roth, Carina and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Gestapelte Au-Al-Au und Au-Ag-Au Schichten als aktive Schichten f{\"u}r die Oberfl{\"a}chenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie}, series = {5. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik, M{\"a}rz 2016}, booktitle = {5. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik, M{\"a}rz 2016}, publisher = {Fachhochschule Landshut}, address = {Landshut}, isbn = {978-3-9812696-9-7}, pages = {192 -- 198}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RothHauslerBierl, author = {Roth, Carina and Hausler, Peter and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Einbindung eines CMOS-Detektors in einen hochintegrierten SPR-Sensor}, series = {5. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik, M{\"a}rz 2016}, booktitle = {5. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik, M{\"a}rz 2016}, publisher = {Fachhochschule Landshut}, address = {Landshut}, isbn = {78-3-9812696-9-7}, pages = {200 -- 205}, language = {de} } @article{WunderlichHauslerMaerkletal., author = {Wunderlich, Lukas and Hausler, Peter and Maerkl, Susanne and Bierl, Rudolf and Hirsch, Thomas}, title = {Nanoparticle Determination in Water by LED-Excited Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging}, series = {Chemosensors}, volume = {9}, journal = {Chemosensors}, number = {7}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2227-9040}, doi = {10.3390/chemosensors9070175}, pages = {1 -- 9}, abstract = {The increasing popularity of nanoparticles in many applications has led to the fact that these persistent materials pollute our environment and threaten our health. An online sensor system for monitoring the presence of nanoparticles in fresh water would be highly desired. We propose a label-free sensor based on SPR imaging. The sensitivity was enhanced by a factor of about 100 by improving the detector by using a high-resolution camera. This revealed that the light source also needed to be improved by using LED excitation instead of a laser light source. As a receptor, different self-assembled monolayers have been screened. It can be seen that the nanoparticle receptor interaction is of a complex nature. The best system when taking sensitivity as well as reversibility into account is given by a dodecanethiol monolayer on the gold sensor surface. Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles, 29 nm in diameter and with a similar refractive index to the most common silica nanoparticles were detected in water down to 1.5 mu g mL(-1). The sensor can be fully regenerated within one hour without the need for any washing buffer. This sensing concept is expected to be easily adapted for the detection of nanoparticles of different size, shape, and composition, and upon miniaturization, suitable for long-term applications to monitor the quality of water.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauslerRothVitzthumeckeretal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Roth, Carina and Vitzthumecker, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Miniaturized Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensor Systems}, series = {Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology 2018}, booktitle = {Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology 2018}, editor = {Ribeiro, Paulo and Raposo, Maria}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-30112-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-30113-2_8}, pages = {169 -- 195}, abstract = {Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a well-known and established technology in bioanalysis and pharmaceutical sciences. Due to the expensive instrumentation and the need of trained people, it is mainly limited to applications in laboratories. However, there are some areas like environmental monitoring, chemical processing and civil infrastructure, which urgently need new sensor technologies. SPR has the potential to serve these fields. In order to be qualified for a use in these areas SPR has to overcome some hurdles. The instrumentation has to be robust, small in size and cheap. A device, which fits these needs, will be a micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) with integrated intelligent algorithms. In this book chapter, examples of miniaturized SPR devices are introduced, the limitations which have to be overcome as well as the possibilities for future applications are proposed. Due to the manifold advantages of this technology and the dropping prices for imaging sensors, Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) might become one of the leading technologies for SPR smart sensor systems.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauslerWunderlichFischeretal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Wunderlich, Lukas and Fischer, Johannes and Pfab, Christina and Heckscher, Simon and Hirsch, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Surface plasmon resonance imaging for detection of drug metabolites in water}, series = {Proceedings of SPIE, Optical Sensors 2019, 1 - 4 April 2019, Prague, Czech Republic}, volume = {Vol. 11028}, booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE, Optical Sensors 2019, 1 - 4 April 2019, Prague, Czech Republic}, issn = {0277-786X}, doi = {10.1117/12.2522324}, pages = {11}, abstract = {The analysis of surface water, groundwater, drinking water as well as sewage is important to get information about the contamination of the water cycle. Currently, these time-consuming investigations require special equipment, like for example hyphenated mass spectrometry. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a faster alternative as it is highly sensitive to changes in the dielectric medium next to a thin metal layer and makes it a quasi-universal detector. Therefore, and due to the labelfree nature, SPR is a widely used sensing tool for real-time monitoring of molecular interactions of various analytes. SPR imaging (SPRi) has several advantages to standard surface plasmon resonance, as it allows to observe many analytes in parallel as well as the integration of referencing technologies. However, the homogenous illumination of a large area (several millimeters) with a small light source is challenging and demands new approaches. Allopurinol, a drug used to lower the blood concentration of urate and hence decrease the affection of gout, gets metabolized to oxipurinol in the body and dropped out almost entirely by urinary excretion. After wastewater treatment, concentrations of oxipurinol up to 21.7 μg•L-1 are detected. Further tracking of oxipurinol in the urban water cycle showed its presence in rivers and streams or even in groundwater. Therefore, the high biological stability of oxipurinol allows this molecule to be used as a marker for domestic wastewater in the environment. For the detection of oxipurinol by SPR graphene was used as receptive layer, as the analyte can bind via π-stacking to this surface. An SPRi technique was developed and compared to conventional SPR system for the detection of oxipurinol.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauslerRothAumeretal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Roth, Carina and Aumer, F. and Vitzthumecker, Thomas and Genslein, Christa and Hirsch, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Miniaturisiertes Sensorsystem zur Oberfl{\"a}chenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie}, series = {118. Jahrestagung der deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r angewandte Optik (DGaO), 6.-10. Juni 2017, Dresden}, booktitle = {118. Jahrestagung der deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r angewandte Optik (DGaO), 6.-10. Juni 2017, Dresden}, abstract = {Die Oberfl{\"a}chenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie (SPR) wird aufgrund ihrer Vorz{\"u}ge der zerst{\"o}rungs- und markierungsfreien Messung, sowie der hohen Sensitivit{\"a}t sehr erfolgreich im Labormaßstab eingesetzt. Aufgrund der hohen Kosten geschieht dies bislang haupts{\"a}chlich in der Bioanalytik und dem Wirkstoffscreening. Gezeigt wird ein Ansatz, mit dem diese Technologie auf ein ultrakompaktes, kosteng{\"u}nstiges Sensorsystem {\"u}bertragen wird, welches in der Lage ist, hoch-sensitiv {\"A}nderungen im Brechungsindex von 10-6 Einheiten (RIU) zu detektieren. F{\"u}r Wasser bewirkt eine Temperaturschwankung von 1 K bereits eine {\"A}nderung von 1 mRIU. Daher wird durch ein integriertes Referenzsystem, sowie die Miniaturisierung erreicht, dass das System gegen{\"u}ber Temperaturschwankungen, weitestgehend stabil ist. In dem MOEMS wird anstatt der konventionellen 1-Punkt bzw. 2-Punkt Messung ein bildgebendes Verfahren angewendet. Die Sensorfl{\"a}che von 15 x 15 mm wird dabei mit einem handels{\"u}blichen 4 Mio. Pixel CMOS Sensor ausgewertet. Um verl{\"a}ssliche Datenpunkte zu erhalten ben{\"o}tigt man eine Fl{\"a}che von 10 x 10 Pixel. Demzufolge k{\"o}nnen auf dem Sensor theoretisch bis zu 40.000 Sensorspots parallel ausgewertet werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HauslerGensleinRothetal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Genslein, Christa and Roth, Carina and Vitzthumecker, Thomas and Hirsch, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Miniaturized Surface Plasmon Resonance based Sensor System}, series = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology - PHOTOPTICS, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology - PHOTOPTICS, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal}, publisher = {SciTePress}, isbn = {978-989-758-286-8}, doi = {10.5220/0006555400630066}, pages = {63 -- 66}, abstract = {We describe the miniaturization of the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology which mainly finds its applications in pharmaceutical screening and biotechnology so far. SPR spectroscopy is a label-free, non-destructive and highly sensitive measurement principle detecting changes in the refractive index in striking distance to a gold surface. A transfer of this technology to a miniaturized sensor will broaden the range of possible applications. A promising feature which is included in the miniaturized system is the angle-dependent recording of the SPR signals without moving parts. Commercial SPR assays are mainly working with a small number of sensing spots. In contrast, the SPR imaging system shown here will allow to use an array of many sensing spots. In combination with chemical receptors designed as an artificial nose, the simultaneous detection of many analytes is envisioned for future applications.}, language = {en} } @article{GensleinHauslerKirchneretal., author = {Genslein, Christa and Hausler, Peter and Kirchner, Eva-Maria and Bierl, Rudolf and Baeumner, Antje J. and Hirsch, Thomas}, title = {Graphene-enhanced plasmonic nanohole arrays for environmental sensing in aqueous samples}, series = {Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology}, journal = {Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology}, number = {7}, doi = {10.3762/bjnano.7.150}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:355-epub-398623}, pages = {1564 -- 1573}, abstract = {The label-free nature of surface plasmon resonance techniques (SPR) enables a fast, specific, and sensitive analysis of molecular interactions. However, detection of highly diluted concentrations and small molecules is still challenging. It is shown here that in contrast to continuous gold films, gold nanohole arrays can significantly improve the performance of SPR devices in angle-dependent measurement mode, as a signal amplification arises from localized surface plasmons at the nanostructures. This leads consequently to an increased sensing capability of molecules bound to the nanohole array surface. Furthermore, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sensor surface was layered over the nanohole array. Reduced graphene oxide is a 2D nanomaterial consisting of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms and is an attractive receptor surface for SPR as it omits any bulk phase and therefore allows fast response times. In fact, it was found that nanohole arrays demonstrated a higher shift in the resonance angle of 250-380\% compared to a continuous gold film. At the same time the nanohole array structure as characterized by its diameter-to-periodicity ratio had minimal influence on the binding capacity of the sensor surface. As a simple and environmentally highly relevant model, binding of the plasticizer diethyl phthalate (DEP) via π-stacking was monitored on the rGO gold nanohole array realizing a limit of detection of as low as 20 nM. The concentration-dependent signal change was studied with the best performing rGO-modified nanohole arrays. Compared to continuous gold films a diameter-to-periodicity ratio (D/P) of 0.43 lead to a 12-fold signal enhancement. Finally, the effect of environmental waters on the sensor was evaluated using samples from sea, lake and river waters spiked with analytically relevant amounts of DEP during which significant changes in the SPR signal are observed. It is expected that this concept can be successfully transferred to enhance the sensitivity in SPR sensors.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauslerGensleinRothetal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Genslein, Christa and Roth, Carina and Hirsch, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Mikro-Opto-Elektro-Mechanisches Sensorsystem zur Oberfl{\"a}chenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie}, series = {MikroSystemTechnik Kongress 2017 : MEMS, Mikroelektronik, Systeme 23.-25. Oktober 2017 in M{\"u}nchen}, booktitle = {MikroSystemTechnik Kongress 2017 : MEMS, Mikroelektronik, Systeme 23.-25. Oktober 2017 in M{\"u}nchen}, number = {CD-ROM}, publisher = {VDE-Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4491-6}, pages = {645 -- 647}, abstract = {Gezeigt wird die Miniaturisierung eines Messsystems f{\"u}r Oberfl{\"a}chenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie (SPR), einer markierungs-, sowie zerst{\"o}rungsfreien als auch hoch sensitiven Technologie. Aufgrund der hohen Kosten klassischer SPR-Ger{\"a}te wird sie bisher jedoch vornehmlich in der Bio- und Medizintechnik eingesetzt. Das Messprinzip erm{\"o}glicht die Erfassung von Brechungsindex{\"a}nderungen nahe einer Oberfl{\"a}che. Der Transfer dieser Technologie von Laborger{\"a}ten hin zu einem miniaturisierten Sensorsystem senkt die Kosten, macht das System robuster und erm{\"o}glicht so ein wesentlich breiteres Anwendungsspektrum. Ein sehr vielversprechendes Merkmal des hier vorgestellten Systems ist die M{\"o}glichkeit den SPR-Effekt winkelabh{\"a}ngig zur Lichtquelle ohne bewegliche Bauteile zu verfolgen. The miniaturization of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology, which mainly finds its applications in pharmaceutical screening and biotechnology so far, is described. SPR spectroscopy is a label-free, non destructive and highly sensitive measurement principle which is capable of detecting changes in the refractive index in striking distance to a gold surface. A transfer of this technology to a miniaturized sensor will broaden the range of possible applications. A promising feature which is included in the miniaturized system is the angle-dependent recording of the SPR signals without moving parts.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HauslerHollerHirschetal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Holler, Sven and Hirsch, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {High integrated miniaturized sensor based on Surface Plasmon Resonance}, series = {International Biosensor Conference, 11th Workshop on Biosensors \& Bioanalytical Microtechniques in Environmental, Food \& Clinical Analysis, BBMEC 11, 26.-30. September 2015, Regensburg, Germany}, booktitle = {International Biosensor Conference, 11th Workshop on Biosensors \& Bioanalytical Microtechniques in Environmental, Food \& Clinical Analysis, BBMEC 11, 26.-30. September 2015, Regensburg, Germany}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HauslerHollerHirschetal., author = {Hausler, Peter and Holler, Sven and Hirsch, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf}, title = {Miniaturisierte Oberfl{\"a}chenplasmonenresonanz Sensorplattform}, series = {MEMS, Mikroelektronik, Systeme, MikroSystemTechnik Kongress 2015, 26.- 28. Oktober 2015, Karlsruhe, proceedings}, booktitle = {MEMS, Mikroelektronik, Systeme, MikroSystemTechnik Kongress 2015, 26.- 28. Oktober 2015, Karlsruhe, proceedings}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4100-7}, language = {de} }