@inproceedings{RiegerMuehlbauerWeberetal., author = {Rieger, Anna and M{\"u}hlbauer, Christian and Weber, Rainer and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Measures to Address the Dissonance Perception of Multiple Tonal Components in Sounds}, series = {DAGA 2019 - 45. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 18.-21. M{\"a}rz 2019, Rostock}, volume = {45}, booktitle = {DAGA 2019 - 45. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 18.-21. M{\"a}rz 2019, Rostock}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Akustik e.V.}, pages = {375 -- 378}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RiegerOetjenvandeParetal., author = {Rieger, Anna and Oetjen, Arne and van de Par, Steven and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Einfluss der Dissonanz auf die Wahrnehmung der Ger{\"a}uschqualit{\"a}t}, series = {Fortschritte der Akustik DAGA 2022: 48. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 21. - 24. M{\"a}rz 2022, Stuttgart und Online}, volume = {48}, booktitle = {Fortschritte der Akustik DAGA 2022: 48. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 21. - 24. M{\"a}rz 2022, Stuttgart und Online}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Akustik e.V.}, address = {Stuttgart}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RiegerOetjenvandeParetal., author = {Rieger, Anna and Oetjen, Arne and van de Par, Steven and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Geh{\"o}rbezogene Modellierung der Dissonanz}, series = {Tagungsband DAGA 2021: 47. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 15.-18. August 2021, Wien und Online}, volume = {47}, booktitle = {Tagungsband DAGA 2021: 47. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 15.-18. August 2021, Wien und Online}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Akustik e.V.}, pages = {1034 -- 1037}, language = {de} } @misc{AltmannGadererRabl, author = {Altmann, Robert and Gaderer, Matthias and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Pr{\"u}fstandsuntersuchungen an einem DEUTZ NRMM Motor mit Raps{\"o}lkraftstoff und Optimierung des Betriebs- und Emissionsverhaltens durch statistische Versuchsplanung}, series = {18. Internationaler Fachkongress "Kraftstoffe der Zukunft 2021" - digital \& international vernetzt!, online}, journal = {18. Internationaler Fachkongress "Kraftstoffe der Zukunft 2021" - digital \& international vernetzt!, online}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MaeuleRabl, author = {M{\"a}ule, Paul and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Correlation of Oil Emissions with Particulate Emissions of Gasoline Engines}, series = {Internationales AVL-Forum Abgas- und Partikelemissionen, 20. und 21. Februar 2018, Ludwigsburg}, booktitle = {Internationales AVL-Forum Abgas- und Partikelemissionen, 20. und 21. Februar 2018, Ludwigsburg}, publisher = {AVL Deutschland}, address = {Mainz}, pages = {1 -- 9}, abstract = {Recent developments in exhaust gas legislation make it necessary to focus the research at the particulate emissions from gasoline engines and technologies for their reduction. In addition to the particulates resulting from the combustion of the fuel, the oil emissions represent another possible source for particulate emissions. This paper presents a measurement method which can be used to quantify stationary as well as dynamic oil emissions of gasoline engines. Furthermore, the correlation between the oil emissions and the particulate emissions is the focus of the investigations. Conventional methods for the determination of the oil emissions, such as the gravimetric and the volumetric measurement, are unsuitable since they require long engine operation times to provide useful results. These methods therefore do not allow a fast online measurements during the dynamic operation. For this reason, a new measuring method was used, which allows for a time-resolved online measurement of the oil emissions. This measurement method is based on the sulfur tracer method, which uses the sulfur that is naturally contained in the engine oil as a tracer. The sulfur concentration in the exhaust gas is determined by using an Ion-Molecule-Reaction mass spectrometer. The determination of the particulate emissions corresponds to the PMP regulation. The studies carried out under steady state and dynamic conditions show a clear correlation between the oil consumption and the number of particulates in the exhaust gas. In the case of the dynamic measurements it could also be shown that time-resolved measurements of the oil consumption are possible with the used measurement setup. In addition, it was shown that the number of particulates does not influence the measurement of the SO2-concentration. Furthermore, the different effects of burned and unburned oil emissions have been evaluated by the dosing of the oil into the exhaust gas. The overall conclusion of the measurements shows a strong influence of the oil emissions on the particulate emissions. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the oil emissions. Possible approaches for this reduction can be improved turbocharger sealing concepts, new piston ring designs or more efficient oil separators for the crankcase ventilation system.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KornexlRablMayeretal., author = {Kornexl, Michael and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Mayer, Wolfgang and Haluska, Peter and Ehrhard, Jan}, title = {Motorische Untersuchung einer Doppelstromturbine bei gezielter Variation von Einflussparametern}, series = {Ladungswechsel im Verbrennungsmotor 2017 : Elektrifizierung im Umfeld Ladungswechsel ; 10. MTZ-Fachtagung}, booktitle = {Ladungswechsel im Verbrennungsmotor 2017 : Elektrifizierung im Umfeld Ladungswechsel ; 10. MTZ-Fachtagung}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-22670-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-22671-8_9}, pages = {153 -- 172}, abstract = {Um die Leistungsmerkmale moderner Ottomotoren, hohe Nennleistung bei niedrigem Kraftstoffverbrauch einerseits und hohes Low End Torque bei dynamischem Ansprechverhalten andererseits, zu erreichen, stehen Abgasturbolader mit verschiedenen Turbinentypen zur Verf{\"u}gung. Dabei wird zwischen den Ausf{\"u}hrungen ein- und mehrflutige Turbine unterschieden. Je nach geometrischer Ausf{\"u}hrung der Flutentrennung wird bei den mehrflutigen Turbinen zwischen den Bauformen Zwillingsstrom- und Doppelstromturbine differenziert.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KasparRabl, author = {Kaspar, Marcel and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Differenzierte Kohlenwasserstoffanalytik im Dieselabgas bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszust{\"a}nden}, series = {12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung - Agbasnachbehandlung f{\"u}r Dieselmotoren", 12, 2014, Dresden}, booktitle = {12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung - Agbasnachbehandlung f{\"u}r Dieselmotoren", 12, 2014, Dresden}, publisher = {F{\"o}rderkreis Abgasnachbehandlungstechnologien f{\"u}r Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (FAD) e.V.}, pages = {45 -- 59}, abstract = {Die f{\"u}r Dieselfahrzeuge gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Grenzwerte bez{\"u}glich der Schadstoffkomponenten Kohlenwasserstoffe und Kohlenmonoxid k{\"o}nnen nur durch den Einsatz eines Diesel-Oxidationskatalysators erf{\"u}llt werden. Um erh{\"o}hte Emissionen infolge eines gesch{\"a}digten Katalysators zu vermeiden, gilt es, dieses abgasrelevante Bauteil auch w{\"a}hrend des Betriebes zu {\"u}berwachen. Die zuk{\"u}nftigen gesetzlichen Anforderungen an die {\"U}berwachung erfordern ein Verfahren das eine zuverl{\"a}ssige und hochgenaue Diagnose zul{\"a}sst. Deshalb entwickelt eine Forschungsgemeinschaft aus Industrieunternehmen und Hochschulen einen neuartigen Kohlenwasserstoffsensor zur hochgenauen Analyse von unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffen im Abgasstrang. Hierf{\"u}r ist die Kohlenwasserstoffzusammensetzung des Dieselabgases bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszust{\"a}nden zu ermitteln. Zur differenzierten Untersuchung der Kohlenwasserstoffkomponenten wurde in der Arbeit ein Massenspektrometer eingesetzt, das mit chemischer Ionisation arbeitet. Anhand eines Abgasscreenings konnte eine Reihe von Kohlenwasserstoffen (Alkane, Alkene, Alkine, Alkadiene und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe) identifiziert werden, die typisch f{\"u}r das Dieselabgas stehen. Die Molek{\"u}le Ethin, Ethen und Propen wurden gezielt betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei kalten Betriebsbedingungen diese drei Komponenten etwa die H{\"a}lfte der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration ergeben. Ein weiterer Punkt der Untersuchungen war die Diesel-Partikelfilter-Regeneration. Wie erwartet, lassen sich Kohlenwasserstoffmolek{\"u}le mit h{\"o}heren Massen feststellen, die auf unverbrannten Dieselkraftstoff zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren sind. Anhand der Ergebnisse zeigte sich.dass sich das mit chemischer Ionisation arbeitende Massenspektrometer hervorragend f{\"u}r ein Abgasscreening eignet. Zahlreiche Kohlenwasserstoffe konnten identifiziert werden, die repr{\"a}sentativ f{\"u}r das Dieselabgas stehen. Es sollten Molek{\"u}le bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebsbedingungen untersucht werden, die einen m{\"o}glichst großen Anteil an der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration besitzen. Die Auswahl fiel aufgrund der gemessenen Massenspektren, vor und nach dem Diesel-Oxidationskatalysator, auf die Komponenten Ethin, Ethen und Propen. Zudem kann bei diesen Molek{\"u}len eine Masseninterferenz mit anderen Abgaskomponenten ausgeschlossen werden. Im unteren Teillastbereich und kaltem Motor machen diese Kohlenwasserstoffe bis zu 50\%, gemittelt {\"u}ber alle Messstellen vor, im und nach dem Diesel-Oxidationskatalysator, der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration aus. Bei betriebswarmem Motor reduziert sich ihr Anteil auf ein Drittel Die h{\"o}chste Konzentration unter den drei Komponenten besitzt dabei Propen. Mit steigendem Drehmoment nimmt der Anteil dieser drei Komponenten fortlaufend ab,was daf{\"u}r spricht, dass Molek{\"u}le mit h{\"o}heren Massen einen h{\"o}heren Anteil einnehmen. Die Kohlenwasserstoff-Emissionen bewegen sich bei diesen Motorbetriebspunkten mit betriebswarmem Katalysator jedoch bereits bei sehr niedrigen Werten. W{\"a}hrend der untersuchten Diesel-Partikelfilter-Regeneration mit sp{\"a}ten Nacheinspritzungen zur Abgastemperaturerh{\"o}hung lassen sich Molek{\"u}le mit h{\"o}heren Massen nachweisen. Diese sind typisch f{\"u}r die Reinkomponente Dieselkraftstoff. Der Anteil von Ethin, Ethen und Propen an der THC-Konzentration betr{\"a}gt dann ca. 40\%.}, language = {de} } @article{EmbergerAltmannGebhardetal., author = {Emberger, Peter and Altmann, Robert and Gebhard, J{\"u}rgen and Thuneke, Klaus and Winkler, Markus and T{\"o}pfer, Georg and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Remmele, Edgar}, title = {Combustion characteristics of pure rapeseed oil fuel after injection in a constant volume combustion chamber with a non-road mobile machinery engine solenoid injector}, series = {Fuel}, journal = {Fuel}, number = {320}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123979}, abstract = {Pure rapeseed oil fuel (R100) according to standard DIN 51605 is a greenhouse gas saving option for the mobility sector. With its high energy density close to diesel fuel, R100 is suitable to operate non-road mobile machinery with a high power demand and long operating time, where electric drives reach their limits. Advantages are indicated for its use in environmentally sensitive areas like agriculture since R100 is highly biodegradable and non-toxic. However, R100 is characterised by differing physical and chemical properties compared to diesel. The objective of the research is to investigate the differences in the ignition and combustion behaviour of R100 compared to diesel fuel (DF). For this purpose, a constant volume combustion chamber is used, which is equipped with a modern solenoid injector for engines of non-road mobile machinery. The researched injector shows a different hydraulic behaviour when using R100 compared to DF in that the injected fuel mass is lower with R100 than with DF. In combination with the 14 \% by mass lower calorific value, less energy output is determined with R100. When varying the injection pressure, the impact on the ignition delay and combustion behaviour is much higher for R100 than for DF. Specifically, an increase of the injection pressure supports mixture preparation and thus partially compensates the differing physical properties of R100. The results of ignition delay measurements and net heat release analysis are as follows: At low load conditions with low injection pressure as well as a low combustion chamber temperature and pressure, R100 ignites later and shows a further delayed combustion compared to diesel. The opposite is observed for medium and high load conditions, where R100 ignites faster and without delayed combustion in comparison to DF. Thus, an adjustment of the heat release of R100 at the same level as for DF is possible by modifying the injection strategy. The research shows that for an optimised combustion of R100 the injection settings must be adjusted for every operation point separately. The results indicate how the injection parameters should be adjusted for different load conditions to realise a high-quality engine calibration for R100.}, language = {en} } @incollection{MuehlbauerRablRottengruber, author = {M{\"u}hlbauer, Christian and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Rottengruber, Hermann}, title = {Acoustic Optimization of Mechatronic Direct Injection Systems and Analysis of the Effects on Robustness in System Operation}, series = {SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility}, volume = {4}, booktitle = {SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility}, number = {1}, publisher = {SAE International, Warrendale, PA, United States}, issn = {2641-9645}, doi = {10.4271/2021-01-0671}, pages = {68 -- 77}, abstract = {The tightening of the emission legislation and political and social demands for sustainable mobility are forcing the automotive industry to develop complex, high precision mechatronic drive systems. The increasing precision of mechatronic components generally leads to an increase in structural excitation and thus to a rise in noise. The so-called ticking of the fuel injection system has a rather low sound pressure level compared to the residual engine noise. Nevertheless, the impulsive and high frequency noise character leads to a decline concerning the perception of comfort and sound quality. In order to identify the sound quality of fuel injection systems as a frontloading measure, a system test bench has been developed which represents the structure-borne and airborne sound radiation of the stand-alone injection system in a close to series configuration. In this paper, measures for the acoustic optimization of injection systems and their effects on the robustness of the system are discussed. The focus is on engine idling, since at this operating point the ticking of the injectors and high-pressure pump can be perceived most clearly due to the low masking effects of other noise sources. For this purpose, the injection parameters were measured during full engine operation and transferred to the system test bench. By using a special development control unit, it was possible to modify the parameters, quantify their influence on the acoustic behavior and, based on this, define NVH optimized control strategies. For the robustness evaluation of the NVH optimized control strategies, key functions of the injection system were analyzed under varying boundary conditions in system operation on an injection rate test bench.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchwanzerMieslingerRabletal., author = {Schwanzer, Peter and Mieslinger, Johann and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Dietrich, Markus and Haft, Gerhard and Walter, Stefanie and Hagen, Gunter and Moos, Ralf and Gaderer, Matthias}, title = {Monitoring of a Particulate Filter for Gasoline Direct Injection Engines with a Radio-Frequency-Sensor}, series = {11th International Exhaust Gas and Particulate Emissions Forum, 3.-4.3.2020, Ludwigsburg, Germany}, journal = {11th International Exhaust Gas and Particulate Emissions Forum, 3.-4.3.2020, Ludwigsburg, Germany}, abstract = {In order to comply with future emission regulations, the use of particulate filters in vehicles with direct injection gasoline engines is essential. The current amount of soot and ash in the filter is calculated by a soot load model in the electronic control unit in combination with a differential pressure sensor determining the pressure drop over the particulate filter. Active regeneration is initiated if the calculated amount of soot or the measured differential pressure is too high. This is associated with additional fuel consumption. An on-board diagnosis for the particulate filter is currently not part of the Euro 6d emission standard. For future exhaust emission standards, on-board diagnosis or active monitoring of the particulate filter is conceivable. One of the benefits of monitoring is the fact that unnecessary active regenerations can be avoided. As a result, there is no additional fuel consumption due to misinterpretations of the amount of soot in the filter. For active monitoring of the particulate filter, a radiofrequency (RF-) sensor, that detects the soot loading of the filter with electromagnetic waves directly, can be used. Such a system has the advantage that by utilizing the filter as a sensor more precise information about the current state of the filter, e.g. a possible damage, can be provided. Worst-case considerations of filter damages, tested at an engine test bench show the advantages which are entailed by a system like that. By means of partial regeneration of the particulate filter it is demonstrated how the remaining amount of soot in the filter can be detected in a better way in comparison to the differential pressure sensor by using the RF-sensor.}, language = {en} } @article{BrockKoderRabletal., author = {Brock, Damian and Koder, Alexander and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Touraud, Didier and Kunz, Werner}, title = {Optimising the biodiesel production process: Implementation of glycerol derivatives into biofuel formulations and their potential to form hydrofuels}, series = {Fuel}, volume = {264}, journal = {Fuel}, number = {March}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116695}, abstract = {A new biofuel concept is developed, enabling the usage of vegetable oils and glycerol derivatives in mixtures with biodiesel. This concept significantly enhances the biodiesel production's profitability and thus strongly contributes to the sustainability of future biofuels. After simple addition reactions with building block chemicals, less hydrophilic glycerol derivatives are obtained, which are compatible with biofuels. Even more, the products of the reactions of glycerol with acetone or butyric acid, referred to as solketal and tributyrin, respectively, lead to promising biofuels in mixtures with rapeseed oil and its biodiesel. Due to their low freezing points, they act as cloud and freezing point depressants, when added to vegetable oil/biodiesel blends. Further, since their viscosity is close to common biodiesel, biofuels containing high amounts of vegetable oil and even more glycerol derivatives than they arise during the biodiesel production can be obtained. Thus, this new class of biofuels enables adaptable compositions depending on the application and also the usage as drop-in fuel without any or just few percent of further additives. After optimising the formulations, ignition delay, exhaust gas recirculation, fuel consumption and combustion process measurements were performed in an unmodified upto-date diesel engine. The experiments showed that the properties of the formulated biofuels are either similar to or even better than diesel. The hydrotropy of the glycerol derivatives in these mixtures enables the potential to implement water into biofuels, so-called hydrofuels, reducing nitrogen oxide emissions and leading to further optimised dropin fuels.}, language = {en} } @incollection{WalterSchwanzerHagenetal., author = {Walter, Stefanie and Schwanzer, Peter and Hagen, Gunter and Haft, Gerhard and Dietrich, Markus and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Moos, Ralf}, title = {Hochfrequenzsensorik zur direkten Beladungserkennung von Benzinpartikelfiltern}, series = {Automobil-Sensorik 3}, booktitle = {Automobil-Sensorik 3}, editor = {Tille, Thomas}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-61259-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-61260-6_7}, pages = {185 -- 208}, abstract = {In Folge der Versch{\"a}rfung der gesetzlichen Abgasnormen wurden f{\"u}r direkt-einspritzende Benzinmotoren Partikelfilter notwendig. Zur Beladungs{\"u}berwachung k{\"o}nnen aufgrund stark unterschiedlicher Rahmenbedingungen die aus Dieselmotoren bekannten Systeme, wie dem Differenzdrucksensor, nur eingeschr{\"a}nkt {\"u}bernommen werden. Ein hochfrequenzbasiertes Verfahren koppelt mittels Antennen elektromagnetische Wellen in das Filtergeh{\"a}use ein, deren Ausbreitungsverhalten durch die dielektrischen Eigenschaften des eingelagerten Rußes beeinflusst wird. Hierdurch kann bei Auswertung von Transmissionsd{\"a}mpfung oder Resonanzfrequenzen die Rußbeladung direkt detektiert werden.}, language = {en} } @article{WalterSchwanzerHagenetal., author = {Walter, Stefanie and Schwanzer, Peter and Hagen, Gunter and Haft, Gerhard and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Dietrich, Markus and Moos, Ralf}, title = {Modelling the Influence of Different Soot Types on the Radio-Frequency-Based Load Detection of Gasoline Particulate Filters}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {20}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/s20092659}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {Gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) are an appropriate means to meet today's emission standards. As for diesel applications, GPFs can be monitored via differential pressure sensors or using a radio-frequency approach (RF sensor). Due to largely differing soot properties and engine operating modes of gasoline compared to diesel engines (e.g., the possibility of incomplete regenerations), the behavior of both sensor systems must be investigated in detail. For this purpose, extensive measurements on engine test benches are usually required. To simplify the sensor development, a simulation model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics((R)) that not only allowed for calculating the loading and regeneration process of GPFs under different engine operating conditions but also determined the impact on both sensor systems. To simulate the regeneration behavior of gasoline soot accurately, an oxidation model was developed. To identify the influence of different engine operating points on the sensor behavior, various samples generated at an engine test bench were examined regarding their kinetic parameters using thermogravimetric analysis. Thus, this compared the accuracy of soot mass determination using the RF sensor with the differential pressure method. By simulating a typical driving condition with incomplete regenerations, the effects of the soot kinetics on sensor accuracy was demonstrated exemplarily. Thereby, the RF sensor showed an overall smaller mass determination error, as well as a lower dependence on the soot kinetics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AltmannGebhardTroegeretal., author = {Altmann, Robert and Gebhard, J{\"u}rgen and Troeger, Adrian and Winkler, Markus and T{\"o}pfer, Georg and Remmele, Edgar and Gaderer, Matthias and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Engine performance and emission analysis of a NRMM CI engine with common rail injection system operated with diesel fuel and rapeseed oil fuel}, series = {Proceedings of the 6th Commercial Vehicle Technology Symposium 2020/2021}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Commercial Vehicle Technology Symposium 2020/2021}, editor = {Berns, Karsten and Dressler, Klaus and Kalmar, Ralf and Stephan, Nicole and Teutsch, Roman and Thul, Martin}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-29716-9}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-29717-6_16}, pages = {231 -- 242}, abstract = {The use of alternative fuels in high-power non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) combustion engines is a possible way to substitute fossil fuel. By using pure vegetable oil fuels, like rapeseed oil fuel (DIN 51605), the greenhouse gases can be reduced effectively. Due to the differences in physical and chemical properties, a modification of the engine control unit calibration is necessary to adapt the working process on the fuel. Without modifications, the engine power output with rapeseed oil fuel is lower than with diesel fuel because of the smaller energy content. By adapting the engine settings, like the injection fuel mass, the power loss can be compensated but it accompanies with a higher fuel consumption. The engine emissions at part load conditions show, that there are benefits in particle emissions by using rapeseed oil at similar NOx emissions. Therefore, a design of experiment setup was initiated on a selected engine operation point to determine the effects of further parameters, like rail pressure, manifold pressure and injection pattern, on the process and to see the potential of an optimized calibration.}, language = {en} } @article{KasparRablMayer, author = {Kaspar, Marcel and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Mayer, Wolfgang}, title = {Ion-Molecule Reaction for the Selective Detection of Hydrocarbons in Diesel Exhaust Gas}, series = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, volume = {90}, journal = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, number = {6}, publisher = {WILEY-VCH}, doi = {10.1002/cite.201700075}, pages = {826 -- 834}, abstract = {The hydrocarbons present in the diesel exhaust gas are analyzed. A mass spectrometer is used for the measurements, and it operates on the basis of an ion-molecule reaction. This method is especially suitable because it is selective, is as free of fragments as possible, and is highly sensitive to the species that need to be measured. The study shows that numerous hydrocarbons in diesel exhaust gas can be identified. In particular, three molecules, ethyne, ethene and propene, were analyzed online in-depth on an engine test bench under different engine operating conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{BraunGebhardMatysiketal., author = {Braun, Peter and Gebhard, J{\"u}rgen and Matysik, Frank-Michael and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Potential Technical Approaches for Improving Low-Temperature NOx Conversion of Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems}, series = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, volume = {90}, journal = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, number = {6}, publisher = {WILEY-VCH}, doi = {10.1002/cite.201700122}, pages = {762 -- 773}, abstract = {Lean-burn engines, such as diesel engines, are widely used in mobile and stationary applications. Operation of lean-burn engines leads to formation of distinct amounts of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2). Efficient aftertreatment is mandatory to meet legal requirements, especially at low exhaust temperatures, as for the future a decline of the exhaust temperature level can be predicted due to improved engine efficiencies. Within this review, potential technical solutions to enhance the DeNO(x)-aftertreatment efficiency at low exhaust temperatures are presented.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RiegervandeParRabletal., author = {Rieger, Anna and van de Par, Steven and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Oetjen, Arne}, title = {The contribution of selected auditory sensations to the prediction of preference judgements for consonant and dissonant sounds}, series = {52nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (Inter Noise 2023), Chiba, Greater Tokyo, Japan, 20-23 August 2023}, booktitle = {52nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (Inter Noise 2023), Chiba, Greater Tokyo, Japan, 20-23 August 2023}, abstract = {Product sounds with clearly audible tonal components are often perceived as unpleasant or annoying. If different simultaneously operating aggregates are present in a system, for example vehicle engines and gearboxes, the interaction of tonal components, similar to music, can evoke additional sensations in human auditory perception. Supplementary to a pronounced tonality, such sounds can also yield distinct degrees of consonance or dissonance between tones. Previous studies showed that the perceived dissonance had a high impact on preference judgements for sounds with similar tonality. In experiments of the present study, sounds that differed in tonality were rated with respect to the auditory sensations sharpness, tonality and dissonance by one group of participants while another group only carried out a preference task. Thereout a model for predicting perceived preference is derived from the subjective judgements of auditory sensations. The performance of the preference predictions based on subjective udgements will be compared against purely model-based predictions using different algorithms for acoustic attributes.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuehlbauerRablRottengruber, author = {M{\"u}hlbauer, Christian and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Rottengruber, Hermann}, title = {Akustische Optimierung von mechatronischen Direkteinspritzsystemen und Analyse der Auswirkungen auf die Robustheit im Systembetrieb}, series = {Motor- und Aggregate-Akustik: 11. Magdeburger Symposium, Tagungsband}, volume = {11}, booktitle = {Motor- und Aggregate-Akustik: 11. Magdeburger Symposium, Tagungsband}, publisher = {Otto-von-Guericke-Universit{\"a}t}, address = {Magdeburg}, doi = {10.25673/36611}, pages = {32 -- 51}, abstract = {The tightening of the emission legislation and political and social demands for sustainable mobility are forcing the automotive industry to develop complex, high precision mechatronic drive systems. The increasing precision of mechatronic components generally leads to an increase in structural excitation and thus to a rise in noise. The socalled ticking of the fuel injection system has a rather low sound pressure level compared to the residual engine noise. Nevertheless, the impulsive and high frequency noise character leads to a decline concerning the perception of comfort and sound quality. In order to identify the sound quality of fuel injection systems as a frontloading measure, a system test bench has been developed which represents the structureborne and airborne sound radiation of the stand-alone injection system in a close to series configuration. In this paper, measures for the acoustic optimization of injection systems and their effects on the robustness of the system are discussed. The focus is on engine idling, since at this operating point the ticking of the injectors and the high-pressure pump can be perceived most clearly due to the low masking effects of other noise sources. For this purpose, the injection parameters were measured during full engine operation and transferred to the system test bench. By using a special development control unit, it was possible to modify the parameters, quantify their influence on the acoustic behavior and, based on this, define NVH optimized control strategies. For the robustness evaluation of the NVH optimized control strategies, key functions of the injection system were analyzed under varying boundary conditions in system operation on an injection rate test bench.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MuehlbauerRablRottengruber, author = {M{\"u}hlbauer, Christian and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Rottengruber, Hermann}, title = {Akustische Analyse und Optimierung von mechatronischen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystemen}, series = {Tagungsband DAGA 2019 - 45. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 18.-21. M{\"a}rz 2019, Rostock}, booktitle = {Tagungsband DAGA 2019 - 45. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 18.-21. M{\"a}rz 2019, Rostock}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Akustik}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-939296-14-0}, pages = {647 -- 650}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RiegerMuehlbauerRabletal., author = {Rieger, Anna and M{\"u}hlbauer, Christian and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Weber, Rainer}, title = {Dissonanz als Bewertungskriterium multi-tonalen Schalls}, series = {Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2020: 46. Deutsche Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik}, booktitle = {Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2020: 46. Deutsche Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Akustik e.V.}, pages = {788 -- 791}, language = {de} } @article{GaertnerRablZink, author = {G{\"a}rtner, Uwe and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Zink, Uwe}, title = {Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment of the Future}, series = {MTZ worldwide}, volume = {79}, journal = {MTZ worldwide}, number = {7-8}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s38313-018-0060-2}, pages = {70 -- 75}, language = {en} } @article{KuepperArtmannPischingeretal., author = {K{\"u}pper, Carsten and Artmann, Christina and Pischinger, Stefan and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Lube-Oil Dilution of GDI Engines with Ethanol Fuels}, series = {Auto Tech Review}, volume = {3}, journal = {Auto Tech Review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer India}, address = {New Delhi}, doi = {10.1365/s40112-014-0570-5}, pages = {30 -- 35}, language = {en} } @article{KuepperArtmannPischingeretal., author = {K{\"u}pper, Carsten and Artmann, Christina and Pischinger, Stefan and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Schmier{\"o}lverd{\"u}nnung von direkteinspritzenden Ottomotoren unter Kaltstartrandbedingungen}, series = {MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift}, volume = {74}, journal = {MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, doi = {10.1007/s35146-013-0208-1}, pages = {710 -- 715}, language = {de} } @article{KuepperArtmannPischingeretal., author = {K{\"u}pper, Carsten and Artmann, Christina and Pischinger, Stefan and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Lube-Oil Dilution of Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines with Ethanol Fuels}, series = {MTZ worldwide}, volume = {74}, journal = {MTZ worldwide}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s38313-013-0090-8}, pages = {64 -- 69}, language = {en} } @article{WalterSchwanzerHagenetal., author = {Walter, Stefanie and Schwanzer, Peter and Hagen, Gunter and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Dietrich, Markus and Moos, Ralf}, title = {Soot Monitoring of Gasoline Particulate Filters Using a Radio-Frequency-Based Sensor}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {23}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {18}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s23187861}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {Owing to increasingly stringent emission limits, particulate filters have become mandatory for gasoline-engine vehicles. Monitoring their soot loading is necessary for error-free operation. The state-of-the-art differential pressure sensors suffer from inaccuracies due to small amounts of stored soot combined with exhaust gas conditions that lead to partial regeneration. As an alternative approach, radio-frequency-based (RF) sensors can accurately measure the soot loading, even under these conditions, by detecting soot through its dielectric properties. However, they face a different challenge as their sensitivity may depend on the engine operation conditions during soot formation. In this article, this influence is evaluated in more detail. Various soot samples were generated on an engine test bench. Their dielectric properties were measured using the microwave cavity perturbation (MCP) method and compared with the corresponding sensitivity of the RF sensor determined on a lab test bench. Both showed similar behavior. The values for the soot samples themselves, however, differed significantly from each other. A way to correct for this cross-sensitivity was found in the influence of exhaust gas humidity on the RF sensor, which can be correlated with the engine load. By evaluating this influence during significant humidity changes, such as fuel cuts, it could be used to correct the influence of the engineon the RF sensor.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RiegervandeParRabletal., author = {Rieger, Anna and van de Par, Steven and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Oetjen, Arne}, title = {Ein Ton macht noch keine Harmonie - Der Einfluss von Tonhaltigkeit und Dissonanz auf Pr{\"a}ferenzurteile}, series = {Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2023, 49. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 06.-09. M{\"a}rz 2023 in Hamburg}, booktitle = {Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2023, 49. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 06.-09. M{\"a}rz 2023 in Hamburg}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Akustik e.V. (DAGA)}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-939296-21-8}, pages = {1167 -- 1170}, abstract = {Produkt- bzw. Maschinenger{\"a}usche mit deutlich h{\"o}rbaren tonalen Komponenten werden h{\"a}ufig als l{\"a}stig empfunden. Wenn zus{\"a}tzlich eine Interaktion mehrerer tonaler Komponenten in Ger{\"a}uschen stattfindet, was in realen Szenarien beispielsweise durch die {\"U}berlagerung tonaler Komponenten durch verschiedene Aggregate, wie Motoren und Getrieben, stattfindet, dann k{\"o}nnen Ger{\"a}usche unterschiedlich tonal, aber auch unterschiedlich konsonant und dissonant wahrgenommen werden. Vorangehende H{\"o}rexperimente haben gezeigt, dass die Dissonanz bei {\"a}hnlicher Tonhaltigkeit der Ger{\"a}usche einen großen Einfluss auf die Pr{\"a}ferenzurteile hat. Des Weiteren konnte bereits ein grundlegendes Empfindungsmodell f{\"u}r die "Dissonanz" sowie ein Pr{\"a}ferenz-Pr{\"a}diktor entwickelt werden, die die Subjektivdaten in hoher G{\"u}te vorhersagen konnten. In den hier vorgestellten Versuchen wurde das Zusammenspiel zwischen der empfundenen Tonhaltigkeit und der sich aus mehreren Tonkomponenten ergebenden Dissonanz auf die Pr{\"a}ferenzurteile untersucht. In der Analyse wird aufgezeigt, auf welche Weise und in welchem Umfang die wahrgenommene Ausgepr{\"a}gtheit der Tonhaltigkeit durch Interaktion mehrerer Tonkomponenten die allgemeine Ger{\"a}uschqualit{\"a}t beeinflusst. Da verschiedene Grade der Dissonanz nur durch die gleichzeitige Anwesenheit tonaler Komponenten entstehen k{\"o}nnen, ist das Zusammenspiel beider Gr{\"o}ßen bei der Bildung eines Pr{\"a}ferenzurteils von einer speziellen Natur. Dies wird sowohl bei der Modellierung der Interaktion beider Gr{\"o}ßen als auch im Vorhersagemodell der Dissonanz ber{\"u}cksichtigt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RiegervandeParRabletal., author = {Rieger, Anna and van de Par, Steven and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Oetjen, Arne}, title = {Sch{\"a}rfeurteile f{\"u}r tonhaltige Ger{\"a}usche und die Konsequenzen f{\"u}r die instrumentelle psychoakustische Analyse}, series = {Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2024, 50. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 18.-21. M{\"a}rz 2024 in Hannover}, booktitle = {Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2024, 50. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 18.-21. M{\"a}rz 2024 in Hannover}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Akustik e.V. (DAGA)}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-939296-22-5}, pages = {1210 -- 1213}, abstract = {In einer vorrangegangenen Studie wurde der Einfluss psychoakustischer Parameter auf Pr{\"a}ferenzurteile f{\"u}r konsonante und dissonante Ger{\"a}usche untersucht. Diese Ger{\"a}usche hatten die gleiche Lautheit und basierten auf einem festen Rauschhintergrund und eingebetteten hochfrequenten Tonkomponenten. Es zeigte sich, dass die Pr{\"a}ferenzurteile eines Probandenkollektives durch ebenfalls erhobene Subjektivurteile zu Sch{\"a}rfe, Tonhaltigkeit und Dissonanz mit hoher Pr{\"a}zision vorhergesagt werden konnten.Durch das angewandte Versuchsdesign konnte diese rein auf Subjektivbeurteilungen bestehende Vorhersage mit einer instrumentellen Vorhersage der Pr{\"a}ferenzurteile verglichen werden. Der Vergleich ergab einen niedrigeren Korrelationskoeffizienten f{\"u}r die modellbasierte Vorhersage, was auch durch die sehr niedrige Korrelation (R2<0,2) der berechneten Sch{\"a}rfe nach DIN45692 mit den Sch{\"a}rfe-Subjektivurteilen zu begr{\"u}nden war. Eine m{\"o}gliche Erkl{\"a}rung der unzureichenden Prognose der Sch{\"a}rfeurteile k{\"o}nnte in der Bewertungsstrategie der Proband:innen zu finden sein. F{\"u}r die getesteten Ger{\"a}usche mit auff{\"a}lligen tonalen Komponenten k{\"o}nnte statt der Sch{\"a}rfe des Gesamtger{\"a}uschs nur die Sch{\"a}rfe des tonalen Ger{\"a}uschobjekts ber{\"u}cksichtigt worden sein. Die Sch{\"a}rfe-Analyse der auf ihren tonalen Anteil reduzierten Signale zeigt eine sehr gute {\"U}bereinstimmung mit den Subjektivurteilen, was die Hypothese einer Trennung von Ton- und Rauschobjekten unterst{\"u}tzt. Es wird diskutiert, ob und wie das Paradigma der akustischen Objekttrennung in der Modellierung psychoakustischer Empfindungsgr{\"o}ßen Anwendung finden kann.}, language = {de} } @misc{AppelhansKampmannMottoketal., author = {Appelhans, Marie-Luise and Kampmann, Matthias and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Riederer, Michael and Nagl, Klaus and Steffens, Oliver and D{\"u}nnweber, Jan and Wildgruber, Markus and Roth, Julius and Stadler, Timo and Palm, Christoph and Weiß, Martin Georg and Rochholz, Sandra and Bierl, Rudolf and Gschossmann, Andreas and Haug, Sonja and Schmidbauer, Simon and Koch, Anna and Westner, Markus and Bary, Benedikt von and Ellermeier, Andreas and V{\"o}gele, Daniel and Maiwald, Frederik and Hierl, Stefan and Schlamp, Matthias and Ehrlich, Ingo and Siegl, Marco and H{\"u}ntelmann, Sven and Wildfeuer, Matthias and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver and Sterner, Michael and Hofrichter, Andreas and Eckert, Fabian and Bauer, Franz and Dawoud, Belal and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Gamisch, Bernd and Schmidt, Ottfried and Heberl, Michael and Thema, Martin and Mayer, Ulrike and Eller, Johannes and Sippenauer, Thomas and Adelt, Christian and Haslbeck, Matthias and Vogl, Bettina and Mauerer, Wolfgang and Ramsauer, Ralf and Lohmann, Daniel and Sax, Irmengard and Gabor, Thomas and Feld, Sebastian and Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia and Ławrowski, Robert Damian and Langer, Christoph and Schreiner, Rupert and Sellmair, Josef}, title = {Forschung 2019}, editor = {Baier, Wolfgang}, address = {Regensburg}, organization = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, isbn = {978-3-9818209-7-3}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-789}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7890}, pages = {72}, abstract = {Bericht mit Forschungsprojekten aus verschiedenen Bereichen der OTH Regensburg mit dem Schwerpunktthema "K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz" und einem Gespr{\"a}ch zur "Medizin der Zukunft"}, subject = {Forschung}, language = {de} } @misc{WeberDendorferSuessetal., author = {Weber, Karsten and Dendorfer, Sebastian and S{\"u}ß, Franz and Kubowitsch, Simone and Schratzenstaller, Thomas and Haug, Sonja and Mohr, Christa and Kiesl, Hans and Drechsler, J{\"o}rg and Westner, Markus and Kobus, J{\"o}rn and Schubert, Martin J. W. and Zenger, Stefan and Pietsch, Alexander and Weiß, Josef and Hinterseer, Sebastian and Schieck, Roland and Scherzinger, Stefanie and Klettke, Meike and Ringlstetter, Andreas and St{\"o}rl, Uta and Bissyand{\´e}, Tegawend{\´e} F. and Seeburger, Achim and Schindler, Timo and Ramsauer, Ralf and Kiszka, Jan and K{\"o}lbl, Andreas and Lohmann, Daniel and Mauerer, Wolfgang and Maier, Johannes and Scorna, Ulrike and Palm, Christoph and Soska, Alexander and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Ellermeier, Andreas and V{\"o}gele, Daniel and Hierl, Stefan and Briem, Ulrich and Buschmann, Knut and Ehrlich, Ingo and Pongratz, Christian and Pielmeier, Benjamin and Tyroller, Quirin and Monkman, Gareth J. and Gut, Franz and Roth, Carina and Hausler, Peter and Bierl, Rudolf and Prommesberger, Christian and Ławrowski, Robert Damian and Langer, Christoph and Schreiner, Rupert and Huang, Yifeng and She, Juncong and Ottl, Andreas and Rieger, Walter and Kraml, Agnes and Poxleitner, Thomas and Hofer, Simon and Heisterkamp, Benjamin and Lerch, Maximilian and Sammer, Nike and Golde, Olivia and Wellnitz, Felix and Schmid, Sandra and Muntschick, Claudia and Kusterle, Wolfgang and Paric, Ivan and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver and Haslbeck, Matthias and Schmidt, Ottfried and Schwanzer, Peter and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Sterner, Michael and Bauer, Franz and Steinmann, Sven and Eckert, Fabian and Hofrichter, Andreas}, title = {Forschungsbericht 2017}, editor = {Baier, Wolfgang}, address = {Regensburg}, organization = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, isbn = {978-3-9818209-3-5}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-1383}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-13835}, subject = {Forschung}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KasparRablMayer, author = {Kaspar, Marcel and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Mayer, Wolfgang}, title = {Differenzierte Kohlenwasserstoffanalytik im Dieselabgas bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszustaenden : Detailed hydrocarbon analysis of diesel exhaust gas at different engine operating conditions}, series = {12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung - Agbasnachbehandlung f{\"u}r Dieselmotoren", 12, 2014, Dresden}, booktitle = {12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung - Agbasnachbehandlung f{\"u}r Dieselmotoren", 12, 2014, Dresden}, publisher = {F{\"o}rderkreis Abgasnachbehandlungstechnologien f{\"u}r Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (FAD) e.V.}, address = {Dresden}, pages = {1 -- 35}, abstract = {Beitrag und Praesentationsmaterial eines Vortrags ueber differenzierende Kohlenwasserstoffanalytik im Dieselabgas bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszustaenden. Mit einem neu entwickelten, hochgenauen HC-Sensor werden unverbrannte HC im Abgas untersucht. Die differenzierende Untersuchung erfolgt an einem Massenspektrometer, das mit chemischer Ionisation arbeitet. Die Molekuele Ethin, Ethen und Propen wurden gezielt betrachtet. Es zeigt sich, dass bei kalten Betriebsbedingungen diese drei Komponenten etwa die Haelfte der gesamten HC Konzentration ergeben. Ein weiterer Punkt ist die Regeneration des Dieselpartikelfilters.}, language = {de} } @misc{BroserFalterŁawrowskietal., author = {Broser, Christian and Falter, Thomas and Ławrowski, Robert Damian and Altenbuchner, Amelie and V{\"o}gele, Daniel and Koss, Claus and Schlamp, Matthias and Dunnweber, Jan and Steffens, Oliver and Heckner, Markus and Jaritz, Sabine and Schiegl, Thomas and Corsten, Sabine and Lauer, Norina and Guertler, Katherine and Koenig, Eric and Haug, Sonja and Huber, Dominik and Birkenmaier, Clemens and Krenkel, Lars and Wagner, Thomas and Justus, Xenia and Saßmannshausen, Sean Patrick and Kleine, Nadine and Weber, Karsten and Braun, Carina N. and Giacoppo, Giuliano and Heinrich, Michael and Just, Tobias and Schreck, Thomas and Schnabl, Andreas and Gilmore, Amador T{\´e}ran and Roeslin, Samuel and Schmid, Sandra and Wellnitz, Felix and Malz, Sebastian and Maurial, Andreas and Hauser, Florian and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Klettke, Meike and Scherzinger, Stefanie and St{\"o}rl, Uta and Heckner, Markus and Bazo, Alexander and Wolff, Christian and Kopper, Andreas and Westner, Markus and Pongratz, Christian and Ehrlich, Ingo and Briem, Ulrich and Hederer, Sebastian and Wagner, Marcus and Schillinger, Moritz and G{\"o}rlach, Julien and Hierl, Stefan and Siegl, Marco and Langer, Christoph and Hausladen, Matthias and Schreiner, Rupert and Haslbeck, Matthias and Kreuzer, Reinhard and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver and Dawoud, Belal and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Gamisch, Bernd and Schmidt, Ottfried and Heberl, Michael and G{\"a}nsbauer, Bianca and Bick, Werner and Ellermeier, Andreas and Monkman, Gareth J. and Prem, Nina and Sindersberger, Dirk and Tschurtschenthaler, Karl and Aurbach, Maximilian and Dendorfer, Sebastian and Betz, Michael A. and Szecsey, Tamara and Mauerer, Wolfgang and Murr, Florian}, title = {Forschung 2018}, editor = {Baier, Wolfgang}, address = {Regensburg}, organization = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg}, isbn = {978-3-9818209-5-9}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-1382}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-13826}, pages = {98}, subject = {Forschung}, language = {de} } @misc{RueckBierlLechneretal., author = {R{\"u}ck, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf and Lechner, Alfred and Graf, Antonia and Dams, Florian and Schreiner, Rupert and Auchter, Eberhard and Kriz, Willy and Deubzer, MIchael and Schiller, Frank and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen and Niemetz, Michael and Margull, Ulrich and Hagel, Georg and Utesch, Matthias and Waldherr, Franz and B{\"o}hm, Matthias and Fraunhoffer, Judith and Gardeia, Armin and Schneider, Ralph and Streubel, Janet and Landes, Dieter and Studt, Reimer and Peuker, Dominik and Scharfenberg, Georg and Hook, Christian and Schuster, Dietwald and Ehrlich, Ingo and Dinnebier, Heinrich and Briem, Ulrich and L{\"a}mmlein, Stephan and Koder, Alexander and Bialek, Adam and Genewsky, Axel and Neumeier, Michael and Schlosser, Philipp and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Paule, Matthias and Galster, Christoph and Schiedermeier, Michael and Zwickel, Andreas and Hobmeier, Christoph and Bischoff, Tobias and Rill, Georg and Schaeffer, Thomas and Arbesmeier, Martin and Groß, Andreas and Schlegl, Thomas and Becker, Mark and Senn, Konrad and Schliekmann, Claus and Scholz, Peter and Sippl, Christian and Grill, Martin}, title = {Forschungsbericht 2011 / Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften - Fachhochschule Regensburg}, editor = {Eckstein, Josef}, address = {Regensburg}, organization = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften Regensburg}, issn = {1868-3533}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-732}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7321}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MuehlbauerRablRottengruber, author = {M{\"u}hlbauer, Christian and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Rottengruber, Hermann}, title = {Development of a Methodology for Acoustic Analysis and Optimization of Mechatronic Fuel Injection Systems}, series = {Automotive Acoustics Conference 2019: Proceedings, 5. Internationale ATZ-Fachtagung Fahrzeugakustik}, booktitle = {Automotive Acoustics Conference 2019: Proceedings, 5. Internationale ATZ-Fachtagung Fahrzeugakustik}, editor = {Siebenpfeiffer, Wolfgang}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-27668-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-27669-0_15}, pages = {211 -- 225}, abstract = {To identify the sound quality of fuel injection systems as a frontloading measure, a system test bench has been developed that simulates the structure and airborne noise emission. The setup of the system test bench includes an assembly of the acoustical relevant engine parts and an encapsulated drive for the high-pressure pump. A specific control unit enables a high variability for the operation strategy of the injection system. The focus of this study is on the development of a methodology to analyze and optimize the sound quality of gasoline direct injectors in critical operation points by suitable active means. For this, the injection parameters in engine idle have been identified and subsequently transferred to the system test bench. Additionally, the injection parameters have been optimized acoustically and the impacts on the key functions regarding injection rating and shot-to-shot scattering of the injected fuel mass are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{WalterSchwanzerHagenetal., author = {Walter, Stefanie and Schwanzer, Peter and Hagen, Gunter and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Dietrich, Markus and Moos, Ralf}, title = {Combined Ash and Soot Monitoring for Gasoline Particulate Filters Using a Radio-Frequency-Based Sensor}, series = {Emission Control Science and Technology}, journal = {Emission Control Science and Technology}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s40825-023-00235-y}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Increasingly stringent emission limits have made particulate filters necessary for gasoline engines. Similar to diesel applications, gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) can be monitored by differential pressure measurement or by the radio-frequency-based filter diagnosis (RF sensor). In addition to measuring the soot loading, ash detection is critical for monitoring the GPF over the entire vehicle lifetime. Because the RF sensor detects the filter loading through a change in the dielectric properties of the GPF, it can detect not only soot but also ash. In diesel applications, the RF sensor has already demonstrated its potential for ash detection. To verify the feasibility of simultaneous ash and soot monitoring for GPFs, filters were loaded with ash on an engine test bench and measured on a lab test bench under defined synthetic exhaust gas conditions. By evaluating resonant modes, soot and ash could be clearly distinguished, as ash mainly affects the resonant frequency, while soot also changes the quality factor due to its high dielectric losses. However, higher soot loadings could not be detected by the resonant parameters, but instead by a frequency-averaged transmission signal. While the presence of ash caused an offset in this signal, its sensitivity to soot was not affected. Thus, the influence of ash can be corrected if the signal in the soot-free filter state is known, e.g., from the behavior of the resonant parameters. Therefore, even with a continuously increasing ash loading over the lifetime of a vehicle, an accurate soot detection is possible with the RF sensor.}, language = {en} } @misc{WalterSchwanzerHagenetal., author = {Walter, Stefanie and Schwanzer, Peter and Hagen, Gunter and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Dietrich, Markus and Moos, Ralf}, title = {Combined Ash and Soot Monitoring in Gasoline Particulate Filters with a Radio-Frequency-Based Sensor}, series = {SAE World Congress Experience, April 5-7, 2022, Detroit, Michigan, USA}, journal = {SAE World Congress Experience, April 5-7, 2022, Detroit, Michigan, USA}, abstract = {In recent years, it turned out that primarily the number of ultrafine particles and not their mass is relevant in terms of harmful health effects. Therefore, exhaust emission standards are constantly being tightened with regard to the particulate number. To meet the emission limits, particulate filters have become necessary for gasoline engines. Similar to diesel applications, gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) can be monitored via differential pressure measurement or via a radio-frequency approach (RF-sensor). The latter is based on the influence of the soot conductivity on the electromagnetic field. To control the GPF, ash detection is of crucial importance besides the soot load monitoring. With the differential pressure system, this is only possible with high uncertainties due to the low pressure increase caused by ash. The RF-sensor, however, has already demonstrated its potential for ash detection in diesel applications. In order to verify the applicability of the system for GPFs, filters were loaded via a method for fast ash loading. Thereby, it was shown that by evaluating resonant modes - especially the resonant frequency - the ash loading can easily be measured as long as the filter is soot-unloaded. In contrast, soot loading can be determined independently from this by considering a frequency-averaged transmission signal between the antennas of the RF-sensor. Using a setup for radio-frequency material characterization, the dielectric parameters of the generated ash were also measured. In comparison with the properties of the synthetic soot PrintexU, ash showed significantly lower dielectric losses. Thus, the evaluation of the loss-dependent quality factor, which is only possible at low soot loadings, allows a precise conclusion whether the filter is completely soot-free. Furthermore, using synthetic soot loading, it could be shown that soot detection via the averaged transmission signal is not affected by ash. In summary, it could be shown that with the RF-sensor, ash and soot can be simultaneously detected.}, language = {en} } @article{KorzecFreundDoelfsetal., author = {Korzec, Dariusz and Freund, Florian and Doelfs, Isabelle and Zacherl, Florian and Kudala, Lucas and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Low-Current High-Voltage Pulsed Atmospheric Arc Plasma Jet: Nanoparticle Emission from the Cathodic Spot}, series = {Plasma}, volume = {8}, journal = {Plasma}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/plasma8040044}, pages = {29}, abstract = {The atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is a popular type of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). APPJs based on a pulsed atmospheric arc (PAA) are widely spread in industrial processing. A plasma jet of this type, PlasmaBrush PB3 (PB3), is a subject of diverse research activities. The characteristic feature of PB3 is the generation of a low-current (300 mA), high-voltage (1500 V) pulsed (54 kHz) atmospheric arc. A gas flow vortex is used to stabilize the arc and to sustain the circular motion of the cathodic arc foot. During long periods of operation, nozzles acting as arc discharge cathodes erode. Part of the eroded material is emitted as nanoparticles (NPs). These NPs are not wanted in many processing applications. Knowledge of the number, type, and size distribution of emitted NPs is essential to minimize their emissions. In this study, NPs in the size range of 6 to 220 nm, emitted from four different nozzles operated with PB3, are investigated. The differences between the nozzles are in the eroded surface material (copper, tungsten, and nickel), the diameter of the nozzle orifice, the length of the discharge channel, and the position of the cathodic arc foot. Significant differences in the particle size distribution (PSD) and particle mass distribution (PMD) of emitted NPs are observed depending on the type and condition of the nozzle and their operating time. Monomodal and bimodal PMD models are used to approximate emissions from the nozzles with tungsten and copper cores, respectively. The skew-normal distribution function is deemed suitable. The results of this study can be used to control NP emissions, both to avoid them and to utilize them intentionally.}, language = {en} }