@incollection{GerardCanisiusDiamantidisKumar, author = {Gerard Canisius, T. D. and Diamantidis, Dimitris and Kumar, Suresh}, title = {Fire Safety in Road Tunnels}, series = {Engineering for Extremes}, booktitle = {Engineering for Extremes}, editor = {Stewart, Mark G. and Rosowsky, David V.}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-85017-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-85018-0_14}, pages = {293 -- 311}, abstract = {Modern industrial societies need efficient and safe transportation systems for their existence and progress. Tunnels form an important component of road transportation systems in many countries. However, significant fire incidents within them have highlighted human safety as a major concern, resulting in considerable changes to the safety requirements to be satisfied during the design and assessment of new and existing tunnels, respectively. This chapter discusses state-of-practice related to the implementation of risk analysis methods in road tunnel projects. It reviews relevant safety criteria in standards and describes basic aspects on risk acceptance and decision-making with respect to the choice of the safety measures to be implemented. This contribution presents the determination of human safety consequences for use in risk analysis by considering design fires, the development and spread of effects of such fires and emergency evacuation of people. The methodology is illustrated via a case study that deals with the re-qualification of an existing road tunnel in Wales.}, language = {en} }