@misc{RoserMeinikheimMendeletal., author = {Roser, D. A. and Meinikheim, Michael and Mendel, Robert and Palm, Christoph and Probst, Andreas and Muzalyova, A. and Scheppach, Markus W. and Nagl, S. and Schnoy, Elisabeth and R{\"o}mmele, Christoph and Schulz, D. and Schlottmann, Jakob and Prinz, Friederike and Rauber, David and R{\"u}ckert, Tobias and Matsumura, T. and Fernandez-Esparrach, G. and Parsa, N. and Byrne, M. and Messmann, Helmut and Ebigbo, Alanna}, title = {Human-Computer Interaction: Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the diagnostic confidence of endoscopists assessing videos of Barrett's esophagus}, series = {Endoscopy}, volume = {56}, journal = {Endoscopy}, number = {S 02}, publisher = {Georg Thieme Verlag}, issn = {1438-8812}, doi = {10.1055/s-0044-1782859}, pages = {79}, abstract = {Aims Human-computer interactions (HCI) may have a relevant impact on the performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Studies show that although endoscopists assessing Barrett's esophagus (BE) with AI improve their performance significantly, they do not achieve the level of the stand-alone performance of AI. One aspect of HCI is the impact of AI on the degree of certainty and confidence displayed by the endoscopist. Indirectly, diagnostic confidence when using AI may be linked to trust and acceptance of AI. In a BE video study, we aimed to understand the impact of AI on the diagnostic confidence of endoscopists and the possible correlation with diagnostic performance. Methods 22 endoscopists from 12 centers with varying levels of BE experience reviewed ninety-six standardized endoscopy videos. Endoscopists were categorized into experts and non-experts and randomly assigned to assess the videos with and without AI. Participants were randomized in two arms: Arm A assessed videos first without AI and then with AI, while Arm B assessed videos in the opposite order. Evaluators were tasked with identifying BE-related neoplasia and rating their confidence with and without AI on a scale from 0 to 9. Results The utilization of AI in Arm A (without AI first, with AI second) significantly elevated confidence levels for experts and non-experts (7.1 to 8.0 and 6.1 to 6.6, respectively). Only non-experts benefitted from AI with a significant increase in accuracy (68.6\% to 75.5\%). Interestingly, while the confidence levels of experts without AI were higher than those of non-experts with AI, there was no significant difference in accuracy between these two groups (71.3\% vs. 75.5\%). In Arm B (with AI first, without AI second), experts and non-experts experienced a significant reduction in confidence (7.6 to 7.1 and 6.4 to 6.2, respectively), while maintaining consistent accuracy levels (71.8\% to 71.8\% and 67.5\% to 67.1\%, respectively). Conclusions AI significantly enhanced confidence levels for both expert and non-expert endoscopists. Endoscopists felt significantly more uncertain in their assessments without AI. Furthermore, experts with or without AI consistently displayed higher confidence levels than non-experts with AI, irrespective of comparable outcomes. These findings underscore the possible role of AI in improving diagnostic confidence during endoscopic assessment.}, language = {en} } @article{HirmerDanilovGiglbergeretal., author = {Hirmer, Marion and Danilov, Sergey N. and Giglberger, Stephan and Putzger, J{\"u}rgen and Niklas, Andreas and J{\"a}ger, Andreas and Hiller, Karl-Anton and Schmalz, Gottfried and Redlich, Britta and Schulz, Irene and Monkman, Gareth J. and Ganichev, Sergey D.}, title = {Spectroscopic Study of Human Teeth and Blood from Visible to Terahertz Frequencies for Clinical Diagnosis of Dental Pulp Vitality}, series = {Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves}, volume = {33}, journal = {Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves}, publisher = {Springer}, issn = {1866-6906}, doi = {10.1007/s10762-012-9872-3}, pages = {366 -- 375}, abstract = {Transmission spectra of wet human teeth and dentin slices, together with blood of different flow rates were investigated. The measurements carried out over a wide spectral range, from visible light down to terahertz radiation. The results make it possible to find the optimum light frequency for an all-optical determination of pulpal blood flow and, consequently, for clinically diagnosis of tooth vitality.}, language = {en} } @article{KnoerzerHillerBrandtetal., author = {Kn{\"o}rzer, S. and Hiller, K-A and Brandt, M. and Niklas, Andreas and Putzger, J{\"u}rgen and Monkman, Gareth J. and Danilov, Sergey N. and Ganichev, Sergey D. and Schulz, Irene and Schmalz, Gottfried}, title = {Detection of pulsed blood flow through a molar pulp chamber and surrounding tissue in vitro}, series = {Journal of Clinical Oral Investigations}, volume = {23}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Oral Investigations}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s00784-018-2530-y}, pages = {1121 -- 1132}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES Due to severe limitations of dental pulp sensitivity tests, the direct recording of pulsed blood flow, using photoplethysmography (PPG), has been proposed. In vivo evaluation is methodologically difficult and in vitro models have hitherto been adversely influenced by shortcomings in emulating the in vivo situation. Consequently, the aim of this study was to test an improved data acquisition system and to use this configuration for recording pulsed blood in a new model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We introduced a PPG signal detection system by recording signals under different blood flow conditions at two wavelengths (625 and 940 nm). Pulsed blood flow signals were measured using an in vitro model, containing a molar with a glass pulp and a resin socket, which closely resembled in vivo conditions with regard to volumetric blood flow, pulp anatomy, and surrounding tissue. RESULTS The detection system showed improved signal strength without stronger blanketing of noise. On the tooth surface, it was possible to detect signals emanating from pulsed blood flow from the glass pulp and from surrounding tissue at 625 nm. At 940 nm, pulp derived signals were recorded, without interference signals from surrounding tissue. CONCLUSION The PPG-based method has the potential to detect pulsed blood flow in small volumes in the pulp and (at 625 nm) also in adjacent tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results show the need for clear differentiation of the spatial origins of blood flow signals of any vitality test method to be applied to teeth.}, language = {en} } @incollection{NiklasHillerJaegeretal., author = {Niklas, Andreas and Hiller, Karl-Anton and J{\"a}ger, Andreas and Brandt, M. and Putzger, J{\"u}rgen and Ermer, C. and Schulz, Irene and Monkman, Gareth J. and Giglberger, Stephan and Hirmer, Marion and Danilov, Sergey N. and Ganichev, Sergey D. and Schmalz, Gottfried}, title = {In vitro optical detection of simulated blood pulse in a human tooth pulp model}, series = {Biocompatibility of Dental Materials}, booktitle = {Biocompatibility of Dental Materials}, editor = {Arenholt-Bindslev, Dorthe and Schmalz, Gottfried}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DrexlerHirmerDanilovetal., author = {Drexler, C. and Hirmer, Marion and Danilov, Sergey N. and Giglberger, Stephan and Putzger, J{\"u}rgen and Niklas, Andreas and J{\"a}ger, Andreas and Hiller, K.A and L{\"o}ffler, S. and Schmalz, Gottfried and Redlich, B. and Schulz, Irene and Monkman, Gareth J. and Ganichev, Sergey D.}, title = {Infrared spectroscopy for clinical diagnosis of dental pulp vitality}, series = {37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimetre, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 37), 23-28 September 2012 , Wollongong, Australia}, booktitle = {37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimetre, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 37), 23-28 September 2012 , Wollongong, Australia}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, doi = {10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2012.6380091}, abstract = {Transmission spectra of wet human teeth and dentin slices, together with blood of different flow rates were investigated over a wide spectral range, from visible to terahertz (THz) light. The results make it possible to find the optimum light frequency for an all-optical determination of pulpal blood flow and, consequently, for clinically diagnosis of tooth vitality.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchulzPutzgerNiklasetal., author = {Schulz, Irene and Putzger, J{\"u}rgen and Niklas, Andreas and Brandt, M. and J{\"a}ger, Andreas and Hardt, A. and Kn{\"o}rzer, S. and Hiller, Karl-Anton and L{\"o}ffler, S. and Schmalz, Gottfried and Danilov, Sergey N. and Giglberger, Stephan and Hirmer, Marion and Ganichev, Sergey D. and Monkman, Gareth J.}, title = {PPG signal acquisition and analysis on in vitro tooth model for dental pulp vitality assessmen}, series = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, booktitle = {2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg}, publisher = {Shaker-Verlag}, address = {Aachen}, organization = {ARC}, pages = {142 -- 146}, language = {en} }