@article{BoeseBaumannMonkmanetal., author = {B{\"o}se, Holger and Baumann, Michael and Monkman, Gareth J. and Egersd{\"o}rfer, Stefan and Tunayar, A. and Freimuth, Herbert and Ermert, Helmut and Khaled, W.}, title = {A new ER fluid based haptic actuator system for virtual reality}, series = {International journal of modern physics / B Condensed matter physics, statistical physics}, volume = {19}, journal = {International journal of modern physics / B Condensed matter physics, statistical physics}, number = {7-9}, publisher = {World Scientific Publ.}, doi = {10.1142/9789812702197_0129 [Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt {\"u}bernehmen]}, pages = {1628 -- 1634}, abstract = {The concept and some steps in the development of a new actuator system which enables the haptic perception of mechanically inhomogeneous virtual objects are introduced. The system consists of a two-dimensional planar array of actuator elements containing an electrorheological (ER) fluid. When a user presses his fingers onto the surface of the actuator array, he perceives locally variable resistance forces generated by vertical pistons which slide in the ER fluid through the gaps between electrode pairs. The voltage in each actuator element can be individually controlled by a novel sophisticated switching technology based on optoelectric gallium arsenide elements. The haptic information which is represented at the actuator array can be transferred from a corresponding sensor system based on ultrasonic elastography. The combined sensor-actuator system may serve as a technology platform for various applications in virtual reality, like telemedicine where the information on the consistency of tissue of a real patient is detected by the sensor part and recorded by the actuator part at a remote location.}, language = {en} } @article{KleinFreimuthMonkmanetal., author = {Klein, Dagmar and Freimuth, Herbert and Monkman, Gareth J. and Egersd{\"o}rfer, Stefan and Meier, Alexander and B{\"o}se, Holger and Baumann, Michael and Ermert, Helmut and Bruhns, Otto T.}, title = {Electrorheological Tactile Elements}, series = {Mechatronics}, volume = {15}, journal = {Mechatronics}, number = {7}, publisher = {Pergamon}, address = {Oxford}, doi = {10.1016/j.mechatronics.2004.05.007}, pages = {883 -- 897}, abstract = {The use of ultrasound systems for medical examination and diagnosis is nothing new. The extension of ultrasound techniques for real time elastographic analysis purposes represents a more recent development. Nevertheless, as they stand all such techniques rely on the interpretation of two-dimensional visual data displayed on a video screen. In reality however, a medical doctor will make as much use of exploratory touch as he or she does vision, making the simultaneous portrayal of both video and tactile information most desirable [B{\"o}se H, Monkman GJ, Freimuth H, Ermert H. Haptisches Sensor-Aktor-System uaf der grundlage der Echtzeitelastographie sowie von elktro- und magnetorheologischen Materialien "HASASEM" [3]. BMBF Antrag 01 IR A14D, Oktober 2000]. This paper discusses the preliminary tests and basic design parameters for single tactels using electrorheological fluids. The final aim is to produce a prototype three-dimensional tactile display comprising electrically switchable micro-machined cells whose mechanical moduli are governed by phase changes experienced by electrorheological fluids. This will be integrated with the latest elastographic ultrasonic sensor systems in order to present the human fingers with controllable surfaces capable of emulating biological tissue, muscle and bone.}, language = {en} }