@article{ThemaBauerSterner, author = {Thema, Martin and Bauer, Franz and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Power-to-Gas: Electrolysis and methanation status review}, series = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews}, volume = {112}, journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews}, number = {7}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2019.06.030}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-26238}, pages = {775 -- 787}, abstract = {This review gives a worldwide overview on Power-to-Gas projects producing hydrogen or renewable substitute natural gas focusing projects in central Europe. It deepens and completes the content of previous reviews by including hitherto unreviewed projects and by combining project names with details such as plant location. It is based on data from 153 completed, recent and planned projects since 1988 which were evaluated with regards to plant allocation, installed power development, plant size, shares and amounts of hydrogen or substitute natural gas producing examinations and product utilization phases. Cost development for electrolysis and carbon dioxide methanation was analyzed and a projection until 2030 is given with an outlook to 2050. The results show substantial cost reductions for electrolysis as well as for methanation during the recent years and a further price decline to less than 500 euro per kilowatt electric power input for both technologies until 2050 is estimated if cost projection follows the current trend. Most of the projects examined are located in Germany, Denmark, the United States of America and Canada. Following an exponential global trend to increase installed power, today's Power-to-Gas applications are operated at about 39 megawatt. Hydrogen and substitute natural gas were investigated on equal terms concerning the number of projects.}, language = {en} } @article{SternerHofrichterMeisingeretal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Hofrichter, Andreas and Meisinger, Alexander and Bauer, Franz and Pinkwart, Karsten and Maletzko, Annabelle and Dittmar, Felix and Cremers, Carsten}, title = {19 Import options for green hydrogen and derivatives - An overview of efficiencies and technology readiness levels}, series = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {90}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.045}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77756}, pages = {1112 -- 1127}, abstract = {The import of hydrogen and derivatives forms part of many national strategies and is fundamental to achieving climate protection targets. This paper provides an overview and technical comparison of import pathways for hydrogen and derivatives in terms of efficiency, technological maturity and development and construction times with a focus on the period up to 2030. The import of hydrogen via pipeline has the highest system efficiency at 57-67 \% and the highest technological maturity with a technology readiness level (TRL) of 8-9. The import of ammonia and methanol via ship and of SNG via pipeline shows efficiencies in the range of 39-64 \% and a technological maturity of TRL 7 to 9 when using point sources. Liquid hydrogen, LOHC and Fischer-Tropsch products have the lowest efficiency and TRL in comparison. The use of direct air capture (DAC) reduces efficiency and TRL considerably. Reconversion of the derivatives to hydrogen is also associated with high losses and is not achievable for all technologies on an industrial scale up to 2030. In the short to medium term, import routes for derivatives that can utilise existing infrastructures and mature technologies are the most promising for imports. In the long term, the most promising option is hydrogen via pipelines.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SternerBauerCrotoginoetal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Bauer, Franz and Crotogino, Fritz and Eckert, Fabian and von Olshausen, Christian and Teichmann, Daniel and Thema, Martin}, title = {Chemical Energy Storage}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_8}, pages = {325 -- 482}, abstract = {Purely electrical energy storage technologies are very efficient, however they are also very expensive and have the smallest capacities. Electrochemical-energy storage reaches higher capacities at smaller costs, but at the expense of efficiency. This pattern continues in a similar way for chemical-energy storage. In terms of capacities, the limits of batteries (accumulators) are reached when low-loss long-term storage is of need. Chemical-energy storage and stocking fulfills these requirements completely. The storing itself may be subject to significant efficiency losses, but, from today's point of view and in combination with the existing gas and fuel infrastructure, it is the only national option with regards to the long-term storage of renewable energies. Chemical-energy storage is the backbone of today's conventional energy supply. Solid (wood and coal), liquid (mineral oil), and gaseous (natural gas) energy carriers are 'energy storages' themselves, and are stored using different technologies. In the course of energy transition, chemical-energy storage will be of significant importance, mainly as long-term storage for the power sector, but also in the form of combustibles and fuels for transport and heat. Not only are conventional storing technologies discussed within this chapter, but a detailed explanation is also given about the storage of renewable energies in the form of gaseous (power-to-gas, PtG) and liquid (power-to-liquid, PtL) energy carriers for electricity, heat, chemicals, and in the form of synthetic fuels.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SternerBauer, author = {Sterner, Michael and Bauer, Franz}, title = {Definition and Classification of Energy Storage Systems}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_2}, pages = {23 -- 47}, abstract = {Energy supply always requires energy storage—either as an intrinsic property or as additional system. It is an intrinsic property of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels, although less so of water-borne heat, but not of electricity. So to meet variable demands and supplies, heat and electricity networks usually require additional storage systems. When they are added to an energy network, should they be viewed as 'suppliers' or as 'consumers'? Who is responsible for covering the costs of storage systems? To categorize storage systems in the energy sector, they first need to be carefully defined. This chapter defines storage as well as storage systems, describes their use, and then classifies storage systems according to temporal, spatial, physical, energy-related, and economic criteria.}, language = {de} } @misc{ThemaBauerSterner, author = {Thema, Martin and Bauer, Franz and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Power-to-Gas world status report}, series = {International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, D{\"u}sseldorf 14.-16.03.2019}, journal = {International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, D{\"u}sseldorf 14.-16.03.2019}, language = {de} } @incollection{SternerBauerCrotoginoetal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Bauer, Franz and Crotogino, Fritz and Eckert, Fabian and von Olshausen, Christian and Teichmann, Daniel and Thema, Martin}, title = {Chemische Energiespeicher}, series = {Energiespeicher - Bedarf, Technologien, Integration}, booktitle = {Energiespeicher - Bedarf, Technologien, Integration}, edition = {2. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-48893-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-48893-5_8}, pages = {327 -- 493}, subject = {Energiespeicher}, language = {de} } @incollection{SternerBauer, author = {Sterner, Michael and Bauer, Franz}, title = {Definition und Klassifizierung von Energiespeichern}, series = {Energiespeicher - Bedarf, Technologien, Integration}, booktitle = {Energiespeicher - Bedarf, Technologien, Integration}, edition = {2. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-48892-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-48893-5_2}, pages = {25 -- 49}, subject = {Energiespeicher}, language = {de} } @techreport{SoergelLudererEmelianovaetal., author = {S{\"o}rgel, Dominika and Luderer, Gunnar and Emelianova, Polina and Koch, Otto and Timpe, Christof and Bauer, Franz and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Kopernikus-Szenarienvergleich - Robuste Eigenschaften von Klimaschutzpfaden zur Treibhausgasneutralit{\"a}t 2045 und relevante Unsicherheiten}, publisher = {Kopernikus-Projekte}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {54 S.}, abstract = {Im Rahmen der vier Kopernikus-Projekte - Ariadne, ENSURE, P2X und SynErgie - wird die Transformation des deutschen Energiesystems hin zur Klimaneutralit{\"a}t analysiert. Im vorliegenden Bericht werden hierbei robuste Kernaussagen und relevante Unsicherheiten derjenigen Szenarien der Kopernikus-Schwesterprojekte dargestellt, die zur Zielsetzung die Klimaneutralit{\"a}t 2045 haben. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf Indikatoren, die eine besonders hohe klimapolitische Relevanz haben.}, language = {de} } @incollection{BauerGawlikSterneretal., author = {Bauer, Franz and Gawlik, Julia and Sterner, Michael and Hamacher, Thomas}, title = {{\"U}bergreifende Energiesystemmodellierung}, series = {Optionen f{\"u}r ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X-Technologien: Transformation - Anwendungen - Potentiale. 4. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes P2X, Phase II}, booktitle = {Optionen f{\"u}r ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X-Technologien: Transformation - Anwendungen - Potentiale. 4. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes P2X, Phase II}, editor = {Ausfelder, Florian and Du Tran, Dinh}, publisher = {DECHEMA Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V.}, address = {Frankfurt a.M.}, isbn = {978-3-89746-238-0}, pages = {17 -- 35}, language = {de} } @incollection{BauerGawlikSterneretal., author = {Bauer, Franz and Gawlik, Julia and Sterner, Michael and Hamacher, Thomas}, title = {{\"U}bergreifende Energiesystemmodellierung}, series = {Optionen f{\"u}r ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X-Technologien: Transformation - Anwendungen - Potentiale. 3. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes P2X, Phase II}, booktitle = {Optionen f{\"u}r ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X-Technologien: Transformation - Anwendungen - Potentiale. 3. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes P2X, Phase II}, editor = {Ausfelder, Florian and Dura, Hanna Ewy}, publisher = {DECHEMA Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V.}, address = {Frankfurt a.M.}, isbn = {978-3-89746-236-6}, pages = {19 -- 33}, language = {de} }