@misc{Weiss, author = {Weiss, Nils}, title = {Reverse Engineering and Weaponizing OBD Dongles}, series = {Automotive Security Research Group, Stuttgart, Germany 2019, Meeting 22}, journal = {Automotive Security Research Group, Stuttgart, Germany 2019, Meeting 22}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {"Beim Essen lasse ich mir nicht reinreden" - Essen und Autonomie}, series = {Gastrosophical Turn. Essen zwischen Medizin und {\"O}ffentlichkeit}, booktitle = {Gastrosophical Turn. Essen zwischen Medizin und {\"O}ffentlichkeit}, editor = {Hoffstadt, Christian F. and Peschke, Franz and Schulz-Buchta, Andreas and Nagenborg, Michael}, publisher = {Projekt-Verlag}, address = {Bochum}, pages = {9 Seiten}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WeberScornaHaug, author = {Weber, Karsten and Scorna, Ulrike and Haug, Sonja}, title = {ELSI in Serious Games f{\"u}r die technikunterst{\"u}tzte medizinische Ausbildung: das Beispiel HaptiVisT}, series = {3. Transdisziplin{\"a}re Konferenz "Technische Unterst{\"u}tzungssysteme, die die Menschen wirklich wollen", 11.-12.12.2018, Hamburg}, booktitle = {3. Transdisziplin{\"a}re Konferenz "Technische Unterst{\"u}tzungssysteme, die die Menschen wirklich wollen", 11.-12.12.2018, Hamburg}, editor = {Weidner, Robert and Karafillidis, Athanasios}, publisher = {Helmut-Schmidt-Universit{\"a}t}, address = {Hamburg}, isbn = {978-3-86818-245-3}, pages = {187 -- 194}, abstract = {Das haptisch-visuelle Trainingssystem HaptiVisT zur Unterst{\"u}tzung der chirurgischen Ausbildung f{\"u}r zwei chirurgische Anwendungsfelder (Cochlea-Implantationen und minimalinvasive Handchirurgie) im Rahmen eines Serious Games ber{\"u}hrt zentrale medizinethische Prinzipien (Autonomie, Nichtschaden, Wohltun, Gerechtigkeit) sowie rechtliche und soziale Fragen. Bei der Entwicklung ist von Projektbeginn an eine Begleitforschung zu ethischen, rechtlichen und sozialen Implikationen (ELSI) vorgesehen, deren Methodik und erste Ergebnisse vorgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse st{\"u}tzen sich auf eine empirisch basierte Anforderungsanalyse aus Anwender- und Entwicklersicht.}, subject = {Unterst{\"u}tzungstechnologie}, language = {de} } @article{OttPalmVogtetal., author = {Ott, Tankred and Palm, Christoph and Vogt, Robert and Oberprieler, Christoph}, title = {GinJinn: An object-detection pipeline for automated feature extraction from herbarium specimens}, series = {Applications in Plant Sciences}, volume = {8}, journal = {Applications in Plant Sciences}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley, Botanical Society of America}, issn = {2168-0450}, doi = {10.1002/aps3.11351}, pages = {e11351}, abstract = {PREMISE: The generation of morphological data in evolutionary, taxonomic, and ecological studies of plants using herbarium material has traditionally been a labor-intensive task. Recent progress in machine learning using deep artificial neural networks (deep learning) for image classification and object detection has facilitated the establishment of a pipeline for the automatic recognition and extraction of relevant structures in images of herbarium specimens. METHODS AND RESULTS: We implemented an extendable pipeline based on state-of-the-art deep-learning object-detection methods to collect leaf images from herbarium specimens of two species of the genus Leucanthemum. Using 183 specimens as the training data set, our pipeline extracted one or more intact leaves in 95\% of the 61 test images. CONCLUSIONS: We establish GinJinn as a deep-learning object-detection tool for the automatic recognition and extraction of individual leaves or other structures from herbarium specimens. Our pipeline offers greater flexibility and a lower entrance barrier than previous image-processing approaches based on hand-crafted features.}, subject = {Deep Learning}, language = {en} } @article{KohlenBenschMeusslingSentpali, author = {Kohlen, H. and Bensch, S. and Meussling-Sentpali, Annette}, title = {Ern{\"a}hrung und Fl{\"u}ssigkeitsversorgung alter Menschen}, series = {Pflegezeitschrift}, volume = {62}, journal = {Pflegezeitschrift}, number = {3}, pages = {146ff.}, language = {de} } @incollection{RolfesBittnerSonaretal., author = {Rolfes, Vasilija and Bittner, Uta and Sonar, A. and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Stigmatisierung {\"u}bergewichtiger und adip{\"o}ser Patient*innen in der digitalisierten Medizin}, series = {Menschenrechte im Gesundheitswesen. Vom Krankenhaus zur Landesebene}, booktitle = {Menschenrechte im Gesundheitswesen. Vom Krankenhaus zur Landesebene}, editor = {Hack, L. and Bergemann, Lutz and Bielefeldt, H. and Frewer, Andreas}, publisher = {K{\"o}nigshausen \& Neumann}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-8260-6902-4}, pages = {121 -- 143}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Informationsethik und technisierte {\"U}berwachung}, series = {1984.exe - Gesellschaftliche, politische und juristische Aspekte moderner {\"U}berwachungstechnologien}, booktitle = {1984.exe - Gesellschaftliche, politische und juristische Aspekte moderner {\"U}berwachungstechnologien}, editor = {Gaycken, Sandro and Kurz, Constanze}, publisher = {Transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, pages = {283 -- 302}, language = {de} } @article{MeusslingSentpali, author = {Meussling-Sentpali, Annette}, title = {Editorial}, series = {ChrisCare. Magazin f{\"u}r Christen im Gesundheitswesen}, journal = {ChrisCare. Magazin f{\"u}r Christen im Gesundheitswesen}, number = {2}, language = {de} } @article{MeusslingSentpali, author = {Meussling-Sentpali, Annette}, title = {Hospizversorgung und Palliative Care fl{\"a}chendeckend - und alles wird gut?}, series = {ChrisCare. Magazin f{\"u}r Christen im Gesundheitswesen}, journal = {ChrisCare. Magazin f{\"u}r Christen im Gesundheitswesen}, number = {3}, pages = {16 -- 17}, language = {de} } @article{MeusslingSentpaliSchiffner, author = {Meussling-Sentpali, Annette and Schiffner, G.}, title = {Editorial}, series = {ChrisCare. Magazin f{\"u}r Christen im Gesundheitswesen}, journal = {ChrisCare. Magazin f{\"u}r Christen im Gesundheitswesen}, number = {1}, language = {de} } @incollection{MeusslingSentpali, author = {Meussling-Sentpali, Annette}, title = {"Christliche Pflege" oder "als Christen pflegen"?}, series = {Christliche Heilkunde. Zug{\"a}nge. Mit Beitr{\"a}gen aus Theologie, Medizin, Pflege, Psychologie, Diakonie, Weltkirche.}, booktitle = {Christliche Heilkunde. Zug{\"a}nge. Mit Beitr{\"a}gen aus Theologie, Medizin, Pflege, Psychologie, Diakonie, Weltkirche.}, editor = {Koller, R. and Schiffner, G.}, isbn = {978-3-94023-206-9}, pages = {39 -- 49}, language = {de} } @article{MeusslingSentpaliFornacon, author = {Meussling-Sentpali, Annette and Fornacon, F.}, title = {Editorial}, series = {ChrisCare. Magazin f{\"u}r Christen im Gesundheitswesen}, journal = {ChrisCare. Magazin f{\"u}r Christen im Gesundheitswesen}, number = {4}, language = {de} } @book{GiebelLubatschMeusslingSentpali, author = {Giebel, Astrid and Lubatsch, Heike and Meussling-Sentpali, Annette}, title = {DiakonieCare}, publisher = {Neukirchener Verl.}, address = {Neukirchen-Vluyn}, isbn = {978-3-7887-2732-1}, pages = {148}, subject = {Ausbildung}, language = {de} } @book{MeusslingSentpali, author = {Meussling-Sentpali, Annette}, title = {"Ich rede dar{\"u}ber - anders geht es nicht."}, publisher = {hps media}, address = {Hungen}, pages = {288}, subject = {Ambulanter Hilfs- und Pflegedienst}, language = {de} } @article{MeusslingSentpali, author = {Meussling-Sentpali, Annette}, title = {Spiritualit{\"a}t als Dimension pflegerischen Handelns}, series = {CNE.fortbildung}, volume = {3}, journal = {CNE.fortbildung}, number = {Lerneinheit 11}, publisher = {Thieme}, pages = {5 -- 9}, language = {de} } @article{MeusslingSentpali, author = {Meussling-Sentpali, Annette}, title = {Professionalisierung und Geschlechterverh{\"a}ltnisse in der Pflege}, series = {Interessenvertretung und Care}, journal = {Interessenvertretung und Care}, editor = {Rudolph, Clarissa and Schmidt, Katja}, publisher = {Westf{\"a}lisches Dampfboot}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, isbn = {978-3-89691-270-1}, pages = {37 -- 53}, subject = {Pflegeberuf}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Robotik in der Pflege- und Gesundheitsversorgung}, series = {Genese und Folgen der Pflegerobotik}, booktitle = {Genese und Folgen der Pflegerobotik}, number = {196}, editor = {Hergesell, J. and Meister, M. and Maibaum, A.}, publisher = {Beltz/Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-5243-5}, abstract = {Drei Ver{\"a}nderungen charakterisieren den demografischen Wandel in Deutschland: steigende durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung, der Anteil der Alten und Hochbetagten w{\"a}chst und der Anteil der j{\"u}ngeren Generationen schrumpft. Konsequenzen sind ein Zuwachs chronisch-degenerativer und pflegeintensiver Erkrankungen, ein schrumpfendes Arbeitskr{\"a}ftepotenzial und vor der {\"U}berlastung stehende soziale Sicherungssysteme. Abhilfe soll durch verst{\"a}rkten Technikeinsatz in der Pflege, insbesondere durch Roboter, geleistet werden: Roboter sollen Pflegekr{\"a}fte erg{\"a}nzen oder ersetzen, um dem Pflegenotstand zu begegnen und die Kosten der Pflege zu senken. Damit gehen aber zahlreiche Herausforderungen einher, die nicht zuletzt ethische Fragen ber{\"u}hren: Eine durch Technik bzw. Roboter gest{\"u}tzte Pflege wird diese in ihrem Kern ver{\"a}ndern, Professions- und Menschenbilder werden infrage gestellt und moralische Anspr{\"u}che tangiert. Der Beitrag zeichnet diese Gemengelage nach und skizziert ein diskursethisch ausgerichtetes Verfahren (MEESTAR) zur Aushandlung der Bedingungen f{\"u}r den Robotereinsatz in der Pflege- und Gesundheitsversorgung.}, language = {de} } @incollection{WeberKleine, author = {Weber, Karsten and Kleine, Nadine}, title = {Cybersecurity in Health Care}, series = {The Ethics of Cybersecurity}, volume = {21}, booktitle = {The Ethics of Cybersecurity}, editor = {Christen, Markus and Gordijn, Bert and Loi, Michele}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-030-29053-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-29053-5_7}, pages = {139 -- 156}, abstract = {Ethical questions have always been crucial in health care; the rapid dissemination of ICT makes some of those questions even more pressing and also raises new ones. One of these new questions is cybersecurity in relation to ethics in health care. In order to more closely examine this issue, this chapter introduces Beauchamp and Childress' four principles of biomedical ethics as well as additional ethical values and technical aims of relevance for health care. Based on this, two case studies—implantable medical devices and electronic Health Card—are presented, which illustrate potential conflicts between ethical values and technical aims as well as between ethical values themselves. It becomes apparent that these conflicts cannot be eliminated in general but must be reconsidered on a case-by-case basis. An ethical debate on cybersecurity regarding the design and implementation of new (digital) technologies in health care is essential.}, language = {en} } @incollection{AltenbuchnerWeber, author = {Altenbuchner, Amelie and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Geriatric trauma patients as research subjects in a technology-driven research project}, series = {Aging between Participation and Simulation}, booktitle = {Aging between Participation and Simulation}, editor = {Haltaufderheide, Joschka and Hovemann, Johanna and Vollmann, Jochen}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin u.a.}, isbn = {9783110677485}, doi = {10.1515/9783110677485-006}, pages = {87 -- 104}, abstract = {This article highlights methodological and ethical challenges in research with adults of older and oldest age, by presenting field experiences of the current research project "Motion Monitoring of Geriatric Trauma Patients - Explorative Study on the Rehabilitation Process after Hip Fracture Using Sensor-based Data". Depiction of the survey situation, with regard to the subjects in particular, can serve as practical examples for designing future research projects. The group of older adults is a rather large and growing group for which research is required, especially concerning their heterogeneity, their individual autonomy and quality of life. It is assumed, that research designs of studies on the target group must be specifically adjusted, in particular when considering the attribution of vulnerability of the group members. At the same time, it is not clear yet what exact specifics of the subjects and target group must be considered in research designs, as surprisingly little is known about the target group as subjects and corresponding theories have been insufficiently tested. The exploratory long-term design of the research project presented in the second section of this chapter has a positive evaluation of an ethics committee. Still ethical challenges occurred in the field situation, that are illustrated in the third section of this chapter, by providing information on the patients, their role as research subjects, how they were recruited, how an informed consensus was reached, and in some cases how participation was rejected or abandoned. After a summary, the end of the paper is marked by recommendations on how to design future research projects. Cumulatively it must always be expected that interaction between researchers and research subjects of this target group can become very intensive, what requires to follow clearly defined procedures and at the same time to be prepared to act flexibly.}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Brauchen wir eine Ethik der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie?}, series = {Ethica}, volume = {8}, journal = {Ethica}, number = {2}, pages = {115 -- 138}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Die Sozionik und das Soziale}, series = {KI}, journal = {KI}, number = {4}, pages = {59 -- 60}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Der Mythos von der globalen Wissensgesellschaft}, series = {Ethica}, volume = {9}, journal = {Ethica}, number = {2}, pages = {191 -- 197}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Grenzen von Ethikcodizes}, series = {Kriterion - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Philosophie}, volume = {15}, journal = {Kriterion - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Philosophie}, pages = {3 -- 12}, abstract = {Technology penetrates into all areas of our everyday and individual life and changes it in a considerable speed. This applies particularly to developments of information and communication technology since this technology shows its effects not only at our workplaces but transforms and sometimes determines the social behavior of people. Unfortunately, development and use of technology certainly doesn't go hand into hand with the acceptance of responsibility for consequences of effects of developing and using technology. Instead, the opposite behavior is quite common. If this process of the rejection of responsibility shall be stopped, the sensibility of developers and users of technology for consequences of their own behavior have to be aroused and trengthened. In the following text at first I will describe some reasons to formulate ethical guidelines. After this, with the example of the ethical guidelines of the German Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e. V. (GI), I will discuss, whether such ethical guidelines are ethical in the strict sense of the word and whether they actually can be a contribution to accomplish the striven aim of assignment of responsibility for the results of developing and using technology.}, language = {de} } @article{WeberHaug, author = {Weber, Karsten and Haug, Sonja}, title = {Deins? Meins? Unsers? Wie gehen Internetnutzer mit dem Eigentum anderer um?}, series = {ETHICA}, volume = {10}, journal = {ETHICA}, number = {1}, pages = {77 -- 83}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Computersimulationen als Weltmodelle. Wissenschaftstheoretische Anmerkungen zur Nutzung von Modellen und Simulationen in den Geistes-, Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften}, series = {Semiotische Weltmodelle}, booktitle = {Semiotische Weltmodelle}, editor = {Schr{\"o}der, Hartmut and Bock, U.}, publisher = {LIT}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, pages = {635 -- 653}, language = {de} } @article{WeberHaug, author = {Weber, Karsten and Haug, Sonja}, title = {Konfrontation oder Kompromiss?}, series = {Ethica}, volume = {11}, journal = {Ethica}, number = {2}, pages = {163 -- 186}, language = {de} } @article{HaugWeber, author = {Haug, Sonja and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Tauschnetzwerke im Internet und im Freundeskreis: Eine empirische Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit der Reziprozit{\"a}tsnorm beim Tauschen. Teil II: Ergebnisse der Online-Befragung}, series = {kommunikation@gesellschaft}, volume = {4}, journal = {kommunikation@gesellschaft}, pages = {1 -- 23}, abstract = {Der folgende Beitrag behandelt das Problem der Reziprozit{\"a}t beim Tausch. Dabei wird ausgehend von der Rational-Choice-Theorie argumentiert, dass Vor- und Gegenleistungen beim generalisierten Tausch riskant sind und die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung eines Tauschsystems einem Trittbrettfahrerproblem unterliegt. Demzufolge w{\"a}re der Tausch unter Freunden wahrscheinlicher als der Tausch unter Bedingungen der (relativen) Anonymit{\"a}t, wie sie im Internet und den dort existierenden File-Sharing-Systmen vorliegen. Nichtsdestotrotz treten Tauschhandlungen in File-Sharing-Systemen im Internet h{\"a}ufig auf. Das Ziel liegt in einer Erkl{\"a}rung dieses Ph{\"a}nomens. Teil I umfasst den theoretischen Hintergrund einer empirischen Studie zu Bestimmungsfaktoren der Reziprozit{\"a}t beim Tausch unter Freunden und in Internet-Tauschb{\"o}rsen. In einem zweiten Teil des Beitrags (Haug/Weber 2003b) wird eine Einf{\"u}hrung in die Funktionsweise von Internet-Tauschb{\"o}rsen gegeben sowie die Ergebnisse der Online-Befragung vorgestellt.}, language = {de} } @article{HaugWeber, author = {Haug, Sonja and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Tauschnetzwerke im Internet und im Freundeskreis: Eine empirische Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit der Reziprozit{\"a}tsnorm beim Tauschen. Teil I: Bestimmungsfaktoren der Reziprozit{\"a}t beim Tauschen}, series = {kommunikation@gesellschaft}, volume = {4}, journal = {kommunikation@gesellschaft}, pages = {1 -- 14}, abstract = {Der folgende Beitrag behandelt das Problem der Reziprozit{\"a}t beim Tausch. Dabei wird aus-gehend von der Rational-Choice-Theorie argumentiert, dass Vor- und Gegenleistungen beim generalisierten Tausch riskant sind und die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung eines Tauschsystems einem Trittbrettfahrerproblem unterliegt. Demzufolge w{\"a}re der Tausch unter Freunden wahrscheinlicher als der Tausch unter Bedingungen der (relativen) Anonymit{\"a}t, wie sie im Internet und den dort existierenden File-Sharing-Systmen vorliegen. Nichtsdestotrotz treten Tauschhandlungen in File-Sharing-Systemen im Internet h{\"a}ufig auf. Das Ziel liegt in einer Erkl{\"a}rung dieses Ph{\"a}nomens. Teil I umfasst den theoretischen Hintergrund einer empirischen Studie zu Bestimmungsfaktoren der Reziprozit{\"a}t beim Tausch unter Freunden und in Internet-Tauschb{\"o}rsen. In einem zweiten Teil des Beitrags (Haug/Weber 2003b) wird eine Einf{\"u}hrung in die Funktionsweise von Internet-Tauschb{\"o}rsen gegeben sowie die Ergebnisse der Online-Befragung orgestellt.}, language = {de} } @article{BittnerCapurroCoyetal., author = {Bittner, Peter and Capurro, Rafael and Coy, Wolfgang and Hornecker, Eva and Kurz, Constanze and R{\"o}diger, Karl-Heinz and Schinzel, Britta and Twisselmann, Ute and Vollmar, Rainer and Weber, Karsten and Winter, Alfred and Winter, Cornelia}, title = {Ethische Leitlinien der GI}, series = {Informatik Spektrum}, volume = {26}, journal = {Informatik Spektrum}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1007/s00287-003-0346-9}, abstract = {Seit Ihrer Verabschiedung im Jahr 1994 waren die Ethischen Leitlinien der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik Gegenstand zuweilen kontroverser Diskussionen. Einerseits wurde begr{\"u}ßt, dass sich die GI verbindlich an ein ethisches Regelwerk bindet und dadurch ihren Mitgliedern einen Leitfaden an die Hand gibt, um in Konfliktsituationen besser entscheiden zu k{\"o}nnen. Andererseits wurde bem{\"a}ngelt, dass die Ethischen Leitlinien Forderungen stellten, die f{\"u}r professionelles Handeln unabdingbar seien und deshalb keine ethischen Anspr{\"u}che darstellten. Des Weiteren wurde kritisiert, dass die Ethischen Leitlinien zu sehr im Abstrakten verharrten und deshalb keine konkrete Handlungsanweisung geben k{\"o}nnten. Die fachlichen und {\"u}berfachlichen Anforderungen wurden zuweilen als zu anspruchsvoll empfunden. Einige dieser Kritikpunkte sind sicherlich berechtigt. Im November 2001 begann der Arbeitskreis „Informatik und Verantwortung" im Fachbereich Informatik und Gesellschaft (IuG) mit der {\"U}berarbeitung der Ethischen Leitlinien. Der hier vorgelegte Entwurf greift einige dieser Kritikpunkte auf. Seine Publikation soll eine breitere Diskussion innerhalb der GI erm{\"o}glichen. Die Autorinnen und Autoren dieses Entwurfs freuen sich auf diese Auseinandersetzung, die in der letzten Sitzung des Arbeitskreises durch den Vertreter der Selbst{\"a}ndigen in der GI mit dem Hinweis begonnen wurde, dass den Leitlinien ein Berufsbild zugrunde liegt, in dem die Selbst{\"a}ndigen nicht vorkommen. Die anl{\"a}sslich der Informatik 2003 gegr{\"u}ndete Fachgruppe "Informatik und Ethik" wird sich zu ihrer ersten Aufgabe machen, die Ergebnisse dieser Diskussion in die endg{\"u}ltige Version einfließen zu lassen. Entsprechende Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge und Anregungen sollten an Karl-Heinz R{\"o}diger (E-Mail: roediger@informatik.uni-bremen.de), kommissarischer Sprecher der Fachgruppe, gerichtet werden.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Die Schließung der digitalen Spaltung}, series = {Ethica}, volume = {12}, journal = {Ethica}, number = {2}, issn = {1021-8122}, pages = {115 -- 136}, language = {de} } @article{NagenborgWeber, author = {Nagenborg, Michael and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Wer und wo bist Du, wenn Du {\"u}ber das Internet sprichst?}, series = {Information: Wissenschaft und Praxis}, volume = {55}, journal = {Information: Wissenschaft und Praxis}, number = {8}, pages = {489 -- 490}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Social Aspects of Non-Proprietary Software}, series = {IJIE, International Journal of Information Ethics}, volume = {2}, journal = {IJIE, International Journal of Information Ethics}, number = {11}, issn = {1614-1687}, pages = {1 -- 8}, abstract = {This paper shall give a brief history of Free Software and Open Source, then shall describe the background philosophy of these social movements and the social aspects of the non-proprietary software community in more detail, and address possible problems which could arise, for instance, for public funding of non-proprietary software development or for concepts of responsibility in the ethics of technology. Finally, a possible future of non-proprietary software shall be outlined, which strongly differs from the bright forecasts of the mainstream Open Source and Free Software supporters.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Von den Grenzen der "grenzenlosen" Freiheit der elektronischen M{\"o}glichkeiten - Wo bleibt der Mensch?}, series = {Informationes Theologiae Europae - Internationales {\"o}kumenisches Jahrbuch der Theologie}, volume = {15}, booktitle = {Informationes Theologiae Europae - Internationales {\"o}kumenisches Jahrbuch der Theologie}, pages = {83 -- 99}, abstract = {Sowohl in {\"o}ffentlichen Debatten wie auch in wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen wird Informationsund Kommunikationstechnologie h{\"a}ufig als eine Gefahr f{\"u}r unser Leben angesehen. Insbesondere wird vor der Erosion der Privatsph{\"a}re, vor Autonomie- und Freiheitsverlusten gewarnt. Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie, so wird behauptet, wird unbegrenzte M{\"o}glichkeiten allgegenw{\"a}rtiger {\"U}berwachung und Kontrolle bieten und zur Wandlung der Menschen vom Subjekt der Technikgestaltung zum durch Technik determinierten Objekt beitragen. Um dies zu verhindern, wird h{\"a}ufig nach mehr order minder restriktiver Regulierung gerufen. Im Folgenden soll jedoch gezeigt werden, dass gerade eine solche Regulierung jene {\"A}ngste wahr werden lassen k{\"o}nnte.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Reichweite und Grenzen der Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung und Technikgestaltung}, series = {Die Zukunft der R{\"a}ume. Gesellschaftliche Fragen auf dem Weg zur Ambient Intelligence}, booktitle = {Die Zukunft der R{\"a}ume. Gesellschaftliche Fragen auf dem Weg zur Ambient Intelligence}, editor = {Lingner, Stephan and Lutterbeck, Bernd and Pallas, Frank}, publisher = {Europ{\"a}ische Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-technischer Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH}, address = {Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler}, pages = {53 -- 65}, language = {de} } @article{NagenborgWeber, author = {Nagenborg, Michael and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Der Wandel der Medienanbieter und die Notwendigkeit eines Paradigmenwechsels in der Medienethik}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kommunikations{\"o}kologie und Medienethik}, volume = {7}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kommunikations{\"o}kologie und Medienethik}, number = {1}, issn = {1861-2687}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Editorial: Konflikte der Zukunft - Antworten der Ethik}, series = {Ethcia}, volume = {14}, journal = {Ethcia}, number = {1}, pages = {1 -- 3}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {New Methods in Human Subjects Research: Do We Need a New Ethics?}, series = {Building on Progress: Expanding the Research Infrastructure for the Social, Economic, and Behavioral Sciences, Band 2}, booktitle = {Building on Progress: Expanding the Research Infrastructure for the Social, Economic, and Behavioral Sciences, Band 2}, editor = {Rat f{\"u}r Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten,}, publisher = {Budrich UniPress}, address = {Opladen}, pages = {657 -- 672}, abstract = {Online surveys and interviews, the observations of chat rooms or online games, data mining, knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), collecting biomarkers, employing biometrics, using RFID technology - even as implants in the human body - and other related processes all seem to be more promising, cheaper, faster, and comprehensive than conventional methods of human subjects research. But at the same time these new means of gathering information may pose powerful threats to privacy, autonomy, and informed consent. Online research, particularly involving children and minors but also other vulnerable groups such as ethnic or religious minorities, is in urgent need of an adequate research ethics that can provide reasonable and morally justified constraints for human subjects research. The paper at hand seeks to provide some clarification of these new means of information gathering and the challenges they present to moral concepts like privacy, autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, and justice. Some existing codes of conduct and ethical guidelines are examined to determine whether they provide answers to those challenges and/or whether they can be helpful in the development of principles and regulations governing human subjects research. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations are presented that can help in the task of formulating an adequate research ethics for human subjects research.}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Privacy Invasion}, series = {EMBO Reports / Science and Society}, volume = {7}, journal = {EMBO Reports / Science and Society}, number = {Special Issue „Science and Security"}, doi = {10.1038/sj.embor.7400684}, pages = {536 -- 539}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Bilder l{\"u}gen nicht}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kommunikations{\"o}kologie und Medienethik}, volume = {1}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kommunikations{\"o}kologie und Medienethik}, number = {8}, issn = {1861-2687}, pages = {45 -- 48}, abstract = {Current productions of motion pictures often include computer generated images which shortly are called CGI. In the cinema, spectators of such motion pictures are aware of the fact that they consume a kind a fantasy. Of course, even those fantasies can have the effect that spectators believe in the story and are immersed into the imagined world. However, when spectators leave the cinema almost all adult individuals with normal cognitive capacities know that they have consumed a fantasy. But there is a context of application of such CGIs that makes it quite difficult to draw the line between reality and imagination. If CGIs are used in media formats like documentations of past events, in scientific oriented programs, or in films which shall be used in school, computer generated images can have quite disturbing effects. For example, in 1999 the BBC featured a famous TV series on dinosaurs and massively used CGIs to visualize those creatures. However, a lot of the characteristics of dinosaurs which are presented as facts in the series are merely bold conjectures. Did dinosaurs make sounds, how did they behave: These are questions which cannot be answered with the tools of archaeology and by interpreting the remains of dinosaurs. Therefore, the CGIs in the series provide a view on reality which might be merely a sophisticated imagination. While experts in the field may recognize that, lay people, for instance children, do not have the cog-nitive capacities to see this problem. Therefore, they are likely to believe that dinosaurs were exactly the way they are shown in those series. This is not only an epistemological problem but a moral one. From (media) ethics point of view, it is necessary to make clear what is backed up by scientific evidence and what is merely a conjecture that can be visualized by computers. Particularly in news, scientific programs and the like the distinction of reality and imagination must be emphasized.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {The Next Step: Privacy Invasions by Biometrics and ICT Implants}, series = {Ubiquity. An ACM IT Magazine and Forum}, volume = {7}, journal = {Ubiquity. An ACM IT Magazine and Forum}, number = {45}, doi = {10.1145/1195937.1187567}, language = {en} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Search Engine Bias}, series = {Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen, Band II}, booktitle = {Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen, Band II}, editor = {Lewandowski, Dirk}, publisher = {Akademische Verlagsanstalt}, address = {Heidelberg}, abstract = {Der Name ‚Google' wird heute synonym f{\"u}r ‚Suchmaschine' genutzt; das Verb ‚googeln' hat es zu einem Eintrag im Duden gebracht: Google ist allgegenw{\"a}rtig. Dies best{\"a}tigen Statistiken, die aufweisen, dass Google in vielen L{\"a}ndern andere Suchmaschinen v{\"o}llig marginalisiert hat. Außerdem zeigen Untersuchungen, dass sich viele Nutzerinnen und Nutzer auf die Ergebnisse einer einzigen Suchmaschine - oft eben Google - verlassen. Daher stellt sich die Frage, ob die tats{\"a}chliche Qualit{\"a}t der Suchergebnisse das Vertrauen in die angenommene Qualit{\"a}t einer Suchmaschine rechtfertigen kann. Nach einleitenden Bemerkungen zum Suchmaschinenmarkt und einer kurzen Beschreibung der generellen Funktionsweise heute verbreiteter Suchmaschinen wird evaluiert, welche Faktoren die Ergebnisse einer Suchmaschine determinieren. Dabei wird sich zeigen, dass Suchergebnisse durch vielf{\"a}ltige Faktoren beeinflusst werden, so bspw. durch das Nutzerverhalten auf verschiedenen Ebenen, durch die verwendeten Indexierungs- und Suchalgorithmen oder durch die Inhalte des Netzes selbst. Diese und weitere Faktoren f{\"u}hren zu Verzerrungen der Suchergebnisse gegen{\"u}ber einem unterstellten Idealergebnis. Es zeigt sich, dass es in vielen Situationen sinnvoll ist, sich nicht nur auf eine Suchmaschine zu verlassen bzw. den Ergebnissen einer Suchmaschine nicht blind zu vertrauen. So ist im wissenschaftlichen oder journalistischen Kontext dringend die Nutzung von bereichsspezifischen Suchmaschinen und anderer Rechercheformen angeraten.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Simulationen in den Sozialwissenschaften}, series = {Journal for General Philosophy of Science}, volume = {38}, journal = {Journal for General Philosophy of Science}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1007/s10838-006-9011-8}, pages = {111 -- 126}, abstract = {Computer simulation—hereafter just called 'simulation'— more and more is getting an important tool in scientific research and development. Simulations provide powerful means for quite different scientific disciplines, for instance for cosmology as well as for economics, and it seems that they can help to extend the borderline of science. However, from a methodological point of view, besides their benefits one can identify several theoretical problems which can occur in the process of scientific research. Some of these problems shall be discussed and consequences of these problems for the use of simulations shall be outlined.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Suchmaschinen und die Repr{\"a}sentation von Kultur: Zwischen Markt und Gerechtigkeit}, series = {Kulturelle Diversit{\"a}t und Neue Medien}, booktitle = {Kulturelle Diversit{\"a}t und Neue Medien}, publisher = {Trafo}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {33 -- 52}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Bottom-Up Mixed-Reality: Emergente Entwicklung, Unkontrollierbarkeit und soziale Konsequenzen}, series = {Web, Film, Medien, Computer - Wirklichkeit und Visionen der Informationsgesellschaft. Neue Medien und Technologien der Informationsgesellschaft}, booktitle = {Web, Film, Medien, Computer - Wirklichkeit und Visionen der Informationsgesellschaft. Neue Medien und Technologien der Informationsgesellschaft}, editor = {Rebensburg, K.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag der TU Berlin}, address = {Berlin}, language = {de} } @article{DrueekeHaugKelleretal., author = {Dr{\"u}eke, Ricarda and Haug, Sonja and Keller, Wolfgang and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Vertrauen ist gut, Kontrolle ist besser?}, series = {Merz Medien + Erziehung, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medienp{\"a}dagogik}, volume = {51}, journal = {Merz Medien + Erziehung, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medienp{\"a}dagogik}, number = {6}, pages = {25 -- 36}, abstract = {Mobiltelefone zeigen weitreichende Auswirkungen auf interpersonale Beziehungen. Die prek{\"a}re Balance zwischen Vertrauen als wichtige Basis interpersonaler Beziehungen und Kontrolle als notwendige Be-dingung von Gemeinschaft sowie Privatsph{\"a}re als (sozialer) Raum, in dem soziale Kontrolle tempor{\"a}r suspendiert ist, wird durch moderne Informations-und Kommunikationstechnologien gef{\"a}hrdet. Theoreti-sche Konzepte und empirische Studien werden im Beitrag genutzt, um ein besserers Verst{\"a}ndnis der Auswirkungen zu erm{\"o}glichen.}, language = {de} } @article{RolfesBittnerFangerauetal., author = {Rolfes, Vasilija and Bittner, Uta and Fangerau, Heiner and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Is it all about revising, correcting, and transferring genes?}, series = {The American Journal of Bioethics}, volume = {20}, journal = {The American Journal of Bioethics}, number = {8}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, doi = {10.1080/15265161.2020.1782526}, pages = {30 -- 32}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {"Don't be evil"}, series = {Umwelt und Gesundheit}, volume = {14}, journal = {Umwelt und Gesundheit}, number = {3}, pages = {1 -- 6}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Terahertzscanner}, series = {EMF Monitor - Elektromagnetische Felder, Umwelt und Gesundheit}, volume = {14}, journal = {EMF Monitor - Elektromagnetische Felder, Umwelt und Gesundheit}, number = {3}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Die Evolution von I\&G oder: Die M{\"u}hen der Ebene}, series = {FIfF Kommunikation}, volume = {26}, journal = {FIfF Kommunikation}, number = {3}, language = {de} } @article{WeberDrueekeLangewitzetal., author = {Weber, Karsten and Dr{\"u}eke, Ricarda and Langewitz, Oliver and Nagenborg, Michael}, title = {Konvergente Medien, Fragmentierung der {\"O}ffentlichkeit und medienethische Anmerkungen}, series = {Merz Medien + Erziehung, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medienp{\"a}dagogik}, volume = {53}, journal = {Merz Medien + Erziehung, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medienp{\"a}dagogik}, number = {6}, abstract = {Medienkonvergenz f{\"o}rdert die Entwicklung neuer Anbieter, die sich nicht nur als Konkurrenz, sondern als Antithese zu traditionellen Massenmedien sehen. Ihnen wird die Hoffnung entgegengebracht, zur Integration der medial vermittelten {\"O}ffentlichkeit beizutragen, andererseits existieren Bef{\"u}rchtungen, dass sie die bereits bestehende Fragmentierung der {\"O}ffentlichkeit verst{\"a}rken. Am Beispiel der politischen Kommunikation in konvergenten Medien wird die Plausibilit{\"a}t entsprechender Prognosen untersucht.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Im Netz von Clans}, series = {iz3w - Zeitschrift zwischen Nord und S{\"u}d}, journal = {iz3w - Zeitschrift zwischen Nord und S{\"u}d}, number = {315}, pages = {20 -- 23}, language = {de} } @article{WeberNagenborgDrueekeetal., author = {Weber, Karsten and Nagenborg, Michael and Dr{\"u}eke, Ricarda and Langewitz, Oliver}, title = {Ubiquitous Media}, series = {Merz Medien + Erziehung, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medienp{\"a}dagogik}, volume = {53}, journal = {Merz Medien + Erziehung, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medienp{\"a}dagogik}, number = {6}, pages = {102 -- 110}, abstract = {Die durch das Internet und Web 2.0 mit angestoßene Medienkonvergenz zwingt die Medien- und Contentindustrie zur stetigen Bereitstellung neuer medialer Inhalte; die stetig wachsende Nachfrage zu decken wird {\"u}ber deren unternehmerischen Erfolg entscheiden. Es wird ein Szenario entwickelt, in dem die Konsumenten gleichzeitig Produzenten der In- halte sind und dabei Kommunikationsinfrastrukturen wie Mobiltelefone nutzen. Es werden die weitreichenden sozialen Konsequenzen dieser Entwicklung skizziert.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Gewalt in den Medien}, series = {Ethica}, volume = {18}, journal = {Ethica}, number = {2}, pages = {1 -- 17}, language = {de} } @article{RoedigerWeber, author = {R{\"o}diger, Karl-Heinz and Weber, Karsten}, title = {und noch einmal: Was ist I\&G?}, series = {FIfF Kommunikation}, volume = {27}, journal = {FIfF Kommunikation}, number = {1}, pages = {7}, language = {de} } @article{WeberDrueeke, author = {Weber, Karsten and Dr{\"u}eke, Ricarda}, title = {Konvergente Medien, Fragmentierung der {\"O}ffentlichkeit und medienethische Anmerkungen}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kommunikations{\"o}kologie und Medienethik}, volume = {12}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kommunikations{\"o}kologie und Medienethik}, number = {1}, pages = {1 -- 7}, language = {de} } @article{OrwatRaabeBuchmannetal., author = {Orwat, Carsten and Raabe, Oliver and Buchmann, Erik and Anandasivam, Arun and Freytag, Johan-Christoph and Helberger, Natali and Ishii, Kei and Lutterbeck, Bernd and Neumann, Dirk and Otter, Thomas and Pallas, Frank and Reussner, Ralf and Sester, Peter and Weber, Karsten and Werle, Raymund}, title = {Software als Institution und ihre Gestaltbarkeit}, series = {Informatik-Spektrum}, volume = {33}, journal = {Informatik-Spektrum}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1007/s00287-009-0404-z}, pages = {626 -- 633}, abstract = {Software regelt immer mehr zwischenmenschliche Interaktionen. {\"U}blicherweise werden die Funktionsmechanismen, Wirkungen und Gestaltungsoptionen von Regeln in der Institutionenforschung behandelt. In diesem Artikel soll beleuchtet werden, inwieweit sich Ans{\"a}tze der Institutionenforschung auf Software anwenden lassen und was sich aus dieser Forschungsperspektive zu den Regelungswirkungen und Gestaltungsoptionen von Software ableiten l{\"a}sst.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Information Ethics in a Different Voice, Or}, series = {IRIE - International Review of Information Ethics}, volume = {13}, journal = {IRIE - International Review of Information Ethics}, number = {1}, pages = {6 -- 11}, abstract = {Within the information ethics community one can observe a mainstream discussion including some fundamental presuppositions which appear to be something like dogmas. The most important of these dogmas seems to be that we must create a new kind of intercultural information ethics. It is often argued that (comparative) studies have shown that different cultures, according to culturally determined norms and values, react in different ways to the impacts of ICT; it is stressed that an intercultural information ethics must take these cultural particularities into account. But in the paper at hand it shall be argued that taking cultural differences into consideration does not create a necessity to invent a new intercultural information ethics. On the contrary it shall be claimed that we already know several intercultural ethics which only have to be applied to ICT and its impact to societies.}, language = {en} } @article{WeberHaug, author = {Weber, Karsten and Haug, Sonja}, title = {Geocaching und Raumnutzung}, series = {Standort - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r angewandte Geographie}, volume = {36}, journal = {Standort - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r angewandte Geographie}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1007/s00548-012-0195-3}, pages = {17 -- 24}, abstract = {Geocaching ist eine Art internetbasierte Schnitzeljagd, die im {\"o}ffentlichen Raum stattfindet. Der Artikel erl{\"a}utert die Funktionsweise des Geocaching als Freizeitbesch{\"a}ftigung und beschreibt anhand einer Datenerhebung die Verbreitung in Deutschland. Mit den stark steigenden Teilnehmerzahlen gehen Konflikte bei der Nutzung des {\"o}ffentlichen Raums - insbesondere sind hiervon naturnahe R{\"a}ume wie W{\"a}lder betroffen - und von Privatbesitz einher. Die Konfliktfelder werden exemplarisch aufgef{\"u}hrt, die Herausforderungen f{\"u}r die angewandte Geographie dargelegt. Durch die Anwendung neuer Technologien wie des GPS im Freizeitbereich bildet sich eine neue Form der Raumnutzung heraus. Damit verbunden sind f{\"u}r die angewandte Geographie noch weitgehend ungenutzte M{\"o}glichkeiten der Stadtentwicklung, des Regionalmanagements oder der Bildung. Zugleich treten mit der zunehmenden Verbreitung des Geocaching neue Konfliktfelder der Raumnutzung offen zu Tage.}, language = {de} } @article{WeberBittnerManzeschkeetal., author = {Weber, Karsten and Bittner, Uta and Manzeschke, Arne and Rother, Elisabeth and Quack, Fredericke and Dengler, Kathrin and Fangerau, Heiner}, title = {Taking Patient Privacy and Autonomy More Seriously}, series = {American Journal of Bioethics}, volume = {12}, journal = {American Journal of Bioethics}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1080/15265161.2012.699147}, pages = {51 -- 53}, language = {en} } @misc{HornbergerThielVollmann, author = {Hornberger, Helga and Thiel, Norbert and Vollmann, Markus}, title = {Fully ceramic tooth replacement with a frame made of cer-stabilised zircon-oxide}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Vollkeramischer Zahnersatz mit einem Ger{\"u}st, das aus einem Ger{\"u}stmaterial aus einem Cer-stabilisierten Zirkonoxid (Ce-ZrO2) mit einem Anteil von bis zu 25 Gew\% Aluminiumoxid (Al2O3) bezogen auf den Anteil an ZrO2 aufgebaut ist und einem Infiltrationsglasanteil im Ger{\"u}st von 0-40 Vol\% bezogen auf das Volumen des Ger{\"u}sts sowie einer auf das Ger{\"u}stmaterial abgestimmten Verblendkeramik.Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von cer-stabilisiertem ZrO2 zur Herstellung von Ger{\"u}stmaterialien, die als Restauration im Dentalbereich einsetzbar sind.}, language = {en} } @misc{AechtnerHornbergerNageletal., author = {Aechtner, Stefan and Hornberger, Helga and Nagel, Emil and Thiel, Norbert}, title = {Composite material and method for the preparation thereof}, pages = {5}, abstract = {A composite material with a porous inorganic-nonmetallic matrix and a second material, characterized in that said porous inorganic-nonmetallic matrix has a bending strength of >=40 MPa as measured according to ISO 6 872; said second material is an organic material which at least partly fills the pores of said porous matrix; and said composite material has a modulus of elasticity, E, of >=25 GPa as measured according to ISO 10 477.}, language = {en} } @misc{MuerrleHornberger, author = {Muerrle, Ulrich and Hornberger, Helga}, title = {Method of making a ceramic restoration}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Production of a dental reconstruction comprises: (a) forming a mold (12) from a model (10); (b) using (12) to make an isotropically heat-expandable replica from a ceramic precursor (14); (c) oxidizing (14) to produce an enlarged ceramic replica; (d) forming a silicone mold from this replica; (e) using (d) to make a second ceramic replica; and (f) sintering the second replica with volume reduction to form a replica identical to (10).}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {New Mobile Devices and Surveillance}, series = {Postmodern Openings Journal}, volume = {3}, journal = {Postmodern Openings Journal}, number = {3}, abstract = {Mobile devices help people to stay connected across huge distances and to socially interact while in spatially separated environments. However, compared to faceto-face-interaction, communication and interaction via mobile phones currently are still restricted. Therefore, an idea of Mann, Fung, and Lo concerning cyborglogging with camera phones shall be taken a step further. A scenario is described in which a modified version of their design is used to support social interaction across the borders of spatially separated environments in a new manner. It shall be argued that this might create a new understanding of being present at a certain place while at the same time it raises questions concerning privacy, surveillance and authenticity of experience.}, language = {en} } @article{ManzeschkeWeberFangerauetal., author = {Manzeschke, Arne and Weber, Karsten and Fangerau, Heiner and Rother, Elisabeth and Dengler, Kathrin}, title = {An ethical evaluation of telemedicine applications must consider four major aspects}, series = {International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care}, volume = {29}, journal = {International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1017/S0266462312000773}, pages = {110 -- 111}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {What is it like to encounter an autonomous artificial agent?}, series = {AI \& Society}, volume = {28}, journal = {AI \& Society}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1007/s00146-013-0453-3}, pages = {483 -- 489}, abstract = {Following up on Thomas Nagel's paper "What is it like to be a bat?" and Alan Turing's essay "Computing machinery and intelligence," it shall be claimed that a successful interaction of human beings and autonomous artificial agents depends more on which characteristics human beings ascribe to the agent than on whether the agent really has those characteristics. It will be argued that Masahiro Mori's concept of the "uncanny valley" as well as evidence from several empirical studies supports that assertion. Finally, some tentative conclusions concerning moral implications of the arguments presented here shall be drawn}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Internet = Demokratie?}, series = {Ethica}, volume = {21}, journal = {Ethica}, number = {4}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Vorausschau und Regulierung von Innovationsprozessen im Bereich der ubiquit{\"a}ren Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie}, series = {Modern Management Review / Dawna Nazwa - Zardądzanie i Marketing}, volume = {20}, journal = {Modern Management Review / Dawna Nazwa - Zardądzanie i Marketing}, number = {3}, doi = {10.7862/rz.2013.mmr.39}, abstract = {On the one hand technological innovations can create new markets and can provide for solutions of current social problems; on the other hand the can raise questions concerning environmental and/or social adequacy on short-, middle-, and long-range time scales. In or-der to strengthen the positive outcomes of innovations and to reduce or even prevent nega-tive effects, the task of technology assessment is to predict the positive as well as the nega-tive effects and repercussions of innovations as early as possible. However, it must be pre-supposed that first, it must be possible to make to a certain extent reliable predications about the future development and second, that regulatory measurements in order to strengthen the positive outcomes of innovations and to reduce or even prevent negative effects will find their respective addressees. But if one takes, for instance, ubiquitous information and com-munication technology into account it can be demonstrated that those conditions rarely can be met. This is the result of the types of innovation which take place in case of ICT as well as of the so-called Collingridge dilemma. Both factors reduce the reliability of predictions. Furthermore, regulatory measurements often do not find their addressees since the borders of the societal subsystems in which innovation take place are blurring and therefore, these subsystems often cannot be reached with mainstream regulatory approaches like laws.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {{\"O}konomische {\"U}berlegungen zum Wissenschaftsbetrieb}, series = {Modern Management Review / Dawna Nazwa - Zardądzanie i Marketing}, volume = {20}, journal = {Modern Management Review / Dawna Nazwa - Zardądzanie i Marketing}, number = {4}, doi = {10.7862/rz.2013.hss.55}, abstract = {Nachhaltigkeit und nachhaltiges Wirtschaften sind sp{\"a}testens seit Mitte der 1980er Jahre wichtige Konzepte sowohl wissenschaftlicher als auch politischer Debatten. Sie werden ins-besondere thematisiert, wenn es um den Umgang mit knappen materiellen Ressourcen geht - fossile Energietr{\"a}ger sind hierf{\"u}r sowohl als endliche Ressourcen als auch als Gef{\"a}hrdung anderer knapper Ressourcen wie eine saubere Umwelt ein paradigmatisches Beispiel. Da es jedoch nicht nur materielle Ressourcen, sondern auch Immaterialg{\"u}ter gibt, soll untersucht werden, ob Konzepte der Nachhaltigkeit und des nachhaltigen Wirtschaftens auch in Bezug auf Immaterialg{\"u}ter wie Informationen und Wissen angewendet werden k{\"o}nnen. Dazu wird es notwendig sein, zun{\"a}chst die spezifischen {\"o}konomischen Eigenschaften von Informatio-nen und Wissen herauszuarbeiten. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Immaterialg{\"u}ter durch Anwendung von Immaterialg{\"u}terrechten zu knappen Ressourcen gemacht werden k{\"o}nnen. Wenn aber auch Informationen und Wissen faktisch zu den knappen Ressourcen gez{\"a}hlt werden m{\"u}s-sen, so macht es Sinn, Nachhaltigkeit auch f{\"u}r Immaterialg{\"u}ter zu fordern - dies soll mit dem Ausdruck „Informationsnachhaltigkeit" bezeichnet werden. Wird das Konzept der In-formationsnachhaltigkeit auf den Wissenschaftsbetrieb angewendet, so kann in Bezug auf den Wissensbestand der Wissenschaft von einer Wissensallmende gesprochen werden. Die schon l{\"a}nger stattfindenden Ver{\"a}nderungen des Wissenschaftsbetriebs und des wissenschaft-lichen Publikationswesens gef{\"a}hrden auf der einen Seite den Bestand der Wissensallmende; auf der anderen Seite finden sich jedoch auch Gegenreaktionen, die Versuche darstellen, bspw. durch den Open Access-Gedanken die Wissensallmende zu erhalten. Allerdings zeigt die Analyse, dass sowohl eine romantisierende Perspektive auf die Wissensallmende und Open Access als auch eine pauschale Kritik am existierenden privatwirtschaftlichen Publikationswesen falsch w{\"a}ren, da beide Teile des wissenschaftlichen Publikationswesens aufeinander angewiesen sind.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Is there really a concept called "inherent ethical concern"?}, series = {American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience}, volume = {5}, journal = {American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1080/21507740.2013.868377}, pages = {39 -- 40}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Normative Herausforderungen an Technik f{\"u}r die Pflege im Alter}, series = {Hauswirtschaft und Wissenschaft. Europ{\"a}ische Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Haushalts{\"o}konomie, Haushaltstechnik und Sozialmanagement}, volume = {62}, journal = {Hauswirtschaft und Wissenschaft. Europ{\"a}ische Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Haushalts{\"o}konomie, Haushaltstechnik und Sozialmanagement}, number = {3}, pages = {1 -- 8}, subject = {Altengerechte Technik}, language = {de} } @article{SwigonWeber, author = {Swigon, Marzena and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Managing Knowledge and Information by Students}, series = {Journal for Information \& Knowledge Management}, volume = {13}, journal = {Journal for Information \& Knowledge Management}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1142/S0219649214500300}, abstract = {The concept of Personal Knowledge and Information Management (PKIM) is based, among others, on two theories: Personal Information Management (PTM) and Personal Knowledge Management (PKM), which hitherto were both subjects of separate studies. Moreover, the concept of PKIM is related to IL, which is a concept of information skills and competences of individuals — a person who manages knowledge has to be information literate. Some of the empirical studies results in the field of PKIM, started in Poland and recently continued in Germany, are presented. As the research method an unstructured questionnaire with open questions was used. Given the results of the survey as well as taking into account the subject literature, the concepts of PIM, PKM, and Information Literacy (IL) seem to be compatible and connected with each other. Our respondents perceive Knowledge and Information as well as knowledge management (KM) and information management (IM) in the context of learning and studying as integrated areas of interests. Although they do see differences between them, interconnections and relations seem more important. Furthermore, KM and IM are recognized as tools of coping with information overload. All aspects that have repercussions on KM and IM are related to three categories: personal characteristics, environment (macro and micro environment), and knowledge and information sources.}, language = {en} } @article{HornbergerMarquisFranks, author = {Hornberger, Helga and Marquis, Peter M. and Franks, J.}, title = {The impact of diamond-like coatings on the strength of dental ceramics}, series = {Journal of Dental Research}, volume = {74}, journal = {Journal of Dental Research}, pages = {522}, language = {en} } @article{HornbergerMarquisChristiansenetal., author = {Hornberger, Helga and Marquis, Peter M. and Christiansen, Silke H. and Albrecht, Manuel and Strunk, Horst P. and Franks, J.}, title = {Microstructure of a high strength alumina-glass composite combined with a diamond like carbon coating}, series = {Electron Microscopy and Analysis}, journal = {Electron Microscopy and Analysis}, doi = {10.1557/JMR.1996.0244}, pages = {559 -- 562}, abstract = {We investigate the mechanical and microstructural properties of a diamond-like carbon coating (DLC) which is deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) onto an alumina/aluminosilicate glass composite used for biomedical applications. Ball-on-ring tests yield a fracture strength that is essentially influenced by the surface topology/roughness. The surface topology of the coating is investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Tribology tests and nanoindentation represent the wear resistance and hardness; these are properties that are mainly influenced by the microstructural properties of the DLC coating. This microstructure is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analyzed by parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS). For the general applicability of the coated composite, the interfacial adhesion of the DLC coating on the comparably rough substrate (roughness amplitudes and wavelengths are in the micrometer range) is important. Therefore, we focus on TEM investigations that show the interface to be free of gaps and pores that we, together with a characteristic microstructure adjacent to the interface, relate to the excellent adhesion. The interlayer consists of a high density of SiC grains, part of them directly bound to the substrate, and part of them bound to other SiC grains. This interlayer is followed by an essentially different region of the coating as concerns the microstructure; this region consists of nanocrystalline diamond particles embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. It is this heterogeneous microstructure to which we attribute (i) the good adhesion based upon the interface stabilizing SiC grains, and (ii) the high hardness and wear resistance based upon the diamond nanocrystals in the coating.}, language = {en} } @article{HornbergerMarquis, author = {Hornberger, Helga and Marquis, Peter M.}, title = {Mechanical properties and microstructure of In-Ceram}, series = {Glastechnische Berichte - Glass Science and Technology}, volume = {68}, journal = {Glastechnische Berichte - Glass Science and Technology}, number = {6}, pages = {188 -- 194}, language = {en} } @article{HornbergerWeissmannLutz, author = {Hornberger, Helga and Weissmann, R. and Lutz, N.}, title = {Machining of silica glasses using excimer laser radiation}, series = {Glastechnische Berichte - Glass Science and Technology}, volume = {69}, journal = {Glastechnische Berichte - Glass Science and Technology}, number = {2}, pages = {44 -- 49}, language = {en} } @article{HornbergerMarquisChristiansenetal., author = {Hornberger, Helga and Marquis, Peter M. and Christiansen, Silke H. and Strunk, Horst P.}, title = {Microstructure of a high strength alumina glass composite}, series = {Journal of Materials Research}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of Materials Research}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1557/JMR.1996.0104}, pages = {855 -- 858}, abstract = {The morphology and microstructure of an Al2O3 glass composite (trade name In-Ceram, Vita Zahnfabrik) were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composite was produced by infiltration of a lanthanum-based glass throughout a porous Al2O3 body. This alumina body was formed by three classes of particles differing in size and shape: faceted particles typically ≤4 μm in diameter, platelets of average diameter 8 μm, 1.5 μm thickness, and small spheres 0.4 μm in diameter. The outstanding strength properties of the composite (600 MPa, ball-on-ring test) are a result of the high wetting capability of the glass phase on the Al2O3 surface. In addition, plastic strain relaxation in the faceted particles by dislocation formation compensates partially for residual stresses and impedes crack formation at the glass/Al2O3 interface.}, language = {en} } @article{ChristiansenAlbrechtStrunketal., author = {Christiansen, Silke H. and Albrecht, Manuel and Strunk, Horst P. and Hornberger, Helga and Marquis, Peter M. and Franks, J.}, title = {Mechanical properties and microstructural analysis of a diamond-like carbon coating on an alumina/glass composite}, series = {Journal of Materials Research}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of Materials Research}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1557/JMR.1996.0244}, pages = {1934 -- 1942}, abstract = {We investigate the mechanical and microstructural properties of a diamond-like carbon coating (DLC) which is deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) onto an alumina/aluminosilicate glass composite used for biomedical applications. Ball-on-ring tests yield a fracture strength that is essentially influenced by the surface topology/roughness. The surface topology of the coating is investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Tribology tests and nanoindentation represent the wear resistance and hardness; these are properties that are mainly influenced by the microstructural properties of the DLC coating. This microstructure is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analyzed by parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS). For the general applicability of the coated composite, the interfacial adhesion of the DLC coating on the comparably rough substrate (roughness amplitudes and wavelengths are in the micrometer range) is important. Therefore, we focus on TEM investigations that show the interface to be free of gaps and pores that we, together with a characteristic microstructure adjacent to the interface, relate to the excellent adhesion. The interlayer consists of a high density of SiC grains, part of them directly bound to the substrate, and part of them bound to other SiC grains. This interlayer is followed by an essentially different region of the coating as concerns the microstructure; this region consists of nanocrystalline diamond particles embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. It is this heterogeneous microstructure to which we attribute (i) the good adhesion based upon the interface stabilizing SiC grains, and (ii) the high hardness and wear resistance based upon the diamond nanocrystals in the coating.}, language = {en} } @article{ReichHornberger, author = {Reich, Sven and Hornberger, Helga}, title = {The effect of multicolored machinable ceramics on the esthetics of all-ceramic crowns}, series = {Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry}, volume = {88}, journal = {Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry}, number = {1}, pages = {44 -- 49}, abstract = {Statement of problems: Computer-aided design/computer-assisted machining systems offer the possibility of fabricating restorations from one machinable ceramic block. Whether multishaded blocks improve esthetic results and are a viable alternative to individually stained ceramics has not been fully determined. Purpose: The aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of multishaded blocks on the esthetic appearance of all-ceramic CEREC crowns and compare these crowns with single-shade and stained restorations. Material and methods: Ten subjects were included in this study. For each subject, 6 different crowns were milled with the use of a CEREC machine. One crown was milled from each of the following machinable ceramic materials: CEREC Vitablocs Mark II in classic colors; Vitablocs Mark II in 3D-Master colors; Vitablocs Mark II in either classic or 3D-Master colors, with additional staining; Megadenta Bloxx multishaded; Mark II experimental multilayer; and an experimental multilayer leucite ceramic. Three independent examiners assessed the esthetic appearance of crowns fabricated to match each subject's anterior tooth shade. A scale of 1 to 6 was used to score the shade match and esthetic adaptation of each crown, with 1 representing excellent characteristics and 3.5 serving as the threshold for clinical acceptability. The examiners' scores were averaged, and the mean values were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test (P