@misc{StadlerCornetHuangetal., author = {Stadler, Sebastian and Cornet, Henriette and Huang, Danqing and Frenkler, Fritz}, title = {Designing Tomorrow's Human-Machine Interfaces in Autonomous Vehicles: an Exploratory Study in Virtual Reality}, series = {Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality: Changing Realities in a Dynamic World}, journal = {Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality: Changing Realities in a Dynamic World}, editor = {Jung, Timothy and tom Dieck, M. Claudia and Rauschnabel, Philipp A.}, publisher = {Springer}, isbn = {978-3-030-37869-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-37869-1_13}, pages = {151 -- 160}, abstract = {Technical advances in the automotive industry strive in the direction of full automation. However, besides advantages like improving traffic and fuel efficiency, people do not always trust Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) to make critical decisions. With the ultimate goal of reducing anxiety of passengers of AVs, this explorative study (i) proposes possible design concepts and variants for Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) for passengers inside the AV using a requirements catalogue, (ii) evaluates the HMI concepts and variants thanks to an experience simulation in Virtual Reality (VR), and (iii) derives the most suitable HMI concept and refines it based on observations of participants' behaviours during the experience simulation in VR, as well as questionnaires and interviews. The results show that the HMI concepts help passengers to reduce anxiety in the AV. Overall, VR turned out to be a suitable tool for this exploratory study. Further work will focus on testing HMI concepts in a variety of more complex scenarios to ensure user acceptance.}, language = {en} } @article{NeubauerFischerHackenberg, author = {Neubauer, Katrin and Fischer, Sebastian and Hackenberg, Rudolf}, title = {Security risk analysis of the cloud infrastructure of Smart Grid and IoT - 4-Level-Trust-Model as a security solution}, series = {International Journal on Advances in Internet Technology}, volume = {13}, journal = {International Journal on Advances in Internet Technology}, number = {1\&2}, pages = {11 -- 20}, abstract = {The digital transformation has found its way into business and private life. It consists of digitization and digitaliza- tion. Digitization means the technical process and digitalization is the socio-technological process. Technologies of digitization are Cloud Computing (CC), Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Grid (SG), which are separate technologies. The increasing digitalization in the private sector and of the energy industry connect these technologies. Actually, there is no connection between the CC infrastructure and the SG infrastructure at the moment, because in Germany the SG is currently under construction. If one looks at the CC and IoT, it must be stated there is an connection between the IoT infrastructure and the CC infrastructure as a service provider. To connect the technologies CC, IoT and SG and also build an SG cloud for innovative services, the new laws for privacy must be implemented. For privacy and security analyses it is important to know which data can be stored and distributed on a cloud. To illustrate this analysis, we connect the SG infrastructure with the IoT. An IoT device (car charging station) should be able to transfer data to and from the SG. SG is a critical infrastructure and the IoT device a potential insecure device and network. We show the communication between the smart meter switching box and the IoT device and the data transferred between their clouds. The charging station is connected to the SG to get the current amount of renewable energy in the grid. This is necessary to create a new smart service. But this service also generates private data (e.g., name, address, payment details). The private data should not be transferred to the IoT cloud. For the connection of SG and IoT, availability, confidentiality and integrity must be ensured. A risk analysis over all the cloud connections, including the vulnerability and the ability of an attacker, the resulting risk and the 4-Level- Trust-Model for security assessment are developed. Furthermore, we show the application of the 4-Level-Trust-Model in this paper.}, language = {en} } @book{LukeschKellner, author = {Lukesch, Maximilian and Kellner, Florian}, title = {{\"U}bungsbuch Produktionswirtschaft : Planung, Steuerung und Industrie 4.0}, edition = {2., {\"u}berarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage}, publisher = {Springer Gabler}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-62086-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-62087-8}, pages = {XVIII, 283}, abstract = {Dieses Buch bietet Studierenden mehr als 70 {\"U}bungsaufgaben und drei Fallstudien inklusive ausf{\"u}hrlicher L{\"o}sungen zu ausgew{\"a}hlten Themen der Produktionswirtschaft und Industrie 4.0. Jedes Kapitel enth{\"a}lt eine kurze Einleitung sowie zu erreichende Lernziele. Querverweise auf das Lehrbuch „Produktionswirtschaft" von Kellner/Lienland/Lukesch erleichtern das Selbststudium und erm{\"o}glichen eine optimale Pr{\"u}fungsvorbereitung. In der 2. Auflage wurden umfangreiche {\"U}berarbeitungen hinsichtlich Sprache und Aufbau von Aufgaben, L{\"o}sungswegen und Abbildungen vorgenommen sowie zahlreiche neue Aufgaben erg{\"a}nzt.}, language = {de} } @unpublished{Kellner, author = {Kellner, Florian}, title = {Generating Greenhouse Gas Cutting Incentives when Allocating Carbon Dioxide Emissions to Shipments in Road Freight Transportation}, series = {SSRN Electronic Journal}, journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3518014}, abstract = {Road freight transportation accounts for a great share of the anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In order to provide a common methodology for carbon accounting related to transport activities, the European Committee for Standardization has published the European Norm EN-16258. Unfortunately, EN-16258 contains in its current version some gaps and ambiguities and leaves room for interpretation, which makes the comparison of the environmental performance of different logistics networks still difficult and hinders the identification of best practices. This research aims to overcome the ambiguities of EN-16258 concerning the allocation of GHG emissions to shipments in road freight transportation. In detail, we apply concepts of the cooperative game theory to identify among all allocation units specified by EN-16258 the most meaningful one. In doing so, we continue previous research projects that analyzed two important aspects of the EN-16258 allocation rules: accuracy and fairness. This study provides further insights into this allocation problem by investigating the incentive power of the different allocation schemes to opt for the GHG minimal way of running a road freight transport network. First, we complement the list of transport scenarios introduced by the prior research projects and present two novel transport scenarios. Second, we carry out a series of numerical experiments to compare the performance of the EN-16258 allocation rules with respect to accuracy, fairness, and the GHG minimizing incentive. Across all aspects, and taking the findings of the prior research projects into account, we conclude that the distance-based allocation rule is the most meaningful one.}, language = {en} } @article{BraunKunklerKellner, author = {Braun, Maximilian and Kunkler, Jan and Kellner, Florian}, title = {Towards Sustainable Cities: Utilizing Floating Car Data to Support Location-Based Road Network Performance Measurements}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {12}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {19}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/su12198145}, abstract = {Road network performance (RNP) is a key element for urban sustainability as it has a significant impact on economy, environment, and society. Poor RNP can lead to traffic congestion, which can lead to higher transportation costs, more pollution and health issues regarding the urban population. To evaluate the effects of the RNP, the involved stakeholders need a real-world data base to work with. This paper develops a data collection approach to enable location-based RNP analysis using publicly available traffic information. Therefore, we use reachable range requests implemented by navigation service providers to retrieve travel times, travel speeds, and traffic conditions. To demonstrate the practicability of the proposed methodology, a comparison of four German cities is made, considering the network characteristics with respect to detours, infrastructure, and traffic congestion. The results are combined with cost rates to compare the economical dimension of sustainability of the chosen cities. Our results show that digitization eases the assessment of traffic data and that a combination of several indicators must be considered depending on the relevant sustainability dimension decisions are made from.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KellnerLienlandUtz, author = {Kellner, Florian and Lienland, Bernhard and Utz, Sebastian}, title = {Optimal engine technology mix in a low carbon economy}, series = {2020 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA), 08-09 November 2020, Sakheer, Bahrain}, booktitle = {2020 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA), 08-09 November 2020, Sakheer, Bahrain}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-7281-9677-0}, doi = {10.1109/DASA51403.2020.9317094}, pages = {95 -- 98}, abstract = {Environmental regulations force automotive companies to modify the powertrain technology portfolio offered to the customer to comply with greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets. Automotive companies, in turn, are faced with the decision of finding the right powertrain technology portfolio because the selection of a particular technology portfolio affects different company targets at the same time. What makes this decision even more interesting is the fact that future market shares of the different technologies are uncertain. With its numerous objectives, this challenge requires multi-criteria decision-making techniques to identify the optimal powertrain technology portfolio. The objective of this research is to present a new decision support approach for assembling optimal powertrain technology portfolios while making decision-makers aware of the trade-offs between the achievable market share, the market share risk, and the GHG emissions generated by the selected vehicle fleet. The proposed approach combines `a posteriori' decision-making, multi-objective optimization, and the Markowitz portfolio theory. In an application case, the outlooks of selected market studies are fed into the proposed decision support system. The result is a visualization and analysis of the current real-world decision-making problem faced by many automotive companies. Interesting findings of this research include that for the assumed GHG restrictions in place in 2030, there exists no optimal powertrain technology portfolio that is not composed of at least 20\% of electric vehicles.}, language = {en} } @article{ReschkeNeumannBerlitz, author = {Reschke, Johannes and Neumann, Cornelius and Berlitz, Stephan}, title = {Personalised neural networks for a driver intention prediction: communication as enabler for automated driving}, series = {Advanced Optical Technologies}, volume = {9}, journal = {Advanced Optical Technologies}, number = {6}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, doi = {10.1515/aot-2020-0035}, pages = {357 -- 364}, abstract = {In everyday traffic, pedestrians rely on informal communication with other road users. In case of auto� mated vehicles, this communication can be replaced by light signals, which need to be learned beforehand. Prior to an extensive introduction of automated vehicles, a learning phase for these light signals can be set up in manual driving with help of a driver intention prediction. Therefore, a three-staged algorithm consisting of a neural network, a random forest and a conditional stage, is implemented. Using this algorithm, a true-positive rate (TPR) of 94.0\% for a 5.0\% false-positive rate (FPR) can be achieved. To improve this process, a personalization pro� cedure is implemented, using driver-specific behaviours, resulting in TPRs ranging from 91.5 to 96.6\% for a FPR of 5.0\%. Transfer learning of neural networks improves the prediction accuracy of almost all drivers. In order to introduce the implemented algorithm in today's traffic, especially the FPR has to be improved considerably.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StadlerCornetFrenkler, author = {Stadler, Sebastian and Cornet, Henriette and Frenkler, Fritz}, title = {Collecting People's Preferences in Immersive Virtual Reality: A Case Study on Public Spaces in Singapore, Germany, and France}, series = {Synergy - DRS International Conference 2020, 11-14 August, held online}, booktitle = {Synergy - DRS International Conference 2020, 11-14 August, held online}, editor = {Boess, S. and Cheung, M and Cain, R.}, publisher = {Design Research Society}, doi = {10.21606/drs.2020.308}, pages = {1185 -- 1200}, abstract = {In the design of urban public spaces, the inclusion of diverse voices enhances the development of products and services by synchronising designer expertise with people's preferences. Multiple participatory methods exist, each with their respective benefits and drawbacks in terms of the quality of results, time and cost needed for preparing and conducting studies, and knowledge required for participation. Providing more concrete representations of abstract or intangible design concepts would be beneficial for laypeople unfamiliar with design or the case study. We propose a Virtual Reality (VR) platform to discover subjective preferences on public waiting rooms through immersive design experiences. The VR platform was tested with 463 participants with variety in age and cultural background. Following a qualitative data analysis, we discuss the suitability of our VR platform for fostering inclusive participation and how it impacts the role of the designer, as well as propose design guidelines for future VR studies.}, language = {en} } @article{KongStadlerForchhammeretal., author = {Kong, Penny and Stadler, Sebastian and Forchhammer, Niklas and Cornet, Henriette}, title = {Menschzentrierte Gestaltung f{\"u}r ein autonomes Mobilit{\"a}tssystem in Singapur}, series = {ATZextra}, volume = {25}, journal = {ATZextra}, number = {Suppl 1}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {2509-4610}, doi = {10.1007/s35778-020-0112-5}, pages = {38 -- 43}, abstract = {Die Automatisierung macht auch vor den {\"o}ffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln nicht halt. Das Team Design for Autonomous Mobility von TUMCREATE stellt Ergebnisse aus der Designforschung vor, in der Virtual Reality und andere neue Methoden f{\"u}r das Design autonomer Verkehrsmittel untersucht werden. Das Team orientiert sich dabei stark am Menschen und versucht, allen Passagieren mehr Komfort und ein positives Reiseerlebnis zu bieten.}, language = {de} } @article{StadlerCornetFrenkler, author = {Stadler, Sebastian and Cornet, Henriette and Frenkler, Fritz}, title = {Towards user acceptance of autonomous vehicles: a virtual reality study on human-machine interfaces}, series = {International Journal of Technology Marketing: : IJTMkt}, volume = {13}, journal = {International Journal of Technology Marketing: : IJTMkt}, number = {3/4}, publisher = {Inderscience Enterprises}, address = {Olney, Bucks}, issn = {1741-8798}, doi = {10.1504/IJTMKT.2019.104601}, pages = {325}, abstract = {Technological advances in businesses related to automated transportation raise challenges. Indeed, ensuring safety for users is essential for the future commercial launch of this technology. Within this study, human-machine interfaces (HMIs) are evaluated regarding the communication between autonomous vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians in order to prepare a successful deployment of the technology on the market. Since real-life experiments involving AVs remain dangerous, experiments were conducted via virtual reality (VR). The results show that beyond the need for HMIs, display-based concepts were more usable than laser projections. The study impacts on: 1) substantiating the need for explicit HMIs on AVs (including concept recommendations) for a successful market entry; 2) proving that VR constitutes an advantageous alternative for conducting experiments in the field of autonomous transportation for both research and business. Further work is needed that involves more participants and an improved virtual environment.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StadlerCornetMazeasetal., author = {Stadler, Sebastian and Cornet, Henriette and Mazeas, Damien and Chardonnet, Jean-Remy and Frenkler, Fritz}, title = {IMPRO: IMMERSIVE PROTOTYPING IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL DESIGNERS}, series = {Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 2020}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 2020}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, doi = {10.1017/dsd.2020.81}, pages = {1375 -- 1384}, abstract = {Computer-Aided Design (CAD) constitutes an important tool for industrial designers. Similarly, Virtual Reality (VR) has the capability to revolutionize how designers work with its increased sense of scale and perspective. However, existing VR CAD applications are limited in terms of functionality and intuitive control. Based on a comparison of VR CAD applications, ImPro, a new application for immersive prototyping for industrial designers was developed. The user evaluations and comparisons show that ImPro offers increased usability, functionality, and suitability for industrial designers.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{LerchNeidhart, author = {Lerch, Maximilian and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Messtechnische Ausr{\"u}stung von Betonstopfs{\"a}ulen bei Probebelastungen}, series = {Messen in der Geotechnik 2020, Fachseminar am 20./21. Februar 2020 in Braunschweig}, volume = {110}, booktitle = {Messen in der Geotechnik 2020, Fachseminar am 20./21. Februar 2020 in Braunschweig}, editor = {Stahlmann, Joachim and Hinzmann, Nils and Stein, Philipp and Gattermann, J{\"o}rg}, publisher = {Selbstverlag}, address = {Braunschweig}, isbn = {978-3-948141-02-8}, doi = {10.24355/dbbs.084-201912181435-0}, pages = {275 -- 296}, abstract = {Die Ausr{\"u}stung vollverdr{\"a}ngter pfahlartiger Elemente - bei Keller Betonstopfs{\"a}ulen (BSS) genannt - mit Messtechnik ist w{\"a}hrend der Herstellung wegen des Einsatzes schwerer R{\"u}tteltechnik und fehlender Stahlbewehrung praktisch unm{\"o}glich. In Zusammenarbeit von Keller und der Fakult{\"a}t Bauingenieurwesen der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg wurde ein Verfahren zur nachtr{\"a}glichen Installation der Messtechnik entwickelt, das axiale Dehnungsmessungen in den BSS w{\"a}hrend der Probebelastungen erm{\"o}glicht. Die Ausr{\"u}stung besteht u. a. aus faseroptischen Komponenten. Das Verfahren wurde in situ an 1:1 Versuchen auf einem Testfeld sowohl bei statischen als auch dynamischen Probebelastungen umgesetzt. Es wurden zwei unterschiedliche Messtechniken gem{\"a}ß der jeweiligen Art der Probebelastungen eingesetzt. Daneben wurden robuste Piezometer in den Boden eingebracht, die kontinuierliche Porenwasserdruckmessungen nahe der S{\"a}ulen erm{\"o}glichen. Zweck der verwendeten Messtechnik war es vor allem belastbarere Ergebnisse f{\"u}r effektive Bemessungen der Stopfs{\"a}ulen zu liefern.}, language = {de} } @misc{Schildbach, author = {Schildbach, Ina}, title = {Rezension vom 05.02.2020 zu: Deutscher Verein f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliche und private F{\"u}rsorge e.V.: Kinderarmut bek{\"a}mpfen - Armutskarrieren verhindern. Deutscher Verein f{\"u}r {\"o}ffentliche und private F{\"u}rsorge e.V. - DV (Berlin) 2019. ISBN 978-3-7841-3133-7}, series = {Sozialnet Rezensionen}, journal = {Sozialnet Rezensionen}, publisher = {socialnet GmbH}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, issn = {2190-9245}, language = {de} }