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The long-term development of membership numbers in sports clubs and federations is well documented through statistical surveys, such as annual sports development reports. However, studies dedicated to analyzing membership developments have a considerable time lag due to their retrospective approach, which poses a risk for future member acquisition and retention strategies. Modern market research methods attempt to address this challenge by using econometric approaches to deliver solid explanations and forecasts based on identified systematic patterns. Share of Search (SoS) analyses are already successfully used in various industries to forecast the development of market shares. This involves measuring the effect of the development of online search queries in Google and other search engines in one period on the change of market shares in the following period. For the first time, this approach is transferred to a pilot study that observes the membership development of 20 sports federations in Germany. This study shows that online search queries have a high explanatory power for membership development in sports. Therefore, SoS studies can be used accordingly as a relevant indicator for future planning in sports management.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. The gold standard for their diagnosis and treatment are angiographic procedures, which require specialized equipment. The speed of their continued development is important as better technology enables progress in clinical outcomes. This article proposes a new process model for the innovation and development and shows how to optimize it such that it takes minimal time. The conducted literature research identifies this closed loop process model as being unique in comparison to the well-established models proposed by Brockhoff, Cooper, Crawford, Durfee, Ebert, Eppinger, Hughes, Pleschak, Thom, Ulrich, Vahs and Witt. During a long-term observation of the innovation and development process of angiographic systems 672 data sets on 302 topics were collected over 47 months to validate this process model. The data collected is equivalent to efforts worth 30 man-years. This input was used to calculate key process parameters, analyse key process roles, evaluate the use of problem-solving methods and identify key technologies. We recommend to apply a continuous loop process in the context of innovation and development of medical devices. In the analysed datasets a potential of an up to 20% shorter process time was identified. Our results can be used for an Activity Based Costing Approach or be applied to bring new or upgraded angiography systems faster to market benefitting patient outcome due to improved diagnosis and treatment. According to the best knowledge of the authors no comparable data collection relating to angiography systems has been performed and presented anywhere else yet.
Offene Drogenszenen finden sich in jeder deutschen Großstadt und werfen sowohl Fragen der öffentlichen Ordnung als auch der Gesundheit auf. In
diesem Beitrag wird die Situation offener Drogenszenen in Deutschland
dargestellt und wie diese durch sich verändernde Drogenmärkte beeinflusst
werden. Es wurde ein selektives narratives Review durchgeführt.Menschen in offenen Drogenszenen befinden sich häufig in prekären Lebenssituationen und haben einen im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung schlechteren gesundheitlichen Zustand. Die hohe Verfügbarkeit von Kokain in Europa und das möglicherweise ausbleiben von Heroin aus Afghanistan kann negative Auswirkungen auf die offenen Drogenszenen haben. Auf die Veränderungen der Drogenmärkte müssen sich die Angebote an die offene Drogenszene anpassen, wie am Beispiel Crack deutlich wird. Für ein Aufkommen von synthetischen Opioiden können bereits jetzt Vorbereitungen getroffen werden. Insgesamt sind ein diversifiziertes Hilfesystem und ein stringentes stadtpolitisches Handeln unter Beteiligung aller Akteur:innen, eine
Entkriminalisierung der Konsumierenden illegaler psychoaktiver Substanzen
sowie legale Zugänge zu Substanzen wichtige Schlüssel zu einer Verbesserung
der Lebenssituation der Menschen in offenen Drogenszenen. Drogenpolitische
Entscheidungen sollten auch mit Blick auf internationale Drogenmärkte und
deren Einfluss auf offene Drogenszenen getroffen werden.
Offene Drogenszenen
(2025)
Background: There were 2227 drug-related deaths in Germany in 2023, corresponding to a rise of 12% over the previous year and a doubling over the course of a decade. Approximately 60% of these deaths were related to opioid consumption. In this narrative review, we discuss whether take-home naloxone (THN) might lower the mortality of persons with opioid dependency.
Methods: This review is based on pertinent publications that were retrieved by a selective search in PubMed.
Results: Seven observational studies of the mortality of persons with opioid dependency were included in the analysis. The available evidence for the intervention is on a low level. The studies indicate an overall lowering of mortality even though a significant reduction in drug-related deaths was not always achieved. It was concluded in a meta-analysis of 9 observational studies that 9.2% (95% confidence interval, [5.2; 13.1]) of the THN kits provided were actually used in the first three months to prevent opioid overdose–related death. In a Canadian study, 43% [41; 45] of the naloxone kits that were handed out over a period of 8 years were used and successfully prevented opioid overdose-related death. The latter figures suggest that the use of THN may have been systematically underestimated to date.
Conclusion: Demonstrating the efficacy of THN is difficult because of the nature of the research topic. Current evidence implies that THN lowers the mortality of persons with opioid dependence. It is estimated that only about 1.3% of opioid dependent people have been provided with THN in Germany thus far. A major expansion of the provision and use of THN could contribute to a further reduction in opioid-related deaths.
Cite this as: Fleissner S, Stöver H, Schäffer D, Wodarz-von Essen H, Deimel D, Wodarz N: Take-home naloxone in opioid dependency: An intervention to reduce opioid-related deaths.
Background
Open drug scenes are characterized by public gatherings of people who use drugs (PWUD) for the purpose of drug consumption and trade, often related to poor health conditions as risk of overdose, a higher prevalence of infectious disease and social exclusion. This cross-sectional survey investigated the characteristics, substance use patterns, and support needs of PWUD within the open drug scene at Neumarkt in Cologne (ODSC) in Germany.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and June 2023 among PWUD frequenting the ODSC. A structured questionnaire, comprising sociodemographic information, substance use patterns, overdose history, and psychosocial support needs was used.
Results
A total of 119 participants were surveyed, with a majority identifying as male (79%) and an average age of 42 years. Heroin was the most frequently consumed substance (64.7%), followed by alcohol (56.3%) and crack/cocaine (21%). People who use crack (PWUC) were younger (mean age 36.6) and more likely to be homeless (56%) than respondents who are not using crack. The most mentioned support needs included housing (69.5%), bureaucratic assistance (60.2%), and health related support (51.7%).
Conclusion
The ODSC presents a complex risk environment where homelessness, limited access to healthcare due to lack of health insurance, and frequent substance use exacerbate health and social challenges. Expanding harm reduction services, including housing first initiatives, and low-threshold opioid substitution treatment access for individuals without health insurance, is crucial to address these issues.