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Auf Grund der ständig steigenden Anforderungen während der Entwicklung neuartiger Produkte ist es oftmals schwierig einen optimalen Entwurf zu finden. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll deshalb einen Einblick in die Welt der mathematischen Optimierung geben und anhand von ausgewählten Beispielen aus der Mehrkörperdynamik die nötigen Schritte einer Optimierungsrechnung genauer erklären. Spezielle Aufmerksamkeit wird hierbei der Ermittlung der Bewegungsgleichungen, der Formulierung der Optimierungsaufgabe und der zur Lösung des Optimierungsproblems nötigen Algorithmen geschenkt, wobei die dargestellte Theorie schließlich durch ein Anwendungsbei-spiel aus der Praxis abgerundet werden soll.
Basic aspects of a high velocity Diesel jet interaction with small cylindrical obstacles are presented in the paper. The phenomenon discussed in the paper lies between cylinder overflow and jet impingement on to solid wall. Especially the effect of high velocity Diesel jet “destruction” and its distribution in space are investigated in the paper. As shown, the dominant role in this process plays a fist obstacle: its diameter, distance from the nozzle outlet and injection pressure play a dominant role in characterization of the jet distribution in space. The jet spatial distribution bases on a multi-jet model. By Diesel jet impingement on a single obstacle with smaller diameter the distribution angle decreases with increasing injection pressure. For bigger obstacle the angle separating both jets increases being almost independent of the injection pressure. This angle does not change with time after impingement process, however decreases with increasing distance between nozzle and the obstacle. For Diesel jet impingement on more than single obstacle, the jet distribution depends on the obstacle geometrical configuration but not necessarily on the number of obstacles. As shown in the paper quite similar distribution has been obtained for three and eight obstacles configurations. Presented phenomenological model explains this observation. There is possible to design such configuration of small obstacles which permit very good charge homogenization in defined space (combustion chamber).
„Stellen wir uns vor, an jedem Tag würde ein winziges Quantum mehr Liebe, Vernunft, Klugheit aufscheinen. Menschen würden sich eine Spur aufmerksamer behandeln. Liebende würden eine Nuance liebevoller miteinander umgehen. Bürger würden sich ein winziges Stück weit kooperativer untereinander verhalten. …(Wir haben es selbst in der Hand, Anmerkung des Verfassers)“ Matthias Horx, 2007
The Sky Train at Dortmund University campus is a driverless transit system. Cabins suspended from the elevated guideway glide along towards to their destination. The vehicles can run on the double track route at one-minute intervalls with a nominal speed of 50 km/h. The guideway consists of boxshaped steel beams with a narrow slot on bottom. With its structure it forms the inside support wheel and guidance wheel tracks for the bogies. The passenger cabins hanging on the bogies are oscillating in lateral direction influenced by the periodic track irregularities. For different system parameters the response of the lateral cabin acceleration at the center of gravity is determined by frequency response analysis and computer simulation. It is shown that by optimizing the design parameters the passenger ride comfort in lateral direction can be improved enormously. Further improvement is possible only by active control. The original version of the paper was presented on the Second International Conference on Dynamics, Vibration and Control, Beijing, P.R. China 2006.
The paper describes application of a highly porous open cell structures to internal combustion engines for supporting mixture formation and combustion processes. Porous structures, materials and their properties for engine application are discussed in this paper. Especially application to a high temperature combustion processes are considered. Novel concepts for internal combustion engines based on the application of porous medium technology are presented and discussed. The main attention is focused on the engine concepts having potential for homogeneous (nerly emissions free) combustion process under variable engine operational conditions. It is shown that porous media can be used for a great variety of improvements in the combustion process. The key role for NOx reduction and soot emission ellimination is a homogeneous combustion in engine. This can be realised by homogeneous mixture formation, and a 3D ignition preventing from formation of a flame front having a temperature gradient a in the entire combustion volume. All these processes: gas flow, fuel injection and its spatial distribution, vaporization, mixture homogenization, ignition and combustion can be controlled or positively influenced with the help of porous media/ceramic reactors.
Es wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, das dazu dient, den Standort eines künftigen digitalen Kurzwellen-Rundfunkempfängers allein auf Grund der empfangbaren Sender zu bestimmen. Die prinzipielle Eignung des vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens wird an Hand von Versuchen mit analogen Rundfunksendern und Amateurfunksendern nachgewiesen.
Die experimentelle Realisierung des Strahlungsdrucks hat zur Entwicklung von Manipulatoren für Mikropartikel geführt. Zum tieferen Verständnis der Entstehung des Drucks wird als einfaches Beispiel der Strahlungsdruck auf eine ebene Platte und die mechanische Spannung in der Platte bei senkrechtem Strahleinfall berechnet. Dabei wird sowohl das Wellenmodell als auch das Teilchenmodell der Optik verwendet. Es zeigt sich, daß letzteres einfacher zu handhaben und anschaulicher ist.
In 2020 Malaysia will be a highly developed industrialized country. This aim is described in the Vision 2020 program. And Malaysia acts accordingly and founded five application oriented universities in the recent 2 1/2 years. How to set up application oriented universities and how to educate highly qualified application oriented engineers were the main topics of the 1st National Convention on Engineering Education: Profession Oriented Approach in Putrajaya, Malaysia, July 7-9, 2003. The author has been invited by the conference organisors to give a keynote speech on the economic relevance of Fachhochschulen to the German economy because Germany's professional and application oriented education system is a preferred reference model. This paper presents statistical evidence that Fachhochschulen are indispensable to the German higher education and economy.
Die Zahlungsbilanz
(2009)
In this report the author proposes strategy for development of intelligent combustion systems with a goal to approach a near-zero emission internal combustion engine operating in a wide range of speeds and loads. Main requirement for future I.C. engine is to develop a system permitting homogeneous combustion process (minimum of engine emissions) under all operational conditions. The author suggests, that none existing individual combustion system may satisfy these conditions. However, combination of different individual combustion modes in a one system may permit homogeneous combustion in a wider range of loads. Such combination of individual systems having potential for a homogeneous combustion and operating in different ranges of engine loads is here defined as an intelligent engine. In order to make this strategy practicable a new concept for mixture formation (MDI-Mixture Direct Injection) and homogeneous combustion based on the Porous Medium (PM)- technology is proposed in this paper. This is probably first publication indicating possibility of developing of intelligent combustion systems in engines. This paper concentrates on MDI system that may adopt an actual combustion mode realizing in engine (i.e. ignition and combustion conditions) to actual engine operational conditions