TY - THES A1 - Schiller, Philip T1 - Migration und Erweiterung eines Nightly-Build-Systems für ein Embedded Linux auf ein Continuous-Integration-System N2 - The company Plusoptix GmbH develops and sells medical devices to measure the refraction of infants. For the implementation of these functionalities, the necessary hardware and software is integrated in the apparatus. In addition, an individual OS was developed to perform specific tasks efficiently and quickly. In order to continuously close security gaps and meet requirements, the operating system must constantly be up to date. This activity is realized by the construction of the embedded Linux with the help of the internal NBS. Nightly building of the OS enables testing of changed software code or integrated modules. However, due to the steadily growing project tree of Plusoptix GmbH, the system increasingly shows problem areas. This includes aspects of administration and information overview. In addition, new functionalities such as continuous integration are desired to ensure the greatest possible SQA. Based on these features, the master thesis includes the development of a CIS to address the emerging requirements. Additionally, all previous process cycles of the old system should be integrable. For this purpose, a catalog of requirements for the new system must first be designed and specified. With the framework conditions defined, a targeted search can then be made for software to solve the existing problems. These must be evaluated in order to find the most efficient solution approach. In the end, a system is to be established that replaces the NBS andmeets current and future requirements. KW - operation system KW - Nightly-Build-Systems KW - Software Quality Assurance Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - THES A1 - Frania, Kevin T1 - Technisches Sound Design eines Automobil Signaltons mit Methoden der West Coast Synthese N2 - In der folgenden Bachelorthesis werden Warn- und Hinweistöne erstellt, welche auf Basis von natürlichen Klängen aufgenommen und in weiteren Schritten bearbeitet werden. Dazu wird vor allem eine Studie analysiert, die sich mit den affektiven Klangwahrnehmungen des menschlichen Bewusstseins auseinandergesetzt hat. Die natürlichen Klänge, die dazu aufgenommen werden, sind in dieser Studie in einem zweidimensionalen Koordinatensystem verteilt und in vier Quadranten aufgeteilt. Die Bearbeitung der Töne zeigt einen tiefen Einblick in die Audio Produktion. So werden unter anderem Praktiken erläutert, wie Audio Signale qualitativ hochwertig klingen können, ohne den Charakter zu verfremden. Außerdem werden Methoden der West Coast Synthese genutzt, um ein umfangreiches Sound Design anzuwenden. Die West Coast Synthese ist ebenfalls ein Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit. Es werden grundlegende Charakterzüge des Buchla 208c Synthesizers erläutert, in dem die einzelnen Module umfangreich erklärt werden. Ebenso wird die digitale Reaktor 6 Variante des Soft- und Hardware Herstellers Native Instruments mit dem analogen Vorbild verglichen. KW - Sound Design, affektive Klänge Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Porsch, Philipp T1 - Vergleich von Videokompressionsverfahren für den Bahnbetrieb N2 - Ziel der Bachelorarbeit war es, die zwei Videokompressionsverfahren JPEG und H.264 miteinander zu vergleichen. Dazu wurden diese Verfahren unter den Betrachtungspunkten der Latenz, der Bildqualität und der Datenübertragungsrate analysiert und die Ergebnisse gegenübergestellt. Dabei wurden zunächst die Messergebnisse untereinander bewertet und eine weiterführende Abwägung im Hinblick des Einsatzgebietes in einem Embedded-System für den Bahnbetrieb durchgeführt. Als Ergebnis konnte sich die H.264 Codierung in den Vergleichspunkten gegenüber JPEG durchsetzen. Weitergehend wurden die gewonnenen Ergebnisse auf ein bahntechnisches Hard- und Softwaresystem angewendet und dort ein Prototyp zur Darstellung von IP-Streams entwickelt. Zur Entwicklung wurden die Programmiersprache C++ sowie das GStreamer Framework eingesetzt. KW - JPEG KW - H.264 KW - GStreamer KW - Videostream KW - Linux Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-7816 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wang, Dong A1 - Masannek, Marco A1 - May, Stefan A1 - Nüchter, Andreas T1 - Infradar-Localization: single-chip infrared- and radar-based Monte Carlo localization N2 - Infradar-Localization: single-chip infrared- and radar-based Monte Carlo localization. This paper proposes a novel approach for indoor robot localization that leverages a fusion of information from single-chip infrared (Time-of-Flight) and radar sensors. The aim of our research is the development of a cost-effective and lightweight system that can achieve high-precision robot localization. Unlike traditional localization methods based on LiDARs or cameras, our proposed system uses single-chip infrared and radar sensors to overcome the limitations of high cost and bulky hardware. Specifically, we employ a Doppler radar-based velocity motion model for the estimation of the robot's ego-motion, eliminating the need for additional sensors such as IMU or wheel encoders. Next, we describe a hybrid sensor model for single-chip infrared and radar sensors that provides robust and accurate environmental perception with dynamic outlier removal. Finally, we integrate these components into a Monte Carlo localization framework to generate accurate real-time estimation of the robot's position and orientation. This is the first time a single-chip infrared and radar fusion based framework has been applied to robot localization, to the best of our knowledge. Through a comprehensive experimental evaluation, we demonstrate the system's high accuracy and efficiency, achieving an average localization error of 9 cm in diverse indoor environments. This remarkable performance, combined with the low-cost and lightweight nature of our proposed solution, positions it as a highly promising alternative for a wide range of applications, including robotics, smart homes, and autonomous vehicles. The significant advancements of this novel approach offer vast potential to revolutionize the field of localization, enabling more precise and cost-effective navigation systems. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-10502 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hossain, Md Nafis Imtiaj T1 - Erarbeiten einer Systematik um die Software/SPS Programme in der Produktion N2 - Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist ein ganzes Teilprojekt in sich selbst abzuwickeln, um Datensicherung zur Daten- und Programmsicherung aller Steuerungen der Anlagen bei Firma KOSH durchzuführen. Die verschiedenen Arten von Steuerungen und HMIs, die in Betrieb sind, sind zu analysieren und dazu erforderliche Software und Hardware, die zur Durchführung der Datensicherheit notwendig ist, muss festgelegt und für den Einsatz organisiert werden. Die Datensicherungen sollen zuerst lokal auf einem Laptop und später im Cloud-System von Version Dog für eine spätere Verwendung im Falle von Schäden oder Ausfall an der SPS gespeichert werden. Die Entwicklung und Umsetzung des Projektes soll mit verschiedenen internen und externen Kollegen geplant werden. Die Möglichkeit von Ersatzteilen als Backup oder eine zukünftige Umstellung auf moderne Steuerungen, wie neue Generation von Siemens oder Bosch Steuerungen anstelle der alten Bosch Rexroth-Steuerungen ist zu berücksichtigen. Daher ist eine Kostenabschätzung für die Möglichkeiten und Herstelleroptionen für einen Umstieg auf neue Modelle oder das Vorhalten von Ersatzteilen als Backup zu recherchieren und zu analysieren. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - THES A1 - Renner, Philipp T1 - Deep Learning basierte Segmentierung und Transformation von Spike-Rauschen in der MR-Bildgebung N2 - Die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) ist ein bildgebendes Diagnoseverfahren, das auf starken Magnetfeldern und sensiblen Detektoren basiert. Es kann zu Spike-Rauschen kommen, das die Bildqualität negativ beeinflusst. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob neuronale Netzwerke das Spike-Rauschen reduzieren können, um die Bildqualität zu verbessern. Dazu wird eine Bildverarbeitungspipeline entworfen, bestehend aus den Teilbereichen Detektion, Segmentierung und Transformation. Verschiedene neuronale Netzarchitekturen werden für jeden Teilbereich ausgewählt und auf Basis verschiedener Daten trainiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Detektion und Segmentierung basierend auf der L1-Norm die besten Ergebnisse liefern. Es werden bestimmte Netzwerkarchitekturen ausgewählt, um die Transformation durchzuführen. Die gesamte Pipeline reduziert das Rauschen erheblich, aber weitere Tests sind erforderlich, um die Robustheit der Implementierung sicherzustellen. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Multiresonanztherapie KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Bildklassifikation KW - MRT Y1 - 2023 SP - II EP - 116 ER - TY - THES A1 - Roth, Dennis T1 - Weiterentwicklung eines gasbetriebenen Wirbelschicht-Sinterreaktor für kleinste Keramikbauteile N2 - Diese Arbeit optimiert einen gasbetriebenen Wirbelschicht-Sinterreaktor für kleinste Keramikbauteile. Der Reaktor nutzt das Prinzip der Wirbelschicht, um die zu sinternden keramischen Bauteile in der Schwebe zu halten und ermöglicht so eine erhebliche Beschleunigung der Prozesszeit im Vergleich zu konventionellen Brennöfen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den bestehenden Forschungs-reaktor zu optimieren, indem der Brenner neu ausgerichtet, ein neues konisches Brennrohr konstruiert und eine neue Vorrichtung zur Probenentnahme entwickelt wurde. Die Anlage wurde erfolgreich verbessert und ermöglicht nun den Schwebezustand der Bauteile sowie eine schnellere Aufheizung. Es wurde auch eine Vorrichtung zur Probenentnahme konstruiert und die Bauteile auf Maßhaltigkeit und Bildung von Agglomeraten untersucht. Allerdings muss das Material des Brennrohrs ersetzt werden. Insgesamt konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Anlage erfolgreich verbessert wurde und das Sintern der Bauteile nun möglich ist. N2 - This work optimizes a gas-fired fluidized bed sintering reactor for small ceramic components. The reactor uses the principle of fluidized bed to suspend the ceramic components to be sintered, allowing for a significant reduction in process time compared to conventional furnaces. The objective of this study was to optimize the existing research reactor by realigning the burner, designing a new conical combustion tube, and developing a new device for sample extraction. The system was successfully improved to achieve the suspension state of the components and faster heating. A sample extraction device was also developed, and the components were examined for dimensional accuracy and agglomeration. However, the material of the combustion tube needs to be replaced. Overall, this study demonstrated successful improvements to the system, enabling the sintering of the components. KW - Wirbelschichtreaktor Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-9506 SP - II EP - 65 ER - TY - THES A1 - Görg, Fabian T1 - Steuerung für ein Thorax-Phantom zur Nachbildung der menschlichen Atembewegung N2 - The goal of this work was to develop the control system for a thorax phantom to emulate human respiratory motion. Therefore, the actuator components of the phantom consisted exclusively of shape memory wires. It should be possible to compare newly developed and existing gating systems in a breathing frequency range from 0,2 Hz to 1,2 Hz with the phantom. For this purpose, an artificial muscle was developed to simulate the respiratory support muscles in the back, which was investigated for its temperature-dependent contraction behavior using a temperature and angle measurement. This made it possible to determine the optimal operating point for controlling the artificial muscle. For the control of the repsiratory movement of the chest and abdomen, tests were performed on an existing gating system. It was shown that the thorax phantom can successfully reproduce respiratory motions in the lower respiratory frequency range. At higher respiratory frequencies, the quality of the respiratory signal decreased significantly in the performed tests, depending on the gating system. A final test performed with an existing gating system on a computer tomograph was successful. N2 - Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung der Steuerung für ein Thorax-Phantom zur Nachbildung der menschlichen Atembewegung. Die Aktorikkomponenten des Phantoms bestanden dabei ausschließlich aus Formgedächtnisdrähten. Mit dem Phantom sollte es möglich sein, neu entwickelte und bestehende Gating-Systeme in einem Atemfrequenzbereich von 0,2 Hz bis 1,2 Hz miteinander zu vergleichen. Hierfür wurde zur Nachbildung der Atemhilfsmuskulatur im Rücken ein künstlicher Muskel entwickelt, der mit einer Temperatur- und Winkelmessung auf sein temperaturabhängiges Kontraktionsverhalten untersucht wurde. Dadurch konnte der optimale Arbeitspunkt für die Steuerung des künstlichen Muskels ermittelt werden. Für die Steuerung der Atembewegung von Brust und Bauch wurden Tests an einem bestehenden Gating-System durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich, dass das Thorax-Phantom die Atem-bewegungen im unteren Atemfrequenzbereich erfolgreich nachbilden kann. Bei höheren Atemfrequenzen nahm die Qualität des Atemsignals bei den durchgeführten Tests, abhängig vom Gating-System, deutlich ab. Ein abschließender Test durchgeführt mit einem bestehenden Gating-System an einem Computertomographen war erfolgreich. KW - Thorax KW - Thorax-Phantom KW - Thorax KW - Phantom KW - Steuerung KW - Respiration Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-8078 ER - TY - THES A1 - Friegel, Kerstin T1 - Capability of scheduled maintenance to detect electromagnetic and lightning protection degradation N2 - Due to the growing use of low-conductivity composite materials for airframes and skin, the shielding effectiveness of aircraft has been weakened within recent years. As a result, the importance of electromagnetic hazards and associated effects on flight safety have increased dramatically. Especially high intensity electromagnetic fields are likely to interfere with sensitive avionic systems, while lightning strikes produce high-energetic charges and currents which might cause physical damages and induced transients on onboard wirings and equipment-internal circuits. To ensure safe flight and landing conditions, additional protection measures are required to be introduced in aircraft design. However, aging and degradation effects of mentioned electromagnetic and lightning protection features can't be avoided, thus, specific scheduled maintenance actions within appropriate intervals must be defined during certification process to retain every single aircraft in a serviceable condition. As there's a lack of database to validate expected preliminary degradation and aging behavior until the first scheduled inspection, most maintenance definitions just rely on in-service and maintenance experience of similar aicraft. Hence, within this thesis, current regulations and practical implementations of lightning and electromagnetic protection on Airbus rotorcraft shall be investigated in order to perform 3D simulations for determination of the correlation of electromagnetic protection failure and wiring-induced transients. As a final aim, maintenance improvements for minimization of adverse degradation impact on helicopter safety can be achieved. KW - High Intensity Radiated Fields, Lightning Indirect Effects, helicopters, induced currents, numerical simulation, scheduled maintenance Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - THES A1 - Röhrich, Dennis T1 - Entwicklung und Konstruktion eines Prüfstands für Reluktanzresolver N2 - Damit ein Elektromotor exakt geregelt werden kann, muss die aktuelle Rotorlage erfasst werden. Hierzu werden oftmals Reluktanzresolver eingesetzt. Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die Konzepterstellung, Detailauslegung und Konstruktion eines Prüfstands, mit dem die Auswertung solcher Resolver optimiert werden kann. Dazu sollen die Resolver in den Prüfstand eingesetzt und per Software gesteuert in Rotation versetzt werden können. Ein, in den Prüfstand integrierter, optischer Drehgeber liefert ein Referenzsignal, mit dem die berechnete Winkellage kontrolliert werden kann. Zur Planung werden ein vorhandener Prüfstand und daraus hervorgehendes Wissen aus der Abteilung herangezogen. Daraus wird im Anschluss die Anforderungsliste abgeleitet. Um effizienter Lösungskonzepte aufstellen zu können, wird der Prüfstand in zwei Funktionsgruppen aufgeteilt. Nach der technisch-wirtschaftlichen Bewertung werden beide Funktionsgruppen wieder zu einem Gesamtkonzept zusammengefügt. In der Entwurfsphase werden nach dem Gesamtkonzept und der Anforderungsliste Zukaufteile ausgewählt. Einzelteile werden in der CAD-Software SolidWorks konstruiert. Zeitgleich werden nötige Nachweise über und für diese Teile erbracht. Somit wird sichergestellt, dass die Zukaufteile den Montagevorgaben der Hersteller, aber auch der Anforderungsliste, entsprechen. Einzelteilübergreifende Nachweise werden mit den erstellten Baugruppen zusammen erbracht. Zum Ende dieser Arbeit wird überprüft, ob alle Anforderungen vollständig und korrekt umgesetzt sind. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die Anforderungen mit Nachweisen zur Umsetzung oder der entsprechenden Verifikationen verknüpft. KW - Konstruktion, Entwicklung, Prüfstand, Reluktanzresolver Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sohns, Dennis T1 - Untersuchung eines Verfahrens zur breitbandigen, digitalen Datenübertragung über einen substratintegrierten Wellenleiter (SIW) N2 - Um auch zukünftig die steigenden Datenraten und die damit verbundene Kanalbandbreite in optischen Systemen der Telekommunikationsbranche zur Verfügung zu stellen, sind neue Ansätze bei der Datenübertragung notwendig. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren untersucht, dass die breitbandige, digitale Datenübertragung über einen solchen neuen Ansatz, den substratintegrierten Wellenleiter (SIW), ermöglicht. Zur Untersuchung war es zunächst notwendig, die Anforderungen an das Verfahren, anhand der gegebenen Rahmenbedingungen, festzustellen. Für das anschließend erstellte Konzept wurde eine Marktrecherche zu den zur Umsetzung notwendigen Komponenten durchgeführt. Anhand dieser Auswahl konnte mittels einer Transientensimulation die allgemeine Tauglichkeit des Verfahrens nachgewiesen werden, noch bevor es in einen Schaltplan überführt wurde. Das aus dem Schaltplan erzeugte Layout wurde zur Beseitigung etwaiger Störstellen mit einem 3D Feldsimulator untersucht und steht zur Freigabe für eine Leiterplattenproduktion bereit. Das Ergebnis dieser Arbeit ist ein untersuchtes und in die Praxis umsetzbares Verfahren, mit dem ein breitbandiges, digitales Signal über einen substratintegrierten Wellenleiter übertragen werden kann. Jedoch eignet sich die Implementierung des Verfahrens nicht für die direkte Umsetzung in zukünftigen Projekten. Dies liegt zum einen am erhöhten Schaltungs-aufwand gegenüber den aktuell verwendeten Verfahren und zum anderen am Mangel geeigneter, momentan auf dem Markt verfügbarer Komponenten, die die benötigte Bandbreite zur Verfügung stellen. N2 - In order to provide the increasing data rates and associated channel bandwidth in optical systems for the telecommunications industry in the future, new approaches to data transmission are necessary. In this work, a method is investigated that enables broadband digital data transmission via such a new approach, the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). For the investigation, it was first necessary to determine the requirements for the method, based on the given constraints. For the subsequently created concept, a market research was performed on the components required for implementation. On the basis of this selection, the general suitability of the method could be demonstrated by a transient simulation, even before it was transferred to a circuit schematic. The layout generated from the schematic was analyzed with a 3D field simulator to eliminate any interference points and is now ready to be released for PCB production. The result of this work is a method that has been investigated and can be implemented in practice to transmit a broadband digital signal over a substrate integrated waveguide. However, the implementation of the method is not suitable for direct implementation in future projects. This is due to the increased circuitry effort compared to the currently used methods and to the lack of suitable components currently available on the market that provide the required bandwidth. KW - SIW KW - Modulation KW - Schaltungsentwurf KW - Hochfrequenztechnik KW - Digitale Datenübertragung Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-8021 CY - Nürnberg ER - TY - THES A1 - Fichtner, Markus T1 - Extending Vivifly – a web based configuration interface for Virtual Prototypes N2 - The time available to bring a new product to market is getting shorter and shorter. To keep up, virtual prototypes have become an essential part in the product development cycle. We wanted to create a configuration interface to allow for a fast and easy configuration of said prototypes. We want to evaluate how the created interface performs when used with valid or invalid data and how accurately the requirements for the software were met. As a basis for this analysis we have created an approach to develop a user interface (UI) based on the existing Vivifly application and have extended it with some functionality. We used the approach to perform a set of software tests to evaluate its functionality. The tests focus on the behaviour of the UI and its output, when the user interacts with it. This is done by either testing the UI as it was intended or with inputs, that usually would not be entered. The results of the software tests show that although a large part of the requirements have been implemented, some special cases have not yet been considered and need additional information. Out of the 22 test cases seven did encounter a problem while performing them. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hartwig, Tanja T1 - Rezyklierbarkeit des Kunststoffpulvers PA12 zur Verarbeitung auf einer SLS-Anlage N2 - In dieser Arbeit wird die Rezyklierbarkeit des Kunststoffpulvers Polyamid 12 für den SLS-Druck untersucht. Durch den hohen Pulververbrauch und den geringen Anteil an wiederverwendbarem Pulver ist der SLS-Druck teuer und nicht nachhaltig. Daher soll der Anteil an wiederverwendbarem Pulver erhöht und die Auswirkungen auf das Material betrachtet werden. Hierfür werden Prüfkörper mit verschiedenen Pulvermischungsverhältnissen hergestellt, Zugversuche und Härtemessungen durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse verglichen. Anschließend werden Kennlinien erstellt, welche einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Neupulveranteil und den Materialkennwerten aufzeigen. Ziel hierbei ist es für jede Anwendung ein spezifisches Mischungsverhältnis bestimmen zu können, bei dem die Materialkennwerte die Anforderungen der Anwendung erfüllen und gleichzeitig möglichst wenig Neupulver verwendet wird. KW - SLS-Druck KW - Rezyklierbarkeit KW - PA12 Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Weis, Tobias T1 - Erstellen einer Steuerungssoftware für Schienenfahrzeuge mit Python zum automatischen Abfahren eines vorgegebenen Fahrspiels N2 - Within the scope of this dissertation a program shall be developed to automatically retrace a given operational cycle of a train set. The program shall be programmed with „Python“. At least two rail vehicles are linked together. The profile contains the setpoint values of the speed as well as the setpoint values of the traction force of both rail vehicles. The last ones are transferred into the control units of both vehicles. A controller shall be implemented to regulate the real value of the speed of the train set when there is a difference to the setpoint value. The real values of speed and traction force of both vehicles as well as the setpoint values shall be saved in a file. Furthermore, a mode shall be implemented to continuously settle an operating point for the train set. This operating point is defined by a setpoint value of the traction force of the first vehicle and a setpoint value of the speed of the train set. The results of the executed operational cycles show that an automatical retracing is well possible. The accuracy of the operational cycle depends much on the accuracy of the calculated given profile of the setpoint values of the traction force of both vehicles. Interferences are quickly and safely compensated. It is possible to steadly settle any operating point for the train set. Therefore this mode is suitible for approaching all possible operating points in a simple and cost effective way. KW - Lokomotive KW - Regelungstechnik KW - Python Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hohner, Sandra T1 - Performanceanalyse von Bahnplanungsalgorithmen zur Steigerung der Produktivität von Industrierobotern N2 - The aim of this bachelor thesis is the analysis of the performance of motion algorithms to increase the productivity of industrial robots. The robot which is therefor used is the COMAU NJ60-2.2 robot, which is controlled by the SINUMERIK 840D sl machine tool control. The Laser Tracker Hexagon Leica Absolute Tracker AT960-SR is used as the measuring instrument. To assess the performance, motion programs are programmed, each of which is executed comparatively with the CC_ROCO compensation cycle activated and deactivated. The test strategy is based on the ISO 9283 standard. Measurements are made of the path characteristics and of the settling performance. Special attention is paid to the differences that result from the use of the compensation cycle. The measurements are initially carried out on the digital twin of the SINUMERIK ONE controller and following on the real robot. The results of the measurements show that the use of the extension function does not have any negative decisive consequences on the path accuracy or the transient response, but it positively influences the duration of time. KW - Roboter / Bahnplanung KW - Leistungsbewertung KW - ISO Norm 9283 Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Murru, Roberto A1 - Krug, Jonas A1 - Schmid, Tom A1 - Steba, Garri A1 - Giacinto, Giorgio A1 - von Hoffmann, Alexander T1 - AI Generated Music Using Speech Emotion Recognition N2 - This study aims to compare two different implementations of speech emotion recognition models.The emphasis is directed towards evaluating their efficacy in capturing and characterizing dialogues portrayed by actors within a film scene to create suitable musical intervals. The goal of the overarching research intends to derive indications to enhance the compositional process of film scores by recognizing the emotion in a particular scene. Based on established deep learning models, the study delves into the exploration of two distinct emotion classification metrics: The Six Emotion Prediction and the Valence/Arousal/Dominance Prediction. To facilitate a comparative analysis, a preliminary study an a following survey is deployed. The preliminary study confirms a significant difference in the generated MIDI data. For this reason, a survey is essential to detect the better fitting algorithm. Participants are tasked to rate the affective suitability of eight generated interval sequences to the corresponding film scenes. The Suitability is verified quantitatively using a bidirectional rating system. Both model assessments are conducted within a uniform sound design, thus ensuring unbiased conditions for evaluation. Upon a thorough examination of our extensive analysis, a preference for method A becomes increasingly evident. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-12016 SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sparrer, Lisa Marie A1 - Winkelmann, Sven A1 - von Hoffmann, Alexander A1 - Sánchez Morillo, Daniel T1 - A Novel Framework for the Assessment of the Impact of Affective UI Sounds in a Driving Situation Through Virtual Reality and Physiological Signals N2 - The objective of this study was to develop an experimental framework that allows research on whether the combined use of a virtual reality (VR) driving simulator, electroencephalography signals collected during driving tests and designed attentional paradigms could be applied to assess the performance of affective warning sounds for re-channelling driver’s attention in certain driving situations. Three VR driving scenarios with different stimuli and two driving tasks were designed and implemented. Acquisition of driver’s physiological data and behavioural metrics were integrated to be gathered synchronously. In addition, an experimental protocol was designed for the assessment of the impact of affective warning sounds. The technical feasibility of the framework was evaluated with the results showing that the proposed framework enables the data acquisition and analysis for a variety of warning stimuli. After successful technical deployment, a study with experimental subjects will follow to evaluate the effectiveness of affective warning sounds. KW - Driving simulator, attention, mental workload, sound, physiologic sensors, electroencephalogram, virtual reality Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-12021 SP - 1 EP - 7 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Karg, Daniel A1 - von Hoffmann, Alexander A1 - Groß, Matthias A1 - Yakimov, Yasen T1 - Development of photometric criteria for the design of registration plate illumination systems using light simulation methods N2 - The illumination of registration plates poses challenges for lighting technology. To achieve the wide and steep angles required for homogeneous illumination of the license plate, optics are needed to refract and reflect light. In this work, registration plate lamps with different components are designed. After the construction, the concepts are tested for their limits in terms of position and manufacturability. The entire work is carried out at the company CREAT GmbH in Ingolstadt. All developments in the field of registration plate lighting are subject to the UNECE and country-specific regulations, which must be considered in the development of the lights.[1] Some vehicles currently available on the automotive market are measured to classify and compare the different lamp systems. From the average values, the lamps are designed. Adjustments are repeatedly made to the lighting device to achieve the most homogeneous illumination of the registration plate. As soon as the lights meet the legal requirements, the geometric limits of the lighting device are defined in relation to the plate. As there are different polymers to produce optics, these are simulated with their refractive indices and tested for their effects on the light image. KW - Light Simulation, Ray Tracing, Optical Design, Registration/License Plate Illumination, Light Distribution, Luminance, Automotive, UNECE R4 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-14051 SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zocher, Markus A1 - Starost, Veit A1 - Grass, Norbert A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Wilfling, Timo T1 - High Bandwidth Integrator for Differential, PCB Integrated Rogowski Coils T2 - 2023 International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (EDPE) N2 - This paper provides an accurate and high-bandwidth current measurement method, using a differential, PCB integrated Rogowski coil. This measurement is ideal for switching characterization of wide-bandgap semiconductors, which are progressively improving switching speeds of power electronic circuits and require a PCB design with low parasitic inductance. A design workflow for system integration of a differential Rogowski coil, including the necessary signal processing circuits onto a printed circuit board is provided. Different parasitic effects have been analyzed, and an amplifier topology for high bandwidth and superior Common Mode rejection is presented. The calculations are verified by simulation and measurements. KW - ogowski, current measurement, differential coils, PCB, high bandwidth, common mode rejection, WBG Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPE58625.2023.10274019 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mai, Annette A1 - Wagner, Bernhard A1 - Streit, Fabian T1 - Elimination of Current Harmonics in Electrical Machines with Iterative Learning Control N2 - The magnitude of current harmonics depends on the design of an electrical machine. By suppressing these harmonics noise can be reduced and efficiency improved. Iterative Learning Control (ILC) has proven effective in reducing harmonics. One of the challenges of working with ILC is operation at varying speeds. Variable speeds are particularly important for applications like automotive drives. The ILC period length changes during the learning process at varying speeds. Due to fixed sample rates, the number of values processed by the ILC varies with motor speed.This paper proposes a method to solve this problem and uses ILC at varying speeds. The ILC used to eliminate the harmonics is based on the inverse system. The usage of a two-dimensional memory array is proposed. This data structure holds rows for specific speeds between which interpolation is performed, enabling the elimination of errors which are periodically cyclic to one electrical rotation. This includes the reduction of the motor current harmonics. To verify the presented method a permanent magnet synchronous motor with distinctive 5th and 7th harmonics is used. In real-time implementations, limitations of memory and computational capacity occur. KW - Iterative Learning Control, Repetitive Control, Current Harmonics, PMSM, Motor Control Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC51184.2020.9388177 VL - 2020 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Liegmann, Eyke A1 - Schindler, Tobias A1 - Karamanakos, Petros A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - UltraZohm — An Open-Source Rapid Control Prototyping Platform for Power Electronic Systems T2 - 2021 International Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics (ACEMP) & 2021 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM) N2 - This paper presents two rapid control prototyping (RCP) use cases facilitated by the open-source platform UltraZohm. The openly available UltraZohm development frame- work eases the transition from simulation to the test bench. The framework offers the integration of automatic code generation for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), either by using Simulink models based on the HDL Coder, or by synthesizing C++ code into VHDL via the Vivado high-level synthesis tool. The first use case focuses on the implementation details of an on-chip controller-in-the-loop setup, where a permanent magnetsynchronous machine is emulated in the FPGA with a sampling frequency of 2 MHz. The second use case presents an efficient real-time implemen-tation of the sphere decoding algorithm employed to solve the long-horizon finite control set model predictive control problem for a three-level neutral point clamped inverter driving an induction machine. Experimental results based on a small-scale prototype confirm that the algorithm can be executed in real time on the FPGA, with an execution time of a few tens of microseconds. Both use cases highlight the benefits of using a high-performance RCP platform for research in power electronics and their control. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/optim-acemp50812.2021.9590016 SN - 1842-0133 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerstner, Michael A1 - Maerz, Martin A1 - Dietz, Armin T1 - Reconfigurable Transformer for Wide Input Voltage Range DC/DC Converters T2 - 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia) N2 - A transformer with variable primary windings for wide input voltage range DC/DC converters is presented. This transformer structure allows three states of the primary winding to be converted by only two individual windings. Based on the evaluations of a two-switch flyback converter, the potential of DC/DC converters with variable structures, the implementation of such a transformer and the advantages and disadvantages are shown and discussed. Real measurement results demonstrate the noticeable increase in efficiency and the reduction in component stress, having a positive influence on the operation of the converter and the component selection during the design process. KW - DC/DC converter ; efficiency ; tapped transformer ; wide input voltage range Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ipemc-ecceasia48364.2020.9367869 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - di Tommaso, A. O. A1 - Miceli, R. A1 - Nevoloso, C. A1 - Schettino, G. T1 - Enhanced Modelling for Extended Performance Analysis of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive fed with Cascaded H-Bridges Multilevel Inverter T2 - 2021 Sixteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) N2 - This paper presents a comparative simulation analysis of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) performance once fed by a traditional three-phase two-level inverter and then using a three-phase five-level Cascaded H-Bridges Multilevel Inverter (CHBMI). For this purpose, an enhanced mathematical model of the IPMSM, that take into account simultaneously saturation, cross-coupling, spatial harmonics and iron loss effects, has been employed. Furthermore, two different PWM modulation strategies have been considered. The study was conducted for several working conditions, evaluating the impact of CHBMI adoption on the IPMSM performance in terms of improved efficiency and torque ripple reduction. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ever52347.2021.9456635 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hoerner, Michael A1 - Wendel, Sebastian A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Karamanakos, Petros A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Variable Switching Point Predictive Current Control for Multi-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Drives T2 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (PRECEDE) N2 - Finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is a promising method for the control of multi-phase machines, due to its capability to directly account for nonlinearities and multiple controlled variables. To overcome the drawback of high current ripples and excitation of harmonic currents in the so-called xy-subsystem, several methods have been proposed in the literature so far. This paper proposes an MPC-based method that achieves high granularity of switching by not only switching at the discrete time steps, but also within the sampling interval. In doing so, the discussed algorithm, referred to as variable switching point current control (VSP 2 CC), produces low current distortions, while still keeping the advantages of conventional FCS-MPC, such as fast dynamic behavior during transients. To highlight the above, VSP 2 CC is applied to a six-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) and compared with conventional FCS-MPC and MPC that employs virtual voltage vectors (VV-MPC). KW - Model predictive control, FCS-MPC, VSP2CC, VV-MPC, multi-phase, PMS Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/precede51386.2021.9680920 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rabenstein, L. A1 - Schmidt, M. A1 - Dietz, A. A1 - Parspour, N. T1 - Design, Construction and Measurement of a Laminated Transverse Flux Machine T2 - 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) N2 - This paper presents the design, construction and measurements on a transverse flux machine. The lamination concept is designed for easy fabrication and low iron losses. For a good flux guidance and a high magnetic field, electrical sheet is used for the soft magnetic circuit. The design of the machine is performed with a fast semi-analytical calculation and validated by 3D finite element analysis. The calculated quantities are compared with measurements on a prototype. Despite certain deviations, the measurements show good agreement with the calculations for the induced voltage and torque. In terms of efficiency, however, the measurement deviates significantly from the simulation. This is due to the iron losses being calculated much too small, which is evident from the separation of the measured losses. KW - asymmetric phase shift, finite element analy- ses, passive rotor, prototype measurements, semi-analytical cal- culation, separation of losses, synchronous machine, transverse flux machine Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910771 SN - 2381-4802 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wendel, Sebastian A1 - Karamanakos, Petros A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Flux Linkage-Based Model Predictive Current Control for Nonlinear PMSM Drives T2 - IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society N2 - In this paper, a flux linkage-based direct model predictive current control approach is presented for small permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The method aims to minimize the current ripples at steady state by deciding on the optimal switching instant, while exhibiting fast dynamic behavior during transients. To this end, the future trajectory of the stator current is not computed based on the machine inductances or inductance look-up tables, but on the changes of the magnetic flux linkage by utilizing flux linkage maps. As shown, the proposed method can be particularly advantageous for electric drives with a noticeable nonlinearity in terms of saturation and/or cross-coupling effects since it allows for a significantly increased prediction accuracy, which leads to an improved steady-state performance as indicated by the reduced current distortions. KW - Couplings ; Switches; Predictive models ; Mathematical model ; Rotors ; Real-time systems ; Prediction algorithmso Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9254484 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schindler, Tobias A1 - Dietz, Armin T1 - Real-Time Inference of Neural Networks on FPGAs for Motor Control Applications T2 - 2020 10th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC) N2 - Machine learning algorithms are increasingly used in industrial applications for a multitude of use-cases. However, using them in control tasks is a challenge due to real-time requirements and limited resources. In this paper, an implementation scheme for real-time inference of multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks on FPGAs is proposed. Design constraints for using MLPs in reinforcement learning agents for motor control applications are derived and accounted for in the implementation. Two MLP architectures are evaluated on an FPGA, and the timing and resource-usage data are reported. The real-time capability of the implementation for motor control applications is investigated for standard control frequencies. It is shown by experimental validation that real-time interference with an area-efficient implementation for motor control applications is achievable. Therefore, the proposed implementation scheme can be applied to deep reinforcement learning controllers with hard real-time requirements. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/edpc51184.2020.9388185 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerstner, Michael A1 - Maerz, Martin A1 - Dietz, Armin T1 - Design of a Wide Input Voltage Range Current-Fed DC/DC Converter Within a Reduced Duty-Cycle Range T2 - 2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe) N2 - A design of a current-fed push-pull converter for wide input voltage ranges within a reduced duty-cycle range is presented. Based on the converter conversion ratios of three different clamping configurations, the potential of the input clamping is shown analytical, simulative and by measurements. A differentiation is made between the four possible operating modes, which can be distinguished in the control of the semiconductors and the magnetomotive force in the reactor. By optimizing the turn ratios of both transformers, the wide input voltage range capability of the input clamped current-fed push-pull converter was improved, which has been proved by measurements on a real prototype. KW - DC power supply ; Design ; Converter circuit ; Measurement ; Power Supply Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215825 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerstner, Michael A1 - Maerz, Martin A1 - Dietz, Armin T1 - Review-based Selection Recommendation for Galvanically Isolated DC/DC Converters Designed For a Wide Input Voltage Range T2 - 2021 IEEE 19th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (PEMC) N2 - Depending on the application range, there are various recommendations in the literature which converter topology should be used. These are mostly based on experience or more or less deeper considerations. For DC/DC converters, which are operated over a wide input voltage range, such recommendations rarely exist. Therefore, this contribution shows the evolution of two input voltage dependent selection matrices, which should facilitate the selection of future topologies based on known publications and basic considerations. The focus here lies on converters for λ = V i_max /V i_min ≥ 3 with galvanic isolation. First, the data set is introduced, where a distinction is made between flyback converters, forward converters and other 1stage or 2stage converters before the evolution of the novel input voltage dependent matrices is carried out. These two matrices support the selection of a suitable topology and whether the energy transfer should be done by one or two stages. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/pemc48073.2021.9432537 SP - 167 EP - 172 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wendel, Sebastian A1 - Karamanakos, Petros A1 - Gebhardt, Philipp A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Flux Linkage-Based Direct Model Predictive Current Control for Synchronous Machines JF - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics N2 - This article presents a flux linkage-based direct model predictive current control approach that achieves favorable performance both during steady-state and transient operation. The former is achieved by computing the optimal time instants at which a new switch position is applied to the converter. To this end, the future current behavior is not computed based on the machine inductances or inductance look-up tables; instead, flux linkage maps are utilized to predict the trajectory of the magnetic flux linkage, and subsequently of the current. This is advantageous for electric drives with noticeable magnetic nonlinearity in terms of saturation and/or cross-coupling effects. Hence, by using flux linkage maps in the prediction process, the evolution of the stator current can be calculated more accurately, enabling the controller to make better switching decisions. Moreover, the discussed predictive controller exhibits excellent dynamic performance owing to its direct control nature, i.e., the control and modulation tasks are performed in one computational stage rendering a dedicated modulation stage redundant. Three different drive systems based on permanent magnet synchronous motors are examined to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented control approach. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2021.3083657 SN - 0885-8993 VL - 36 IS - 12 SP - 14237 EP - 14256 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Di Tommaso, Antonino Oscar A1 - Marignetti, Fabrizio A1 - Miceli, Rosario A1 - Nevoloso, Claudio T1 - Enhanced Flexible Algorithm for the Optimization of Slot Filling Factors in Electrical Machines JF - Energies N2 - The continuous development in the field of industrial automation and electric mobility has led to the need for more efficient electrical machines with a high power density. The improvement of electrical machines’ slot filling factors is one of the measures to satisfy these requirements. In recent years, this topic has aroused greater interest in the industrial sector, since the evolution of the winding technological manufacturing processes allows an economically sustainable realization of ordered winding arrangements, rather than random ones. Moreover, the manufacture of electrical machines’ windings must be preceded by an accurate design phase in which it is possible to evaluate the maximum slot filling factor obtainable for a given wire shape and for its dimensions. For this purpose, this paper presents an algorithmic approach for the evaluation of maximum slot filling factors in electrical machines under an ideal geometric premise. In particular, this algorithm has a greater degree of flexibility with respect to the algorithm approaches found in the literature, since the study has been extended to round, rectangular and hexagonal wire sections. Furthermore, the slot filling factor calculation was carried out both for standard and non-standard slots. The algorithmic approach proposed can be considered as an additional useful tool for the fast design of electrical machine windings. KW - electrical motors; sot filling factor; optimization algorithm; windings; magnetic wire; filling factor optimization Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en13051041 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 13 IS - 5 PB - MDPI AG ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Caruso, M. A1 - Di Tommaso, A. O. A1 - Miceli, R. A1 - Nevoloso, C. T1 - Enhanced Mathematical Modelling of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Considering Saturation, Cross-Coupling and Spatial Harmonics effects T2 - 2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) N2 - The Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous machine (IPMSM) conventional mathematical model is generally employed to investigate and simulate the IPMSM control and drive system behaviour. However, magnetic nonlinearities and spatial harmonics have a substantial influence on the IPMSM electromagnetic behaviour and performances. In order to simulate the IPMSM real electromagnetic behaviour, this paper describes an enhanced mathematical model that takes into account the saturation, cross-coupling and spatial harmonics effects. This model has been implemented in Matlab®/Simulink environment where the electric and magnetic parameters are derived from FEA investigations and implemented by the use of lookup tables. The high fidelity of the proposed IPMSM Simulink model is validated by the results of the FEA investigations carried out. KW - Finite Element Analysis (FEA); Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM); saturation; cross- coupling; spatial harmonics Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ever48776.2020.9243003 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rabenstein, Lukas A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Parspour, Nejila T1 - Design Concept of a Wound Field Transverse Flux Machine using Soft Magnetic Composite Claw-Poles T2 - 2020 10th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC) N2 - This paper presents the machine concept of a wound field transverse flux machine (WFTFM). In contrast to permanent magnet transverse flux machines (PMTFM), here the magneto motive force (mmf) of the rotor is generated by a current. The magnetic circuit of the WFTFM is made of soft magnetic composite (SMC) and is designed as claw-poles. Thus the magnetic circuit consists of only a few components. Together with the simple ring coils in stator and rotor, the WFTFM offers advantages in the production of electrical machines. The basic structure of the machine and a first design is described here. The results generated by numerical three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) are compared with those of conventional machines. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/edpc51184.2020.9388176 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schier, Michael A1 - Epple, Fabius A1 - Maaoui, Aicha A1 - Schwellinger, Martin A1 - Weber, Michael A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Zimmermann, Rolf T1 - Development of a Two In One Motor System as a new Vehicle Energy Concept for Next Generation Car T2 - 2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) KW - Air conditioning;Electric potential;Biological system modeling;Production;Automobiles;Next generation networking;Engines Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ever48776.2020.9243148 PB - IEEE ER - TY - THES A1 - Zettl, Marcel T1 - Entwicklung einer Lasteinheit zur Analyse von Antriebskonfigurationen T1 - Development of a load unit for the analysis of drive configurations N2 - Das Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit ist die Entwicklung eines Lehrsystems, bestehend aus einer Lasteinheit. Dabei setzt sich die Lasteinheit aus einer Motor-Frequenzumrichter-Kombination zusammen.Es ist sind Steuerprogramme zu entwickeln, die Funktionen, wie eine Lastsimulation, bieten. Zudem ist die Entwicklung einer GUI vorgesehen, die zur Beobachtung und Steuerung dient. Die Programmentwicklung findet im TIA-Portal, in STARTER und in LabVIEW statt. Neben der Programmentwicklung ist eine abschließende Antriebsauslegung durchzuführen. Für die erfolgreiche Programmentwicklung wurde im ersten Schritt ein Programm im TIA-Portal implementiert, wobei dies nur grobe Züge des Endprogramms enthielt und für erste Tests zuständig war. Eine Reglerparametrierung wurde mithilfe des TIA-Programms und des Programms STARTER durchgeführt. Im Anschluss wurden die Programm-teile nach LabVIEW portiert und das Hauptprogramm bis zur endgültigen Funktionsfähigkeit erweitert. Die Antriebsauslegung wurde mithilfe von entsprechend großen Lasten und Temperaturaufnahmen durchgeführt. Das Ergebnis ist ein lauffähiges LabVIEW-Programm mit GUI, das Lasten simulieren und Bremsungen von gekoppelten Motoren durch-führen kann. Die Bremsung wurde schließlich für die größtmögliche Leistungsentnahme und Antriebsauslegung eingesetzt. Der Antrieb kam bisher nicht zum Einsatz. N2 - The aim of this bachelor thesis is the development of a teaching system consisting of a load unit. The load unit consists of a motor-frequency converter combination. Control programs are to be developed that provide functions such as load simulation. In addition, the development of a GUI is planned, which is used for monitoring and control. The program development will take place in TIA Portal, STARTER and LabVIEW. In addition to the program development, a final drive design is to be performed. For successful program development, a program was implemented in the TIA Portal in the first step, whereby this only contained rough features of the final program and was responsible for initial tests. A controller parameterization was carried out using the TIA program and the STARTER program. Subsequently, the program parts were ported to LabVIEW and the main program was extended until it was finally functional. The drive design was carried out with the help of appropriately large loads and temperature recordings. The result is an executable LabVIEW program with GUI that can simulate loads and perform braking of coupled motors. Braking was finally used for the largest possible power extraction and drive sizing. The drive has not been used so far. KW - LabVIEW KW - TIA-Portal KW - Automatisierungstechnik KW - Frequenzumrichter Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-9972 SP - II EP - III ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiland, J. A1 - Bartholomee, W. A1 - Luber, M. A1 - Schiebahn, A. A1 - Engelbrecht, R. A1 - Reisgen, U. T1 - Investigation into the mechanical behavior of a polymer optical fiber embedded in a structural adhesive JF - International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives N2 - To guaranty a safe load transfer through adhesively bonded joints, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods that allow for permanent monitoring of the structural bond condition, are becoming more and more important. To meet this increasing demand, a novel approach for SHM of adhesively bonded joints by use of integrated Polymer Optical Fibers (POF) has been demonstrated in previous work. The sensor operating principle is based on strain transfer from the structural adhesive to the integrated POF. This strain transfer leads to a deformation of the POF cross-sectional shape and in that way affects the optical light propagation in the POF. In the current work, numerical and experimental results are presented into the mechanical behavior of embedded POF in adhesive bulk specimens subjected to tensile loading. Local deformations of both the POF (Asahi Kasei DB 500) and the structural adhesive (3 M Scotch Weld DP410) are evaluated using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). In the loading direction, a linear correlation is shown between strain inside the POF core and strain of the surrounding adhesive. Tests results, as well as fracture analysis, show a highly ductile behavior and failure of the POF cladding material and the interface between the POF core and annular cladding. KW - Structural health monitoring SHM Polymer optical fibers POF Epoxy Digital image correlation Finite element modelling Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.103018 SN - 0143-7496 VL - 117 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dengler, S. A. A1 - Roseeu Gonzalez, R. V. A1 - Luber, M. A1 - Ziemann, O. A1 - Engelbrecht, R. A1 - Schmauss, B. T1 - Performance Evaluation of Reference Reflections in Polymer Optical Fibers for Strain Sensing T2 - 27th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors N2 - We present a robust concept for quasi distributed strain measurement using optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) in polymer optical fibers (POF). The spatial shifts of discrete reflective events in the OTDR trace are evaluated as reference points. It is shown how such reference reflections can be prepared and which properties can be expected. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-957171-14-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2022.tu2.6 PB - Optica Publishing Group CY - Washington, D.C. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelbrecht, R. A1 - Rostan, K. A1 - Weiland, J. A1 - Luber, M. A1 - Schiebahn, A. A1 - Reisgen, U. T1 - Modal Distribution in Polymer Optical Fibers as Sensor for Load Monitoring in Semi-Structural Adhesive Bonds T2 - 27th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors N2 - PMMA polymer optical fibers embedded in semi-structural polyurethane adhesive bonds serve as economical load sensor for structural health monitoring by evaluating load-dependent optical transmission as well as modal distribution measured by a far-field camera. Scaling of sensor quantities by the sensitive fiber length is shown. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2022.w2.3 PB - Optica Publishing Group CY - Washington, D.C. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weiland, Josef A1 - Luber, Michael A1 - Rostan, Katharina A1 - Schiebahn, Alexander A1 - Engelbrecht, Rainer A1 - Reisgen, Uwe T1 - Strain Monitoring of a Structural Adhesive Bond by Embedding a Polymer Optical Fiber T2 - European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring , Vol I N2 - In recent decades, adhesive bonding technology has become increasingly important in all industrial sectors, for example in the aerospace industry, the automotive industry or the construction industry. This is accompanied by an increased need for monitoring of adhesive bonds, especially for load-bearing, structural joints. In order to detect a possible failure at an early stage, this work is investigating a cost-effective sensor principle based on embedding of a polymer optical fiber (POF) into the adhesive layer. The strain and stress behavior of the adhesive bond are transferred to the POF and change its light-guiding properties. In the presented work, different light coupling conditions into the fiber (full excitation and angle-selective excitation) and different measurable quantities of the transmitted light decoupled from the fiber (photocurrent and far-field) are studied, to find an optimum sensor performance. The combination of a structural polyurethane adhesive with commercially available POF is investigated. The results show a high potential of the method for simple photocurrent measurement (transmission loss of 8% by half of maximum load) and an even more sensitive sensor effect for mode-dependent light power measurement. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9783031072536 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07254-3_75 SN - 2366-2557 SP - 745 EP - 754 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kruglov, Roman A1 - Saur, Gregor A1 - Engelbrecht, Rainer T1 - Precise characterization of VCSEL in the 1550 nm band having a wavelength tuning range of 12 nm within 10 µs as light sources for fast sensor systems JF - Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems N2 - Abstract. A wavelength tuning range up to 12 nm has been achieved over 12 µs pump current pulses within a usable time of 10 µs applied to VCSELs operating in the near infrared around 1550 nm. The instantaneous optical frequency shift has been measured with an interferometric setup; the overall tuning range has then been verified with an optical spectrum analyzer. The repetition rate of the current pulses can be as high as 20 kHz with almost no influence on the sweep parameters. These results can be used for fast spectroscopic gas analysis or for rapid interferometric swept-source distance sensors. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-161-2022 SN - 2194-878X VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 161 EP - 169 PB - Copernicus GmbH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dengler, Simon A. A1 - Engelbrecht, Rainer A1 - Schmauss, Bernhard T1 - Absolute spectral backscatter measurements of large-core multimode PMMA polymer optical fibers JF - Optics Express N2 - To our knowledge, we are the first to measure the absolute value of the backscattering coefficient of a standard 1 mm core-diameter, multimode (MM) step-index (SI) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymer optical fiber (POF) for the spectral range of 450 nm to 700 nm. Our optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) setup consists of a femtosecond supercontinuum laser with an acousto-optical filter as a tunable light source with short pulses and a time-correlated single-photon counting system as a receiver with a high dynamic range. The backscattering coefficient is calculated from the ratio between the energy within the fiber end reflex and the distributed backscattering level. We also measured the spectral attenuation with our OTDR setup and compared it with a standardized measurement method. At the attenuation minima within the measured spectral range the backscattering level of a 1 ns pulse is about −46 dB at 520 nm, −48 dB at 570 nm, and −51 dB at 650 nm. We were also able to show by the observed wavelength dependence that Rayleigh scattering causes a majority of the scattering. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.437903 SN - 1094-4087 VL - 29 IS - 21 SP - 34629 EP - 34640 PB - Optica Publishing Group ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelbrecht, R. A1 - Dengler, S. A1 - Luber, M. A1 - Fischer, J. A1 - Hangen, H. T1 - SHM at Giant Mine Heaps by OTDR Sensing with Polymer Optical Fibers BT - Chances and Challenges from Field Campaigns T2 - Optical Fiber Sensors Conference 2020 Special Edition N2 - Results from field measurement campaigns for structural health monitoring (SHM) at giant mine heaps by optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) in polymer optical fibers (POF) are presented. Polymer geogrids built for soil reinforcement are fitted with POF for strain sensing as part of a geosynthetic sealing system designed to protect the heap from infiltration of surface water. Strain is detected by a local increase of backscatter. Measurements on eight sensor lines have been performed over a time period of six months to monitor the system behavior and potential development of or cracks within the underlying base of a sealing system. Results show the usability of this technology for strain sensing and SHM in such a harsh environment. Challenges still exist in the quantitative evaluation of the fiber sensor data due to cross sensitivity to fiber bending and lateral pressure. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2020.th4.7 PB - Optica Publishing Group CY - Washington, D.C. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dengler, S. A1 - Schmidt, N. A1 - Luber, M. A1 - Fischer, J. A1 - Ziemann, O. A1 - Engelbrecht, R. A1 - Hangen, H. T1 - B8.3 Influence of Temperature on Distributed Strain Sensing with OTDR in Polymer Optical Fibers T2 - SMSI 2021 - Sensors and Instrumentation N2 - Strain in ground and earthworks can be measured by polymer optical fibers (POF) applied to geotextiles. We measure the increase of backscatter (IOB) in the fiber under strain using optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR). The effect of temperature on this measurement principle is investigated. The local backscatter changes by 0.003 dB/K for common ambient temperature. In addition it is shown, that temperature depended viscoelastic properties of the polymer does affect IOB. KW - optical time domain reflectometry, structural health monitoring, strain sensing, geotextiles, polymer optical fib Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-9819376-4-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5162/smsi2021/b8.3 SP - 155 EP - 156 PB - AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelbrecht, R. A1 - Saur, G. A1 - Kruglov, R. T1 - B8.4 12 nm Spectral Shift with a VCSEL in the Near Infrared in a 10 µs Time Interval T2 - SMSI 2021 - Sensors and Instrumentation N2 - An optical wavelength tuning range up to 12 nm has been achieved within 10 μs, using VCSELs operating in the near infrared. The range has been measured with an interferometric setup and an optical spectrum analyzer respectively. Potentially, low-cost sensor systems based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy or coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry could be realized, achieving sub-mm two-point range resolution or even better single-point range precision within a few microseconds for a single measurement. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-9819376-4-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5162/smsi2021/b8.4 SP - 157 EP - 158 PB - AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiland, J. A1 - Luber, M. A1 - Seewald, R. A1 - Schiebahn, A. A1 - Engelbrecht, R. A1 - Reisgen, U. T1 - Structural Health Monitoring of Adhesively Bonded Joints: Proposing a new Method by use of Polymer Optical Fibers JF - Procedia Structural Integrity N2 - According to the current state of the art, adhesively bonded joints cannot be tested completely non-destructively. This is the main motivation to permanently monitor adhesively bonded joints in order to record their structural integrity and - as a result - to ensure safe load transmission. By the use of permanent non-destructive Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods, structural damages in the adhesive bond can be detected at an early stage. This paper presents a new method for monitoring the structural integrity of adhesively bonded joints by integrating a Polymer Optical Fiber (POF) into the adhesive layer. The sensor concept is based on a deformation transfer from the adhesive to the POF, which results in a change in the cross-sectional shape of the POF. The cross-sectional shape influences the optical light propagation in the POF, which can be detected by simple optical measuring devices. The paper describes the general principle and first results of investigations on a structural adhesive (3M Scotch-Weld DP 609). The sensor signal is in a good relation to the stress state of the adhesive layer. KW - adhesive bonding structural health monitoring polymer optical fiber single lap joint Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2020.11.106 SN - 2452-3216 VL - 28 SP - 1249 EP - 1257 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiland, J. A1 - Luber, M. A1 - Seewald, R. A1 - Schiebahn, A. A1 - Engelbrecht, R. A1 - Reisgen, U. T1 - Structural Health Monitoring of Adhesively Bonded Joints: Proposing a new Method by use of Polymer Optical Fibers JF - Procedia Structural Integrity N2 - According to the current state of the art, adhesively bonded joints cannot be tested completely non-destructively. This is the main motivation to permanently monitor adhesively bonded joints in order to record their structural integrity and - as a result - to ensure safe load transmission. By the us e of permanent non-destructive Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods, structural damages in the adhesive bond can be detected at an early stage. This paper presents a new method for monitoring the structural integrity of adhesively bonded joints by integrating a Polymer Optical Fiber (POF) into the adhesive layer. The sensor concept is based on a deformation transfer from the adhesive to the POF, which results in a change in the cross-sectional shape of the POF. The cross-sectional shape influences the optical light propagation in the POF, which can be detected by simple optical measuring devices. The paper describes the general principle and first results of investigations on a structural adhesive (3M Scotch-Weld DP 609). The sensor signal is in a good relation to the stress state of the adhesive layer. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2020.11.106 SN - 2452-3216 VL - 28 SP - 1249 EP - 1257 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rabenstein, L. A1 - Dietz, A. A1 - Kremser, A. A1 - Parspour, N. T1 - Semi-Analytical Calculation of a Laminated Transverse Flux Machine T2 - 2020 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) N2 - n this paper a semi-analytical calculation of a transverse flux machine is presented. First the design of the machine is explained, then the semi-analytical calculation, which is finally compared with a numerical 3D finite element analysis (FEA). The semi-analytical approach is based on a magnetic equivalent circuit, which is solved by nodal analysis and the Broyden-Method. The air gap of the machine is transformed into the magnetic equivalent circuit by conformal mapping using the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation. The comparison to numerical simulation shows that the approach gives good results and is sufficiently accurate for a rough design of the machine. KW - ransverse flux machine, passive rotor, magnetic equivalent circuit, conformal mapping, Schwarz- Christoffel transformation Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/icem49940.2020.9271065 SN - 2381-4802 SP - 721 EP - 727 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietz, Michael A1 - Werodin, Matthias A1 - Schmidt-Vollus, Ronald T1 - Semi-automatic Kinematization of 3D CAD Data Using a GRAFCET-Based Modeling Language T2 - Intelligent Sustainable Systems N2 - The concept of the digital twin (DT), which accompanies a plant or machine throughout its entire life cycle, has further reinforced the role of Virtual Commissioning (VC). Of decisive importance for the economically and technically sensible use of the DT is its creation as early as possible in the life cycle. In the field of mechanical engineering, therefore, the first digital artifacts of the DT should ideally already be created in parallel with the mechanical design phase. The first step is the kinematization of the CAD model. This paper presents a new method for the semi-automated kinematization of 3D CAD models. The method uses a verbal description of the motion sequence desired by the designer, based on DIN EN 60848 (GRAFCET) [2] and using elements from VDI Guideline 2860 (handling functions) [8]. The presented method is easy to use and self-describing to a large extent. It enables designers to define in their own domain, in parallel to their mechanical designs, the desired motion sequence of the machine they have designed in machine-readable form. The actual kinematization of the CAD model is performed automatically. At the end, the kinematized design is available in COLLADA format and can be imported via the import interfaces of common simulation tools and can therefore be used for the DT. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9789811976629 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7663-6_40 SN - 2367-3370 SP - 429 EP - 438 PB - Springer Nature Singapore CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kofer, Daniel A1 - Bergner, Christian A1 - Deuerlein, Christian A1 - Schmidt-Vollus, Ronald A1 - Heß, Peter T1 - Human–robot-collaboration: Innovative processes, from research to series standard JF - Procedia CIRP N2 - Sensitive robots are an innovative technology of tomorrow ´s production. The Human–Robot-Collaboration (HRC) with its variable combination of unique skills represents a future-oriented form of work. Yet, there is a lack of experience in process realization, safety requirements are often not given and economic efficiency is still missing. There are a lot of innovative process solutions in research but industrial conditions are less considered. In this work, the approaches for the realization of standardizable HRCs for assembly operations in the automotive sector will be outlined. The aim is to present simple ways from the idea to series production by considering permitted limits. Based on an industrial application, innovative collaborations are realized with only few hardware and software components. In this context, standard compliant safety is ensured through internal system features and adjusted component designs. Additionally, an approach for HRC safety through real-time monitoring of the endeffector area is presented. As an outlook there is a guideline for HRC realization. KW - Human–robot-collaboration Hybrid assembly Safe operation Ergonomics Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.09.185 SN - 2212-8271 VL - 97 SP - 98 EP - 103 PB - Elsevier BV ER -