TY - CHAP A1 - Schier, Michael A1 - Epple, Fabius A1 - Maaoui, Aicha A1 - Schwellinger, Martin A1 - Weber, Michael A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Zimmermann, Rolf T1 - Development of a Two In One Motor System as a new Vehicle Energy Concept for Next Generation Car T2 - 2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) KW - Air conditioning;Electric potential;Biological system modeling;Production;Automobiles;Next generation networking;Engines Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ever48776.2020.9243148 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gumpert, Fabian A1 - Vambolt, Eugen A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Fromme, Lars A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Lohbreier, Jan T1 - Physics-Informed Neural Networks to predict the Power Transmission of Electric Road Systems T2 - 2024 1st International Conference on Production Technologies and Systems for E-Mobility (EPTS) Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/EPTS61482.2024.10586741 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerstner, Michael A1 - Maerz, Martin A1 - Dietz, Armin T1 - Design of a Wide Input Voltage Range Current-Fed DC/DC Converter Within a Reduced Duty-Cycle Range T2 - 2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe) N2 - A design of a current-fed push-pull converter for wide input voltage ranges within a reduced duty-cycle range is presented. Based on the converter conversion ratios of three different clamping configurations, the potential of the input clamping is shown analytical, simulative and by measurements. A differentiation is made between the four possible operating modes, which can be distinguished in the control of the semiconductors and the magnetomotive force in the reactor. By optimizing the turn ratios of both transformers, the wide input voltage range capability of the input clamped current-fed push-pull converter was improved, which has been proved by measurements on a real prototype. KW - DC power supply ; Design ; Converter circuit ; Measurement ; Power Supply Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.23919/epe20ecceeurope43536.2020.9215825 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Broghammer, Lara A1 - Hufnagel, Dennis A1 - Schindler, Tobias A1 - Hoerner, Michael A1 - Karamanakos, Petros A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Reinforcement Learning Control of Six-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines T2 - 2023 13th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC) N2 - Control of multi-phase machines is a challenging topic due to the high number of controlled variables. Conventional control methods, such as field-oriented control (FOC), address this issue by introducing more control loops. This, however, increases the controller design complexity, while the tuning process can become cumbersome. To tackle the above, this paper proposes a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm based controller that fulfills all the control objectives in one computational stage. More specifically, the proposed approach aims to learn a suitable current control policy for six-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines to simplify the commissioning of the drive system. In doing so, physical limitations of the drive system can be accounted for, while the compensation of imbalances between the two three-phase subsystems is rendered possible. After validating the training results in a controller-in-the-loop environment, test bench measurements are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. As shown, favorable steady-state and dynamic performance is achieved that is comparable to that of FOC. Therefore, as indicated by the presented results, reinforcement learning-based control approaches for multi-phase machines is a promising research area. KW - Multi-phase machines KW - current control KW - permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) KW - power electronics KW - deep reinforcement learning KW - deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-7049-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/edpc60603.2023.10372153 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietz, Michael A1 - Meissner, Barbara A1 - Goppelt, Florian A1 - Schmidt-Vollus, Ronald T1 - On the Development of Virtual Labs Using Digital Twins and a Proposal for Didactic Optimization Using Design-Based Research T2 - 2021 Fifth World Conference on Smart Trends in Systems Security and Sustainability (WorldS4) N2 - In laboratory practicals (labs), students actively investigate technical and scientific phenomena and thus experience autonomy, competence, and social embedding, factors that promote motivation. However, labs mostly rely on highly structured and instructive concepts and often require costly equipment. Therefore, the research question in this paper is: How can learner-centered teaching methods and learning formats be improved by rethinking the digitization of lab practicals? Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/WorldS451998.2021.9514044 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerstner, Michael A1 - Maerz, Martin A1 - Dietz, Armin T1 - Review-based Selection Recommendation for Galvanically Isolated DC/DC Converters Designed For a Wide Input Voltage Range T2 - 2021 IEEE 19th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (PEMC) N2 - Depending on the application range, there are various recommendations in the literature which converter topology should be used. These are mostly based on experience or more or less deeper considerations. For DC/DC converters, which are operated over a wide input voltage range, such recommendations rarely exist. Therefore, this contribution shows the evolution of two input voltage dependent selection matrices, which should facilitate the selection of future topologies based on known publications and basic considerations. The focus here lies on converters for λ = V i_max /V i_min ≥ 3 with galvanic isolation. First, the data set is introduced, where a distinction is made between flyback converters, forward converters and other 1stage or 2stage converters before the evolution of the novel input voltage dependent matrices is carried out. These two matrices support the selection of a suitable topology and whether the energy transfer should be done by one or two stages. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/pemc48073.2021.9432537 SP - 167 EP - 172 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietz, Michael A1 - Werodin, Matthias A1 - Schmidt-Vollus, Ronald T1 - Semi-automatic Kinematization of 3D CAD Data Using a GRAFCET-Based Modeling Language T2 - Intelligent Sustainable Systems N2 - The concept of the digital twin (DT), which accompanies a plant or machine throughout its entire life cycle, has further reinforced the role of Virtual Commissioning (VC). Of decisive importance for the economically and technically sensible use of the DT is its creation as early as possible in the life cycle. In the field of mechanical engineering, therefore, the first digital artifacts of the DT should ideally already be created in parallel with the mechanical design phase. The first step is the kinematization of the CAD model. This paper presents a new method for the semi-automated kinematization of 3D CAD models. The method uses a verbal description of the motion sequence desired by the designer, based on DIN EN 60848 (GRAFCET) [2] and using elements from VDI Guideline 2860 (handling functions) [8]. The presented method is easy to use and self-describing to a large extent. It enables designers to define in their own domain, in parallel to their mechanical designs, the desired motion sequence of the machine they have designed in machine-readable form. The actual kinematization of the CAD model is performed automatically. At the end, the kinematized design is available in COLLADA format and can be imported via the import interfaces of common simulation tools and can therefore be used for the DT. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9789811976629 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7663-6_40 SN - 2367-3370 SP - 429 EP - 438 PB - Springer Nature Singapore CY - Singapore ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Wilfling, Timo A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Parspour, Nejila T1 - An overview of design and calculation of a synchronous-reluctance machine T2 - 2023 13th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC) N2 - Because of the absence of rare earth magnets, the reluctance synchronous machine has a more favourable sustainability balance compared to the permanent magnet synchronous machine with NdFeB magnets. Additional advantages include the absence of copper in the rotor and the ease of manufacture of the non modified rotor. A clear disadvantage of the reluctance synchronous machine is the relatively high torque ripple if no measures such as skewing are taken. Therefore, the machine is mainly used in applications such as fans where the torque ripple is not critical for the operation. The paper makes a contribution to addressing the problem of torque pulsation. For the reduction of torque harmonics, the usage of various rotor designs as well as asymmetric rotor geometry are presented. In addition, the aspect of torque harmonics, which is predicted by the finite element analysis is discussed and possibilities of torque ripple reduction for further investigations are shown. The description of a reluctance network of the machine is addressed with a semi-analytical approach for this purpose. Finally, the results of the preliminary calculation are validated by finite element analysis (FEA) and the quantities are verified with measurements on a device under test. The deviations between the methods are shown and discussed. KW - reluctance synchronous machine KW - semianalytical KW - reluctance network KW - torque ripple reduction KW - asymmetric rotor geometry Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-7049-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/edpc60603.2023.10372169 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerstner, Michael A1 - Maerz, Martin A1 - Dietz, Armin T1 - Reconfigurable Transformer for Wide Input Voltage Range DC/DC Converters T2 - 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia) N2 - A transformer with variable primary windings for wide input voltage range DC/DC converters is presented. This transformer structure allows three states of the primary winding to be converted by only two individual windings. Based on the evaluations of a two-switch flyback converter, the potential of DC/DC converters with variable structures, the implementation of such a transformer and the advantages and disadvantages are shown and discussed. Real measurement results demonstrate the noticeable increase in efficiency and the reduction in component stress, having a positive influence on the operation of the converter and the component selection during the design process. KW - DC/DC converter ; efficiency ; tapped transformer ; wide input voltage range Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ipemc-ecceasia48364.2020.9367869 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hoerner, Michael A1 - Wendel, Sebastian A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Karamanakos, Petros A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Variable Switching Point Predictive Current Control for Multi-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Drives T2 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (PRECEDE) N2 - Finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is a promising method for the control of multi-phase machines, due to its capability to directly account for nonlinearities and multiple controlled variables. To overcome the drawback of high current ripples and excitation of harmonic currents in the so-called xy-subsystem, several methods have been proposed in the literature so far. This paper proposes an MPC-based method that achieves high granularity of switching by not only switching at the discrete time steps, but also within the sampling interval. In doing so, the discussed algorithm, referred to as variable switching point current control (VSP 2 CC), produces low current distortions, while still keeping the advantages of conventional FCS-MPC, such as fast dynamic behavior during transients. To highlight the above, VSP 2 CC is applied to a six-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) and compared with conventional FCS-MPC and MPC that employs virtual voltage vectors (VV-MPC). KW - Model predictive control, FCS-MPC, VSP2CC, VV-MPC, multi-phase, PMS Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/precede51386.2021.9680920 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wilfling, Timo A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Dietz, Armin A1 - Möckel, Andreas T1 - Segmented exterior-rotor PMSM for increased torque density T2 - 2023 13th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC) N2 - Embedded permanent magnets are widely used for electrical machines with interior-rotor. This provides better protection of the magnets and enables the use of an additional reluctance torque for torque density improvements. For external rotors, the use of surface-mounted permanent magnets is common. The following paper analyses the application of inserted magnets at exterior-rotors with segmentation to achieve an increase in torque density.High pole electrical machines are often designed with a fractional-slot concentrated winding which leads to field harmonics. Therefore, an analytical method for qualitative comparison of different winding configurations for using reluctance torque with consideration of stator field harmonics is applied. Besides rotor saliency, the magnetic flux concentration is a positive effect of interior permanent magnets. Here, the flux leakage along mechanical necessary iron bridges is crucial. With the segmented rotor geometry, these iron bridges can be avoided for interior placed magnets. This allows a flux concentration for electrical machines with a high number of pole-pairs. The paper presents a simplified geometry-based approach to describe these improvements. The method is validated with a finite element analysis (FEA) and a prototype with a segmented rotor is built. KW - PMSM KW - V-PMSM KW - IPM KW - exterior-rotor KW - segmented rotor Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-7049-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/edpc60603.2023.10372162 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietz, Michael A1 - Sippl, Johannes A1 - Schmidt-Vollus, Ronald T1 - Concept for an interoperable behavior library for virtual commissioning using PLCopenXML T2 - 2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) N2 - A shorter product life cycle and therefore, reduced project duration is the major success factor for machinery and plant engineering today. One use case for Virtual Commission- ing (VC) is the early software test without an existing plant. The primary effort of VC lies in the manual creation of the plant model. There are various simulation tools with different advantages available. Selecting one tool has consequences for the whole engineering process. The exchange of models across different tools is not possible or discouraged by the respective vendors due to various reasons. This paper describes a concept to exchange behavior models via the table-based import interfaces for an automated model generation within common simulation tools. The concept utilizes an approach to exchange the behavior of components using the vendor-neutral and standardized pro- gramming language PLCopenXML containing all IEC 61131-3 programming languages. This removes the main obstacle for a broader industrial application of VC, as it minimizes the manual effort for creating and exchanging behavior models through the use of standardized library elements and existing interfaces. KW - PLCopen Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-72810-302-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869070 SP - 1433 EP - 1436 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietz, Michael A1 - Meissner, Barbara A1 - Schmidt-Vollus, Ronald ED - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE T1 - Teaching Digitalization and Systems Modelingfor Virtual Commissioning Using Virtual Labs T2 - 2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) Proceedings N2 - The new seminar "Digital Twins for Virtual Commissioning of Production Machines" follows a technical approach that uses virtualization and offers the possibility to pursue an uncommon teaching method called problem-based learning (PBL). The seminar is divided into two parts, with fundamental theoretical knowledge in automation technology and systems modeling provided first. In the second part, the students use the dedicated software environment to edit projects on their own, and at this point the PBL approach is used. This method enables students to self-organize their learning process and take an active part in the seminar. The idea for the seminar and virtual teaching lab evolved from the industrial use case of testing software for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) without the real machine, using virtual commissioning (VC). The primary effort of VC lies in the manual creation of a digital representation of each mechatronic component providing the same behavior seen from PLC perspective. Students are taught to do this, create the so-called digital twin (DT). KW - virtual lab KW - digitalization KW - teaching Y1 - 2020 UR - 10.1109/ISIE45063.2020.9152258 ER -