TY - JOUR A1 - Axenie, Cristian A1 - López-Corona, Oliver A1 - Makridis, Michail A. A1 - Akbarzadeh, Meisam A1 - Saveriano, Matteo A1 - Stancu, Alexandru A1 - West, Jeffrey T1 - Antifragility in complex dynamical systems JF - npj Complexity N2 - Antifragility characterizes the benefit of a dynamical system derived from the variability in environmental perturbations. Antifragility carries a precise definition that quantifies a system’s output response to input variability. Systems may respond poorly to perturbations (fragile) or benefit from perturbations (antifragile). In this manuscript, we review a range of applications of antifragility theory in technical systems (e.g., traffic control, robotics) and natural systems (e.g., cancer therapy, antibiotics). While there is a broad overlap in methods used to quantify and apply antifragility across disciplines, there is a need for precisely defining the scales at which antifragility operates. Thus, we provide a brief general introduction to the properties of antifragility in applied systems and review relevant literature for both natural and technical systems’ antifragility. We frame this review within three scales common to technical systems: intrinsic (input–output nonlinearity), inherited (extrinsic environmental signals), and induced (feedback control), with associated counterparts in biological systems: ecological (homogeneous systems), evolutionary (heterogeneous systems), and interventional (control). We use the common noun in designing systems that exhibit antifragile behavior across scales and guide the reader along the spectrum of fragility–adaptiveness–resilience–robustness–antifragility, the principles behind it, and its practical implications. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s44260-024-00014-y SN - 2731-8753 VL - 1 IS - 1 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Axenie, Cristian A1 - Akbarzadeh, Meisam A1 - Makridis, Michail A. A1 - Saveriano, Matteo A1 - Stancu, Alexandru T1 - Applied Antifragility in Technical Systems BT - From Principles to Applications N2 - The book purpose is to build a foundational knowledge base by applying antifragile system design, analysis, and development in technical systems, with a focus on traffic engineering, robotics, and control engineering. The authors are interested in formalizing principles and an apparatus that turns the basic concept of antifragility into a tool for designing and building closed-loop technical systems that behave beyond robust in the face of uncertainty. As coined in the book of Nassim Taleb, antifragility is a property of a system to gain from uncertainty, randomness, and volatility, opposite to what fragility would incur. An antifragile system’s response to external perturbations is beyond robust, such that small stressors can strengthen the future response of the system by adding a strong anticipation component. The work of the Applied Antifragility Group in traffic control and robotics, led by the authors, provides a good overview on the current research status. T2 - with a foreword from Nassim Taleb Y1 - 2025 SN - 9783031904240 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90425-7 SN - 2191-5768 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland CY - Cham ER -