TY - JOUR A1 - Axenie, Cristian A1 - López-Corona, Oliver A1 - Makridis, Michail A. A1 - Akbarzadeh, Meisam A1 - Saveriano, Matteo A1 - Stancu, Alexandru A1 - West, Jeffrey T1 - Antifragility in complex dynamical systems JF - npj Complexity N2 - Antifragility characterizes the benefit of a dynamical system derived from the variability in environmental perturbations. Antifragility carries a precise definition that quantifies a system’s output response to input variability. Systems may respond poorly to perturbations (fragile) or benefit from perturbations (antifragile). In this manuscript, we review a range of applications of antifragility theory in technical systems (e.g., traffic control, robotics) and natural systems (e.g., cancer therapy, antibiotics). While there is a broad overlap in methods used to quantify and apply antifragility across disciplines, there is a need for precisely defining the scales at which antifragility operates. Thus, we provide a brief general introduction to the properties of antifragility in applied systems and review relevant literature for both natural and technical systems’ antifragility. We frame this review within three scales common to technical systems: intrinsic (input–output nonlinearity), inherited (extrinsic environmental signals), and induced (feedback control), with associated counterparts in biological systems: ecological (homogeneous systems), evolutionary (heterogeneous systems), and interventional (control). We use the common noun in designing systems that exhibit antifragile behavior across scales and guide the reader along the spectrum of fragility–adaptiveness–resilience–robustness–antifragility, the principles behind it, and its practical implications. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s44260-024-00014-y SN - 2731-8753 VL - 1 IS - 1 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Axenie, Cristian A1 - Bauer, Roman A1 - López Corona, Oliver A1 - West, Jeffrey T1 - Applied Antifragility in Natural Systems BT - From Principles to Applications N2 - As coined in the book of Nassim Taleb, antifragility is a property of a system to gain from uncertainty, randomness, and volatility, opposite to what fragility would incur. An antifragile system’s response to external perturbations is beyond robust, such that small stressors can strengthen the future response of the system by adding a strong anticipation component. Such principles are already well suited for describing behaviors in natural systems but also in approaching therapy designs and eco-system modelling and eco-system analysis. The purpose of this book is to build a foundational knowledge base by applying antifragile system design, analysis, and development in natural systems, including biomedicine, neuroscience, and ecology as main fields. We are interested in formalizing principles and an apparatus that turns the basic concept of antifragility into a tool for designing and building closed-loop systems that behave beyond robust in the face of uncertainty when characterizing and intervening in biomedical and ecological (eco)systems. The book introduces the framework of applied antifragility and possible paths to build systems that gain from uncertainty. We draw from the body of literature on natural systems (e.g. cancer therapy, antibiotics, neuroscience, and agricultural pest management) in an attempt to unify the scales of antifragility in one framework. The work of the Applied Antifragility Group in oncology, neuroscience, and ecology led by the authors provides a good overview on the current research status. T2 - with a foreword from Nassim Taleb Y1 - 2025 SN - 9783031903908 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90391-5 SN - 2191-5768 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland CY - Cham ER -