TY - CHAP A1 - Dalferth, Jasmin A1 - Winkelmann, Sven A1 - Schwenker, Friedhelm T1 - Using Mask R-CNN for Image-Based Wear Classification of Solid Carbide Milling and Drilling Tools T2 - Artificial Neural Networks in Pattern Recognition N2 - In order to ensure high productivity and quality in industrial production, early identification of tool wear is needed. Within the context of Industry 4.0, we integrate wear monitoring of solid carbide milling and drilling cutters automatically into the production process. Therefore, we propose to analyze wear types with image instance segmentation using Mask R-CNN with feature pyramid and bounding box regression. Our approach is able to recognize the five most important wear types: flank wear, crater wear, fracture, built-up edge and plastic deformation. While other methods use image classification and classify only one wear type for each image, our model is able to detect multiple wear types. Over 35 models with different hyperparameter settings were trained on 5,000 labeled images to establish a reliable classifier. The results show up to 82.03% accuracy and benefit for overlapping wear types, which is crucial for using the model in production. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9783030583088 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58309-5_18 SN - 0302-9743 SP - 223 EP - 234 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dong, Yuchan A1 - Duchesne, Paul A1 - Mohan, Abhinav A1 - Ghuman, Kulbir Kaur A1 - Kant, Paul A1 - Hurtado, Lourdes A1 - Ulmer, Ulrich A1 - Loh, Joel Y. Y. A1 - Tountas, Athanasios A. A1 - Wang, Lu A1 - Ali, Feysal M. A1 - Xia, Meikun A1 - Dittmeyer, Roland A1 - Ozin, Geoffrey A. T1 - Shining light on CO2: from materials discovery to photocatalyst, photoreactor and process engineering JF - Chemical Society Reviews N2 - Heterogeneous catalysis, a process in which the reaction of gaseous or liquid chemical reagents is facilitated at the surface of a solid material, is responsible for the majority of industrial-scale chemical and fuel production reactions. The energy required to drive these reactions has historically been derived from the combustion of non-renewable fossil fuels and carries an unavoidably large carbon footprint. More recently, the development of environmentally responsible and sustainable chemical industries is increasingly motivated by greenhouse gas-induced climate change, thus creating demand for eco-friendly heterogeneous catalytic processes. This includes innovative approaches enabled by renewable forms of energy, such as the electrification of chemical and petrochemical processes, utilization of CO2 as a feedstock and the incorporation of light into catalytic reactions. Herein we review the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy using CO2, and describe how the photophysical and photochemical properties of nanostructured metal oxide photocatalysts have been engineered to efficiently incorporate light into heterogeneous gas–solid CO2 hydrogenation reactions. Realizing high photonic and energy efficiencies in these systems has demanded innovation in not only photocatalyst engineering, but also photoreactor and process engineering. Rather than exclusively providing an in-depth discussion of the chemistry and science within each individual study, this Tutorial Review highlights the multidisciplinary character of photocatalysis studies by covering the four essential components of a typical research work in this field (materials engineering, theoretical modelling, reactor engineering and process development) via case studies of the archetypal indium oxide catalyst materials. Through advances in these four components, progress has been made towards the ultimate goal of industrializing the production of CO2-derived chemicals and fuels. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CS00597E SN - 0306-0012 VL - 49 IS - 16 SP - 5648 EP - 5663 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohan, Abhinav A1 - Ulmer, Ulrich A1 - Hurtado, Lourdes A1 - Loh, Joel A1 - Li, Young Feng A1 - Tountas, Athanasios A. A1 - Krevert, Carola A1 - Chan, Chakyu A1 - Liang, Yilei A1 - Brodersen, Peter A1 - Sain, Mohini M. A1 - Ozin, Geoffrey A. T1 - Hybrid Photo- and Thermal Catalyst System for Continuous CO2 Reduction JF - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces N2 - Heterogeneous thermal catalytic processes are vital for industrial production of fuels, fertilizers, and other chemicals necessary for sustaining human life. However, these processes are highly energy-intensive, requiring a vast consumption of fossil fuels. An emerging class of heterogeneous catalysts that are thermally driven but also exhibit a photochemically enhanced rate can potentially reduce process energy intensity by partially substituting conventional heat (where fossil fuels are needed) with solar energy. Such catalyst systems have yet to be practically utilized. Here, we demonstrate a compact electrically heated photo- and thermal annular reactor module to reduce CO2 to CO, via the reverse water gas shift reaction. A first-principles-based design approach was taken in developing a SiO2 on an Al photo- and thermal catalyst system for the model photo- and thermal indium oxide hydroxide (In2O3–x(OH)y) catalysts. A 5-fold light enhancement in the CO production rate and over 70 h of stable CO production were achieved. This represents the highest light enhancement effect reported for this model photocatalyst to date. The reactor presented herein allows continuous operation and a significant reduction of 31% in heater power consumption when provided with an additional 2 suns of irradiation, demonstrating the strong photo- and thermal-harvesting performances of the catalyst system developed in this work. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c06232 SN - 1944-8244 VL - 12 IS - 30 SP - 33613 EP - 33620 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Voit, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Alexander A1 - Kriegbaum, Mathias T1 - Towards an Empirically Based Gamification Pattern Language using Machine Learning Techniques N2 - The ineffectiveness of many gamification projects can be attributed to wrong decisions made during the conceptual design phase, especially in the selection of game design elements. This paper introduces a data driven method of creating a gamification pattern language similar to software design patterns to help gamification designers select such elements. Thanks to modern machine learning technologies such a pattern language can be based on a comprehensive empirical analysis to assess the actual use of game design elements in games. This paper is the first report on an ongoing research project that has been carried out since the beginning of 2017 in cooperation with the German Games Archive to extract game design elements from more than 30,000 board games using machine learning techniques. Initial tests based on support vector classification and 4,000 games show that game design elements can be reliably identified with accuracy rates between 80 and 90%. KW - Gamification, Game Design, Pattern Language, Machine Learning Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/cseet49119.2020.9206223 SN - 2377-570X PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guo, Jiuli A1 - Duchesne, Paul N. A1 - Wang, Lu A1 - Song, Rui A1 - Xia, Meikun A1 - Ulmer, Ulrich A1 - Sun, Wei A1 - Dong, Yuchan A1 - Loh, Joel Y. Y. A1 - Kherani, Nazir P. A1 - Du, Jimin A1 - Zhu, Baolin A1 - Huang, Weiping A1 - Zhang, Shoumin A1 - Ozin, Geoffrey A. T1 - High-Performance, Scalable, and Low-Cost Copper Hydroxyapatite for Photothermal CO2 Reduction JF - ACS Catalysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03806 SN - 2155-5435 VL - 10 IS - 22 SP - 13668 EP - 13681 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eisenlauer, Moritz A1 - Teipel, Ulrich T1 - Comminution of Wood – Influence of Process Parameters JF - Chemical Engineering & Technology N2 - An essential element for sustainable use of renewable resources is an efficient comminution process for which the relation between energy input and size reduction is of great importance. Fine comminution of beech, oak, and spruce wood chips in cutting and hammer mills at different moisture content levels is investigated. The influence of the different process parameters as well as the size reduction performed by the hammer and cutting mill on the specific comminution energy is reported and the particulate properties of the comminution products are reported. Considering the energy requirements, functional relations were derived from the experimental results, which describe the relation between comminution energy and size reduction. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201900488 SN - 0930-7516 VL - 43 IS - 5 SP - 838 EP - 847 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teipel, Ulrich T1 - Aufbereitung von Sekundärrohstoffen der Bau- und Keramikindustrie JF - Keramische Zeitschrift Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42410-020-0130-3 SN - 0023-0561 VL - 72 IS - 3 SP - 36 EP - 42 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dresel, Alexander A1 - Teipel, Ulrich T1 - Jet Dispersion of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Correlation with Suspension Rheology JF - Chemical Engineering & Technology N2 - A novel jet dispersion technique was developed and investigated which enabled excellent carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion by high exfoliation at even very low pressure drops. Suitable procedures were developed for the characterization of agglomerate size and fraction of individual CNTs. The appropriate characterization enabled the definition of a dimensionless dispersing parameter and the development of a kinetic model that describes CNT dispersion in dependence of the volumetric energy input. The rheological behavior of CNT suspensions in steady‐shear flows was investigated and demonstrated how the agglomerate fracture and CNT individualization influence the suspension viscosity. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201900534 SN - 0930-7516 VL - 43 IS - 5 SP - 869 EP - 878 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chairopoulou, Makrina A. A1 - Kratzer, Fabian A1 - Groß, Roland A1 - Herrmann, Michael A1 - Teipel, Ulrich T1 - Influence of the Temperature on Coccolith‐Containing Systems from Emiliania huxleyi Cultivations JF - Chemical Engineering & Technology N2 - Thermogravimetric analysis of a coccolith‐containing biogenic broth showed a three‐step degradation process. According to this system behavior, the biogenic broth was heated to specific temperatures and characterized in terms of its morphology, surface chemistry, and crystallinity. The elemental and organic composition of the treated samples was also evaluated and compared to the reference material. The presented results were acquired in an effort to exploit pretreatment scenarios for such a biogenic system that would improve and support a separation process. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201900507 SN - 0930-7516 VL - 43 IS - 5 SP - 904 EP - 912 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seiler, Elisa A1 - Urban, Helfried A1 - Teipel, Ulrich T1 - Mikrowellenpyrolyse von carbonfaserhaltigen Kunststoffen als Recyclingoption JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - Herausforderungen bei der Etablierung einer Circular Economy von carbonfaservertärkten Kunststoffen (CFK) ergeben sich insbesondere durch die nötige, jedoch problematische Trennung des Faser‐Matrix‐Verbunds. Das Pyrolyseverfahren stellt eine mögliche, bereits industriell umgesetzte, Technologie zur Verbundtrennung dar. Eine Weiterentwicklung ist die mikrowellenunterstütze Pyrolyse, bei der das CFK‐Material durch die Mikrowellen aufgeheizt und so die Faser freigelegt wird. Prozessgrundlagen und Einflüsse auf die Faser‐Matrix‐Trennung werden im vorliegenden Beitrag betrachtet. T2 - Microwave Pyrolysis of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics as Recycling Option Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201900133 SN - 0009-286X VL - 92 IS - 4 SP - 469 EP - 475 PB - Wiley ER -