3025 2024 2024 eng 115 118 4 4 10 article de Gruyter 1 -- -- -- High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive treatment technique to induce thermal or mechanical bioeffects. Characterising the wave field is essential for reliable and reproducible transducer operation in clinical use. This paper presents a schlieren technique to visualise and quantify transducer wave fields. The technique is based on the piezo-optical effect of water, i.e. the refractive index variation caused by sound pressure. Our custom-built system equipped with a Raspberry Pi HQ camera can capture schlieren photographs of acoustic fields generated by a clinical HIFU system. Alternatively, a high-speed camera allows analysis of short burst pulses. We investigated the focal zone shape of continuously generated HIFU fields at acoustic powers of 10- 250 W. Images of the focal area at 100 W indicated dimensions comparable to the reported literature values. Notably, as power increases, we observe waveform distortion in the focal zone due to nonlinear propagation of ultrasound. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of our system in visualizing and characterizing the acoustic fields generated by a clinical HIFU device. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2364-5504 10.1515/cdbme-2024-2028 true {"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T05:20:21Z","timestamp":1734758421056,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n <jats:p>High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive treatment technique to induce thermal or mechanical bioeffects. Characterising the wave field is essential for reliable and reproducible transducer operation in clinical use. This paper presents a schlieren technique to visualise and quantify transducer wave fields. The technique is based on the piezo-optical effect of water, i.e. the refractive index variation caused by sound pressure. Our custom-built system equipped with a Raspberry Pi HQ camera can capture schlieren photographs of acoustic fields generated by a clinical HIFU system. Alternatively, a high-speed camera allows analysis of short burst pulses. We investigated the focal zone shape of continuously generated HIFU fields at acoustic powers of 10- 250 W. Images of the focal area at 100 W indicated dimensions comparable to the reported literature values. Notably, as power increases, we observe waveform distortion in the focal zone due to nonlinear propagation of ultrasound. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of our system in visualizing and characterizing the acoustic fields generated by a clinical HIFU device.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cdbme-2024-2028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T08:37:18Z","timestamp":1734511038000},"page":"115-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Custom-Built Piezo-Optical System for Visualization and Characterization of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Brecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kerpener Str. 62, Cologne , Germany"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Steinmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Physics and Humanities, Technische Hochschule N\u00fcrnberg, Nuremberg , Germany"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg-Bernd","family":"Bonekamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soluxx GmbH, Cologne , Germany"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Partanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Profound Medical, Mississauga, Ontario , Canada"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Gr\u00fcll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cologne , Germany"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Lindemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cologne , Germany"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"container-title":["Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cdbme-2024-2028\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cdbme-2024-2028\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T19:12:03Z","timestamp":1734721923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cdbme-2024-2028\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/cdbme-2024-2028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cdbme-2024-2028","relation":{},"ISSN":["2364-5504"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2364-5504"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}}} journal-article http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 crossref PersonAuthorFirstName_1,PersonAuthorLastName_1,PersonAuthorFirstName_2,PersonAuthorLastName_2,PersonAuthorFirstName_3,PersonAuthorLastName_3,PersonAuthorFirstName_4,PersonAuthorLastName_4,PersonAuthorFirstName_5,PersonAuthorLastName_5,PersonAuthorFirstName_6,PersonAuthorLastName_6,PublisherName,TitleMain_1,Language,TitleAbstract_1,TitleParent_1,PageNumber,PageFirst,PageLast,Issue,Volume,CompletedYear,IdentifierIssn,Enrichmentlocal_crossrefLicence doi-import false false Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International Luisa Brecht Florian Steinmeyer Jörg-Bernd Bonekamp Ari Partanen Holger Grüll Johannes Lindemeyer Fakultät Angewandte Mathematik, Physik und Allgemeinwissenschaften Gesundheit