<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>2133</id>
    <completedYear>2022</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>11</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>185</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier BV</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2022-06-27</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Effects of axial grinding media distribution on the disc wear behavior of a stirred media mill</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Stirred media mills are commonly used process units for wet fine grinding and dispersing. During operation the grinding media and the feed material can cause wear to the process units of the stirred media mill. One typical representative of horizontal stirred media mills is the IsaMillTM, in which an internal classifier diverts the grinding media away from the discharge and implies a counteracting current force to the drag forces caused by the suspension flow. In this work, the disc wear of a pilot scale horizontal mill was investigated with regard to the axial grinding media distribution and other process parameters. In order to create quickly and well visible disc wear patterns, manufactured aluminum discs instead of the original polyurethane discs were specially used. For each set of operating parameters, a separate new pair of discs was installed. A radiometric densitometer was installed to measure the axial grinding media filling degree lengthwise to the M4 IsaMillTM. This method allows the determination of the local filling degree by correlation of the attenuation of gamma radiation from a Cs137 nuclide. The experiments showed that the disc wear per energy input increases with rising stress energy. With respect to the axial grinding media distribution, higher wear rates were observed in areas of increased grinding media filling ratios. As a result, it can be stated that the wear is a function of the local grinding media distribution and of the stress energy. In zones with a higher local grinding media filling degree, an increased disc wear is evident. Consequently, mills on a production scale could theoretically realize longer plant operating times and lower maintenance costs by securing a more homogeneous grinding media distribution.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Minerals Engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0892-6875</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107702</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus_import_data">{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T07:16:38Z","timestamp":1721891798454},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Minerals Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T17:28:50Z","timestamp":1656350930000},"page":"107702","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of axial grinding media distribution on the disc wear behavior of a stirred media mill"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Sterling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Schons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Breitung-Faes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Kwade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0005","unstructured":"Anderson, G S., McDonald, N.W., 2016. IsaMillsTM at KCGM \u2013 from the M3000 to the M10000 and Replacement oft he Gidji Roasters at the Gidji Processing Plant. Ausimm mill operators conference, 2016 (13)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0010","first-page":"15","article-title":"The development of ultra-fine grinding at Anglo Platinum","volume":"107","author":"Anymadu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Southern Afr. Inst. Min. Metall."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(94)06542-X","article-title":"Effect of particle tangential velocity on erosion ripple formation","volume":"184","author":"Ballout","year":"1995","journal-title":"Wear"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-5910(99)00161-8","article-title":"Comminution of ceramics in stirred media mills and wear of grinding beads","volume":"105","author":"Becker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-7516(00)00037-5","article-title":"Stress intensity in stirred media mills and its effect on specific energy requirement","volume":"61","author":"Becker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Miner. Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(80)90201-X","article-title":"A theory of abrasive wear based on shear effects in metal surfaces Author links open overlay panel","volume":"59","author":"Beckmann","year":"1980","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2015.05.063","article-title":"Analysis and modelling of bead contacts in wet-operating stirred media and planetary ball mills with CFD\u2013DEM simulations","volume":"134","author":"Beinert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(63)90003-6","article-title":"A Study of erosion phenomena part 1","volume":"6","author":"Bitter","year":"1962","journal-title":"Wear"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(63)90073-5","article-title":"A Study of erosion phenomena part 2","volume":"6","author":"Bitter","year":"1962","journal-title":"Wear"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2020.12.022","article-title":"Experimental assessment of grinding bead velocity distributions and stressing conditions in stirred media mills","volume":"32","author":"B\u00f6ttcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breitung-Faes, S., Mill, K.A., 2019. material, and process parameters \u2013 A mechanistic model for the set-up of wet-stirred media milling processes. Adv. Powder Technol., 30 (8), 1425\u20131433. doi:10.1016\/j.apt.2019.04.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2019.04.013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0060","unstructured":"Burford, B.D., Niva, E., 2008. Comparing energy efficiency in grinding mills. Metallurgical plant design and operating strategies."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2015.04.005","article-title":"Computational prediction of performance for a full scale Isamill: Part 1 \u2013 Media motion and energy utilisation in a dry mill","volume":"79","author":"Cleary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2013.10.020","article-title":"Mine operating costs and the potential impacts of energy and grinding","volume":"56","author":"Curry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0075","unstructured":"Czichos, H., 1983. Importance of properties of solids to friction and wear behaviour. Tribology in the 80\u0301s, 1983 (1), 70\u2013106."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0080","unstructured":"Engel, P.A., 1978. Impact wear of materials, 2nd edn., Tribology series 2, 1978, Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co, Amsterdam, New York, New York."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3390\/min11040397","article-title":"Industrial Vertical Stirred Mills Screw Liner Wear Profile Compared to Discrete Element Method Simulations","volume":"11","author":"Esteves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(60)90055-7","article-title":"Erosion of surfaces by solid particles","volume":"3","author":"Finnie","year":"1960","journal-title":"Wear"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3390\/min11020185","article-title":"Grinding Media Motion and Collisions in Different Zones of Stirred Media Mills","volume":"11","author":"Fragni\u00e8re","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0100","unstructured":"Gross, K.J., 1988. Erosion (Strahlverschlei\u00df) als Folge der dynamischen Werkstoffreaktion beim Sto\u00df."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0105","unstructured":"Jankovic, A., Valery, W., La Rosa, D., 2001. Fine Grinding in the Australian Mining Industry. Metso Minerals Process Technology Australia and Asia-Pacific."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6349","DOI":"10.1021\/ie060474s","article-title":"Discrete Particle Simulation of Particle Flow in the IsaMill Process","volume":"45","author":"Jayasundara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2007.04.001","article-title":"Discrete particle simulation of particle flow in IsaMill\u2014Effect of grinding medium properties","volume":"135","author":"Jayasundara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2011.08.011","article-title":"Prediction of the disc wear in a model IsaMill and its effect on the flow of grinding media","volume":"24","author":"Jayasundara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.minpro.2010.07.006","article-title":"Effects of disc rotation speed and media loading on particle flow and grinding performance in a horizontal stirred mill","volume":"96","author":"Jayasundara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Miner. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0130","unstructured":"Joost, B., Zerkleinerung von Schmelzkorund und Mahlk\u00f6rperverschleiss in R\u00fchrwerkskugelm\u00fchlen. Zugl.: Braunschweig, Techn. Univ., Diss., 1994, Berichte aus der Verfahrenstechnik, 1995, Shaker, Aachen."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/ceat.200390029","article-title":"A Stressing Model for the Description and Optimization of Grinding Processes","volume":"26","author":"Kwade","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.minpro.2004.07.027","article-title":"Mill selection and process optimization using a physical grinding model","volume":"74","author":"Kwade","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Miner. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwade, A., Schwedes, J., 2007. Chapter 6 Wet Grinding in Stirred Media Mills. In Particle Breakage, vol. 12. Elsevier, pp. 251\u2013382.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-3785(07)12009-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0150","unstructured":"Littman, W.E., 1970. The mechanisms of contact fatigue, 1970."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marx, W., 1983. Berechnung der Form\u00e4nderung von Profilen infolge Strahlverschlei\u00df.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-47935-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2016.08.013","article-title":"Understanding the effect of pressure profile on stirred mill impeller wear","volume":"103\u2013104","author":"Radziszewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2021.01.071","article-title":"Application of hydrodynamic lubrication in discrete element method (DEM) simulations of wet bead milling chambers","volume":"384","author":"Ramon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0170","unstructured":"Rule, C., De Waal, H., 2011. IsaMill\u2122 Design Improvements and Operational Performance at Anglo Platinum. Metallurgical plant design and operating strategies."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2018.09.021","article-title":"Determination of the axial grinding media distribution in the IsaMill using radiometric densitometry","volume":"130","author":"Schons","year":"2019","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0180","unstructured":"Stender, H.-H., 2002. Einflu\u00df von Gr\u00f6\u00dfe und Bauart auf die Zerkleinerung in R\u00fchrwerkskugelm\u00fchlen. Zugl.: Braunschweig, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2002, 1st edn., 2002, Cuvillier, G\u00f6ttingen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stender, H.-H., Kwade, A., Schwedes, J., 2004. [Duplikat] Stress energy distribution in different stirred media mill geometries. Int. J. Mineral Process., 74, S103-S117. doi:10.1016\/j.minpro.2004.07.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.minpro.2004.07.003"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(96)06928-1","article-title":"Erosion ripple formation mechanism in aluminum and aluminum alloys","volume":"196","author":"Talia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0200","unstructured":"Theuerkauf, J., 2000. Numerische und experimentelle Untersuchungen von Fluid- und Mahlk\u00f6rperbewegungen in R\u00fchrwerkskugelm\u00fchlen. Zugl.: Braunschweig, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2000, Cuvillier, G\u00f6ttingen."},{"issue":"1\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2007.01.090","article-title":"A new impact erosion testing setup through Coriolis approach","volume":"263","author":"Tian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0210","unstructured":"Wahl H., 1951. Verschlei\u00dfprobleme im Braunkohlenbergbau. Braunkohle 3, W\u00e4rme und Energie, 1951."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0215","unstructured":"Wahl, H. (ed.), Strahlverschleiss Zusammenfassende Darstellung heutiger Erkenntnisse u. prakt. Abwehrmethoden, 1946, Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0220","unstructured":"Wellinger K., U.H., Gleitverschlei\u00df, Sp\u00fclverschlei\u00df, Stahlverschlei\u00df unter der Wirkung von k\u00f6rnigen Stoffen, 1955."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702_b0225","unstructured":"Wuttke, W., 1986. Tribophysik: Reibung und Verschlei\u00df von Metallen, 1986."}],"container-title":["Minerals Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892687522003120?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892687522003120?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T13:26:24Z","timestamp":1713792384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0892687522003120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0892687522003120"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702","relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-6875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-6875","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of axial grinding media distribution on the disc wear behavior of a stirred media mill","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Minerals Engineering","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107702","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107702"}}</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefLicence">https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_import_origin">crossref</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_doiImportPopulated">PersonAuthorFirstName_1,PersonAuthorLastName_1,PersonAuthorFirstName_2,PersonAuthorLastName_2,PersonAuthorFirstName_3,PersonAuthorLastName_3,PersonAuthorFirstName_4,PersonAuthorLastName_4,PublisherName,TitleMain_1,Language,TitleParent_1,ArticleNumber,Volume,CompletedYear,IdentifierIssn,Enrichmentlocal_crossrefLicence</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <author>David Sterling</author>
    <author>Didier Schons</author>
    <author>Sandra Breitung-Faes</author>
    <author>Arno Kwade</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Disc and stirrer wear</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stirred media mill</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Axial grinding media filling degree</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Radiometric density measurement</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fakultät Verfahrenstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="Forschungsschwerpunkt" number="2">Materialien &amp; Produktionstechnik</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
