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    <title language="eng">On the Development of Virtual Labs Using Digital Twins and a Proposal for Didactic Optimization Using Design-Based Research</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In laboratory practicals (labs), students actively investigate technical and scientific phenomena and thus experience autonomy, competence, and social embedding, factors that promote motivation. However, labs mostly rely on highly structured and instructive concepts and often require costly equipment. Therefore, the research question in this paper is: How can learner-centered teaching methods and learning formats be improved by rethinking the digitization of lab practicals?</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">2021 Fifth World Conference on Smart Trends in Systems Security and Sustainability (WorldS4)</parentTitle>
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    <author>Michael Dietz</author>
    <author>Barbara Meissner</author>
    <author>Florian Goppelt</author>
    <author>Ronald Schmidt-Vollus</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fakultät für Elektrotechnik Feinwerktechnik Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fakultät Maschinenbau und Versorgungstechnik</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>2005</id>
    <completedYear>2023</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
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    <pageFirst>429</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>438</pageLast>
    <pageNumber>10</pageNumber>
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    <publisherName>Springer Nature Singapore</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Singapore</publisherPlace>
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    <title language="eng">Semi-automatic Kinematization of 3D CAD Data Using a GRAFCET-Based Modeling Language</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The concept of the digital twin (DT), which accompanies a plant or machine throughout its entire life cycle, has further reinforced the role of Virtual Commissioning (VC). Of decisive importance for the economically and technically sensible use of the DT is its creation as early as possible in the life cycle. In the field of mechanical engineering, therefore, the first digital artifacts of the DT should ideally already be created in parallel with the mechanical design phase. The first step is the kinematization of the CAD model. This paper presents a new method for the semi-automated kinematization of 3D CAD models. The method uses a verbal description of the motion sequence desired by the designer, based on DIN EN 60848 (GRAFCET) [2] and using elements from VDI Guideline 2860 (handling functions) [8]. The presented method is easy to use and self-describing to a large extent. It enables designers to define in their own domain, in parallel to their mechanical designs, the desired motion sequence of the machine they have designed in machine-readable form. The actual kinematization of the CAD model is performed automatically. At the end, the kinematized design is available in COLLADA format and can be imported via the import interfaces of common simulation tools and can therefore be used for the DT.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Intelligent Sustainable Systems</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9789811976629</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2367-3370</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-981-19-7663-6_40</identifier>
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    <author>Michael Dietz</author>
    <author>Matthias Werodin</author>
    <author>Ronald Schmidt-Vollus</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fakultät für Elektrotechnik Feinwerktechnik Informationstechnik</collection>
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    <title language="eng">Concept for an interoperable behavior library for virtual commissioning using PLCopenXML</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A shorter product life cycle and therefore, reduced&#13;
project duration is the major success factor for machinery and&#13;
plant engineering today. One use case for Virtual Commission-&#13;
ing (VC) is the early software test without an existing plant.&#13;
The primary effort of VC lies in the manual creation of the&#13;
plant model. There are various simulation tools with different&#13;
advantages available. Selecting one tool has consequences for&#13;
the whole engineering process. The exchange of models across&#13;
different tools is not possible or discouraged by the respective&#13;
vendors due to various reasons. This paper describes a concept to&#13;
exchange behavior models via the table-based import interfaces&#13;
for an automated model generation within common simulation&#13;
tools. The concept utilizes an approach to exchange the behavior&#13;
of components using the vendor-neutral and standardized pro-&#13;
gramming language PLCopenXML containing all IEC 61131-3&#13;
programming languages. This removes the main obstacle for a&#13;
broader industrial application of VC, as it minimizes the manual&#13;
effort for creating and exchanging behavior models through the&#13;
use of standardized library elements and existing interfaces.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="std-doi">10.1109/ETFA.2019.8869070</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-72810-302-0</identifier>
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    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Deutsches Urheberrecht gilt</licence>
    <author>Michael Dietz</author>
    <author>Johannes Sippl</author>
    <author>Ronald Schmidt-Vollus</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PLCopen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="6">Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften</collection>
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    <pageNumber>440 - 445</pageNumber>
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    <publishedDate>2020-07-30</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Teaching Digitalization and Systems Modelingfor Virtual Commissioning Using Virtual Labs</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The new seminar "Digital Twins for Virtual Commissioning of Production Machines" follows a technical approach that uses virtualization and offers the possibility to pursue an uncommon teaching method called problem-based learning (PBL). The seminar is divided into two parts, with fundamental theoretical knowledge in automation technology and systems modeling provided first. In the second part, the students use the dedicated software environment to edit projects on their own, and at this point the PBL approach is used. This method enables students to self-organize their learning process and take an active part in the seminar. The idea for the seminar and virtual teaching lab evolved from the industrial use case of testing software for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) without the real machine, using virtual commissioning (VC). The primary effort of VC lies in the manual creation of a digital representation of each mechatronic component providing the same behavior seen from PLC perspective. Students are taught to do this, create the so-called digital twin (DT).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">10.1109/ISIE45063.2020.9152258</identifier>
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    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Deutsches Urheberrecht gilt</licence>
    <author>Michael Dietz</author>
    <author>Barbara Meissner</author>
    <author>Ronald Schmidt-Vollus</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>virtual lab</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>digitalization</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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