@article{EitelGramlHoppeetal.2023, author = {Eitel, Dominik and Graml, Johanna and Hoppe, Julia and Kaliwoda, Melanie and Hornfeck, Markus and Helbig, Uta}, title = {Synthesis and Structure of Carbon-doped TiO2 by Carbothermal Treatment}, series = {Nano Select}, volume = {4}, journal = {Nano Select}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {2688-4011}, doi = {10.1002/nano.202300022}, pages = {454 -- 461}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Carbon modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a promising candidate for catalytic applications or fuel cells, where the modified oxide could replace currently used catalyst support materials. Carbothermally treated TiO2 was successfully prepared by annealing under acetylene/nitrogen gas flow in a rotary tube furnace. The carbon content in the TiO2 samples ranged from 5 to 14.5 wt.-\% as determined by thermogravimetric measurements. The powders showed suppression of the phase transition from anatase to rutile up to a treatment temperature of 825°C. Above 600°C rutile is the thermodynamically stable phase, therefore the suppression must be attributed to either carbon in the lattice or the reducing atmosphere in the furnace. Raman spectra revealed the characteristic G and D bands, indicating the formation of carbonaceous species in the samples. In addition, a shift of the anatase Eg(1) band was observed indicating a lattice disorder pointing toward carbon incorporation into the lattice. Diffuse reflectance spectra show sub band gap absorption together with a shift of the absorption edge. Depending on the extraction method of band gaps from spectra, the band gap values show a decrease or increase with increasing carbon content. Details of the evaluation and interpretation of the spectra are discussed.}, language = {en} }