@article{RiedmuellerGernerDiaz2025, author = {Riedm{\"u}ller, Florian and Gerner, Hans-Dieter and D{\´i}az, Sofia Adrianz{\´e}n}, title = {The Benefits from Share of Search (SoS) Analyses for Predicting Membership Development in Sports Federations: A Pilot Study}, series = {International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences}, volume = {13}, journal = {International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences}, number = {1}, publisher = {Horizon Research Publishing Co., Ltd.}, issn = {2381-4381}, doi = {10.13189/saj.2025.130120}, pages = {182 -- 189}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The long-term development of membership numbers in sports clubs and federations is well documented through statistical surveys, such as annual sports development reports. However, studies dedicated to analyzing membership developments have a considerable time lag due to their retrospective approach, which poses a risk for future member acquisition and retention strategies. Modern market research methods attempt to address this challenge by using econometric approaches to deliver solid explanations and forecasts based on identified systematic patterns. Share of Search (SoS) analyses are already successfully used in various industries to forecast the development of market shares. This involves measuring the effect of the development of online search queries in Google and other search engines in one period on the change of market shares in the following period. For the first time, this approach is transferred to a pilot study that observes the membership development of 20 sports federations in Germany. This study shows that online search queries have a high explanatory power for membership development in sports. Therefore, SoS studies can be used accordingly as a relevant indicator for future planning in sports management.}, language = {en} } @article{ManfredGernerJaeckleetal.2025, author = {Manfred, Antoni and Gerner, Hans-Dieter and J{\"a}ckle, Robert and Schwarz, Stefan}, title = {The Gender Pay Gap in University Student Internships}, series = {German Economic Review}, journal = {German Economic Review}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, issn = {1468-0475}, doi = {10.1515/ger-2024-0130}, pages = {47}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Internships are an important and often mandatory part of academic education. They offer valuable insights into the labor market but can also expose students to negative aspects of the working world, such as gender pay disparities. We provide first evidence of a gender pay gap in mandatory internships, with women earning up to 21 \% less per hour than men. This gap is not due to women choosing higher-quality internships over higher pay. Factors such as field of study, risk aversion, competitiveness, the focus of the internship, and firm characteristics account for a large share of the gap. Further analyses show that the internship pay gap is broadly similar to the wage gap at labor market entry among graduates. We discuss potential mechanisms through which the internship pay gap may be related to the entry wage gap.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BauerGernerMummertetal.2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Bauer, Anna and Gerner, Hans-Dieter and Mummert, Uwe and Sandner, Malte and Seebens, Holger and J{\"a}ckle, Robert}, title = {OHM Happiness Report (OHR)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-9488}, pages = {2 -- 35}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die langfristige Lebenszufriedenheit (Happiness/Gl{\"u}cksempfinden) ehemaliger Studierender scheint maßgeblich mit ihrem subjektiven Gl{\"u}cksempfinden w{\"a}hrend der Zeit an der Hochschule zusammen zu h{\"a}ngen (Harker und Keltner, 2001). Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag basierend auf Survey-Daten aus dem Jahr 2022 die Lebens- und Studienzufriedenheit der Studierenden an der TH N{\"u}rnberg Georg Simon Ohm. Unsere Analysen ergeben einen durchschnittlichen OHM Happiness Score von 6,93 Skalenpunkten. Dieser Wert liegt etwas {\"u}ber dem Durchschnitt der deutschen Bev{\"o}lkerung (6,86), knapp unterhalb des arithmetischen Mittels in Bayern (7,06) und entspricht genau dem Gl{\"u}cksempfinden der Region Franken (6,94), in deren Zentrum N{\"u}rnberg die OHM zu Hause ist. International positioniert sich die OHM im Bereich der Bev{\"o}lkerung von L{\"a}ndern wie den USA (6,98), der Schweiz (6,94) oder der Tschechischen Republik (6,92). Wir zeigen, dass die Lebenszufriedenheit unter den Studierenden - analog zur Gesamtbev{\"o}lkerung - w{\"a}hrend der Covid-19-Pandemie zur{\"u}ck gegangen ist. Das Covid-Happiness-Tal scheint mit der endg{\"u}ltigen R{\"u}ckkehr in die H{\"o}rs{\"a}le im Jahr 2022 aber {\"u}berwunden zu sein. Ferner zeigen wir, dass Studienzufriedenheit und Lebenszufriedenheit an der OHM positiv korrelieren und untersuchen, wie verschiedene Merkmale und Leistungen der Studierenden mit ihrer Happiness und Studienzufriedenheit zusammenh{\"a}ngen: eine h{\"o}here Selbstwirksamkeit geht mit einer deutlich h{\"o}heren Lebens- und Studienzufriedenheit einher, dagegen sind schlechte Schul- und Studienleistungen, die Erwartung einer langen Studiendauer, Stress und Prokrastination mit einer geringeren Lebens- und Studienzufriedenheit verbunden. Schließlich steht ein h{\"o}heres erwartetes Einstiegsgehalt in einem positiven Zusammenhang mit dem subjektiv empfundenen Gl{\"u}ck, allerdings nur bis zu einem Jahresbruttogehalt von 60.000 Euro. Studierende, die einen h{\"o}heren Verdienst erwarten, geben ein niedrigeres Gl{\"u}cksniveau an.}, subject = {Gl{\"u}ck}, language = {de} } @techreport{AntoniGernerJaeckleetal.2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Antoni, Manfred and Gerner, Hans-Dieter and J{\"a}ckle, Robert and Schwarz, Stefan}, title = {When Women Learn That They Earn Less: The Gender Pay Gap in University Student Internships}, pages = {36}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Internships are an important and often mandatory part of academic education. They offer valuable insights into the labor market but can also expose students to negative aspects of the working world, such as gender pay disparities. Our paper provides first evidence of a gender pay gap in mandatory internships, with women earning up to 7\% less per hour than men. Notably, this gap is not due to women choosing higher-quality internships over higher pay. Further analyses show that the internship pay gap is similar in magnitude to the labor market entry wage gap among graduates. We discuss potential mechanisms by which the internship pay gap may contribute to the graduation wage gap and present empirical evidence to support this.}, language = {en} }