@inproceedings{vonderHeydeGerlGrossetal.2021, author = {von der Heyde, Markus and Gerl, Armin and Groß, Rainer and Klapper, Frank and Knaden, Andreas and Meister, Vera G. and Rehm, Simone}, title = {Vision, Mission und Governance der Landesstrategien im Zeitalter der Hochschul-Digitalisierung}, series = {P314 - INFORMATIK 2021 - Computer Science \& Sustainability}, booktitle = {P314 - INFORMATIK 2021 - Computer Science \& Sustainability}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, issn = {978-3-88579-708-1}, doi = {10.18420/informatik2021-146}, pages = {1675-1687}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Seit Jahrzehnten kooperieren Hochschulen aller Formen bei der gemeinsamen Nutzung und Erstellung von IT-Services. Zu beobachten ist ein Paradigmenwechsel von der Versorgung mit Informationstechnologien {\"u}ber die Bereitstellung integrierter IT-Dienste hin zur Digitalisierung der Kernprozesse, welcher diese Kooperationen st{\"a}rker vorantreibt und neue initiiert. Auf Ebene der Bundesl{\"a}nder wird seit kurzem der Bedarf zur {\"u}bergreifenden Steuerung formuliert und durch "Digitalisierungsstrategien" zum Ausdruck gebracht, da die zur Verf{\"u}gung stehenden Mittel effektiv und effizient eingesetzt werden m{\"u}ssen. Diese strategischen Aussagen besitzen erhebliche Parallelit{\"a}ten zu strategischen Formulierungen aus der Wirtschaft. Deshalb erscheint es angemessen, die dort verwendeten Begriffe, am Beispiel des Business Motivation Models (BMM), auf die Hochschullandschaft zu {\"u}bertragen. Bestehende Beispiele aus f{\"u}nf Landesstrategien werden zusammengefasst und im Hinblick auf die kommunizierte Vision, Mission und Governance analysiert und verglichen. Durch Analyse und Vergleich wird deutlich, dass der Wandel von IT-Strategie zu Digitalisierungsstrategien dort gelingen kann, wo im kooperativen Dialog zwischen den Verantwortlichen f{\"u}r die Kernprozesse Forschung und Lehre und denjenigen, die Informationsversorgung gestalten, eine potentiell transformierende Wirkung entfaltet werden kann.}, language = {de} } @techreport{GrossKnoll2016, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Groß, Rainer and Knoll, Julian}, title = {Wie funktionieren Recommendersysteme?}, address = {N{\"u}rnberg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-1638}, pages = {29}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Mit dem rapiden Wachstum der Informationstechnologie zum Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts und der damit verbundenen starken Zunahme der Datenmenge, ist Software zum Filtern und Auffinden von relevanten Informationen unverzichtbar geworden. Gerade f{\"u}r Unternehmen, deren Gesch{\"a}ftsmodell auf digitalisierten Unternehmensprozessen beruht, ist es essenziell dem jeweiligen Kunden automatisiert passende Produkte anzubieten. Recommenderalgorithmen befassen sich genau mit dieser Problemstellung und versuchen Produktempfehlungen f{\"u}r Kunden m{\"o}glichst gut zu personalisieren. Die bislang vorliegenden Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen beschreiben Recommenderalgorithmen lediglich in groben Z{\"u}gen. Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich daher mit der didaktischen Aufarbeitung zweier grundlegender Algorithmen und bietet einen transparenten und allgemein verst{\"a}ndlichen Zugang zu diesem Thema. Die beiden Algorithmen werden anhand eines durchg{\"a}ngigen Beispiels von der Berechnung der {\"A}hnlichkeitsmaße bis zur Erstellung der Empfehlungsrangliste illustriert. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird eine Methodik vorgestellt, um die Empfehlungsqualit{\"a}t im Rahmen von Simulationsstudien mit ROC-Kurven zu evaluieren.}, subject = {Empfehlungssystem}, language = {de} } @techreport{KottGrossKoschetal.2025, author = {Kott, Annette and Groß, Rainer and Kosch, Harald and Schuster, Jennifer and Bauer, Christoph}, title = {Maßnahmenkatalog Green IT an bayerischen Hochschulen}, doi = {10.15475/DVB-GIT.2025}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Maßnahmenkatalog bietet abgestimmte Empfehlungen, um Nachhaltigkeit f{\"u}r bayerische Hochschulen im Bereich Green IT zu f{\"o}rdern. Ziel ist es, energieeffizientes Verhalten zu unterst{\"u}tzen und die IT-Landschaft nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Die Maßnahmen zielen nicht nur auf die F{\"o}rderung eines verantwortungsvollen Handelns ab, sondern bieten auch das Potenzial, langfristig Kosteneinsparungen durch einen energieeffizienten Betrieb zu erzielen. Gleichzeitig wird nachhaltiges Handeln durch gesetzliche Vorgaben wie dem Energieeffizienzgesetz zunehmend verbindlicher, da auch Hochschulen diesen Anforderungen unterliegen. Der Maßnahmenkatalog unterst{\"u}tzt dabei, diese regulatorischen Anforderungen zu erf{\"u}llen und gleichzeitig einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Ressourcenschonung sowie zur Reduzierung von Treibhausgasemissionen zu leisten}, language = {de} } @incollection{ScheidthauerKnollGross2021, author = {Scheidthauer, Niklas and Knoll, Julian and Groß, Rainer}, title = {Visualizing Customer Journeys: How to Illustrate the Entire Customer Interaction Universe of a Commercial Website in Real Time}, series = {Communications in Computer and Information Science}, booktitle = {Communications in Computer and Information Science}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {9783030750039}, issn = {1865-0929}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-75004-6_12}, pages = {167 -- 182}, year = {2021}, abstract = {During the last decades, the internet has become an increasingly important channel for businesses to sell products and communicate with customers. Web analytics helps companies to understand customer behavior and optimizes processes to satisfy the customer needs but there is still room for improvement in real-time visualization in the context of business content. In this paper, we describe a graph-based visualization showing the entirety of the website activities at a glance. To increase the tangibility of customer behavior, the graph adapts to the website interactions in real time using smooth transitions from one state to another. Furthermore, we incorporate machine learning in our data integration process to deal with the dynamics of change of website content over time. Finally, we conduct an evaluation in the form of expert interviews revealing that our approach is suitable to optimize digitalized business processes, initiate marketing campaigns, increase the tangibility to the customer, and put a stronger focus on customer needs.}, language = {en} } @article{vonderHeydeGerlGrossetal.2022, author = {von der Heyde, Markus and Gerl, Armin and Groß, Rainer and Klapper, Frank and Knaden, Andreas and Meister, Vera G. and Rehm, Simone}, title = {Gemeinsame Digitalisierung durch die Entwicklung von IT-Governance-Strukturen auf Landesebene}, series = {Wirtschaftsinformatik \& Management}, volume = {14}, journal = {Wirtschaftsinformatik \& Management}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, issn = {1867-5905}, doi = {10.1365/s35764-022-00393-8}, pages = {127 -- 139}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @incollection{KnollKoeckritzGross2017, author = {Knoll, Julian and K{\"o}ckritz, David and Groß, Rainer}, title = {Markov Random Walk vs. Higher-Order Factorization Machines: A Comparison of State-of-the-Art Recommender Algorithms}, series = {Communications in Computer and Information Science}, booktitle = {Communications in Computer and Information Science}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {9783319604466}, issn = {1865-0929}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-60447-3_7}, pages = {87 -- 103}, year = {2017}, abstract = {World-wide research on recommender systems has resulted in great, highly effective algorithms based on a large variety of different concepts. Two of these promising recommender approaches are the Markov Random Walk and (higher-order) Factorization Machines. Unfortunately, due to the substantial effort for optimizing hyperparameters, most articles that describe new recommender approaches do not compare the obtained results with other state-of-the-art approaches in the recommender domain. This paper demonstrates how different state-of-the-art recommender algorithms can be compared in a consistent manner. Furthermore, we investigate under which circumstances Factorization Machines should be preferred and in which situations Markov Random Walk is the most striking algorithm. In addition, we include the restart concept into a Markov Random Walk with an optimized walk length and show how the number of factors of each order in a higher-order Factorization Machine can be optimized.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GrossFreudenthalerUlrich2022, author = {Groß, Rainer and Freudenthaler, Kurt and Ulrich, Thomas}, title = {BEST OF BOTH WORLDS: HOW CAN WE USEFULLY COMBINE ONLINE AND CLASSROOM TEACHING IN THE CONTEXT OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF INDUSTRY-UNIVERSITY COOPERATION?}, series = {ICERI Proceedings}, volume = {1}, booktitle = {ICERI Proceedings}, publisher = {IATED}, issn = {2340-1095}, doi = {10.21125/iceri.2022.0799}, pages = {3205 -- 3213}, year = {2022}, abstract = {For more than ten years, so-called idea competitions have been taking place within the framework of a cooperation between the Nuremberg Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, and a local, globally active high-tech company. For more details about the idea competitions pls. refer to [1]. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the teaching-learning setting has changed, and this master-level course has been mostly conducted online. We make the following main contributions. First, this paper derives indications of how future idea competitions should be designed with a combination of online and face-to-face components. Second, we provide indications for skill deficits of students in online teaching. Third, we show which digital technologies we believe are necessary for a best-of-both-world teaching-learning setting of the idea competition. In order to investigate the indications for a meaningful combination of online and classroom teaching as well as skill deficits, we perform a 360-degree survey of students, lecturers and the cooperation partner of the current course. Therefore, we extend the existing phase model of the course [1, p. 2494] by including information about which of the participants is in the lead of each phase of the course. We survey the participants for each course phase whether they absolutely want to carry it out online, prefer online, prefer face-to-face or absolutely want to carry it out in the classroom. The approach we use to identify skill deficits refers to the skills communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativity (4 C's). We draw the following initial conclusions from the survey: In the early phases of the course and towards the end of the course with dry runs and final presentations, all participants prefer the classroom approach. It is characteristic of these phases that, in addition to the auditory and visual channels, the kinesthetic communication channel plays an outstanding role. In contrast, the other phases, which are dominated by the creation of results and coaching, all participants unanimously prefer the online mode. The main reasons for this are flexibility in terms of time and space. Regarding the 4 C's, according to the students' assessment, there are no skill deficits when switching from face-to-face to online teaching. They feel sufficiently qualified to be able to work confidently in both worlds. However, the survey shows that during the Kick-off Meeting and in the phases with a high proportion of presentations, students rate their own qualification regarding the 4 C's significantly higher in presence. In the phases of idea generation and concept development as well as the preparation of presentations and project reports, students' see their own 4C skills more strongly in the online mode. Regarding the digital technologies, the essential application for the design of online teaching is Microsoft 365 with MS Teams for communication and collaboration. In conclusion, there seems to be a correlation between the preferred form of teaching and the skill deficits, which should be elaborated in further research.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KnollGrossSchwankeetal.2018, author = {Knoll, Julian and Groß, Rainer and Schwanke, Axel and Rinn, Bernhard and Schreyer, Martin}, title = {Applying Recommender Approaches to the Real Estate e-Commerce Market}, series = {Communications in Computer and Information Science}, booktitle = {Communications in Computer and Information Science}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {9783319934075}, issn = {1865-0929}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-93408-2_9}, pages = {111 -- 126}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Like in many other branches of modern economies, the internet changed the behavior of suppliers and customers in real estate markets. Recommender systems became more and more important in providing customers with a fast and easy way to find suitable real estate items. In this paper, we show different possibilities for embedding the recommendation engine into the user journey of a real estate portal. Moreover, we present how additional information regarding real estate items can be incorporated into the recommendation process. Finally, we compare the recommendation quality of the state-of-the-art approaches deep learning and factorization machines with collaborative filtering (the currently used recommender algorithm) based on a data set extracted from the productive system of the Immowelt Group.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KottGrossKoschetal.2024, author = {Kott, Annette and Groß, Rainer and Kosch, Harald and Schuster, Jennifer and Christoph, Bauer}, title = {15 Vorschl{\"a}ge von strategischen Green IT Leitlinien f{\"u}r eine Integration in die IT-Strategie der bayerischen Hochschulen}, series = {INFORMATIK}, booktitle = {INFORMATIK}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-88579-746-3}, issn = {2944-7682}, doi = {10.18420/INF2024_188}, pages = {2167-2180}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die sp{\"u}rbaren Herausforderungen des Klimawandels nehmen kontinuierlich zu. Verantwortlich daf{\"u}r sind verst{\"a}rkte Emissionen von Treibhausgasen, die unter anderem durch Digitalisierungsvorhaben und der damit verbundenen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) verursacht werden. Bayerische Hochschulen haben die Verantwortung zum Klimaschutz gesetzlich verankert und die Weichen f{\"u}r einen nachhaltigen Campus-Betrieb gestellt. Diese Studie pr{\"a}sentiert Ergebnisse einer Umfrage an bayerischen Hochschulen, inwiefern nachhaltige IT-Praktiken bereits jetzt angewendet werden. Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse und deren Einordnung in den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs zu Green IT, werden Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet und in 15 strategischen Leitlinien f{\"u}r einen gr{\"u}neren IT-Betrieb zusammengefasst. Diese Leitlinien sollen als Vorschlag f{\"u}r eine m{\"o}gliche Integration von Green IT in die IT-Strategie bayerischer Hochschulen dienen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GrossCartwrightFreudenthaleretal.2024, author = {Groß, Rainer and Cartwright, Clifton and Freudenthaler, Kurt and Ulrich, Thomas}, title = {A DECADE OF SUCCESSFUL UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COOPERATION: A TRIPLE WIN SITUATION}, series = {INTED Proceedings}, volume = {1}, booktitle = {INTED Proceedings}, publisher = {IATED}, isbn = {978-84-09-59215-9}, issn = {2340-1079}, doi = {10.21125/inted.2024.0556}, pages = {1960 -- 1969}, year = {2024}, abstract = {For more than ten years a project-based learning course (so-called information management challenge) has been taking place within the framework of a cooperation between the Nuremberg Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, and the global player Siemens Digital Industries, headquartered in Nuremberg. An essential characteristic of our course is that we organize it as a competition. This means that not all students work in a common project team on a common project. Instead, multiple project teams compete to find the best solution to the project objective. The target for each student team is always to develop robust ideas for a challenging digital transformation problem of the cooperation partner. In our earlier papers the detailed master's level course design is described as well as the adjustments of the teaching-learning setting caused by the pandemic. In this paper, our focus is on the qualitative benefits experienced by all parties involved in the information management challenge. Each party gains distinct qualitative advantages from their individual perspective. This is why we can speak of a triple win situation. We make the following main contributions. First, we explain which skills in the area of learning and innovation are significantly important in the future and how developing these skills is supported through the teaching-learning setting of the course. Second, we explain the different perspectives that the three involved parties have on these skills and derive theses from these viewing angles. Third, we evaluate the theses with an empirical survey and prioritize the benefits of the competition for each of the involved parties to derive an indication towards the triple win situation. In order to create a coherent representation for the triple win situation as stated in the title, the model of the Future Skills 4C (Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration) is employed. The definitions of the 4Cs are relatively extensive. Nevertheless, the three partners involved - students, lecturers, and Siemens in their different roles - have different interpretations according to their context. This is exemplified by Creativity: while the students in their "generating" role creatively combine previously gained experience and acquired methods to find solutions to the challenge at hand, the company in its "consuming" role benefits from the results that are generated by the students' out-of-the-box thinking. The lecturers in their role as teachers and coaches activate and support the students in a targeted manner during the creative process. We identify that through the teaching-learning setting of the course these four Future Skills are implicitly conveyed to the students. Acquiring these skills also supports them to successfully start a career after completing their degree programme. Relevant theses on the 4Cs are formulated in respect to the different interpretations of the involved parties. A first indication is derived from an evaluation conducted by the summer semester 2023 course participants from all involved parties. The evaluation shows that students see their highest ranked benefits from participating in the course in improving their skills in Creativity and Critical Thinking, whereas lecturers ranked benefits in teaching the skills Critical Thinking and Communication highest. Alongside, Siemens identifies their benefits in Creativity and Communication to be most important.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GrossFreudenthalerUlrich2019, author = {Groß, Rainer and Freudenthaler, Kurt and Ulrich, Thomas}, title = {PROJECT-BASED LEARNING: KEY SUCCESS FACTORS AND BENEFITS FOR A TEACHING-LEARNING SETTING IN THE CONTEXT OF UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COOPERATION BASED ON TEN YEARS OF EXPERIENCE}, series = {ICERI Proceedings}, volume = {1}, booktitle = {ICERI Proceedings}, publisher = {IATED}, issn = {2340-1095}, doi = {10.21125/iceri.2019.0662}, pages = {2492 -- 2499}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Industrial companies increasingly realize that they cannot rely exclusively on their internal research and development activities for successful innovations. Targeted cooperation with universities enables them to obtain innovative and creative solutions to challenging industrial problems. Cooperations also deliver access to a pool of talents and skills, while overcoming their own operational blindness and also saving R\&D costs in the long term. However, these cooperations are not a one-way street. They are also welcome at universities, as they complement the mission of practice-oriented teaching and thus contribute to applied research and the transfer of knowledge to industry. For the students, cooperative learning provides contact to industry, which can be used on the one hand for topics of final theses and on the other hand as an introduction to potential employers. For ten years now, so-called "idea competitions" have been conducted within a cooperation between Nuremberg Tech's Faculty of Computer Science and a locally-based, multinational conglomerate corporation. The idea competitions enable a didactic approach of project-based learning within a master-level course. From the beginning, the question was raised as to how the teaching-learning setting of the idea competition could be adapted to the needs and benefits of the partners involved. This setting was subject to a continuous improvement process. In addition, key success factors for the effective conduct of the course were derived. In this article, a phase-based model of the underlying course concept is presented and explained in detail. During the preparation phase of the course, the lecturers and the cooperation partner focus on finding a current, innovative project topic that is realizable for students within a master-level course. The following phase, the initialization of the project, then involves the students. In addition to the coordination of administrative subjects, the focus is above all on conveying the project assignments and the required basic and contextual knowledge. Furthermore, the student groups who compete with one another are composed. In the next phase, project work begins, with the generation of ideas by the groups. The lecturers limit themselves to a coaching role. Before transitioning to the following course phase, an additional contact with the cooperation partner takes place, with a discussion of the group expos{\´e}s. During this step, the promising ideas worth pursuing are identified. These are then further developed in detail and solutions are worked out. This phase ends with the preparation of the project report, in combination with the final presentation of each group. In the final phase of the course, the first step is to critically evaluate the presentations of the groups by the lecturers. In these dry runs, the focus is on optimizing the logical sequence and the management suitability of the presentations. The highlight is then the closing event, at which the results achieved are presented and discussed in front of a jury consisting of representatives of the cooperation partner and the lecturers. The award ceremony and handing out of the certificates conclude the idea competition. In this paper, the essential experiences encountered as well as the key success factors derived and the emerging benefits gained are discussed. Finally, the application of these experiences to the current idea competition in the summer semester of 2019 is presented.}, language = {en} }