@inproceedings{RabensteinDietzKremseretal.2020, author = {Rabenstein, L. and Dietz, A. and Kremser, A. and Parspour, N.}, title = {Semi-Analytical Calculation of a Laminated Transverse Flux Machine}, series = {2020 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)}, booktitle = {2020 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {2381-4802}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/icem49940.2020.9271065}, pages = {721 -- 727}, year = {2020}, abstract = {n this paper a semi-analytical calculation of a transverse flux machine is presented. First the design of the machine is explained, then the semi-analytical calculation, which is finally compared with a numerical 3D finite element analysis (FEA). The semi-analytical approach is based on a magnetic equivalent circuit, which is solved by nodal analysis and the Broyden-Method. The air gap of the machine is transformed into the magnetic equivalent circuit by conformal mapping using the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation. The comparison to numerical simulation shows that the approach gives good results and is sufficiently accurate for a rough design of the machine.}, language = {en} } @article{DietzDiTommasoMarignettietal.2020, author = {Dietz, Armin and Di Tommaso, Antonino Oscar and Marignetti, Fabrizio and Miceli, Rosario and Nevoloso, Claudio}, title = {Enhanced Flexible Algorithm for the Optimization of Slot Filling Factors in Electrical Machines}, series = {Energies}, volume = {13}, journal = {Energies}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en13051041}, pages = {21}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The continuous development in the field of industrial automation and electric mobility has led to the need for more efficient electrical machines with a high power density. The improvement of electrical machines' slot filling factors is one of the measures to satisfy these requirements. In recent years, this topic has aroused greater interest in the industrial sector, since the evolution of the winding technological manufacturing processes allows an economically sustainable realization of ordered winding arrangements, rather than random ones. Moreover, the manufacture of electrical machines' windings must be preceded by an accurate design phase in which it is possible to evaluate the maximum slot filling factor obtainable for a given wire shape and for its dimensions. For this purpose, this paper presents an algorithmic approach for the evaluation of maximum slot filling factors in electrical machines under an ideal geometric premise. In particular, this algorithm has a greater degree of flexibility with respect to the algorithm approaches found in the literature, since the study has been extended to round, rectangular and hexagonal wire sections. Furthermore, the slot filling factor calculation was carried out both for standard and non-standard slots. The algorithmic approach proposed can be considered as an additional useful tool for the fast design of electrical machine windings.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DietzCarusoDiTommasoetal.2020, author = {Dietz, Armin and Caruso, M. and Di Tommaso, A. O. and Miceli, R. and Nevoloso, C.}, title = {Enhanced Mathematical Modelling of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Considering Saturation, Cross-Coupling and Spatial Harmonics effects}, series = {2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)}, booktitle = {2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ever48776.2020.9243003}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous machine (IPMSM) conventional mathematical model is generally employed to investigate and simulate the IPMSM control and drive system behaviour. However, magnetic nonlinearities and spatial harmonics have a substantial influence on the IPMSM electromagnetic behaviour and performances. In order to simulate the IPMSM real electromagnetic behaviour, this paper describes an enhanced mathematical model that takes into account the saturation, cross-coupling and spatial harmonics effects. This model has been implemented in Matlab®/Simulink environment where the electric and magnetic parameters are derived from FEA investigations and implemented by the use of lookup tables. The high fidelity of the proposed IPMSM Simulink model is validated by the results of the FEA investigations carried out.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchierEppleMaaouietal.2020, author = {Schier, Michael and Epple, Fabius and Maaoui, Aicha and Schwellinger, Martin and Weber, Michael and Dietz, Armin and Zimmermann, Rolf}, title = {Development of a Two In One Motor System as a new Vehicle Energy Concept for Next Generation Car}, series = {2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)}, booktitle = {2020 Fifteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ever48776.2020.9243148}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{Freier2020, author = {Freier, Carolin}, title = {Wandel sozialwirtschaftlicher Arbeitswelt}, series = {Sozialwirtschaft aktuell}, volume = {30}, journal = {Sozialwirtschaft aktuell}, number = {18}, publisher = {Nomos Verlag}, issn = {1619-2427}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5771/1619-2427-2020-18-1-1}, pages = {1 -- 3}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BikasWeigandBrilzetal.2020, author = {Bikas, Georgios and Weigand, Peter and Brilz, Marina and Michos, Konstantinos}, title = {High Resolution Global NOx Sub-Model for Embedded System Application with Low Calibration Effort}, series = {SAE Technical Paper Series}, booktitle = {SAE Technical Paper Series}, publisher = {SAE International}, address = {400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States}, issn = {0148-7191}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0246}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{MichosBikas2020, author = {Michos, Konstantinos N. and Bikas, Georgios}, title = {Quasi-Dimensional Multi-Zone Combustion Diagnostic Tool for SI Engines with Novel NOx and CO Emissions Models}, series = {SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility}, volume = {2}, journal = {SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility}, number = {4}, publisher = {SAE International}, issn = {2641-9645}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0289}, pages = {1818 -- 1848}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In this work a quasi-dimensional multi-zone combustion diagnostic tool for homogeneous charge Spark Ignition (SI) engines is analytically developed for the evaluation of heat release, flame propagation, combustion velocities as well as engine-out NOx and CO emissions, based on in-cylinder pressure data analysis. The tool can be used to assess the effects of fuel, design and operating parameters on the SI engine combustion and NOx and CO emissions formation processes. "Certain novel features are included in the presently developed combustion diagnostic tool. Firstly, combustion chambers of any shape and spark plug position can be considered due to an advanced model for the calculation of the geometric interaction between a spherically expanding flame and a general combustion chamber geometry. Also, the temperature stratification of the burned gas developed during the combustion phase, which has to be captured for the theoretically realistic estimation of the in-cylinder formation of pollutant emissions, is taken into account by a multi-zone thermodynamic treatment. According to this, multiple spherically allocated burned zones are sequentially generated at specified (user-defined) crank angle intervals, forming overlapping shells. Moreover, complex chemical equilibrium compositions are computed, which can include any user-defined mixture of species in the combustion products, using an advanced modular method based on the minimization of Gibbs energy. Furthermore, NOx and CO engine-out emissions are calculated based on novel in-cylinder formation models presented by the authors in the past. Specifically, NOx emissions are evaluated by a global algebraic NOx emissions formation model, accounting for both thermal and subO pathway NO formation, based on the calculation of the characteristic timescales of the relevant NO formation mechanisms. CO emissions are assessed using a new kinetics-based model, consisting of a single Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) that can be analytically integrated. The CO emissions model is derived considering the dynamics of a representative pool of active radicals in post-flame gases and explicitly describes the CO oxidation quenching process. "The combustion diagnostic tool is applied to a lean burn gas engine at various engine speeds under full load conditions and constant lambda value. Various combustion and NOx and CO emissions related results are presented and discussed to illustrate the capabilities of the tool for combustion diagnosis, while at the same time calculated engine-out NOx and CO emissions are found to be in satisfactory agreement with measured ones.}, language = {en} } @article{BogdanskiCailliau2020, author = {Bogdanski, Ralf and Cailliau, Cathrin}, title = {Wie das Lastenrad die Letzte Meile gewinnen kann}, series = {Journal f{\"u}r Mobilit{\"a}t und Verkehr}, journal = {Journal f{\"u}r Mobilit{\"a}t und Verkehr}, number = {5}, publisher = {Sachsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitatsbibliothek Dresden}, issn = {2628-4154}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.34647/jmv.nr5.id36}, pages = {22 -- 29}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Lastenr{\"a}der sind im Stadtverkehr noch eine Marktnische, sollen aber k{\"u}nftig fester Bestandteil der „Verkehrswende" sein. So formulierte der Bundesverkehrsminister auf dem Nationalen Radverkehrskongress in Dresden im Mai 2019 als drittes Leitziel f{\"u}r den n{\"a}chsten Nationalen Radverkehrsplan: „Urbane Lastenverkehre werden Radverkehre" (BMVI, 2019). Das Verlagerungspotential im urbanen Wirtschaftsverkehr wird mit 20 \% beziffert (Gruber \& Rudolph 2016), in der Kurier-, Express- und Paket-Branche (KEP) sogar mit 30 \% (Bogdanski et al., 2018). Zur Zielerreichung m{\"u}ssen drei kritische Erfolgsfaktoren ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden - wirtschaftliche Logistikkonzepte, logistikgerechte Lastenr{\"a}der und eine dazu passende urbane Verkehrsinfrastruktur. In diesem Spannungsfeld ergibt sich eine Vielzahl von Handlungsnotwendigkeiten. Weiterhin bestehen urbane Lastenverkehre nur zu einem Teil aus KEP-Verkehren. Welche Potentiale schwere Lastenr{\"a}der f{\"u}r andere Anwendungen im Lastenverkehr bieten, er{\"o}rtert das Forschungsprojekt „PedeListics" mit Kommunen und Unternehmen als Praxispartnern.}, language = {de} } @article{MichosBikas2020, author = {Michos, Konstantinos N. and Bikas, Georgios}, title = {Quasi-Dimensional Multi-Zone Combustion Diagnostic Tool for SI Engines with Novel NOx and CO Emissions Models}, series = {SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility}, volume = {2}, journal = {SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility}, number = {4}, publisher = {SAE International}, issn = {2641-9645}, doi = {10.4271/2020-01-0289}, pages = {1818 -- 1848}, year = {2020}, abstract = {\<div class="section abstract"\<div class="htmlview paragraph"In this work a quasi-dimensional multi-zone combustion diagnostic tool for homogeneous charge Spark Ignition (SI) engines is analytically developed for the evaluation of heat release, flame propagation, combustion velocities as well as engine-out NOx and CO emissions, based on in-cylinder pressure data analysis. The tool can be used to assess the effects of fuel, design and operating parameters on the SI engine combustion and NOx and CO emissions formation processes.\</div\<div class="htmlview paragraph"Certain novel features are included in the presently developed combustion diagnostic tool. Firstly, combustion chambers of any shape and spark plug position can be considered due to an advanced model for the calculation of the geometric interaction between a spherically expanding flame and a general combustion chamber geometry. Also, the temperature stratification of the burned gas developed during the combustion phase, which has to be captured for the theoretically realistic estimation of the in-cylinder formation of pollutant emissions, is taken into account by a multi-zone thermodynamic treatment. According to this, multiple spherically allocated burned zones are sequentially generated at specified (user-defined) crank angle intervals, forming overlapping shells. Moreover, complex chemical equilibrium compositions are computed, which can include any user-defined mixture of species in the combustion products, using an advanced modular method based on the minimization of Gibbs energy. Furthermore, NOx and CO engine-out emissions are calculated based on novel in-cylinder formation models presented by the authors in the past. Specifically, NOx emissions are evaluated by a global algebraic NOx emissions formation model, accounting for both thermal and N\<sub2\</subO pathway NO formation, based on the calculation of the characteristic timescales of the relevant NO formation mechanisms. CO emissions are assessed using a new kinetics-based model, consisting of a single Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) that can be analytically integrated. The CO emissions model is derived considering the dynamics of a representative pool of active radicals in post-flame gases and explicitly describes the CO oxidation quenching process.\</div\<div class="htmlview paragraph"The combustion diagnostic tool is applied to a lean burn gas engine at various engine speeds under full load conditions and constant lambda value. Various combustion and NOx and CO emissions related results are presented and discussed to illustrate the capabilities of the tool for combustion diagnosis, while at the same time calculated engine-out NOx and CO emissions are found to be in satisfactory agreement with measured ones.\</div\</div}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BikasWeigandBrilzetal.2020, author = {Bikas, Georgios and Weigand, Peter and Brilz, Marina and Michos, Konstantinos}, title = {High Resolution Global NOx Sub-Model for Embedded System Application with Low Calibration Effort}, series = {SAE Technical Paper Series}, booktitle = {SAE Technical Paper Series}, publisher = {SAE International}, address = {400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States}, issn = {0148-7191}, doi = {10.4271/2020-01-0246}, pages = {19}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The starting point of the present work is a global model of NOx formation for stoichiometric and lean combustion of hydrocarbons developed on the basis of a single non-linear algebraic equation. The latter is the exact solution of a system of differential equations describing the main kinetic reaction schemes of NOx formation, because it's been analytically derived. The NOx sub-model incorporates the well-established thermal (extended Zeldovich) and the N2O reaction paths, which are considered to be the most relevant NOx production paths under certain operating conditions in arbitrary engine application. Furthermore, the NOx sub-model proposed here relies on well-established and adopted mechanisms like the GRI-Mech 3.0 [25] and consequently requires no parameter adjustment. The single equation NOx sub-model has been developed by the authors in a previous study [14] and shown satisfactory results when validated against test bench data of two different engines operated under stoichiometric and lean burn combustion conditions respectively. Therefore, there is a strong evidence, that its implementation on embedded systems for "in-situ" and "in memory" analysis of engine process data, or even its application as a virtual sensor, is of great importance. Unfortunately, the previous developed NOx sub-model requires a few seconds running time per engine cycle. This long running time makes the model though less attractive for a real-time application. In the current study the main goal is to drastically reduce the computational times without compromising robustness and accuracy. The require-ments for the time resolution on a dSpace Microautobox (MAB) is set to at least 1 kHz, meaning running times of the NOx sub-model of 1 ms per engine cycle, while its accuracy needs to be ensured at the levels of the detailed NOx sub-model as validated in [14]. The computationally most expensive steps have been identified and concern on the one hand the chemical equilibrium calculations based on the minimization of the free Gibbs energy and on the other hand the iterative solution method of the non-linear algebraic equation for the determination of the actual NOx concentration. Approaches for both steps have been developed and tested on the dSpace MAB II leading to an average computational time of 20 μs per point. Main focus of the present work is on the NOx sub-model and not the associated thermodynamic sub-models needed to describe the whole process. In order to cope with any uncertainties in NOx sub-model's input parameters (p, T and mixture composition) only one calibration factor has been introduced and hence leads to low calibration effort. The final NOx sub-model results are compared to the detailed model and show a very good agreement.}, language = {en} }