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This dissertation comprises three individual essays which can be grouped under the banner of “Financial Intermediation”. In the first essay it is analyzed whether there are persistent differences in the performance of different CLO managers in the presumably information inefficient market for syndicated loans. The results suggest that greater management skills are reflected in higher risk-adjusted returns. Moreover, CLO managers seem to profit from private information captured through their affiliation to private equity firms invested in the equity of the firms which debt the CLO holds. This is one of the results of the second paper in which also a clear preference for “own debt” is found for the very first time. This finding has broader implications also for the borrowing costs which shrink through the demand pressure affiliated CLOs create thereby creating incentives for higher levels of debt. In the third article the reaction of socially responsible investment (SRI) stock funds to changes in corporate social responsibility as measured by changes in the constitution of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index relative to conventional funds is analyzed. The results raise doubt on the SRI label: The reaction to index changes is no different for SRI funds than for conventional ones. Furthermore, neither the label nor the average ESG rating are valid predictors for the reaction to changes in the index.
This study deals with the life story of Jacob of Sarug (A.D. 451-521) and the various typologies of the Church scattered in his copious mimre. Jacob of Sarug is one of the most prolific, distinguished, and influential Syriac authors, yet a systematic examination of his symbolic language referring to the Church remains a desideratum. The following research satisfies this want which stems from the fact that the Church is next to Jesus Christ in importance, as her subject is prominent in Jacob's poetic works. The work presented herein complements and contributes to the scholarly works already published in the theological field of Syriac Ecclesiology. Moreover, it is a foundational study for further researchers and theologians wishing to investigate Jacob’s comprehension of the Church.
This study shows that the question about the person of Jacob of Sarug shall remain unsatisfactorily answered, for his life stories discovered in extant manuscripts are hagiographical. Next, it reveals the Church as a building on Golgotha based on the actions of Melchizedek, Abraham, Jacob, and Moses. Then, it explains Jacob's depiction of the Church as a fisherman and life-giving fishnet. Next, it deals with the topic of the Church as the Garden of Eden on Earth in whose midst is the Tree of Life. Lastly, this study explicates the notion of the Church as the Virgin Bride of Christ.
The Church as such emerges as a permanent reality solidly founded on the cross, a sacramental and missionary Church, and sacrifice is central to her understanding. The Mysteries and the proclamation of the Good News are essential to the continuation of her Lord's mission. Moreover, she is a return to the Garden of Eden which anticipates God's promise of salvation in the afterlife.
Finally, Christ will always be united to her no matter what, for she is in effect his created body. Therefore, she remains with him wherever he is, and her actions mimic his deeds. She follows him to Sheol, breaks down its gates, frees Adam, resurrects with her Lord, is victorious over sin and death, and nothing overcomes her.
Cognitive control processes enable humans to break out of reflexive stimulus-response chains and to align their behavior towards self-imposed goals. Despite decades of research on the nature of these processes, they remain a complex and only partly comprehensible fabric of interactions and interdependencies. Three electroencephalographic studies aimed to increase knowledge about cognitive control by utilizing error precursors – neural activity preceding the occurrence of performance errors. Study 1 used error precursors to separate two preparatory control processes of a task-switching paradigm and to investigate their relative contribution to the emergence of task confusions. The results highlight the importance of general preparation in the form of cue encoding but also demonstrate how switch-specific preparatory activity can affect the selection of the currently relevant task set. In Study 2, preparatory processes were examined in the more complex environment of a dual-tasking paradigm. Distinct error precursors for the respective subtasks and a neural correlate of task order switches that is independent of these provide evidence for a multi-level system of control processes with advance prioritization of subtasks in dual-tasking. Study 3 finally focused on reactive control – adjustments to neural activity and behavior following unfavorable outcomes such as performance errors. Here, error precursors serve as a prerequisite to answer the question of adaptivity of post-error adjustments in visual search. The results confirm that a post-error reduction of target localization activity serves to attenuate a potential error source in this paradigm. In summary, the three studies of this doctoral thesis contribute to understanding the complex system of control processes by providing evidence for accounts that suggest well-established knowledge about control processes to be reconsidered in light of more fine-grained differentiation of the underlying subcomponents.
This cumulative dissertation explores the role and nature of practical wisdom in management research and comprises four papers:
1. Bachmann, C., Habisch, A. & Dierksmeier, C. (2017). Practical Wisdom: Management’s No Longer Forgotten Virtue. Journal of Business Ethics. First Online: 12 January 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10551-016-3417-y.
2. Habisch, A. & Bachmann, C. (2016). Empowering practical wisdom from religious
traditions: a ricoeurian approach. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility 1(10), 1-9.
3. Bachmann, C. (2014). Can practical wisdom be taught in business schools? An inquiry based learning approach for management education. In P. Blessinger & J. M. Carfora (Hrsg.), Inquiry-Based Learning for the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences: A Conceptual and Practical Resource for Educators, (pp. 277-302). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
4. Bachmann, C., Sasse, L. & Habisch, A.(under review). Applying the Practical Wisdom Lenses in Decision-Making: An Integrative Approach to Humanistic Management. Eingereicht bei: Humanistic Management Journal.
The dissertation is basic research which significantly contributes to the development and systematization of the hitherto unchartered landscape of wisdom-oriented management literature. In this sense, it rediscovers new intellectual territory where further research on the role of practical wisdom in leadership and organizational studies might emerge. The first two papers, on the one hand, focus on theoretical reflections on corporate ethics and wisdom theory. The third and fourth papers, on the other hand, are more application-oriented and specifically related to two main disciplines of management research, i.e. management education (3) and decision-making theory (4).
This dissertation consists of three articles that point out new perspectives on customer experience in service recovery, and that enrich the current state of research through considerable efforts to better understand customer responses to service failure and recovery:
1. Hogreve, J., Bilstein, N., & Mandl, L. (2017). Unveiling the recovery time zone of tolerance: when time matters in service recovery. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, doi: 10.1007/s11747-017-0544-7, 1-18.
2. Mandl, L. (2017). Customer conflict styles in service recovery: an empirical analysis. In Buettgen, M. (Ed.), Beiträge zur Dienstleistungsforschung 2016 (pp. 97-113). Wiesbaden: Springer.
3. Mandl, L., & Hogreve, J. (2017). The buffering effect of brand community identification in service failure episodes: the role of customer citizenship behaviors. Paper currently under review at the Journal of Business Research.
The first article takes a new perspective on recovery time and compensation, which service research commonly describes and investigates as two independent service recovery strategies. In contrast, this article discovers and specifies a direct link between recovery time and customers’ compensation expectations about service failures.
The second article presents a new perspective on measuring customer responses to inadequate service recovery. Based on conflict theory, this study conceptually develops and empirically tests a model that examines a broad range of different customer responses to service recovery instead of solely measuring customers’ satisfaction with service recovery.
The third article provides a new perspective on the role of close relationships in service recovery. Whereas most research focuses on the impact of strong customer-firm relationships on customer responses to service recovery, this is the first empirical study to investigate the role of strong relationships in a service recovery and brand community context.
As a result of the almost continuous climatic warming since the end of the Little Ice Age, a large store of unconsolidated material is available for mobilization by different sediment transport processes in the proglacial areas of the Alps. This can also be stated for the area around the Gepatsch glacier in the Upper Kauner Valley (Ötztal Alps, Tyrol). Consequences are changes in the sediment budget of the catchment of the Gepatsch reservoir.
The main goal of this thesis was the construction of a recent time sale sediment budget of this area. An important methodological property of the conducted research was the usage of study area-wide LiDAR data (TLS and ALS) of comparatively high temporal and spatial density. After several billion measurement points and data from field work, mapping and modelling efforts had been processed and evaluated, it was possible to identify and quantify the sediment transport by all relevant processes on the scale of the study area.
As this study was conducted in the framework of the PROSA project, it was possible to enrich own results with data from other working groups. This formed the basis for a regionalization of measured rates to the scale of the 62 km² large study area.
Results are presented and discussed for the processes of rock fall of various magnitudes, debris flows, avalanches, creep on talus, fluvial processes (hillslopes and main fluvial system) and rates obtained for rock glaciers and glaciers. In order to make different processes comparable, the potential energy transformed was also calculated.
The resulting sediment budget (reference time period 2012-2014) does not only show the relative importance of the mentioned processes and spatial subunits (proglacial vs. non-proglacial) in the Upper Kauner Valley. It also gives insight into the importance of high-magnitude events and the configuration of the sediment transport system with regard to its connectivity.
The essays of the cumulative dissertation are concerned with the topic of retail shelf-space optimization.
Increasing product proliferation as well as decreasing space productivity force retailers to efficiently use the limited retail shelf space and assign the right shelf quantities to products they offer to customers. Optimization models support retailers with these decisions.
The first essay analyzes how demand volatility can be integrated into shelf-space optimization models. The developed optimization model furthermore accounts for space- and cross-space elasticities as well as vertical shelf positions. A specialized heuristic solves the model efficiently and returns near-optimal results. The second essay builds on the optimization model developed in the first essay and conducts extensive numerical analyses to examine the impact of cross-space elasticities on optimal shelf quantities. The essay shows that cross-space elasticities have a negligible impact on space decisions. Therefore, the complex measurement as well as the development of corresponding optimization models are of minor relevance for future research.
The third and fifth essay extend the optimization model from the first essay by integrating adjacent decision problems. The third essay accounts for the assortment decision, i.e., supports retailers in selecting the products to offer. Apart from space elasticities, the model accounts for substitution behavior in case items are unavailable and shows that both demand effects reinforce each other, which is why they should be accounted for simultaneously. The fifth essay shows how retails can furthermore guarantee the efficient replenishment of shelves and examines the impact of the availability of a backroom on optimal shelf quantities.
The fourth essay improves the algorithm developed for the optimization model from the third essay. The improved heuristic yields higher retail profits in shorter runtime.
This cumulative dissertation consists of five contributions considering different research questions in the field of multi- and omni-channel retailing and retail logistics.
The first contribution provides an overview of the areas of multi- and omni-channel retail logistics which have already been explored up to and including the year 2015. The focus is on empirical research published in academic journals. The findings are used to derive future areas of research which are addressed in the remainder of this dissertation.
The focus of the contributions 2 and 3 is on retailing with non-perishable goods (non-food retailing). On the one hand, the transition from a channel-specific and thus separated multi-channel logistics system towards a channel-integrated omni-channel logistics system is described and analyzed (contribution 2). On the other hand, retailers who have put time and effort into the integration of their sales channels are striving to use their integrated channels as best as possible, too. Because of the higher sales generated by customers on multiple channels, retailers steer their customers through the channels and use specific methods for order processing and logistics to their advantage (contribution 3).
Contributions 4 and 5 are especially concerned with food retailing on multiple distribution channels. On the one hand, a framework for the delivery of grocery on the last mile to the customer is presented (contribution 4) and on the other hand a supply-chain-wide perspective is taken in order to pinpoint logistics networks and network structures for different geographic regions and order volumes in omni-channel grocery retailing (contribution 5).
With this cumulative dissertation unexplored research in the field of multi- and omni-channel retail logistics is addressed. The overall contribution of this work is to analyze and solve challenges faced by retailers in terms of logistical integration and handling of multiple channels. Both the retail context (food and non-food) as well as a specific topic within this context are focused. In addition, value is added for practitioners in retail enterprises by depicting concrete recommendations in each of the individual contributions. By publishing in international academic journals the research results are made accessible to a broad readership and thus help to understand and solve logistical challenges in dealing with multiple channels in a retail company.