TY - THES A1 - Mußemann, Victoria T1 - Constructional competition - preposition stranding and pied-piping in World Englishes N2 - Adopting a combination of Usage-based Construction Grammar and New Englishes approaches, the present study explores the constructional competition between preposition stranding (What is he talking about?) and pied-piping (About what is he talking?) in 12 varieties of English at different stages of Schneider’s (2007) Dynamic Model in order to gain more insights into the cognitive principles underlying the evolution of postcolonial Englishes. Analyzing 10,079 tokens from the International Corpus of English (ICE) and using mixed-effects logistic regression analysis, the study investigates whether the strength of processing factors and stylistic variables is correlated with Dynamic Model stages. Moreover, drawing on Hierarchical Configural Frequency Analysis (HCFA) and Large Number of Rare Events (LNRE) models, it tests Hoffmann’s (2021) Dynamic Model Productivity hypothesis, which predicts that more advanced varieties should exhibit a higher productivity of constructional slots, while varieties at lower stages of evolution should rely more on a small set of prototypical fillers. The results are largely in line with Hoffmann’s (2011) analysis of preposition placement, which found that Kenyan English is more strongly affected by processing constraints than British English, while stylistic variables have a weaker effect in the L2 variety. Even though processing constraints turn out to strongly affect the constructional choices of speakers of all varieties, less advanced varieties are more likely to use pied-piped WH-interrogative constructions with adjunct PPs, which suggests that varieties at lower stages of evolution have a stronger preference for constructions that facilitate parsing in contexts in which the processing load is not maximal. Furthermore, in line with the frequent claim that New Englishes are characterized by a lack of register distinctions, the strength of stylistic variables turns out to be correlated with Dynamic Model stages. While Phases IV and V have formal pied-piped and informal stranded finite WH-relative clause constructions, Phase III only has the pied-piped variant. This effect can be attributed to two factors: the formal input that is typical of postcolonial Englishes, and the processing complexity of stranding constructions. That preposition stranding is less deeply entrenched in varieties at lower stages is also indicated by the fact that the slots of stranding constructions show a higher productivity in varieties at higher developmental stages, whereas less advanced varieties rely more on entrenched verb-preposition strings (e.g. refer to) and WH + P combinations (e.g. what…about). At the same time, earlier Dynamic Model phases exhibit more variation in the preposition slot of pied-piped finite WH-relative clause constructions, which can be attributed to the weaker entrenchment of constructions and a preference for explicit and transparent form-meaning pairings in these varieties. In sum, the results suggest that differences between the construction networks of varieties at different evolutionary stages result from a complex interplay of processing factors, input effects, second-language learning principles and, at least to a certain degree, cross-linguistic influence. In addition, the study shows that varieties of the same phase pattern very similarly in terms of their constructional choices, which provides support for Schneider’s (2007) classification of varieties according to Dynamic Model stages. KW - Englisch KW - World Englishes KW - Präposition KW - Wortstellung KW - Syntax KW - construction grammar KW - dynamic model KW - preposition placement KW - New Englishes KW - processing factors KW - Alternation Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-9289 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bienstein, Henrik Maria T1 - Reasoning, investigating, and overcoming employee silence in professional service firms BT - [cumulative dissertation] N2 - This cumulative dissertation examines the phenomenon of employee silence in professional service firms (PSFs). Although both research streams are independently well-established areas of organizational research, there has been a lack of research investigating the withholding of information, problems, or concerns in the knowledge-intensive context of PSFs. This thesis starts the academic and practitioner discourse about it and opens a multitude of further research opportunities. The first manuscript draws on a literature-based and conceptual approach to examine the intersections of PSF and silence research. It identifies characteristics of PSFs that lead to employee silence and derives research propositions about the links between PSFs and silence. By applying a multi-method research approach, the second manuscript empirically investigates the extent to which employee silence is prevalent in PSFs. It determines PSF-specific antecedents fostering the unfavorable phenomenon and professionals' motives to remain silent. The third manuscript takes a grounded-theory approach to examine how employee silence in PSFs can be prevented or reduced. It develops overarching fields of action and concrete measures that help practitioners overcome employee silence. KW - Kommunikationsverhalten KW - Schweigen KW - Unternehmensbezogene Dienstleistung KW - Professional Service Firms KW - Employee Silence KW - Organisationskultur KW - Organisationsstruktur KW - Organisationsverhalten Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-9303 ER - TY - THES A1 - Weigelin, Max T1 - Organisierte Situativität – eine Ethnografie von Schiedsrichter*in und Schiedsrichterwesen im Verbandsfußball N2 - Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass sich in der Figur der Fußballschiedsrichter*in Situativität und Organisationalität des Sozialen in anregender Weise vermischen, untersucht die Arbeit die situative Platzordnung des Fußballspiels und das Schiedsrichterwesen des Verbands mit organisationsethnografischen Mitteln. Das Fußballspiel wird so mikro- und kultursoziologisch neu erschlossen von ihrer Schiedsrichter*in und ihrer eigentümlich umstrittenen und situationistischen Bürokratie aus. Praxistheorie wird auf Probleme der Organisationssoziologie hin orientiert, wobei Erving Goffmans Konzept der Schnittstellen von Interaktionsordnung und Sozialstruktur eine Schlüsselrolle zugewiesen wird. KW - Sportsoziologie KW - Soziologie KW - Organisationssoziologie KW - Fußball KW - Schiedsrichter KW - Praxeologie KW - Goffman, Erving KW - Praxistheorie KW - Ethnografie Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-9324 ER - TY - THES A1 - Aretz, Sabine T1 - (Re-)Placing the #MeToo movement: power, shame, and autobiographical narratives N2 - This thesis discusses the #MeToo movement as a political and social protest movement that responds to the dynamics of sexualized violence with collectivized autobiographical narratives. It is a response to the processes of de-placing, which are perhaps most visible in the properties of shame. De-placing is a key concept in this thesis, describing an (affective) inability to speak or be heard. A feminist analysis of shame outlines it as a mechanism of hegemonic patriarchal power dynamics, facilitating the placelessness of victims of sexualized violence. However, a feminist analysis of both shame and power also demands room for resistance. The possibilities of resistance are explored as processes of re-placing. This analysis is placed in the center of a (feminist) tension between disempowerment and empowerment, proposing a conceptual approach that embraces a productive tension in the #MeToo movement. The #MeToo movement constructs itself on the basis of autobiographical narratives; some as short as a Tweet and others as long as a memoir. Thus, this thesis explores the productive ambivalence between narratives of shame/de-placing and agency/re-placing through literary analysis. These readings focus on how #MeToo literature negotiates narratives of shame and shame resistance – powerlessness and empowerment – through digital spheres, the courtroom, and the site of abuse. The autobiographical narratives that dynamically construct the #MeToo movement dismantle the de-placing properties of shame in their collectivized demand to (agentically) be in place. Yet, these narratives reveal the limits of (affective) agency vis-à-vis the hegemonic patriarchal power dynamics they respond to. As this tension remains unresolved, it can only lead to a discussion of and need for pure feminist rage. N2 - In dieser Arbeit wird die #MeToo-Bewegung als eine politische und soziale Protestbewegung aufgefasst, die auf die Dynamik sexualisierter Gewalt mit kollektivierten autobiografischen Erzählungen reagiert. #MeToo ist eine Antwort auf die Prozesse der ‚Entortung,‘ die vielleicht am deutlichsten in den Eigenschaften der Scham/Schande sichtbar werden. ‚Entortung‘ („de-placing“) ist ein Schlüsselbegriff in dieser Arbeit, der die (affektive) Unfähigkeit beschreibt sich Gehör zu verschaffen; sprich: politisch stattzufinden. Eine feministische Analyse von Scham/Schande beschreibt diese als einen Mechanismus hegemonialer patriarchaler Machtdynamik, auf denen die Ortlosigkeit von Opfern sexualisierter Gewalt fußt. Eine feministische Analyse sowohl von Scham als auch von Macht fordert jedoch auch Raum für Widerstand. Die Möglichkeiten des Widerstands werden als Prozesse der Neuverortung erforscht. Diese Arbeit situiert sich im Zentrum einer (feministischen) Spannung zwischen Entmachtung und Ermächtigung und schlägt einen konzeptionellen Ansatz vor, der eine produktive Spannung in der #MeToo-Bewegung aufgreift. Die #MeToo-Bewegung konstruiert sich selbst auf der Grundlage autobiografischer Erzählungen, von denen einige so kurz wie ein Tweet und andere so lang wie Memoiren sind. In dieser Arbeit wird die produktive Ambivalenz zwischen Erzählungen von Scham/Entortung und Handlungsfähigkeit/Neuverortung durch literarische Analyse untersucht. Diese Lektüre konzentriert sich darauf, wie die #MeToo-Literatur Geschichten von Scham und Schamwiderstand, Machtlosigkeit und Ermächtigung, in digitalen Sphären, im Gerichtssaal und am Ort des Missbrauchs verhandelt. Die autobiografischen Erzählungen, die die #MeToo-Bewegung dynamisch konstruieren, demontieren die entortenden Eigenschaften der Scham in ihrer kollektivierten Forderung, stattzufinden. Dennoch offenbaren diese Narrative die Grenzen der (affektiven) Handlungsfähigkeit angesichts der hegemonialen patriarchalen Machtdynamik, auf die sie reagieren. Da diese Spannung ungelöst bleibt, kann sie nur zu einer Diskussion über und Notwendigkeit von feministischer Wut führen. KW - Feministische Literaturwissenschaft KW - MeToo KW - Autobiografie KW - Vergewaltigung KW - Scham KW - displacement KW - power KW - sexual abuse KW - #MeToo movement KW - #MeToo literature KW - Protestbewegung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-9357 ER - TY - THES A1 - Koziol, Karin T1 - Adaptive destination governance BT - ein neues Gestaltungsverständnis zur Anpassung von Destinationen N2 - Eine Anpassung an sich verändernde Rahmenbedingungen ist ein wesentlicher Treiber für die Entwicklung von Wirtschaftsräumen und nimmt auch bei der Entwicklung von touristischen Destinationen eine wichtige Rolle ein. Neben kurzfristig auftretenden Ereignissen (z.B. Umweltkatastrophen) tragen auch die globalen Megatrends wie der digitale, demografische oder der Klimawandel zu einer Veränderung der Destinationsstrukturen bei. Dennoch zeigen empirische Studien, dass eine dauerhaft angelegte Anpassung bislang eher in den Hintergrund des strategischen Destinationsmanagements rückt und Probleme häufig in der Implementierung von Prozessen zu finden sind. Problematisch daran ist jedoch, dass eine strategische Anpassung häufig erst dann Dringlichkeit erlangt, wenn die Veränderungen bereits eingetreten oder unumkehrbar sind. Diese Ausgangssituation wird zusätzlich dadurch verschärft, dass Veränderungen nicht einzeln, sondern parallel zutage treten, deren Auswirkungen sich wechselseitig verstärken können. Setzt man den Einfluss einer stetigen Dynamik voraus, so muss angenommen werden, dass sich auch die Anpassungserfordernisse in Destinationen kontinuierlich über die Zeit verändern. Um die bestehenden Strukturen einer Destination an die Veränderungsdynamiken anzugleichen, bedarf es somit an Flexibilität, Lernbereitschaft und eines gewissen experimentellen Verständnisses. Ein solcher Zustand der Reflexivität ist aber nur dann zu erreichen, wenn auch die Strukturen und Prozesse im Governance-System offen angelegt sind und eine laufende Abstimmung sowie kritische Reflexion von Entscheidungen ermöglichen. Adaptive Governance-Formen gelten demnach als wichtige Einflussparameter einer flexiblen Anpassung. Um die Problematik zur Gestaltung von Anpassungsprozessen tiefer zu erforschen, nähert sich diese Dissertation aus Sicht der Adaptive Governance-Forschung an und versucht die zentralen Erkenntnisse auf die Destinationsforschung zur übertragen. Im Fokus steht hierbei die Untersuchungsfrage: Welche Eigenschaften einer Adaptive Governance lassen sich im Destinationskontext identifizieren und inwieweit tragen sie dazu bei, den Prozess der Anpassung dauerhaft zu bewältigen? Mit der Beantwortung dieser Frage möchte die Dissertation die Relevanz des Adaptive Governance Ansatzes für die Tourismusforschung untersuchen. Ziel ist es zu prüfen, inwieweit das Konzept der Adaptive Governance zur Bewertung und Gestaltung von Anpassungsprozessen auf Destinationsebene geeignet ist. Die auf Grundlage der Literaturstudie ermittelten Bestimmungsfaktoren einer Adaptive Governance dienen aus empirischer Sicht als analytischer Rahmen zur Beschreibung der bestehenden Strukturen und Gestaltungsprozesse und unterstützen dabei, die destinationsspezifischen Anforderungen abzuleiten. Für die Durchführung der empirischen Untersuchung wurde die vergleichende Fallstudie als qualitativ-interpretative Forschungsmethode ausgewählt. Verschiedene Anpassungsprozesse im Untersuchungsraum Bayern bilden hierbei den Untersuchungsgegenstand. Das Untersuchungsdesign folgt einem zweistufigen Vorgehen: Erstens, diente eine explorative Vorstudie dem Ziel geeignete Untersuchungsfälle zu identifizieren und relevante Anpassungsthemen in der Praxis bayerischer Destinationen zu ermitteln. In der zweiten Stufe erfolgte die Mehrfallstudie basierend auf den vier ausgewählten Fällen Fränkisches Seenland, Bad Hindelang, Chiemsee-Chiemgau und Fichtelgebirge. Für die Auswertung der 31 qualitativen, leitfadengestützten Interviews wurde das Analyseverfahren GABEK® eingesetzt, die es ermöglicht, Einflussfaktoren und Kausalmechanismen zu identifizieren. Die Ergebnisdarstellung erfolgte sowohl Einzelfallspezifisch als auch fallübergreifend. Die zentralen Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass die Funktion eines handlungsfeldübergreifenden Kümmerers, der den Wandel aktiv begleitet sowie Aspekte des Lernens und Reflektierens eine große Rolle im Destinationsgeschehen Bayerns einnehmen. Jedoch mangelt es vielfach an Kontinuität und eines adäquaten institutionellen Rahmens, solche Lernmechanismen zu unterstützen. Der Mehrwert zur Berücksichtigung der Adaptive Governance Prinzipien im vorherrschenden Destination Governance Verständnis besteht also darin, dieses um ein stärker reflexives Verständnis zu erweitern und dadurch die Anpassungsfähigkeit einer Destinationsgemeinschaft dauerhaft zu stärken. Die Arbeit macht aber auch deutlich, dass Destinationen nur dann eine Adaptive Destination Governance hervorbringen können, wenn es ihnen auch gelingt, den Kompromiss zwischen langfristiger Kontinuität sowie dynamischer Flexibilität zu finden. N2 - Adapting to changing conditions is a key driver for the development of economic areas and also plays an important role in the development of tourist destinations. In addition to short-term events (e.g. environmental disasters), global megatrends such as digital, demographic and climate change also contribute to changes in destination structures. Nevertheless, empirical studies show that long-term adaptation has so far tended to be neglected in strategic destination management and that problems are often found in the implementation of processes. Strategic adaptation often only becomes urgent once the changes have already occurred or are irreversible. This initial situation is further exacerbated by the fact that changes do not occur individually, but in parallel, and their effects can reinforce each other. Assuming the influence of a constant dynamic, it must be assumed that the adaptation requirements in destinations also change continuously over time. In order to adapt the existing structures of a destination to the dynamics of change, flexibility, willingness to learn and an experimental understanding are required. However, such a state of reflexivity can only be achieved if the structures and processes in the governance system are open and enable ongoing coordination and critical reflection of decisions. Adaptive forms of governance are therefore considered important parameters for flexible adaptation. In order to explore the problem of shaping adaptation processes in greater depth, this thesis approaches the subject from the perspective of adaptive governance research and attempts to transfer the key findings to destination research. The focus is on the research question: Which characteristics of adaptive governance can be identified in the destination context and to what extent do they contribute to managing the process of adaptation in the long term? By answering this question, the doctoral thesis aims to examine the relevance of the adaptive governance approach for tourism research. The aim is to examine the extent to which the concept of adaptive governance is suitable for evaluating and shaping adaptation processes at destination level. From an empirical perspective, the determining factors of adaptive governance identified on the basis of the literature study serve as an analytical framework for describing existing structures and design processes and support the derivation of destination-specific requirements. The comparative case study was applied for the empirical study. Various adaptation processes in Bavaria form the object of research. The study design follows a two-stage procedure: Firstly, an explorative preliminary study served the purpose of identifying suitable cases for investigation and determining relevant adaptation topics in the practice of Bavarian destinations. In the second stage, the multi-case study was carried out based on the four selected cases. The GABEK® analysis method was used to evaluate the 31 qualitative, guideline-based interviews, making it possible to identify influencing factors and causal mechanisms. The results were presented both on a case-specific and cross-case basis. The key findings of the study show that the function of a caretaker who actively supports change across all fields of action and aspects of learning and reflection play a major role in the case studies. However, there is often a lack of continuity and an adequate institutional framework to support such learning mechanisms. The added value of taking adaptive governance principles into account in the prevailing understanding of destination governance is therefore to expand it to include a more reflective understanding and thereby strengthen the adaptability of a destination community in the long term. However, the study shows that destinations can only create adaptive destination governance if they succeed in finding a compromise between long-term continuity and dynamic flexibility. KW - Tourismusforschung KW - Destinationsmarketing KW - Governance KW - Anpassung KW - Interview KW - GABEK KW - Fränkisches Seenland KW - Bad Hindelang KW - Chiemgau KW - Fichtelgebirge Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-9370 ER - TY - THES A1 - Koloch, Luisa T1 - Work in progress: investigating the Future of Work BT - [cumulative dissertation] N2 - This cumulative dissertation contributes to the research stream Future of Work and focuses on alternative workplace arrangements, especially when employees rely on information and communication technologies to communicate virtual feedback. More specifically, this dissertation addresses (1) the various conceptualizations and terminologies which researchers use for analyzing alternative work arrangements since the 1970s, (2) the multidimensional nature of virtual feedback, its effects on an individual and team level as well as the underlying cognitive processes when receiving virtual feedback, and (3) the effect of feedback on performance improvement when teams receive in-person or virtual feedback. This results in the following three manuscripts: Manuscript 1: Schäfer, B., Koloch, L., Storai, D., Gunkel, M., & Kraus, S. (2023). Alternative workplace arrangements: Tearing down the walls of a conceptual labyrinth. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, Vol. 8, 100352. Manuscript 2: Koloch, L., Goldmann, P., Schäfer, B., & Ringlstetter, M. (2023). Feedbacking research on virtual feedback: A literature review. Manuscript 3: Koloch, L. (2023). Is virtual feedback less effective than in-person feedback for improving team performance? An experimental study. KW - Arbeitsplatzgestaltung KW - Telearbeit KW - Bürokommunikation KW - Kommunikationstechnik KW - Alternative workplace arrangements KW - Virtual feedback KW - Team performance KW - Rückmeldung KW - Performance Management Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-9416 ER - TY - THES A1 - Marinozzi, Diego T1 - The Eigen-Sinn of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Argentina (1950-1984) and under the Nazis (1933-1945) N2 - How can we understand the social behavior of Jehovah’s Witnesses under the persecution they suffered during the last military dictatorship in Argentina (1976-1983)? Were they part of the resistance to the regime? What is the substantial historiographical contribution of a comparison between National Socialism and the last military dictatorship in Argentina? These are the questions which shape this dissertation. The Jehovah’s Witnesses were the only Christian religious group which was banned and persecuted by the militaries in the 1970s. This research reconstructs their experiences and, most important, how they perceived them. In other words, it is the aim of this research to describe the Eigen-Sinn of Jehovah’s Witnesses. Coined by Alf Lüdtke to analyze the ambiguous behavior of the German working class during the first half of the XX century, Eigen-Sinn is a concept for understanding individual behaviors and actions in relation with power and domination. The NS Regime was a central element in the Eigen-Sinn of the Jehovah’s Witnesses in Argentina in 1970s. For them, the hostile measures of the military regime was a revival of the persecution suffered by their coreligionists in Europe under the NS Regime. Based on this interpretation, the European experiences shaped the social behavior of the Jehovah’s Witnesses in Argentina by providing them an interpretative framework which was central at the moment of facing the military regime. This parallel between the European and Argentinean experiences is specially relevant for the Argentinean historiography, where the discussion about the nature of the military regime is still open. Due to the atrocities committed by the Argentinean militaries, this dictatorship is categorized, by some scholars, among the genocides of the XX century. This research shares light in this open discussion by comparing the military regime in Argentina with the NS dictatorship not from a theoretical approach but from an empirical research about the historical experiences of Jehovah’s Witnesses under both regimes. KW - Zeugen Jehovas KW - Argentinien KW - Geschichte 1950-1984 KW - Militärdiktatur KW - Nationalsozialismus KW - Religiöse Verfolgung KW - Sozialverhalten KW - Eigensinn KW - Geschichtsschreibung KW - Vergleich Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-9501 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hellmann, Sebastian T1 - Modeling the complex relationship between task difficulty, accuracy, response time, and confidence BT - [cumulative dissertation] N2 - Confidence, a subjective evaluation about the correctness of one's own decision, is influenced by many aspects of the decision itself, for example the level of difficulty. Empirically, the time it takes to make a decision is also related to confidence, such that faster decisions are usually accompanied with higher confidence compared to slower decisions. The mathematical framework of sequential sampling models offers a way to formalize a unified theory of the complex relationship between task difficulty, response times, and confidence judgments. The three studies in this thesis utilized the sequential sampling framework to yield insight into the decision dynamics and computations that give rise to confidence judgments in perceptual decisions. In Study 1 and 2, a variety of dynamical confidence models are compared with respect to their fit to empirical data from experiments comprising different visual discrimination tasks with a difficulty manipulation. In Study 1, I formulated the dynamical weighted evidence and visibility (dynWEV) model and in Study 2, I refined the model to the dynamical visibility, time, and evidence model (dynaViTE) model. The dynaViTE model describes the decision process as a drift diffusion model. In addition, dynaViTE assumes a period of post-decisional accumulation of evidence and a parallel accumulation of visibility evidence, which accrues evidence about task difficulty. In dynaViTE, confidence is determined by a combination of decision evidence and visibility evidence in the form of a weighted sum, penalized by the duration of evidence accumulation. In Study 1, I compared different dynamical confidence models, which are based on either a race of accumulators or the drift diffusion model, on their fit to data from two experiments comprising different visual discrimination tasks with a difficulty manipulation. The newly proposed dynWEV model outperformed all competitors suggesting that confidence is not only determined by evidence about stimulus identity but is influenced by independent evidence about task difficulty, which is conveyed by choice-irrelevant stimulus features. Study 2 examined the role of the duration of evidence accumulation in the computation of confidence. Theoretically supported by a formal analysis of confidence in a Bayesian optimal observer model, I generalized the dynWEV model to include a penalization of the time it takes to accumulate evidence and form a decision in the computation of confidence, resulting in the dynaViTE model. The dynaViTE model is compared against three of its special cases that either ignore accumulation time, visibility evidence, or both accumulation time and visibility evidence in the computation of confidence. We used previously published empirical data from four experiments, three visual discrimination tasks with a difficulty manipulation, and one visual two-alternative forced choice task with a difficulty and a speed-accuracy manipulation. The results suggest that human observers indeed explicitly consider accumulation time when making confidence judgments. However, depending on the task at hand, either visibility accumulation or accumulation time may be less relevant in the formation of confidence, which suggests that some stimuli or experimental tasks leads to different strategies in confidence computations. The third study showcases the R package dynConfiR, which includes an implementation of several dynamical confidence models together with high-level functions for parameter estimation and prediction of response time distributions. The package offers an efficient and intuitive model fitting function, which simplifies the workflow for modeling studies with confidence and response time data to calling a few lines of code. Thus, the dynConfiR package provides useful tools for analyzing response time and confidence data across a variety of experiments. In sum, the dynaViTE model forms a computational model, which formalizes the relationship between task difficulty, choice, response time, and confidence judgment. The dynaViTE model extends previous theories of confidence by including the parallel assessment of independent evidence about task difficulty and the incorporation of accumulation time in the computation of confidence. The studies presented in this thesis deliver substantial evidence in supporting both features, the parallel accumulation of visibility and the incorporation of accumulation time in the computation of confidence. This thesis thus forms an important contribution to the growing research on decision mechanics and confidence and thereby improve our understanding how confidence arises in perceptual decisions. KW - Kognitive Psychologie KW - Mathematische Psychologie KW - Wahrnehmung KW - Entscheidungsfindung KW - Konfidenzintervall KW - Aufmerksamkeitsumfang KW - Statistik KW - Mathematische Methode KW - Bayes-Entscheidungstheorie KW - Kognitiver Prozess Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-9527 ER - TY - THES A1 - Klein, Christian T1 - Wahrheit in religiösen Sprachspielen nach Wittgenstein N2 - Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht den Wahrheitsbegriff Wittgensteins und dessen Bedeutung für die religiöse Rede. Dabei steht das Spätwerk Wittgensteins im Vordergrund ohne die Wurzeln im Frühwerk zu leugnen. Vor allem die Betrachtung von Riten, Wissensbegriff, Lernvorgang und Sprachspielfunktionen erweist sich hierbei als fruchtbar. Die Position der Theologie wird im Ergebnis zwischen Mut und Demut verortet. KW - Wittgenstein, Ludwig KW - Sprachspiel KW - Philosophie der Logik KW - Sprachphilosophie KW - Wahrheitstheorie Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-8728 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rave, Alexander T1 - Mathematische Modelle und Metaheuristiken zur Optimierung der Transportplanung von Drohnen BT - Fallbeispiele in der Paketauslieferung und im Gesundheitswesen [kumulative Dissertation] N2 - Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation befasst sich mit vier Problemstellungen der Transportplanung im Falle der Übernahme des Paket- und Medikamententransports durch Lieferwagen und Drohnen. Der erste Beitrag thematisiert die Fahrzeugflottenplanung und Zuweisung von Drohnen zu Mikrodepots, wenn Lieferwagen und Drohnen den Transport von Paketen in der letzten Meile übernehmen. Im Vordergrund stehen die taktischen Entscheidungen, welche Kombination von Auslieferungsformen mit Lieferwagen und Drohnen optimal wäre sowie die Ausgestaltung der Fahrzeugflotte. Die Problemstellung wird als gemischt-ganzzahliges lineares Programm (MILP) modelliert. Zudem wird eine adaptive große Nachbarschaftssuche (ALNS) eingeführt, die neue problemspezifische Operatoren beinhaltet. Der zweite Beitrag fokussiert sich auf die operative Tourenplanung eines Lieferwagens, welcher mit mehreren Drohnen ausgerüstet ist. Hierfür wird ein effizientes MILP entwickelt, welches ein kommerzieller Solver schneller lösen kann als vergleichbare MILPs für eine Ein-Drohnen Problematik aus der Literatur. Der dritte Beitrag optimiert die simultane Bestands- und Tourenplanung für die Belieferung von Krankenhäusern unter der Berücksichtigung ihrer Lagerhaltungspolitiken. Es wird analysiert, welchen Einfluss Drohnen als Vehikel für Notfalltransporte zur Vermeidung von Fehlmengen haben. Die Problemstellung wird als zweistufiges stochastisches Programm präsentiert und eine problemspezifische ALNS wird entwickelt, welche einen innovativen Algorithmus zur Bestimmung von Bestellpunkten innerhalb der Lagerhaltungspolitiken beinhaltet. Der vierte Beitrag thematisiert die Ausgestaltung der Drohnenflotte für die Belieferung von Apotheken und Krankenwagen im Einsatz durch einen Großhändler. Hierfür wird die Drohnenflotte in einer ereignisdiskreten Simulationsstudie hinsichtlich der Kosten bzw. der CO2-Emissionen optimiert. N2 - This cumulative dissertation addresses four problems in transportation planning in the case of delivery trucks and drones taking over parcel and medicine delivery. The first paper covers vehicle fleet planning and assignment of drones to microdepots when both trucks and drones can handle the last-mile delivery of packages. The focus is on tactical decisions as to which combination of delivery methods with trucks and drones is optimal, as well as the number of trucks, drones, and microdepots used. The problem is modeled as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). In addition, an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) is introduced, which includes new problem-specific operators. The second paper focuses on optimizing the operational routing of a truck that is equipped with multiple drones. For this purpose, an efficient MILP has been developed, which a commercial solver can solve faster than comparable MILPs from the literature for a one-drone problem. The third paper simultaneously optimizes inventory and routing for clinic supplies, while taking their inventory policies into account. The influence of drones as vehicles for emergency transport to avoid shortages is analyzed. The problem is presented as a two-stage stochastic program, and a problem-specific ALNS is developed, which includes an innovative algorithm for determining reorder points within the inventory policies. The fourth paper covers the design of drone fleets for deliveries to pharmacies and ambulances at service by a wholesaler. For this purpose, the cost- or CO2-emission-minimal drone fleet is determined in a discrete-event simulation optimization. T2 - Mathematical models and metaheuristics for optimizing the transportation planning of drones: Case studies in parcel delivery and healthcare services [cumulative dissertation] KW - Operations Research KW - Supply Chain Management KW - Drohne KW - Arzneimittelversorgung KW - Transportplanung KW - Tourenplanung KW - Gemischt-ganzzahlige Optimierung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-8758 ER -