@phdthesis{Obermaier2004, author = {Obermaier, Gabriele}, title = {Die Akzeptanz des Internets im Geographieunterricht}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus-591}, school = {Katholische Universit{\"a}t Eichst{\"a}tt-Ingolstadt}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Die Akzeptanz des Internets im Geographieunterricht Das Internet bietet f{\"u}r den Geographieunterricht immense inhaltliche Ressourcen und ein H{\"o}chstmaß an Flexibilit{\"a}t, da das Angebot unabh{\"a}ngig von Raum und Zeit ist. Außerdem sollen Lernprozesse und Lernergebnisse durch eine hohe Lernmotivation der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler sowie durch multimediale, selbstgesteuerte und/oder kooperative Lernformen verbessert werden. Trotz dieser Vorteile haben fr{\"u}here Untersuchungen gezeigt, dass das Internet im Geographieunterricht nicht den Stellenwert einnimmt, den es haben k{\"o}nnte. Die im Folgenden dargestellte Untersuchung geht der Frage nach, inwieweit die Lehrkr{\"a}fte das Internet im privaten und im schulischen Bereich - sowohl in der Unterrichtsvorbereitung als auch im Einsatz im Geographieunterricht - akzeptieren und welche Faktoren unterst{\"u}tzend oder hemmend auf die Entwicklung der Akzeptanz wirken. Zus{\"a}tzlich wird untersucht, wie die Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler das Internet als Medium im Geographieunterricht annehmen. Das Untersuchungsdesign umfasst quantitative (Fragebogen) und qualitative Methoden (Interviews). Insgesamt wurden 118 Lehrkr{\"a}fte und 394 Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler befragt. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung k{\"o}nnen folgendermaßen zusammengefasst werden. Die Gesamtakzeptanz des Internets ist im privaten Kontext sowohl bei den Lehrkr{\"a}ften als auch bei den Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern sehr hoch bzw. hoch (Lehrer: 84,3 \%; Sch{\"u}ler: 69,0 \%). Im schulischen Kontext bietet sich bei den Gesamtakzeptanzen ein differenziertes Bild. Fast die H{\"a}lfte der Lehrkr{\"a}fte akzeptiert das Internet im Kontext „Vorbereitung des Geographieunterricht" (45,1 \%), aber nur ein sehr geringer Anteil akzeptiert es auch im Kontext „Einsatz im Geographieunterricht" (9,8 \%). Bei der Gruppe der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler akzeptieren es 47,5 \% im schulischen Kontext (f{\"u}r Hausaufgaben, Referate, sonstige Informationssuche). Unterst{\"u}tzend auf den Einsatz des Internets im Geographieunterricht wirkt sich besonders die Kompetenz der Bedienung des Computerraums aus, die Kenntnis didaktischer Konzepte und die Einstellung, dass das Internet den Unterricht bereichert. Hemmend auf den Einsatz wirken sich besonders die Einstellung, dass das Unterrichtsgeschehen beim Einsatz des Internets nicht mehr gen{\"u}gend kontrolliert werden kann und die Einstellung, dass Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler nur ziellos im Internet herumsurfen, aus. In der qualitativen Lehreruntersuchung konnten vier Akzeptanztypen herausgearbeitet werden, von denen jedoch nur ein Typ das Internet als festen Bestandteil in seinen Geographieunterricht aufgenommen hat (Typ IV Nutzer-Enthusiast). Die anderen Typen stehen dem Interneteinsatz mehr oder weniger distanziert gegen{\"u}ber. Der Typ I setzt das Internet nicht ein, weil er {\"u}ber keinerlei Internetkenntnisse verf{\"u}gt und auch keinen eigenen Internetanschluss besitzt. Der Typ II verf{\"u}gt zwar {\"u}ber Internetkenntnisse, setzt es aber trotzdem nicht ein. Dies hat zwei Gr{\"u}nde, einerseits wegen seiner eigenen Unsicherheit und andererseits wegen des Gef{\"u}hls, keine Kontrolle {\"u}ber das Unterrichtsgeschehen zu haben. Der Typ III hat das Internet im Geographieunterricht schon eingesetzt, ist aber von seinem Nutzen nicht so sehr {\"u}berzeugt, dass er es weiter regelm{\"a}ßig verwenden w{\"u}rde. F{\"u}r diese verschiedenen Nutzertypen (I - III) sind unterschiedliche Konzepte erforderlich, damit sie das Internet in ihrem Unterricht einsetzen bzw. {\"o}fter einsetzen. Insgesamt kann festgestellt werden, dass der Einsatz des Internets im Geographieunterricht zwar nur sporadisch erfolgt, jedoch h{\"a}ufiger als in nahezu allen anderen Unterrichtsf{\"a}chern.}, subject = {Akzeptanz}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Tayierjiang2015, author = {Tayierjiang, Aishan}, title = {Degraded Tugai Forests under rehabilitation in the Tarim riparian ecosystem, Northwest China: monitoring, assessing and modelling}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-2938}, school = {Katholische Universit{\"a}t Eichst{\"a}tt-Ingolstadt}, pages = {XIX, 130 Seiten : Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The Tarim River, located along the northern and eastern borders of the Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang, Northwest China, is about 1320 km long and thus one of the longest continental inland waterways in the world. In an undisturbed state, it is accompanied on both sides by floodplain forests of Euphrates Poplar (Populus euphratica Oliv.), also known as "Tugai Vegetation" or "Tugai Forests". These forests form typical desert riparian forests as the so-called "Green Corridor" and prevent the two deserts, the Taklamakan and the Kuruk-Tagh, from merging together. At present, large areas that were originally P. euphratica riparian forests have disappeared, with the remaining areas in critical condition. Specifically, the greatest threats over the past few decades have been the rising water consumption in the upper and middle reaches and massive hydro-technical interventions (construction of embankments and dams) in the development of uncultivated land (including the direct clearance of forests) for cotton production. These have led to widespread destruction of the natural ecosystems, particularly in the lower reaches of the river where about 320 km of the floodplain forests are either highly degraded or dead as the result of nearly 30 years of river desiccation. As a consequence of these deteriorations, land desertification has been aggravated and has expanded in the region. Because of the challenges facing this ecosystem, restoration measures with the diversion of "Emergency Ecological Water" have been implemented in the affected areas since 2000. This new process of recovery measures needs efficient and extensive long-term monitoring. In this thesis, current restoration measures as implemented to date are presented and hydrological dynamics as a function of water diversion are analysed. The structure, distribution and health statues (referred to as "vitality") of the dominant species Populus euphratica have been monitored by measuring Eco-morphological parameters of more than 5000 trees in two sampling sites (a 100-ha permanent plot and five random sampling plots of 50-m radii) at Arghan village in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. The effects of restoration measures on the revitalization of degraded trees have been analysed and assessed by using individual-based repeated measurements of the tree data. From a long-term point of view, and taking labour intensity and the high cost of tree height measurements into account, a suitable height-diameter model for obtaining the tree height (TH) of P. euphratica based on the diameter at breast-height data (DBH) has been developed and evaluated. The average annual groundwater depth within 300 m of the river channel at different transects (Yingsu, Karday, Arghan) recovered significantly after a second water diversion in 2001. The same rising trend in groundwater level was retained until 2004, started to decline until 2009, and then rose again until the end of the water diversion in 2011. The Mann-Kendall statistical trend test was applied to the mean monthly and annual groundwater depth of six groundwater wells at different distances from the river on the Arghan transect. The trend test for the whole time series period from 2003 to 2011 indicated that there was a statistically significant decreasing trend for all wells, but that from January 2010 to December 2011 the groundwater level in all wells had a statistically significant increase. With the exception of a relatively favourable groundwater depth for floodplain forests within a 150 m distance of the riverbed, the groundwater depth at larger distances remained far below 5 m, causing most forest plants (with the exception of the Tamarix sp.) to suffer from water scarcity. Analyses of forest structure, distribution and health status suggested that a maximum TH of 19 m was found within 0-20 m and 100-200 m of the river. By contrast, a maximum DBH of 126 cm was found within 500-600 m of the river. Trees with a TH of over 15 m and a DBH of over 60 cm appeared sporadically. The maximum CD (crown diameter) of 16.58 cm (one tree) was found next to the river bed. There was a relatively great variation in DBH when compared to TH and other eco-morphological parameters. On average, stand structure tended to be simpler as distance from the river increased. Trees classified as healthy and good accounted for approximately 40 \% of all sample trees, with slightly and highly degraded trees representing nearly 60 \%. Some of the eco-morphological parameters of the trees vary differently with respect to the ecological water diversion measures. In particular, in the vertical (north-south) direction, the farther the trees are from the river, the weaker the response of ecological indicators. These parameters include: tree vitality classes (VS), crown diameter (CD), height to crown (HC), frequency of root suckers, number of young seedlings, and shoot growth, as well as newly developed crown types of P. euphratica trees. Generally, the floodplain forests within 200 m of the riverbed recovered remarkably, and those between 200 and 800 m from the river showed a medium response to the water transfer, while forests further than 800 m away from the riverbed showed lesser signs of recovery. Following the evaluation and comparison of the results from ten commonly used models by means of multiple-model performance criteria (such as asymptotic t-statistics of model parameters, standardized residuals against predicted height, the root-mean-square error (RMSE), Akaike's information criterion (AIC), mean prediction error (ME) and mean absolute error (MAE)), Model (1): TH=1.3+a/(1+b×e^(-c×DBH)) and Model (6): TH=1.3+DBH^2/(a+b×DBH+c×DBH^2) are recommended as suitable choices for approximating the height-diameter relationship of P. euphratica. The limitations of the other models, resulting in poor performance for predicting TH accurately, are also discussed.}, subject = {Tarim}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Aihemaitijiang2016, author = {Aihemaitijiang, Rouzi}, title = {Sustainable land use alternatives in the Tarim Basin, China}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-3044}, school = {Katholische Universit{\"a}t Eichst{\"a}tt-Ingolstadt}, pages = {XV, 115 Seiten : Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This doctoral thesis explores a paradigm of sustainable land use in the oases along the Tarim River of northwest China, where a fragile, semi-arid riparian ecosystem is being deteriorated by excessive land and water use for agriculture, in particular for the growing of cotton. This situation poses a grave threat not only to the natural Tugai vegetation in the area but also to the long-term sustainability of the region. We explore the hypothesis that the species Apocynum pictum may act as a sustainable crop substitute for the region, thereby replacing the water-demanding and widely distributed cash crop, cotton. This idea is motivated by the former having a lower water demand, as well as a number of other traditional and modern uses. To substantiate this hypothesis, a multidisciplinary research scheme has been designed, permitting the analyses of both the ecological and socio-economic potentials of this plant, its potential benefits relative to cotton and a comprehensive analysis of its productivity, water demand and economic potentials. This analysis is divided into three distinct sections. Biomass and nutrient analysis: Field investigations were conducted to sample biomass and map the spatial distribution of Apocynum pictum (abbreviated as A. pictum) at five selected sites. At each site, 3-5 plots were randomly selected and the point center quarter method, as outlined by Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg (1974), was applied for biomass sampling. Concurrently, soil profiles were dug at each site so as to obtain soil samples from the various layers and electrical conductivity was measured as a mean of investigating soil salinity. These steps are essential for determining the physical and production basis for alternative land-use considerations. The results obtained show that the total above-ground biomass ranges from 0.6 t/ha (Qongaral 1) to 1.25 t/ha (Xayar 1), and that the total below-ground biomass of A. pictum is at 11.25 ± 5.41 t/ha. The biomass of A. pictum, relatively moderate when compared to other steppe and desert ecosystems, reflects strains of soil and water conditions for plant growth in desert margins. Evapotranspiration and water budget: Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of water balance and is closely linked to ecosystem productivity. Climate parameters were measured with mobile climate stations to calculate reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) via the Penman-Monteith equation. Diurnal foliar transpiration and conductance were measured with a porometer to calculate canopy resistance. Leaf samples were photographed and analyzed for the leaf area index (LAI) in the study area so as to calculate crop evapotranspiration under standard conditions (ETc) and crop factors (Kc). Finally, the water consumptions of A. pictum and cotton were calculated and compared so as to identify which is better suited for dry environments. The results show that cotton in this study attained a high yield compared to the world average, and at a rather low ETc. Among the three plants tested, A. pictum required the least amount of water during the vegetation season with 217.2 mm a year, while the Chinese red date came close second with 339 mm and cotton was least water-efficient with 524.7 mm, thus demonstrating the viability of A. pictum as an alternative with significant water-saving potential. Economic analysis: Purposive sampling was used, with relevant participants in the study being approached by flow population and snowballing or chain sampling methods. The desired information was then obtained via a structured-questionnaire survey. Three natural resource management types of Apocynum were identified and a cost-revenue analysis was carried out for each. The results show that all three types of institutional arrangements - open access, ranching and farming - are present in our study and at various levels. Apocynum costs 1083.35 Yuan/mu, generates 3267.63 Yuan/mu of revenue from raw materials and brings a profit of 2184 Yuan/mu - the highest among of all three cash crops compared. We conclude that A. pictum offers opportunities for the restoration of vegetation in riparian ecosystems on salinized sites under the arid conditions of the Tarim Basin, while also serving as a viable land-use alternative to cotton for cash crop agriculture, as it may generate a certain income in the form of tea and fibers, as well as fodder for livestock.}, subject = {Tarimbecken}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bader2012, author = {Bader, Malek}, title = {Religious tourism in Jordan: current situation, future developments and prospects : a case study on Islamic and Christian holy sites}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus-1110}, school = {Katholische Universit{\"a}t Eichst{\"a}tt-Ingolstadt}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The purpose of this research study is to analyse the state of the religious tourism product in Jordan from three main perspectives: To present the current state of religious tourism in Jordan through studying the tourism movement in the holy sites and analysing the potentials and future prospects. The relationship between the local community and these sites will be the second perspective from which the researcher will form the study. A third perspective is studying the visitors' satisfaction about the services presented to them and the evaluation of the current state of the selected holy sites, whether they are Islamic or Christian. The study was carried out at the Islamic and Christian sites of Jordan: five Christian holy sites and eight Islamic holy sites. The selection of these sites was based on their religious and tourist significance, both Islamic and Christian. The researcher obtained data by implementing different tools of study and research; most data depend on national and international statistics, indices of tourism and religious tourism in particular. The researcher's observations were a significant tool in this study and he made valuable observations that could play an important role in developing the religious tourism product in the kingdom if they are well implemented. The researcher conducted very fruitful qualitative research (interviews) with officials working in the field of tourism and, in particular, religious tourism, and he did a lot of interviews with visitors, tourists, and pilgrims at the holy sites, local communities around the holy sites, directors of the holy sites, directors of tourism directorates and religious men (Imams or priests). 211 self-completed questionnaires were filled during the study period (from the beginning of May to the end of August 2009) to analyse religious tourism at the sites from many different perspectives. The questionnaires were analysed with the programme SPSS 17.0, and the interviews were analysed with the help of the programme MAXQDA 10. In other words, the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods of research. The overall target of the study was to find answers to the central question whether religious tourism is or can be used as a tool which may help to bring Muslims and Christians in Jordan closer together through a deeper understanding of their common religious heritage. One of the main and important results was about the main aim which shows that the vast majority of those who responded to the questionnaire (83.3\%) believe that understanding common religious heritage is a factor upon which dialogue and a better coexistence between religions can begin to take place in a part of our world which suffers a lot of problems based on religious conflicts. Less than 1\% of the respondents gave a negative answer to this question, which indicates that there are strong feelings for understanding and building relationships based on common religious heritage. This is an important finding because it reiterates the role that common religious heritage has in the promotion of religious sites and the bringing together of people from different religious backgrounds. Christians were found among the Muslims in the Islamic holy sites and vice versa; this encourages the idea of the common religious heritage and its effect on the convergence and understanding between the people of different religions. However, there is one problem and this is related to visitors from Israel, but this is because of the well-known political reasons and not due to religious beliefs of the people. Finally, on the social level and concerning intercultural and religious heritage, the researcher hopes through this project that it will contribute to develop a basis on which it is possible to bring Muslims and Christians in Jordan closer together through a deeper understanding of their common religious heritage.}, subject = {Religion; Wallfahrt; Jordanien; Tourismus}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Betz2021, author = {Betz, Florian}, title = {Biogeomorphology from space}, doi = {10.17904/ku.opus-694}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-6942}, school = {Katholische Universit{\"a}t Eichst{\"a}tt-Ingolstadt}, pages = {xi, 173 Seiten : Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In the arid and semi-arid climate of Central Asia, the endorheic rivers and their ecosystems play a crucial role as regional hotspots of biodiversity and for the provision of ecosystem services for local people. The Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan as the object of interest of this thesis is one of these rivers. On a flow length of more than 600 km, it is still in a widely natural condition making it an interesting study object in a world where most large rivers are distorted by anthropogenic activities. Despite this relevance, no comprehensive scientific studies are available about the Naryn River except water resource related research. In particular, large scale information about the structure and functioning of the Naryn River system from an interdisciplinary perspective is missing. Against this background, this thesis aims to fill the research gap and deliver up-to-date information about the Naryn River corridor with a special focus on biogeomorphology, i.e. the dynamic interaction between hydromorphology and vegetation. First, this thesis delivers the necessary background information about the Naryn River corridor including a general overview, an assessment of ecosystem services, a field based overview of the structure of the riparian ecosystems and an in-depth analysis of hydrology. Basing upon this background, remote sensing methods adapted to the data-scarce environment of Central Asia are used to derive various parameters of the structure of the Naryn River on the scale from reaches to the entire river corridor. Then, the large scale biogeomorphological structures and dynamics are assessed based on dense time series of multispectral satellite imagery. From the results, it becomes obvious that the structure of the corridor of the Naryn River is heterogeneous and mainly controlled by geological contraints. Only in a laterally unconfined segment, dynamic braided river reaches can form. In these reaches, the majority of biogeomorphological interactions take place. The outcome of this thesis is on the one hand the provision of large scale and up-to-date information about the structure and functioning of the Naryn River corridor as a basis for further research or decision making. On the other hand, this thesis presents innovative remote sensing methods for large scale characterization of river corridors. In particular, an approach for the characterization of dynamic processes of biogeomorphological interactions on a large scale is developed based on time series analysis of satellite imagery. This approach can complement biogeomorphological research on smaller spatial scales by delivering spatially and temporally continuous information for entire river corridors. This has the potential to obtain new insights of the processes and emergence of structure in river systems across multiple scales.}, subject = {Aue}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Thiel2013, author = {Thiel, Markus}, title = {Quantifizierung der Konnektivit{\"a}t von Sedimentkaskaden in alpinen Geosystemen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-1081}, school = {Katholische Universit{\"a}t Eichst{\"a}tt-Ingolstadt}, pages = {X, 174 S.}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Die Konnektivit{\"a}t von Sedimentkaskaden beschreibt die Kopplungsbeziehung zwischen den Teilsystemen der Kaskade {\"u}ber sedimentverlagernde Prozesse, sowie das Einwirken dieser Beziehung auf den Sedimenttransportprozess. {\"U}ber diesen Sedimenttransportprozess wiederum bestimmt die Konnektivit{\"a}t wesentlich den Sedimenthaushalt von Einzugsgebieten sowie deren Sensitivit{\"a}t gegen{\"u}ber externen Einfl{\"u}ssen und Impulsen (z.B. Klimawandel, Extremereignisse). Vor dem Hintergrund zahlreicher qualitativer Untersuchungen von Konnektivit{\"a}t und Kopplung (z.B. Hang-Gerinne-Kopplung) wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine Methode zur Quantifizierung der Grobsediment-Konnektivit{\"a}t entwickelt. Auf Grundlage von Digitalen Gel{\"a}ndemodellen (DGM) werden f{\"u}r drei alpine Einzugsgebiete (Horlachtal, Reintal und Lahnenwiesgraben) mit Geographischen Informationssystemen (GIS) durch numerische Prozessmodelle die Prozessverl{\"a}ufe und Prozessraumzonen der geomorphologischen Prozesse Steinschlag, (Hang-)Murgang und fluvialer bzw. hangaquatischer Abtrag ermittelt. Die GIS-Modelle werden im Feld und mittels Luftbildkartierungen kalibriert und validiert. {\"U}ber einen an der Graphentheorie orientierten Ansatz wird die Kopplung zwischen den jeweiligen Prozessen durch neu entwickelte numerische Modelle abgebildet und quantifiziert. Die entwickelten Modelle und durchgef{\"u}hrten Untersuchungen erm{\"o}glichen u.a. die Erstellung von aktual-Geomorphologischen Karten (aGMK) der Untersuchungsgebiete, die Ermittlung der an einen beliebigen Punkt oder an ein beliebiges Gerinnenetz gekoppelten Fl{\"a}chen sowie die Quantifizierung dieser Kopplung. Dadurch lassen sich Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Kopplung und Gebietseigenschaften wie z. B. Hangneigung oder Einzugsgebietsgr{\"o}ße untersuchen. Des weiteren kann ein fl{\"a}chenbezogener Konnektivit{\"a}tsindex abgeleitet werden, welcher den momentan durch die betrachteten Prozesse gekoppelten Fl{\"a}chenanteil f{\"u}r ein gegebenes Einzugsgebiet und regionale Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Kopplungsintensit{\"a}t darstellt. Dies erm{\"o}glicht den Systemvergleich von Einzugsgebieten mit unterschiedlicher naturr{\"a}umlicher Ausstattung.}, subject = {Geomorphologie}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Fleischer2023, author = {Fleischer, Fabian Mark}, title = {Untersuchung der Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die kinematische Entwicklung von Blockgletschern und die Entstehung blockgletscher{\"a}hnlicher Landformen in den Ostalpen}, doi = {10.17904/ku.opus-850}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:824-opus4-8501}, school = {Katholische Universit{\"a}t Eichst{\"a}tt-Ingolstadt}, pages = {XXI, 120 Seiten : Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Diese kumulative Dissertation befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Hochgebirgslandschaften, insbesondere mit der Morphodynamik und der langfristigen Entwicklung aktiver Blockgletscher im Kaunertal in den {\"O}tztaler Alpen, {\"O}sterreich. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus liefert die Arbeit am Beispiel des Zwieselbachferners in den Stubaier Alpen, {\"O}sterreich, neue Erkenntnisse {\"u}ber die Entstehung von blockgletscher{\"a}hnlichen periglazialen Landformen. Diese k{\"o}nnen durch das Zusammenwirken von Felsst{\"u}rzen und dem fortschreitenden Abschmelzen von Gletschern unterhalb der Gleichgewichtslinie entstehen. In dieser Arbeit werden sowohl moderne Fernerkundungstechnologien, wie luftgest{\"u}tztes LiDAR und digitale Luftbilder, als auch historische Datenquellen, wie analoge Luftbilder, historische Karten und Messdaten, verwendet. Durch diese Kombination k{\"o}nnen Fließgeschwindigkeiten und H{\"o}hen{\"a}nderungen dieser Landschaftselemente {\"u}ber mehrere Jahrzehnte dokumentiert werden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus erm{\"o}glicht dies eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Kinematik von Blockgletschern. Dabei reichen die Analysen auf Einzugsgebietsebene bis ins Jahr 1953 zur{\"u}ck. F{\"u}r das Fallbeispiel des Inneren {\"O}lgruben Blockgletschers reichen die Untersuchungen sogar bis ins Jahr 1922 zur{\"u}ck. Es wurde ein allgemeiner Trend in der Blockgletscherkinematik festgestellt, der mit der alpenweiten Beschleunigung seit den 1990er Jahren {\"u}bereinstimmt. Die Analyse deutet darauf hin, dass dieser Trend haupts{\"a}chlich auf den Anstieg der Fr{\"u}hlings- und Sommertemperaturen und das fr{\"u}here Eintreten des Endes der Schneebedeckung zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist. Dies unterstreicht die Relevanz des gegenw{\"a}rtigen Klimawandels und seiner Auswirkungen auf die Blockgletscherbewegungen. Die Erkenntnisse, die durch die Erweiterung des Untersuchungszeitraums bis 1922 gewonnen werden konnten, best{\"a}tigen diese Annahmen und unterstreichen die Bedeutung k{\"u}rzerer Warmphasen und der Gletscher{\"u}berpr{\"a}gung zum Ende der LIA auf die Kinematik. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Entlastung durch Gletscherschmelze und das Abschmelzen von Toteis zu einer erh{\"o}hten Wasserverf{\"u}gbarkeit und zu Ver{\"a}nderungen des Spannungs- und Fließfeldes f{\"u}hren und somit erh{\"o}hte Fließbewegungen beg{\"u}nstigen. Die Untersuchung der multidekadischen Blockgletscherkinematik zeigte eine deutliche Variabilit{\"a}t in der Reaktion einzelner Blockgletscher und Blockgletscherloben. Trotz der generellen Beschleunigungstrends seit den 1990er Jahren offenbaren der Zeitpunkt, das Ausmaß und die zeitlichen Maxima der kinematischen Ver{\"a}nderungen eine differenzierte Sensitivit{\"a}t oder Reaktionsdynamik der einzelnen Blockgletscher und Blockgletscherloben gegen{\"u}ber Schwankungen und {\"A}nderungen der externen Einflussfaktoren. Dies weist auf die Bedeutung interner Faktoren f{\"u}r die Kinematik hin und unterstreicht die Komplexit{\"a}t dieser Geosysteme. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Entstehung und Entwicklung einer blockgletscher{\"a}hnlichen Landschaftsform, die durch einen Felssturz auf den Zwieselbachferner verursacht wurde. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Klimawandel eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Entstehung und Entwicklung solcher Landschaftsformen spielt. Seine Auswirkungen sind insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Gletscherdynamik, den Schutteintrag und die thermische Isolation des darunter liegenden Eises von großer Bedeutung. In unserem Fallbeispiel f{\"u}hrt ein Felssturz zur Bildung einer schuttbedeckten Landform mit einem Eiskern, die aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Abschmelzraten des schuttbedeckten Teils und des umgebenden Gletschers steile Fronten und Flanken aufweist. Die Extrapolation der Eisdickenentwicklung l{\"a}sst vermuten, dass dieser Teil des Gletschers nach dem vollst{\"a}ndigen Abschmelzen des umgebenden Gletschers als periglaziale blockgletscher{\"a}hnliche Landform erhalten bleibt.}, subject = {Kauner Tal}, language = {de} }