Poltical Economy of European Integration M.A.
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- Accountability, Data Protection Authority, European Union, Fines, General Data Protection Regulation, Multi-level governance. (1)
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The present master thesis analyzes the impact of the influx of asylum seekers during 2015/2016 on the asylum framework of the EU and the domestic asylum policy of the member states. The thesis argues that the refugee crisis has contributed significantly to the exposure of the numerous shortcomings of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) one of which is the ignorance of the persistent heterogeneity of the member states that hinders the harmonization of the asylum policies and reception conditions. The first part of the research deals with the baseline of the CEAS and the role of the supranational shaping of the asylum policy field during the current crisis. Following aspects will be here under scrutiny: persistent focus on the external border security arising from the Schengen Agreement, the problem of the burden-sharing under the Dublin Regulation as well as the achieving the goal of tempering the refugee influx by externalization of the issue through the Deal with Turkey. The empirical part focuses on the various EU member states, namely Germany, Greece, and Hungary. The research touches upon historical roots of the asylum policy of the respective member states, legislative developments happening during 2015/2016 and reception conditions. The thesis concludes that the lack of the legitimacy of the regulations coming from the supranational level along with the absence of the profound ideational basis for the elaboration of the common asylum policy facilitated by the deep-rooted diverse historical and institutional context hinders the EU member states to act sufficiently under the critical circumstances and provide an adequate and human-rights oriented response to the massive migratory inflows.
Recently migration has become a subject of concern all around the world. The EU has a long history of receiving migrants, however, with the emergence of the Arab Spring and a chain of revolutions in the Middle East and North Africa, Europe had to elaborate a response to the increasing inflow of the illegal migrants. As the EU was mostly concerned about the border securitisation, the humanitarian crisis was unfolding. This paper explores the main migration and border regime policies of the EU to see their impact on the unauthorised border crossings at the illegal migration routes towards the EU. It argues that the migration crisis showed the incapacity of the EU institutions to respond efficiently and in proper time on the emerged challenges at the borders. This thesis explains how the major points of the border crossings were evolving depending on the national and supranational regulations. It was found out that the border regime of the EU wasn’t including mechanisms to deal with a large-scale migration and was based mostly on short-sighted policies. The paper calls for a comprehensive approach to the issue that would be based on solidarity between the Member States and binding regulations.
The financial crisis of 2008 and the austerity period that ensured entailed a redefinition of democracy and the role of political parties in Europe. In this context, a wave of emerging parties place participation at the heart of their political program to reform the system from within. Thus, they aim not only to revive representative democracy but also internal democracy. The present study tests whether their implementation of anti-oligarchization mechanisms is successful in rejecting Robert Michels ‘iron law of oligarchy’. By conducting a micro-ethnography on the Berlin circle of Podemos, it revealed that the party is successful at preventing oligarchy. While oligarchization trends are present, they are countered by an overall strategy for participation and three specific mechanisms: the circle, digital tools and gender equality.