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In this article, the main events of political life in Portugal are discussed. It includes a report on general elections in 2022, the formation of a new Socialist absolute majority government led by Prime Minister Antonio Costa, and major parliamentary decisions and debates. The year 2022 started with early general elections, strengthening the ruling Socialist Party, which won a majority of seats in the national Parliament. However, it took some time for the new government to learn to govern in the new context.
In 2021, Portuguese politics was strongly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In this constraining context, the Portuguese population went twice to the polls in presidential and local elections. Moreover, the Portuguese government was the holder of the presidency of the Council of the European Union. Throughout the year, the Portuguese government negotiated with the political parties to get the 2022 budget approved. However, most opposition parties rejected the budget for different reasons. Therefore, the President of the Republic dissolved Parliament and announced early elections for 30 January 2022. Although it was a difficult year, Portugal was able to implement an aggressive vaccination programme, which led to a high vaccination coverage of 80 per cent of the population.
In the recent years, research on the conditions, under which members of the host countries such as Germany perceive refugees as threatening and respond with negative attitudes, has increased. However, little attention has been given to the implications that subjective perceptions of threat among the host community may have for their own psychological health. Using integrated threat theory, the current study examined the relationships between perceived threats, person-centered antecedents in intercultural settings, and psychological distress among Germans, who reflected on incoming refugees. Using a survey company, a sample (N = 1000) was recruited, which matched the German census regarding central demographics. Participants completed a cross-sectional online survey with validated self-report measures. Assessments covered four perceived threat types (intergroup anxiety, symbolic and realistic threat, negative stereotypes), person-related antecedents (social identity as German, quantity and quality of prior intercultural contact), and psychological distress. Applying structural equation modeling, we found that high social identification as German was related to greater perceptions of symbolic/realistic threat, stronger negative stereotypes and to more intergroup anxiety. Vice versa, high quality of prior intercultural contact experiences was associated with a decrease of all threat types. The quantity of prior intercultural contact showed almost no relations to perceived threats. In terms of indirect effects, greater quality of contact predicted less distress, and greater identity as German predicted more distress, both via symbolic/realistic threat and intergroup anxiety. Taken together, perceiving refugees as a threatening outgroup may signify a self-harming risk, while high quality of intercultural relations may indirectly enhance health
In the context of global democratic crises and pervasive neoliberal policies, civil society organizations (CSOs) play a critical role in promoting democratic processes and advancing social change on local, national, and transnational scales. However, such organizations also (need to) grapple with how they themselves put social justice and democratic principles into practice, and resist coloniality within. This article examines these questions in the case of People Powered–Global Hub for Participatory Democracy, a recently found transnational CSO that advocates globally for participatory democracy as a mechanism for social change and employs these principles in its own governance and operations. The analysis focusses on the creation of People Powered and its first year of practice. Drawing upon decolonial frameworks—and based on our own experiences as founding members of People Powered and our reading of interviews and documents—we identify concrete practices through which the organization seeks to enact epistemic justice, shift power, and emphasize relationality. We argue that People Powered's decolonial roots, collectively articulated values and commitments, radical transparency, and its consistent employment of meaningful participation and reflexivity have built and are likely to sustain this transnational solidarity for social change. At the same time and perhaps critical for fostering solidarity and social change in the long term, People Powered embraces, rather than evades, tensions and contradictions that emerge in these efforts.
Unter den derzeit rund 39.000 Planungsbüros in Deutschland steht bei vielen hundert in den nächsten Jahren eine Nachfolgeregelung an. Dieser Artikel befasst sich daher intensiv mit dem Thema der Unternehmensnachfolge und gibt Einblicke in die unterschiedlichen Vorstellungen, Herausforderungen und gewünschten Hilfestellungen aus Perspektive Abgebender und Übernehmender der Fachrichtungen Architektur, Innenarchitektur, Landschaftsarchitektur und
Stadtplanung. Die Analyse beruht auf einer empirischen Umfrage der Architektenkammer Berlin unter wissenschaftlicher Begleitung durch das EMF Institut. Darüber hinaus wird erstmalig eine Schätzung berechnet, wie hoch die Anzahl der zur Nachfolge anstehenden Planungsbüros in Deutschland für die nächsten fünf Jahre ist. Des Weiteren liefert dieser Artikel eine kompakte Zusammenfassung über die Besonderheiten der unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und zeigt die zentralen Erkenntnisse auf.
Models of labor demand usually use cost or production functions to derive profit-maximizing firm performance. These models often rely on the assumption of symmetrical behavior,i.e., the response to a positive or negative wage shock of the same relative size is identical to theshock, and the estimated labor demand elasticities are the same for increasing and decreasingemployment. However, behavioral economics models like loss aversion and endowment effectsquestion the assumption of symmetry in labor demand. In addition, the influence of a labor shortageshould be reflected in the investigations. Estimations of Fractional Panel Probit models for threedifferent skill levels are applied to evaluate these findings with a large panel of Germanestablishments. The results indicate asymmetrical structures for long-run own-wage elasticities andfor some cross-wage elasticities, putting some doubt on the assumption of strict rationality in labordemand and indicating the influence of labor shortages.
Auf Basis des Great Eight-Kompetenzrahmens stellt dieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) eine Studie zu den Kompetenzanforderungen an Projektleiter*innen in hochdigitalisierten Arbeitsumgebungen der agilen Softwareentwicklung vor und definiert den zugehörigen Führungserfolg. Es wurden elfEinzelinterviews mit Expert*innen eines internationalen IT-Dienstleisters durchgeführt, die verschiedene Rollen im Kontext der Softwareentwicklung ausfüllten. Die Interviews wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse anhand eines Kategoriensystems computergestützt ausgewertet. Es konnte ein Anforderungsprofil identifiziert werden, das 20 Kompetenzfacetten im Sinne leistungsrelevanter Verhaltensweisen umfasst. Eine bis drei Kompetenzfacetten ließen sich jeweils einer von 12 übergeordneten Kompetenzdimensionen zuordnen, wobei jede Domäne der Great Eight durch mindestens eine Kompetenzdimension repräsentiert war. Die Domänen Leading and Deciding (Motivationsfähigkeit; Mitarbeiterförderung), Interacting and Presenting (Kommunikationsfähigkeit; Konfliktfähigkeit) sowie Analyzing and Interpreting (Kenntnisse IT-Branche; Überblickswissen Softwareentwicklung; agile Arbeitsmethoden) umfassten jeweils zwei bzw. drei Kompetenzdimensionen.
Die restlichen fünf Domänen wurden jeweils durch eine Kompetenzdimension abgebildet (Supporting und Cooperating: Teamfähigkeit; Creating and Conceptualizing: Offenheit; Organizing and Executing: Zeit- und Ressourcenmanagement; Adapting and Coping: Proaktiver Umgang mit Fehlern; Enterprising and Performing: Begeisterungsfähigkeit für Softwareentwicklung). Die Domänen Analyzing and Interpreting sowie Enterprising and Performing bilden Kompetenzanforderungen ab, die spe-
zifisch für den Arbeitskontext der agilen Softwareentwicklung sind. Führungserfolg liegt vor, wenn lauffähige Softwareressourcen effizient nach Kundenwünschen entwickelt wird und die Teammitglieder gleichzeitig eine hohe Arbeitszufriedenheit berichten. Zusammenfassend lassen sich Kompetenzanforderungen an Projektleiter*innen in digitalisiert und agil agierenden Softwareentwicklerteams anhand der Great Eight konzeptualisieren, wobei das Anforderungsportfolio vier tätigkeitsfeldspezifische und acht kontextunabhängige Kompetenzdimensionen vereint, die sich jeweils anhand relevanter Verhaltensweisen für den Führungsalltag definieren lassen.
The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak shows that pandemics and epidemics can seriously wreak havoc on supply chains (SC) around the globe. Humanitarian logistics literature has extensively studied epidemic impacts; however, there exists a research gap in understand-ing of pandemic impacts in commercial SCs. To progress in this direction, we present a systematic analysis of the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on SCs guided by a structured lit-erature review that collated a unique set of publications. The literature review findings sug-gest that influenza was the most visible epidemic outbreak reported, and that optimization of resource allocation and distribution emerged as the most popular topic. The streamlining of the literature helps us to reveal several new research tensions and novel categorizations/classifications. Most centrally, we propose a framework for operations and supply chain management at the times of COVID-19 pandemic spanning six perspectives, i.e., adap-tation, digitalization, preparedness, recovery, ripple effect, and sustainability. Utilizing the outcomes of our analysis, we tease out a series of open research questions that would not be observed otherwise. Our study also emphasizes the need and offers directions to advance the literature on the impacts of the epidemic outbreaks on SCs framing a research agenda for scholars and practitioners working on this emerging research stream.
Shark incidents are rare and graphic events, and their
consequences can influence the behavior of beach users,
including bathers, to a great extent. These incidents can
be thought of as a fearsome risk that may lead decision
makers to overreact or respond with inaction. This paper
examines the reaction of recreational beach users, includ-
ing bathers, to changes in the risk of shark incidents. In
addition to valuing recreational visits to Durban Beach,
South Africa, we study the reaction of beach visitors to a
hypothetical scenario in which protective shark nets,
deployed in coastal waters to protect bathers, are to be
removed. To examine potential heterogeneity of the treat-
ment effect in a travel cost-contingent behavior model, we
develop a semiparametric multivariate Poisson lognormal
(MPLN) model to jointly analyze observed and stated visit
counts. Results show that removing protective shark nets
at Durban beach would decrease recreational visits by
more than 20%. Applying the semiparametric MPLN
model we further find that both the value of a recreational
visit and the predicted change in visitation rates vary as a
function of whether recreationists usually enter the water,
whether they have heard of previous shark incidents, and
their general risk attitude.