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In this article, the main events of political life in Portugal are discussed. It includes a report on general elections in 2022, the formation of a new Socialist absolute majority government led by Prime Minister Antonio Costa, and major parliamentary decisions and debates. The year 2022 started with early general elections, strengthening the ruling Socialist Party, which won a majority of seats in the national Parliament. However, it took some time for the new government to learn to govern in the new context.
In 2021, Portuguese politics was strongly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In this constraining context, the Portuguese population went twice to the polls in presidential and local elections. Moreover, the Portuguese government was the holder of the presidency of the Council of the European Union. Throughout the year, the Portuguese government negotiated with the political parties to get the 2022 budget approved. However, most opposition parties rejected the budget for different reasons. Therefore, the President of the Republic dissolved Parliament and announced early elections for 30 January 2022. Although it was a difficult year, Portugal was able to implement an aggressive vaccination programme, which led to a high vaccination coverage of 80 per cent of the population.
In the recent years, research on the conditions, under which members of the host countries such as Germany perceive refugees as threatening and respond with negative attitudes, has increased. However, little attention has been given to the implications that subjective perceptions of threat among the host community may have for their own psychological health. Using integrated threat theory, the current study examined the relationships between perceived threats, person-centered antecedents in intercultural settings, and psychological distress among Germans, who reflected on incoming refugees. Using a survey company, a sample (N = 1000) was recruited, which matched the German census regarding central demographics. Participants completed a cross-sectional online survey with validated self-report measures. Assessments covered four perceived threat types (intergroup anxiety, symbolic and realistic threat, negative stereotypes), person-related antecedents (social identity as German, quantity and quality of prior intercultural contact), and psychological distress. Applying structural equation modeling, we found that high social identification as German was related to greater perceptions of symbolic/realistic threat, stronger negative stereotypes and to more intergroup anxiety. Vice versa, high quality of prior intercultural contact experiences was associated with a decrease of all threat types. The quantity of prior intercultural contact showed almost no relations to perceived threats. In terms of indirect effects, greater quality of contact predicted less distress, and greater identity as German predicted more distress, both via symbolic/realistic threat and intergroup anxiety. Taken together, perceiving refugees as a threatening outgroup may signify a self-harming risk, while high quality of intercultural relations may indirectly enhance health
In the context of global democratic crises and pervasive neoliberal policies, civil society organizations (CSOs) play a critical role in promoting democratic processes and advancing social change on local, national, and transnational scales. However, such organizations also (need to) grapple with how they themselves put social justice and democratic principles into practice, and resist coloniality within. This article examines these questions in the case of People Powered–Global Hub for Participatory Democracy, a recently found transnational CSO that advocates globally for participatory democracy as a mechanism for social change and employs these principles in its own governance and operations. The analysis focusses on the creation of People Powered and its first year of practice. Drawing upon decolonial frameworks—and based on our own experiences as founding members of People Powered and our reading of interviews and documents—we identify concrete practices through which the organization seeks to enact epistemic justice, shift power, and emphasize relationality. We argue that People Powered's decolonial roots, collectively articulated values and commitments, radical transparency, and its consistent employment of meaningful participation and reflexivity have built and are likely to sustain this transnational solidarity for social change. At the same time and perhaps critical for fostering solidarity and social change in the long term, People Powered embraces, rather than evades, tensions and contradictions that emerge in these efforts.
Unter den derzeit rund 39.000 Planungsbüros in Deutschland steht bei vielen hundert in den nächsten Jahren eine Nachfolgeregelung an. Dieser Artikel befasst sich daher intensiv mit dem Thema der Unternehmensnachfolge und gibt Einblicke in die unterschiedlichen Vorstellungen, Herausforderungen und gewünschten Hilfestellungen aus Perspektive Abgebender und Übernehmender der Fachrichtungen Architektur, Innenarchitektur, Landschaftsarchitektur und
Stadtplanung. Die Analyse beruht auf einer empirischen Umfrage der Architektenkammer Berlin unter wissenschaftlicher Begleitung durch das EMF Institut. Darüber hinaus wird erstmalig eine Schätzung berechnet, wie hoch die Anzahl der zur Nachfolge anstehenden Planungsbüros in Deutschland für die nächsten fünf Jahre ist. Des Weiteren liefert dieser Artikel eine kompakte Zusammenfassung über die Besonderheiten der unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und zeigt die zentralen Erkenntnisse auf.
Models of labor demand usually use cost or production functions to derive profit-maximizing firm performance. These models often rely on the assumption of symmetrical behavior,i.e., the response to a positive or negative wage shock of the same relative size is identical to theshock, and the estimated labor demand elasticities are the same for increasing and decreasingemployment. However, behavioral economics models like loss aversion and endowment effectsquestion the assumption of symmetry in labor demand. In addition, the influence of a labor shortageshould be reflected in the investigations. Estimations of Fractional Panel Probit models for threedifferent skill levels are applied to evaluate these findings with a large panel of Germanestablishments. The results indicate asymmetrical structures for long-run own-wage elasticities andfor some cross-wage elasticities, putting some doubt on the assumption of strict rationality in labordemand and indicating the influence of labor shortages.