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Can the State of Tamilnadu, India Transform to Clean Renewable Energy 100% Zero Emissions by 2060?
(2022)
Shaping a Sustainable Future
(2022)
This book gives insights into important factors that are shaping effective learning for sustainability and describes innovative teaching formats that will enable students to contribute to a more sustainable world in their future role as decision makers. Basic concepts in the context of sustainability-related teaching and learning are defined and the relation between learning objectives, methods, skills and outcomes is conceptualised. The book’s detailed description of 23 teaching formats, including their learning objectives, course contents and structure, as well as applied methods aims at supporting lecturers and trainers in the design of their own teaching formats. With conbtributions by Pilar Acosta, Bimal Arora, Hasret Balcioglu, Diana Bank Weinberg, Maria Angeles Bustamante Gallego, Silke Bustamante, Julen Castillo-Apraiz, Helen Chiappini, Arrate Lasa Elguezua, Iñaki Etaio Alonso, Diego Rada Fernandez de Jauregui, Irene Garnelo-Gomez, Jonatan Miranda Gomez, Zsuzsanna Győri, Tony Henshaw, Igor Hernandez Ochoa, Mark Hoyle, Maria V. Ilieva, Divya Jyoti, Achilleas Karayiannis, Prashan S. M. Karunaratne, Philipp Kenel, William Kitch, Tetiana Kravchenko, Idoia Larretxi Lamelas, Edurne Simón Magro, Olaia Martinez Gonzalez, Martina Martinovic, Virginia Navarro Santamaria, Maria, Nemilentseva, Rana Parweeen, Andrea Pelzeter, Daria Podmetina, Manuel Quirós, Ellen Saltevo, Marina Schmitz, Elena Senatorova, Kai Shaman, Aušrinė Šilenskytė, Julia Solovjova, Unai Tamayo Orbegozo, Marko, Torkkeli, Itziar Txurruka Ortega, Gustavo Vargas-Silva, Anna Young-Ferris and Chuan Yu.
This work comprises several materials related to the innovative higher education teaching format “Engaging for Sustainability“. It aims to support educators in designing and implementing sustainability- and responsibility-related teaching by presenting the module description, the course outline, the teaching approaches, methods and exercises used as well as an resource overview. The work was developed within the framework of the ERASMUS+ project “EFFectiveness Of Responsibility Teaching“ (EFFORT) (see: https://effort.lehre.hwr-berlin.de/home).
The EFFORT Controlling Tool represents an instrument that can be used in order to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching formats related to sustainability and responsibility. It comprises two standardized questionnaires: a pre-course questionnaire that needs to be completed by format participants prior to participation and a post-course questionnaire that needs to be filled out afterwards. The work published here includes paper-pencil-versions of the pre- and post-course questionnaires along with some general information respective the tool and its application. It was developed within the framework of the ERASMUS+ project “EFFectiveness Of Responsibility Teaching“ (EFFORT) (see: https://effort.lehre.hwr-berlin.de/home).
This work shows the results of the effectiveness testing of several higher education teaching formats/courses that are dealing with sustainability and/or responsibility and presents a variety of factors influencing teaching effectiveness. It was developed within the framework of the ERASMUS+ project “EFFectiveness Of Responsibility Teaching“ (EFFORT) (see: https://effort.lehre.hwr-berlin.de/home).
This paper assesses the relationship between decision util-ity and experienced utility of recreational nature visits.The former is measured as the travel cost to reach that siteas routinely used by the travel cost method (TCM), andthe latter is operationalized through visit-related subjec-tive well-being (SWB). As such, the analysis is a test ofconvergent validity by examining whetherex anteTCM-based assessment of recreational value reflecting decisionutility corresponds to statedex postSWB, reflecting expe-rienced utility. It explores to what extent utility revealedby counts of nature visits are associated with self-reported,visit-related SWB relating to that same visited site. Theanalysis uses two existing datasets providing informationon (i) 3672 recreational visits to green/blue spaces inEngland over the course of four years and (ii) 5937 recrea-tional visits to bluespace sites across 14 European coun-tries over one year. Results show a positive associationbetween travel cost and visit-related SWB while control-ling for trip frequency and a large set of covariates,suggesting convergent validity of the two utility concepts.A breakdown by travel mode suggests this relationshiponly holds for trips involving motorized transport and isnot present for habitual, chore-like walking visits to therecreational site.
The shrimp sector in Ecuador is the second most important in the country and has begun a process of energy transition through the electrification of its operations, moving from the use of diesel for pumping water and aerating the farming ponds, towards the connection to the electrical grid. This energy transition leads to investments in infrastructure and generates an impact on different variables of the sector, such as its productivity, exports, greenhouse gas emissions, social impacts, among others. This study develops a methodology to analyze the energy transition of the sector through electrification scenarios.
In Chapter 1, an introduction to the study to be carried out and the motivation are presented. Chapter 2 shows a review of the literature on the energy transition and the energy situation of the country and the shrimp farming sector. Chapter 3 establishes the scenario analysis framework, as well as proposes the use of the Energy Transition Index as inspiration to analyze the energy transition of the shrimp farming sector. Chapter 4 indicates the methodology to carry out the specific analysis and evaluation. Chapter 5 develops the nine established dimensions of the energy transition applied to the sector. Chapter 6 highlights the critical findings, and finally, in Chapter 7 the conclusions, recommendations and limitations of the study are provided.
Unter den derzeit rund 39.000 Planungsbüros in Deutschland steht bei vielen hundert in den nächsten Jahren eine Nachfolgeregelung an. Dieser Artikel befasst sich daher intensiv mit dem Thema der Unternehmensnachfolge und gibt Einblicke in die unterschiedlichen Vorstellungen, Herausforderungen und gewünschten Hilfestellungen aus Perspektive Abgebender und Übernehmender der Fachrichtungen Architektur, Innenarchitektur, Landschaftsarchitektur und
Stadtplanung. Die Analyse beruht auf einer empirischen Umfrage der Architektenkammer Berlin unter wissenschaftlicher Begleitung durch das EMF Institut. Darüber hinaus wird erstmalig eine Schätzung berechnet, wie hoch die Anzahl der zur Nachfolge anstehenden Planungsbüros in Deutschland für die nächsten fünf Jahre ist. Des Weiteren liefert dieser Artikel eine kompakte Zusammenfassung über die Besonderheiten der unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und zeigt die zentralen Erkenntnisse auf.
In the context of global democratic crises and pervasive neoliberal policies, civil society organizations (CSOs) play a critical role in promoting democratic processes and advancing social change on local, national, and transnational scales. However, such organizations also (need to) grapple with how they themselves put social justice and democratic principles into practice, and resist coloniality within. This article examines these questions in the case of People Powered–Global Hub for Participatory Democracy, a recently found transnational CSO that advocates globally for participatory democracy as a mechanism for social change and employs these principles in its own governance and operations. The analysis focusses on the creation of People Powered and its first year of practice. Drawing upon decolonial frameworks—and based on our own experiences as founding members of People Powered and our reading of interviews and documents—we identify concrete practices through which the organization seeks to enact epistemic justice, shift power, and emphasize relationality. We argue that People Powered's decolonial roots, collectively articulated values and commitments, radical transparency, and its consistent employment of meaningful participation and reflexivity have built and are likely to sustain this transnational solidarity for social change. At the same time and perhaps critical for fostering solidarity and social change in the long term, People Powered embraces, rather than evades, tensions and contradictions that emerge in these efforts.
Increased electricity consumption along with the transformations of the energy systems and interruptions in energy supply can lead to a blackout, i.e., the total loss of power in an area (or a set of areas) of a longer duration. This disruption can be fatal for production, logistics, and retail operations. Depending on the scope of the affected areas and the blackout duration, supply chains (SC) can be impacted to different extent. In this study, we perform a simulation analysis using anyLogistix digital SC twin to identify potential impacts of blackouts on SCs for scenarios of different severity. Distinctively, we triangulate the design and evaluation of experiments with consideration of SC performance, resilience, and viability. The results allow for some generalizations. First, we conceptualize blackout as a special case of SC risks which is distinctively characterized by a simultaneous shutdown of several SC processes, disruption propagations (i.e., the ripple effect), and a danger of viability losses for entire ecosystems. Second, we demonstrate how simulation-based methodology can be used to examine and predict the impacts of blackouts, mitigation and recovery strategies. The major observation from the simulation experiments is that the dynamics of the power loss propagation across different regions, the blackout duration, simultaneous unavailability of supply and logistics along with the unpredictable customer behavior might become major factors that determine the blackout impact and influence selection of an appropriate recovery strategy. The outcomes of this research can be used by decision-makers to predict the operative and long-term impacts of blackouts on the SCs and viability and develop mitigation and recovery strategies. The paper is concluded by summarizing the most important insights and outlining future research agenda toward SC viability, reconfigurable SC, multi-structural SC dynamics, intertwined supply networks, and cross-structural ripple effects.
The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc across supply chain (SC) operations worldwide. Specifically, decisions on the recovery planning are subject to multi-dimensional uncertainty stemming from singular and correlated disruptions in demand, supply, and production capacities. This is a new and understudied research area. In this study, we examine, SC recovery for high-demand items (e.g., hand sanitizer and face masks). We first developed a stochastic mathematical model to optimise recovery for a three-stage SC exposed to the multi-dimensional impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. This allows to generalize a novel problem setting with simultaneous demand, supply, and capacity uncertainty in a multi-stage SC recovery context. We then developed a chance-constrained programming approach and present in this article a new and enhanced multi-operator differential evolution variant-based solution approach to solve our model. With the optimisation, we sought to understand the impact of different recovery strategies on SC profitability as well as identify optimal recovery plans. Through extensive numerical experiments, we demonstrated capability towards efficiently solving both small- and large-scale SC recovery problems. We tested, evaluated, and analyzed different recovery strategies, scenarios, and problem scales to validate our approach. Ultimately, the study provides a useful tool to optimise reactive adaptation strategies related to how and when SC recovery operations should be deployed during a pandemic. This study contributes to literature through development of a unique problem setting with multi-dimensional uncertainty impacts for SC recovery, as well as an efficient solution approach for solution of both small- and large-scale SC recovery problems. Relevant decision-makers can use the findings of this research to select the most efficient SC recovery plan under pandemic conditions and to determine the timing of its deployment.
The author investigates the different influences of labor shortage on wages in firms with or without collective bargaining agreements. In addition to training, technological solutions, and organizational flexibility, employers can also offer higher wages at a constant employment level to fill vacancies if the current payments are lower than the marginal revenue of the workers. Firms with collective bargaining agreements probably already pay wages according to marginal revenue or, in the case of rent sharing, above it, and the remuneration is probably also not adjusted. Using wage regressions with panel data for German establishments, this paper shows that collective bargaining and a lack of skilled workers can lead to higher wages. However, the latter only applies to firms that are not bound by collective agreements. Hence, wage differentials between these firms decrease, providing further explanation for a countercyclical development of the wage premium from the collective bargaining agreement.
In 2021, Portuguese politics was strongly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In this constraining context, the Portuguese population went twice to the polls in presidential and local elections. Moreover, the Portuguese government was the holder of the presidency of the Council of the European Union. Throughout the year, the Portuguese government negotiated with the political parties to get the 2022 budget approved. However, most opposition parties rejected the budget for different reasons. Therefore, the President of the Republic dissolved Parliament and announced early elections for 30 January 2022. Although it was a difficult year, Portugal was able to implement an aggressive vaccination programme, which led to a high vaccination coverage of 80 per cent of the population.
Kidnappings, among other threats, are inherent to the realities of humanitarian aid workers. To increase the chance of survival and facilitate coping with the extreme conditions and demands of being held captive, targeted pre-deployment preparation is necessary. This thesis addresses the identification of teaching content for pre-deployment captivity survival training and the subjective value of such training. With the help of seven qualitative expert interviews, the stresses and challenges of captivity were identified, which are understood as goal clarification for training. Further, coping strategies were displayed to allow participants of training programs to draw on vicarious experiences and reveal possible courses of action.
Purpose
In a service society, the assessment of climate-relevant environmental impacts of services is of increased importance. In the few Product Category Rules (PCRs) for cleaning services available to date, it is noticeable that employee mobility and service-related management are excluded from the assessment. This practice is critically questioned in the following study. The aim is to show that a calculation of the carbon footprint of services that integrates employee mobility and service-related management provides a better basis for finding ways to reduce their environmental impact.
Methods
Key figures on the CO2e emissions of services are examined in exemplary case studies using the example of cleaning, maintenance and reception with regard to the possible share of emissions caused by employee mobility and service-related management activities. For the case studies located in Germany, characteristic values of the equipment, operating materials or mobility used for the service are obtained from available Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). In the absence of EPDs, a simplified estimate is made according to the VERUM method based on the proportion of materials in the product. The case studies compare the carbon footprint of a service by omitting and including employee mobility and service-related management.
Results
The analysed case studies show an impact share between 32 and 69% for employee mobility and between 10 and 26% for service-related management activities in an integrated carbon footprint of services. The emissions caused by employee mobility and service-related management therefore have a dimension that should not be neglected.
Conclusions
From these findings, the necessity is derived to include the emissions from the mobility of operational staff and service-related management in future PCRs for services in order to improve the comparability of services. Optimisation efforts of companies must also start at these points of the service organisation.
The EFFORT Self-Evaluation Tool (EffSET) is a qualitative and quantitative instrument that was developed to enable Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and instructors to classify and analyse their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainability-related courses and teaching concepts according to different criteria.
EffSET helps HEIs and instructors in classifying their teaching courses and teaching concepts by using "course-level criteria" which are embedded in the context of the whole institution. This is achieved by integrating additional criteria regarding the maturity of Social Responsibility (SR) and Sustainability integration in the HEI ("institution-level criteria"), enhancing self-evaluation, and providing indications on strategies and actions for improvement.
The Central American countries made up of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama have shared a common electrical network for nine years through an agreement called the Electrical Interconnection System for Central American countries (SIEPAC). This regional project has generated many benefits for the consumers of each country since there are agreements and regulations, the establishment of a regional energy market, cost reduction, and incentives for renewable generation. However, SIEPAC's energy matrix has not managed to improve its diversification and has difficulties in accelerating and substantially increasing renewable energy options. The analysis indicates that considering some isolated efforts in the field of electromobility that some countries of the Central American region have carried out, it is feasible to connect or incorporate the topic of electromobility within the SIEPAC system, managing to accelerate the change in the Energy Matrix of the Electrical Interconnection System for Central American countries; Likewise, the challenges that must be overcome in the regulatory framework to materialize the expected benefits of the combined model of renewable energy and electromobility developed in this research are also indicated.