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The foundational formulation of supply chain viability in intertwined supply networks (ISN) is based on a dynamic game-theoretic modelling of a biological prey-predator system (i.e., the trophic chain) with associated viability kernel computation. However, two important aspects–network structural dynamics and decentralized coordination–have not been considered. In this study, we close this research gap by extending the foundational model in two ways. First, we extend the general viability model analytically through a control-theoretic lens, explicitly accounting for structural dynamics control. Second, we introduce a multi-agent system (MAS) grounded in the differential game of the foundational model and demonstrate, both conceptually and numerically, how viability is quantified at the agent level. Conceptually, the MAS serves as a micro-foundation for viability theory, translating abstract set-valued dynamics into agent-level decision processes. This allows to connect two major determinants of supply chain viability, i.e., engineered variety (control model) and emergent adaptive behaviors (agent-based model). In addition, we introduce time-to-exit-viability as a performance metric to quantify the conditions under which a network fails while preserving viability. The proposed formulations enable analysis of how decentralized decisions affect supply chain viability, the role of network structure in sustaining survivability, and coordination failures and resulting viability losses. In particular, we show that the viability kernel characterizes potential survivability and does not necessarily guarantee viability under non-coordinated decision-making.
Although research highlights the discipline‐enhancing effect of fiscal rules at the national level, little is known about their impact on local budgets. We employ a dynamic fiscal reaction function within an LSDVC framework to explore the relevance of different local fiscal rules in the EU using a panel dataset of 26 European countries over a 26‐year period (1997–2022). Our findings suggest that debt rules and expenditure rules have a positive relation with budget discipline on the local level. Thus, the mere existence of a DR is less relevant compared to its strength. Consequently, rule design should receive greater attention.
Preferences for Biodiversity-Promoting Private Garden Designs: A Basket-Based Choice Experiment
(2026)
This study introduces the basket-based choice experiment (BBCE) as suggested by Caputo and Lusk (2022) into the field of environmental economics and management. The application is a survey to assess garden owners’ preferences for installing design elements conducive to biodiversity conservation in private gardens. In addition to showcasing this approach in the context of environmental management, the present application of the BBCE adds two new methodological features to this approach. First, an experimental design is used to provide context attributes for each basket-based choice task to assess the extent to which policy levers set by local councils can affect how garden owners design their gardens. Second, the econometric model to analyse the resulting basket-based choice data is augmented by a latent class structure to accommodate the empirical finding that a substantial share of respondents never chose to add any new element to their gardens (i.e. chose an empty basket). Results show that the policy instruments have mixed effects on the element-specific choice probabilities, with financial support for new garden elements exhibiting the strongest effect on demand. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how prediction can be used to assess the uptake of biodiversity friendly garden elements as a function of policy instruments.
Nearly all discrete choice experiments in environmental valuation have a cost attribute to estimate willingness to pay for the goods and services in question. The composition of the cost vector, however, has received little attention in the literature so far. This paper focuses on whether or not the cost vector should include "prominent amounts" (e.g., €1, €2, €5, €10, €20, €50). On the one hand, these amounts are familiar to participants as they are used in everyday life (e.g., coins or banknotes). On the other hand, respondents may not consider the amounts to reflect the cost of environmental programs, affecting credibility. In a review of published discrete choice experiment articles on wind energy, we find little information on how the levels of the cost attribute vectors were chosen and why prominent amounts are (not) included, reflecting the lack of guidance in the literature. In a split-sample survey on renewable energy, we find that the composition of the cost vector does not affect choice frequencies or the perceived difficulty of the task. However, we observe that the cost vector impacts credibility, suggesting that it may impact the validity of the welfare estimates.
The escalating geopolitical tensions between the United States and China present substantial challenges for global supply chains. This thesis explores the resilience strategies employed in the context of the trade conflict between the U.S. and China to bolster the semiconductor supply chain. It also assesses how and to what extent these strategies contribute to resilience, using Intel as a case study. The aim is to gain a better understanding of governmental and corporate strategies for dealing with geopolitical risks in a highly complex industry. Based on a developed framework, which identifies six key resilience factors, a qualitative case study is conducted using the example of Intel. The data is based on publicly available sources, including academic literature, company reports and political programs.
The aim is to gain a better understanding of governmental and corporate strategies for dealing with geopolitical risks in a highly complex industry.
The analysis shows that Intel implements a variety of strategic measures in areas such as redundancy, cooperation, and transparency that can be classified as potentially resilience-enhancing. The results suggest that resilience strategies in the semiconductor industry are not based on individual measures, but should be understood as a complex response to changing political and economic conditions. The thesis offers a theoretically contribution to the classification of current resilience efforts and illustrates how these can be analyzed using a concrete company case.
The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of Mental Health in the context of the workplace by analyzing the role and responsibilities of Human Resource Management (HRM) in supporting Employee Mental Health (EMH) and Mental Well-Being (MWB). A review of current research examines the theoretical foundations of EMH with respect to organizational factors and job characteristics. Based on HRM’s tasks and influences, the thesis explores how HRM can build strategies accordingly. The strategies evaluated are categorized into preventive and reactive measures. In addition, organizational barriers to effective Mental Health (MH) support are explored. A qualitative research design was adopted, drawing on six semi-structured expert interviews with Heads of HR (HHRs) in Germany. The findings indicate that HRM increasingly perceives MH as a workplace issue affecting organizations in various ways. HRM sees its responsibility as acting as a proactive administrative coordination unit that can offer support to employees. At the same time, role ambiguity and limited resources constrain HRM’s capacity to provide direct support. Employee unwillingness to make use of support and HRM’s lack of education represent other barriers. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of HRM’s evolving role in connection to EMH. It highlights the importance of structural prevention alongside targeted MH support. Practical implications for strengthening HRM strategies are discussed, alongside recommendations for future research.
In this study, we elaborate on the macroview of supply chain viability (SCV) and its integration with the regenerative supply chain (RSC) concept. SCV was mostly considered from its narrow view, namely, ensuring survival in the face of persistent disruptions and crises. Less attention was paid to the broader view of SCV. A viable supply chain possesses the requisite variety and feedback mechanisms, enabling it to adapt to multiple future scenarios without knowing them in advance, ensuring performance and purpose persistence in the presence of disruptions. In the broader sense, viability is a convention about nature, society, value-creation ecosystems, and businesses. The essential question, therefore, is: How can we achieve both business ecosystem viability and nature ecosystem regeneration? We address this question by developing a framework that integrates SCV and RSC through a system-cybernetic lens. We theorize the integration of these two streams and propose a novel concept: the viable–regenerative supply chain (VRSC). We argue that viability and regeneration are mutually reinforcing imperatives rather than sequential or alternative strategies. We define three feedback cycles: morphogenetic, adaptive, and homeostatic feedback used in VRSC. Through a synthesis of the viable supply chain model and RSC concept, we reconceptualize supply chains as socio-ecological value-creation ecosystems whose purpose extends beyond operational continuity toward ecosystem viability and a transition toward a regenerative economy. The article develops a conceptual framework and outlines implications for theory, practice, and future research.
Agentic AI (artificial intelligence) can profoundly impact model-based decision-making support. This paper conceptualises the notion of agentic supply chain digital twins (A-SCDT) triangulating the composition of agentic AI, digital twins, and model-based optimisation and simulation. Our contribution is twofold. First, we conceptualise the A-SCDT as a distinct and novel area of practical and theoretical importance. Second, we offer a framework named ICARUS (Interaction, Creativity, Adaptation, Reasoning, Ubiquity, and Synchronization), which allows to structure and systematically consider the A-SCDT impacts on future developments of model-based methods in the era of agentic AI systems. Grounding into the ICARUS framework, we elaborate on how the A-SCDT can aid in decision processes describing two industry cases and deducing some generalised insights. We propose a research agenda to stay impactful and relevant in the times of AI-powered supply chains and operations, discussing new topics, barriers, and limitations stemming from AI. Finally, we elaborate on the managerial implications of A-SCDTs and conclude that agentic AI and digital twins are triggering tectonic shifts towards a new era in supply chain and operations management, bridging model-based and model-free, AI-driven decision-making support.
Als Reaktion auf den Klimawandel verabschiedete die Europäische Kommission 2020 die europäische Wasserstoffstrategie. Ziel war, Wasserstoff als zentralen Baustein der Energiewende in Europa zu etablieren und so den Ausstoß schädlicher Treibhausgasemissionen drastisch zu reduzieren. Das Ergebnis der Strategie ist ein umfassender Fall von politischem Eingriff in einen großen Markt, den Energiemarkt. Diese Arbeit untersucht, wie politische Beschlüsse supranationaler Behörden über Nationalstaaten die Unternehmen und Verbraucher erreichen. Auf Grundlage des analytischen Konzepts der Policy-Transmission wird analysiert, über welche Kanäle Policies auf Unternehmensentscheidungen wirken. Diese Untersuchung erfolgt am Beispiel dreier europäischer Firmen und des bundesdeutschen Unternehmens SEFE.
In light of accelerating climate change and increasing regulatory and stakeholder pressure, sustainability has evolved from a peripheral concern into a core component of corporate strategy. Against this backdrop, Green Mergers and Acquisitions (Green M&A) have emerged as a strategic instrument for firms seeking to align financial performance with environmental and social objectives. This thesis examines the strategic motivations, financial implications, and sustainability outcomes of Green M&A in comparison to traditional M&A transactions.
Building on established neoclassical and behavioral merger theories, the study adopts a systematic literature review structured around six key phases of the M&A process: (1) strategic motivation and target selection, (2) valuation and bid premiums, (3) payment method and financing model, (4) market reaction and investor sentiment, (5) long-term financial performance, and (6) sustainability impact. To complement the theoretical analysis, the research incorporates a qualitative case study of eight Green M&A transactions in the German renewable energy sector, thereby addressing a gap in the predominantly US- and China-focused literature.
The findings indicate that Green M&A differs from traditional M&A in several fundamental ways. Strategically, sustainability considerations increasingly shape target selection, legitimacy-building, and long-term transformation goals. Financially, while valuation and payment structures often resemble traditional mechanisms, ESG alignment and reputational factors significantly influence bid premiums and investor reactions. Short-term capital market responses tend to be positive when ESG integration is perceived as credible, whereas long-term financial performance appears contingent upon effective post-merger integration and genuine sustainability commitment. The case study evidence further demonstrates that Green M&A can contribute substantially to emissions reduction, renewable capacity expansion, green innovation, and access to sustainable finance.
Overall, the thesis concludes that Green M&A represents a structural evolution of corporate acquisition strategy, extending beyond efficiency and synergy considerations toward legitimacy, resilience, and sustainable value creation. However, the realization of both financial and environmental benefits depends critically on authentic ESG integration, governance quality, and strategic coherence.